EP1379431A1 - System for the mass recovery of slicks of spilt petroleum products floating on the sea following shipping incidents - Google Patents

System for the mass recovery of slicks of spilt petroleum products floating on the sea following shipping incidents

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Publication number
EP1379431A1
EP1379431A1 EP01921502A EP01921502A EP1379431A1 EP 1379431 A1 EP1379431 A1 EP 1379431A1 EP 01921502 A EP01921502 A EP 01921502A EP 01921502 A EP01921502 A EP 01921502A EP 1379431 A1 EP1379431 A1 EP 1379431A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
water
slick
sea
petroleum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01921502A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
André Dejoux
Marcel Siragna
Claude Francatel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1379431A1 publication Critical patent/EP1379431A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/32—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for collecting pollution from open water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/048—Oil collectors moved over the water skimming the water surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/204—Keeping clear the surface of open water from oil spills

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for the mass recovery of petroleum products and derivatives escaping from a floating sheet on the sea following a maritime disaster either by sinking of an oil tanker or around a drilling site in sea as it was the case in Mexico at Ixtocl 1979.
  • the system according to the invention solves all these problems. It includes a special vessel equipped with one or two of said systems, one at the front and the other at the rear, the vessel being able to move either in one direction or the other in the sheet to be recovered, preferably confined in a flexible dam.
  • Each system is arranged so that the ship embarks, by wave effect on a ramp, the oil and water in a dynamic decanting bunker playing the role of water / oil separator. In this hold, the oil, of lower density than water, floats on its surface maintained at constant level by a pumping unit of adequate capacity. The oil slick thickens continuously in the settling bunker.
  • a pumping assembly disposed in the vicinity of the underside of the sheet and benefiting from the gravitational pressure thereof, starts and discharges it, through 'a partition wall, in a storage bunker.
  • the dynamic oil / water separator is maintained at a level such that oil and water can be loaded continuously while the ship is advancing in the slick at a maximum speed of about six knots, thanks to the permanent maintenance of '' an adequate level of reception by means of a set of centrifugal pumps expelling the water outside while maintaining the upper level of the aquifer under the conditions required to continue loading oil and water.
  • a maximum mass recovery yield can be obtained by skimming the oil slicks, preferably confined in a flexible dam equipped with a weighted skirt to avoid leakage from below by very heavy swells. It is in this case that it is advantageous that the vessel is equipped with a recovery system at the front and at the rear as well as two pairs of bow propellers at the front and at the aft so, at the end of the penetration stroke in the dam, to translate into the tablecloth, parallel to itself and its width, and to start in the opposite direction by skimming the tablecloth in its second dynamic decantation bunker, and so on until it is fully recovered.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows an example, seen in section in elevation, of a ship equipped, at the front and at the rear, with a mass recovery system of oil in oil according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows schematically, in section view from above, an example of means of propulsion and maneuvering of the vessel fitted with the system according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows schematically, in section view from above, an example of arrangement of the pumping means of the settling bunkers
  • Figure 4 shows schematically, in top view, an example of a ship equipped with the system according to the invention, in action in a sheet partially confined in a flexible dam;
  • Figures 5 and 6 show schematically, seen in cross section and seen in elevation, an example of a flexible dam for confining the oil slick.
  • the special vessel 1 for recovering the mass of oil in the form of a sheet shown in FIG. 1 comprises, at the front and at the rear, two dynamic settling tanks 2, 3 closed on the top by a wall 4, 5 and each separated by a wall 6, 7 of a storage bunker
  • the vessel 1 is specially designed to move rapidly at maximum speed on the high seas at around twenty knots to approach the oil slick to be recovered, whether or not previously surrounded by a containment dam comprising means preventing oil leaks from below as described fig. 5 and 6.
  • the recovery system comprises, at the front and at the rear, a static or articulated ramp 10, 11, plunging into the sea to a depth sufficient to take into account very strong swells and whose upper end 12 is integral with the dynamic settling bay 2, 3.
  • the ramps 10, 11 are covered with a flexible and thin sheet glued, in a material promoting the sliding of petroleum products.
  • the ship moving in the tablecloth up to a speed of about 6 knots, embarks by wave effect, via its active ramp 10 or 11 depending on the direction of its movement, on which the oil of the slick with water in the corresponding dynamic decantation bunker 2 or 3.
  • This bunker 2, 3 acts as a static water-oil separator, in which the oil slick 13, of lower density than that of water 14 , thickens by floating on its surface 15.
  • the level 16 of the top of the sheet 13 is always kept lower than the level 17 of the sea, by a pumping assembly 18 of adequate capacity consisting of two groups of three centrifugal pumps for example of 5000 m3 / h.
  • a dynamic level control means triggers the setting en route of said pump 19.
  • This set of pumps 19 then operate continuously as long as the lower level of the ply 13 is below the level required for their proper operation. They benefit from the gravitational pressure of the sheet and pushes it, through the partition wall 6, 7, into the storage bunker 8.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a section of the submerged hull seen from above at the level of the propulsion and maneuvering means of the ship equipped, at the front and at the rear, with the system according to the invention. Its propulsion means 25, 26 with two pairs of faired propellers 27,
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically, in section seen from above, an example of arrangement of the means for pumping the settling bunkers 2 and 3 of Figure 1.
  • the transfer pumps 19 are mounted through the partition walls 6, 7 between the settling bunkers and the storage bunker 8.
  • the two pump groups 18 are mounted against the corresponding walls of the ship to push the water out of so decantation utes by maintaining the level 16 of the oil table below that of the sea.
  • the bunker 8 for storing the recovered and decanted oil is equipped with heating means, for example steam, to allow it to be transferred to a receiver anchored near the water table.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows, in top view, an example of a ship 1 equipped with the system according to the invention, in action in a sheet 40 partially confined in a flexible floating dam 41 towed by two ships 42, 43 preventing the sheet from drifting to the wind 44 so as to continue to receive and accumulate the oil escaping from the wrecked tanker.
  • the vessel 1 equipped laterally with retractable flaps 45, 46, at the front and at the rear, deploys its front flaps by means of a hydraulic control and enters the sheet at a speed of 5 to 6 knots, up to near the dam where it stops having opened a channel 48 in the water table.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 schematically show, seen in cross section and seen in elevation, an example of a flexible dam for confining the oil slick of FIG. 4.
  • This dam is made up of elements 50, 51, made of waterproof fabric and resistant to hydrocarbons, in the form of a string of low-pressure inflatable tubes, separated at 53, fixed together in a sealed manner and comprising, secured below also in a seawater tight manner, a flexible skirt 54 slightly pleated and weighted making it possible to follow all the movements of the dam while permanently maintaining its seal with the sea even with very large hollows. Ballasting, maintaining the vertical skirt, can be carried out by means of small weights 55, for example made of lead, fixed to the lower part of the skirt in a regular pitch.
  • a traction and maneuvering cable 56 is provided, arranged in passers-by at the connection of the skirt on the tubes. This cable is secured to the dam at the location of the partitions 53 and from place to place on each element so as to prevent traction being effected on the dam, but only on the cable.
  • the characteristics of a vessel according to the invention skimming at an average value of 5 knots are as follows: collection width of 15 meters; tablecloth thickness of 0.5 cm; corresponding skimming capacity of approximately 15,000 m3 per 24 hours; propulsion provided by two 4,000 kW diesel engines; maneuvers in the water table provided by four 2000 kw bow thrusters; storage capacity of decanted oil 6,000 tonnes; cruising speed 20 knots; skimming speed up to 6 knots.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for the mass recovery of petroleum products which is installed on a boat (1) that is specially designed to approach the oil slick to be recovered at 20 knots, said slick having been enclosed by a containment barrier comprising a skirt that prevents the petroleum from escaping underneath. The recovery system comprises a static ramp (10, 11) that extends into the sea to a sufficient depth in order to take account of very strong swells, the upper end (12) of said ramp being solidly connected to a dynamic decantation tank (2, 3) which is closed on top by means of a wall (4, 5). The boat loads the petroleum and water by means of the ramp (10, 11) into the tank thereof (2, 3) serving as a static water/petroleum separator, in which the oil slick (13), which has a lower density than water (14), floats on the water, thickening on top of the surface (15). The upper level (16) of the slick is always maintained below that (17) of the level of the sea by means of a centrifugal pump assembly (18) having an adequate capacity. Said pump assembly expels the water (14) into the sea so that petroleum and water can continue to be loaded. When the lower level of the slick (13) falls below the transfer pumps (19), benefiting from the gravitational pressure of the slick, said transfer pumps start up and push the slick, via a separation wall (6, 7), into a storage tank (8) for decanted oil, while the boat advances into the slick at a maximum speed of approximately six knots.

Description

Système de récupération en masse de produits pétroliers s'échappant en nappe flottant sur la mer à la suite d'incidents de navigation.Mass recovery system for petroleum products escaping from the water floating on the sea following shipping incidents.
L'invention concerne un système de récupération en masse de produits pétroliers et dérivés s' échappant en nappe flottant sur la mer à la suite d'une catastrophe maritime soit par naufrage d'un navire pétrolier, soit autour d'un site de forage en mer comme ce fut le cas au Mexique à Ixtocl 1979.The invention relates to a system for the mass recovery of petroleum products and derivatives escaping from a floating sheet on the sea following a maritime disaster either by sinking of an oil tanker or around a drilling site in sea as it was the case in Mexico at Ixtocl 1979.
On connaît déjà des moyens de pompage à environ 250 m3/heure de produits pétroliers s' étalant en nappe sur la mer. Ces moyens ne sont pas à l'échelle de l'importance des nappes s' échappant sur la mer après une catastrophe, tels que par exemple les moyens mécaniques du genre à bande transporteuse ou les systèmes de pompage qui ont été essayés à ce jour. Ces moyens de pompage ne sont pas utilisables avec des produits pétroliers lourds et visqueux comme ceux de l'Erika. De plus ces systèmes récupèrent un mélange de fioul et d'eau de mer qu'il faut séparer ensuite. H n'existe à ce jour aucun système opérationnel rapide et efficace de récupération en masse d'hydrocarbures en nappes telles que celles du Torrey Canyon 1967 Cornouailles, de l'Amoco Cadiz 1978 au Finistère, de FAtlantic Empress 1979 aux Antilles, du Tanio 1980 au Finistère, de l'Exxon Valdez 1989 en Alaska, du Sea Spirit 1990 au large de Gibraltar, duVistabella 1991 aux Antilles, du Haven 1991 en Italie, de PAegean Sea 1992 en Espagne, du Braer 1993 aux iles Shetland, du Sea Empress 1996 au Pays de Galles, du Nakhodka 1997 au Japon et de l'Erika 1999 au Finistère. Ces catastrophes ont toutes été des désastres écologiques et notamment celle de l'Erika qui portait sur une quantité relativement faible de fioul très lourd, du fait de la très forte houle et de l'orientation des vents, a pollué une très longue partie de la côte française, du Finistère jusqu'à l'île de Ré.We already know means of pumping at around 250 m3 / hour of petroleum products spreading out over the sea. These means are not on the scale of the importance of the water escaping over the sea after a disaster, such as for example mechanical means of the conveyor belt type or pumping systems which have been tested to date. These pumping means cannot be used with heavy and viscous petroleum products like those of the Erika. In addition, these systems recover a mixture of fuel oil and sea water which must then be separated. To date, there is no rapid and efficient operational system for the mass recovery of oil from aquifers such as those in Torrey Canyon 1967 Cornwall, Amoco Cadiz 1978 in Finistère, Atlantic Empress 1979 in Antilles, Tanio 1980 in Finistère, Exxon Valdez 1989 in Alaska, Sea Spirit 1990 off Gibraltar, duVistabella 1991 in the West Indies, Haven 1991 in Italy, PAegean Sea 1992 in Spain, Braer 1993 in Shetland Islands, Sea Empress 1996 in Wales, Nakhodka 1997 in Japan and Erika 1999 in Finistère. These disasters were all ecological disasters, in particular that of the Erika which involved a relatively small amount of very heavy fuel oil, due to the very strong swell and the direction of the winds, polluted a very long part of the French coast, from Finistère to the Ile de Ré.
Les problèmes à résoudre pour effectuer une récupération en masse à l'échelle de ces catastrophes sont les suivants : • Intervenir le plus rapidement possible sur le lieu de la catastrophe pour éviter la dispersion et la dégradation de la nappe comme cela a été le cas de celle de l'Erika au large du Finistère.The problems to be solved to carry out mass recovery on the scale of these disasters are as follows: • Intervene as quickly as possible at the disaster site to avoid dispersal and degradation of the water table as was the case with that of the Erika off the coast of Finistère.
• Pouvoir intervenir par gros temps jusqu'à une houle de 6 mètres de creux.• Being able to intervene in heavy weather up to a 6 meter swell.
• Pouvoir éventuellement très rapidement ceinturer la nappe par un barrage flottant souple empêchant le passage du pétrole en dessous.• Possibly very quickly be able to surround the water table with a flexible floating barrier preventing the passage of oil below.
• Pouvoir récupérer en masse les produits pétroliers des plus légers aux plus lourds avec le même système, avec ou sans barrage de confinement de la nappe. • Pouvoir séparer le pétrole de l'eau de mer au fur et à mesure de sa récupération, de façon simple, préférablement statique, sans pièces en mouvement, pour écarter tout risque de panne.• Being able to collect petroleum products from the lightest to the heaviest using the same system, with or without a groundwater containment dam. • Being able to separate petroleum from seawater as it is recovered, in a simple, preferably static, manner without moving parts, to avoid any risk of breakdown.
• Pouvoir transférer séquentiellement ou en continu le pétrole à mesure de sa récupération, et après séparation de l'eau de mer, vers une cuve flottante ou un tanker ou autres récepteurs se trouvant à proximité.• To be able to transfer the oil sequentially or continuously as it is recovered, and after separation of the sea water, to a floating tank or a tanker or other receivers located nearby.
Le système selon l'invention résout tout ces problèmes. Il comprend un navire spécial équipé d'un ou deux desdits systèmes, l'un à l'avant et l'autre à l'arrière, le navire pouvant se déplacer indifféremment dans un sens ou dans l'autre dans la nappe à récupérer, préférablement confinée dans un barrage souple. Chaque système est agencé pour que le navire embarque, par effet de vague sur une rampe, le pétrole et l'eau dans une soute de décantation dynamique jouant le rôle de séparateur eau/pétrole. Dans cette soute, le pétrole, de densité plus faible que l'eau, flotte à sa surface maintenue à niveau constant par un ensemble de pompage de capacité adéquate. La nappe de pétrole s'épaissit continuellement dans la soute de décantation. Lorsqu'elle atteint une épaisseur suffisante prédéfinie par un contrôle dynamique de niveau, un ensemble de pompage, disposé au voisinage du dessous de la nappe et bénéficiant de la pression gravitationnelle de celle-ci, se met en marche et la refoule, au travers d'une paroi de séparation, dans une soute de stockage. Le séparateur dynamique pétrole/eau est maintenu à un niveau tel que l'embarquement de pétrole et d'eau puisse se faire en continu pendant que le navire avance dans la nappe à une vitesse maximale d'environ six noeuds, grâce au maintien permanent d'un niveau de réception adéquat au moyen d'un ensemble de pompes centrifuges expulsant l'eau à l'extérieur en maintenant le niveau supérieur de la nappe aux conditions requises pour continuer à embarquer le pétrole et l'eau. Un rendement maximal de récupération en masse peut être obtenu en écrémant les nappes de pétrole préférablement confinées dans un barrage souple équipé d'une jupe lestée pour éviter les fuites par dessous par très forte houle. C'est dans ce cas qu'il est avantageux que le navire soit équipé d'un système de récupération à l'avant et à l'arrière ainsi que de deux paires d'hélices d'étrave à l'avant et à l'arrière de façon, en fin de course de pénétration dans le barrage, de se translater dans la nappe, parallèlement à lui- même et de sa largeur, et de repartir en sens inverse en écrémant la nappe dans sa seconde soute de décantation dynamique, et ainsi de suite jusqu'à sa récupération totale.The system according to the invention solves all these problems. It includes a special vessel equipped with one or two of said systems, one at the front and the other at the rear, the vessel being able to move either in one direction or the other in the sheet to be recovered, preferably confined in a flexible dam. Each system is arranged so that the ship embarks, by wave effect on a ramp, the oil and water in a dynamic decanting bunker playing the role of water / oil separator. In this hold, the oil, of lower density than water, floats on its surface maintained at constant level by a pumping unit of adequate capacity. The oil slick thickens continuously in the settling bunker. When it reaches a sufficient thickness predefined by a dynamic level control, a pumping assembly, disposed in the vicinity of the underside of the sheet and benefiting from the gravitational pressure thereof, starts and discharges it, through 'a partition wall, in a storage bunker. The dynamic oil / water separator is maintained at a level such that oil and water can be loaded continuously while the ship is advancing in the slick at a maximum speed of about six knots, thanks to the permanent maintenance of '' an adequate level of reception by means of a set of centrifugal pumps expelling the water outside while maintaining the upper level of the aquifer under the conditions required to continue loading oil and water. A maximum mass recovery yield can be obtained by skimming the oil slicks, preferably confined in a flexible dam equipped with a weighted skirt to avoid leakage from below by very heavy swells. It is in this case that it is advantageous that the vessel is equipped with a recovery system at the front and at the rear as well as two pairs of bow propellers at the front and at the aft so, at the end of the penetration stroke in the dam, to translate into the tablecloth, parallel to itself and its width, and to start in the opposite direction by skimming the tablecloth in its second dynamic decantation bunker, and so on until it is fully recovered.
Quand le volume de pétrole décanté dans la soute de stockage s'approche de sa limite de stockage, le navire de récupération va rejoindre le récepteur, cuve, tanker ou autre, dans lequel est très rapidement transféré le contenu de sa soute. Avantages du système selon l'invention :When the volume of oil decanted in the storage bunker approaches its storage limit, the recovery vessel will join the receiver, tank, tanker or other, into which the contents of its bunker are very quickly transferred. Advantages of the system according to the invention:
• Mode de récupération en masse extrêmement simple et rapide de la nappe sur une rampe fixe inclinée, d'une largeur pouvant aller jusqu'à plus de vingt mètres pour le plus grand modèle, à une vitesse variant selon la nature du produit récupéré, de 5 km/h pour le pétrole très lourd à plus de 10 km/h pour les pétroles plus légers.• Extremely simple and rapid mass recovery mode of the tablecloth on a fixed inclined ramp, with a width of up to more than twenty meters for the largest model, at a speed varying according to the nature of the product recovered, 5 km / h for very heavy oil to more than 10 km / h for lighter oils.
• Séparation du pétrole de l'eau de mer entièrement statique, par gravité au fur et à mesure qu'elle embarque dans sa soute de décantation., sans intervention mécanique et sans aucune pièces en mouvement, de ce fait, le système est très robuste et d'une très grande fiabilité et longévité. • Fonctionne avec ou sans barrage souple flottant de confinement de la nappe. Le barrage est conçu pour éviter que le pétrole ne s'échappe par dessous comme c'est le cas des barrages existants.• Separation of petroleum from seawater entirely static, by gravity as it embarks in its decantation bunker., Without mechanical intervention and without any moving parts, therefore, the system is very robust and of a very high reliability and longevity. • Operates with or without flexible floating dam for confining the water table. The dam is designed to prevent oil from escaping from below, as is the case with existing dams.
• Fonctionne jusqu'à des creux de 6 mètres.• Works up to 6 meter troughs.
• Réchauffe le pétrole lourd, par exemple comme celui de l'Erika, quand c'est nécessaire pour permettre son transfert immédiat ou différé par pompage en continu sur un navire pétrolier ou autre suivant à proximité.• Warms up heavy oil, such as that of the Erika, when necessary to allow its immediate or delayed transfer by continuous pumping to a nearby oil or other vessel.
• Modèles de taille adaptée pour la récupération des huiles ou autres dans les ports ou dans des centres de dégazage.• Models of suitable size for the recovery of oils or others in ports or in degassing centers.
Le système de récupération en masse de pétrole en nappe selon l'invention est décrit plus en détail dans le texte qui suit en référence aux dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatif dans lequels:The bulk oil recovery system according to the invention is described in more detail in the following text with reference to the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting examples in which:
• la figure 1 montre schématiquement un exemple, vu en coupe en élévation, d'un navire équipé, à l'avant et à l'arrière, d'un système de récupération en masse de pétrole en nappe selon l'invention; • la figure 2 montre schématiquement, en coupe vue de dessus, un exemple de moyens de propulsion et de manoeuvre du navire équipe du système selon l'invention;• Figure 1 schematically shows an example, seen in section in elevation, of a ship equipped, at the front and at the rear, with a mass recovery system of oil in oil according to the invention; • Figure 2 shows schematically, in section view from above, an example of means of propulsion and maneuvering of the vessel fitted with the system according to the invention;
• la figure 3 montre schématiquement, en coupe vue de dessus, un exemple de disposition des moyens de pompage des soutes de décantation;• Figure 3 shows schematically, in section view from above, an example of arrangement of the pumping means of the settling bunkers;
• la figure 4 montre schématiquement, en vue de dessus, un exemple de navire équipé du système selon l'invention, en action dans une nappe confinée partiellement dans un barrage souple;• Figure 4 shows schematically, in top view, an example of a ship equipped with the system according to the invention, in action in a sheet partially confined in a flexible dam;
• les figures 5 et 6 montrent schématiquement, vu en coupe transversale et vu en élévation, un exemple de barrage souple de confinement de la nappe de pétrole. Le navire spécial 1 de récupération en masse de pétrole en nappe représenté sur la figure 1 comporte, à l'avant et à l'arrière, deux soutes 2, 3 de décantation dynamique fermées sur le dessus par une paroi 4, 5 et séparées chacune par une paroi 6, 7 d'une soute de stockage• Figures 5 and 6 show schematically, seen in cross section and seen in elevation, an example of a flexible dam for confining the oil slick. The special vessel 1 for recovering the mass of oil in the form of a sheet shown in FIG. 1 comprises, at the front and at the rear, two dynamic settling tanks 2, 3 closed on the top by a wall 4, 5 and each separated by a wall 6, 7 of a storage bunker
8 du pétrole décanté dans laquelle se trouve un compartiment central de machinerie 9 avec ses réservoirs divers. Le navire 1 est spécialement agencé pour se déplacer rapidement à vitesse maximale en haute mer à environ vingt noeuds pour approcher la nappe de pétrole à récupérer, préalablement cernée ou non d'un barrage de confinement comportant des moyens évitant les fuites de pétrole par dessous comme décrit fig. 5 et 6. Le système de récupération comporte, à l'avant et à l'arrière, une rampe statique ou articulée 10, 11, plongeant dans la mer à une profondeur suffisante pour tenir compte de très fortes houles et dont l'extrémité supérieure 12 est solidaire de la soute de décantation dynamique 2, 3. Les rampes 10, 11 sont recouvertes d'une feuille souple et mince collée, en matériau favorisant le glissement des produits pétroliers. Le navire, en se déplaçant dans la nappe jusqu'à une vitesse d'environ 6 noeuds, embarque par effet de vague, par l'intermédiaire de sa rampe active 10 ou 11 selon le sens de son déplacement, sur laquelle glissent le pétrole de la nappe avec de l'eau dans la soute de décantation dynamique correspondante 2 ou 3. Cette soute 2, 3 joue le rôle de séparateur statique eaupétrole, dans laquelle la nappe de pétrole 13, de densité plus faible que celle de l'eau 14, s'épaissit en flottant sur sa surface 15. Le niveau 16 du dessus de la nappe 13 est maintenu toujours inférieur au niveau 17 de la mer, par un ensemble de pompage 18 de capacité adéquate constitué de deux groupes de trois pompes centrifuges par exemple de 5000 m3/h. Elles expulsent l'eau à l'extérieur de la soute 2, 3 pour que rembarquement de pétrole et d'eau puisse se faire en continu pendant que le navire avance dans la nappe à une vitesse maximale d'environ six noeuds. Dès que la nappe atteint une épaisseur suffisante située en dessous de la position en hauteur d'un groupe de pompes de transfert 19 disposée dans un passage étanche de la paroi de séparation 6, 7 , un moyen de contrôle dynamique de niveau, déclenche la mise en route desdites pompe 19. Cet ensemble de pompes 19 fonctionnent alors en continu tant que le niveau inférieur de la nappe 13 se situe en dessous au niveau requis pour leur bonne marche. Elles bénéficient de la pression gravitationnelle de la nappe et la refoule, au travers de la paroi de séparation 6, 7, dans la soute de stockage 8. On peut prévoir que les rampes 10 et 11 soient repliables hydrauliquement pendant le déplacement à vitesse maximale vers la nappe de pétrole, ou bien qu'un volet V referme l'accès d'embarquement de l'eau et du pétrole dans la soute de décantation. La figure 2 montre schématiquement, une coupe de la coque immergée vue de dessus au niveau des moyens de propulsion et de manoeuvre du navire équipé, à l'avant et à l'arrière, du système selon l'invention. Ses moyens de propulsion 25, 26 à deux paires d'hélices carénées 27,8 of decanted oil in which there is a central compartment of machinery 9 with its various tanks. The vessel 1 is specially designed to move rapidly at maximum speed on the high seas at around twenty knots to approach the oil slick to be recovered, whether or not previously surrounded by a containment dam comprising means preventing oil leaks from below as described fig. 5 and 6. The recovery system comprises, at the front and at the rear, a static or articulated ramp 10, 11, plunging into the sea to a depth sufficient to take into account very strong swells and whose upper end 12 is integral with the dynamic settling bay 2, 3. The ramps 10, 11 are covered with a flexible and thin sheet glued, in a material promoting the sliding of petroleum products. The ship, moving in the tablecloth up to a speed of about 6 knots, embarks by wave effect, via its active ramp 10 or 11 depending on the direction of its movement, on which the oil of the slick with water in the corresponding dynamic decantation bunker 2 or 3. This bunker 2, 3 acts as a static water-oil separator, in which the oil slick 13, of lower density than that of water 14 , thickens by floating on its surface 15. The level 16 of the top of the sheet 13 is always kept lower than the level 17 of the sea, by a pumping assembly 18 of adequate capacity consisting of two groups of three centrifugal pumps for example of 5000 m3 / h. They expel the water outside the hold 2, 3 so that oil and water can be loaded continuously while the ship is advancing in the slick at a maximum speed of about six knots. As soon as the sheet reaches a sufficient thickness situated below the height position of a group of transfer pumps 19 arranged in a sealed passage of the partition wall 6, 7, a dynamic level control means triggers the setting en route of said pump 19. This set of pumps 19 then operate continuously as long as the lower level of the ply 13 is below the level required for their proper operation. They benefit from the gravitational pressure of the sheet and pushes it, through the partition wall 6, 7, into the storage bunker 8. It is possible to provide that the ramps 10 and 11 are foldable hydraulically during the movement at maximum speed towards the oil slick, or a shutter V closes the boarding access for water and oil in the decantation bunker. FIG. 2 schematically shows a section of the submerged hull seen from above at the level of the propulsion and maneuvering means of the ship equipped, at the front and at the rear, with the system according to the invention. Its propulsion means 25, 26 with two pairs of faired propellers 27,
28, disposés latéralement de chaque côté de la coque 29, lui permettent de se déplacer indifféremment dans un sens ou dans l'autre dans la nappe à récupérer, préférablement lorsqu'elle est confinée dans un barrage souple. Le navire comporte en outre deux paires d'hélices d'étrave 30-31 et 32-33 disposées chacune au voisinage de l'avant et de l'arrière, lui permettant de se translater parallèlement à lui-même et de sa largeur dans la nappe avant de repartir en sens inverse dans la nappe comme il sera montré figure 4. Les navires selon l'invention qui opèrent sans barrage flottant, ne dispose que d'une simple motorisation pour se déplacer dans un seul sens et ne comportent qu'une paire d'hélices d'étrave car ils écrément la nappe plutôt en tournant en spirale autour de celle-ci la figure 3 montre schématiquement, en coupe vue de dessus, un exemple de disposition des moyens de pompage des soutes de décantation 2 et 3 de la figure 1. Les pompes de transfert 19 sont montées au travers des parois de séparation 6, 7 entre les soutes de décantation et la soute de stockage 8. Les deux groupes de pompes 18 sont montés contre les parois correspondantes du navire pour refouler l'eau hors des soutes de décantation en maintenant le niveau 16 de la nappe de pétrole en dessous de celui de la mer. La soute 8 de stockage du pétrole récupéré et décanté, est équipée de moyens de chauffage, par exemple à vapeur, pour permettre de le transférer dans un récepteur ancré à proximité de la nappe.28, arranged laterally on each side of the shell 29, allow it to move indifferently in one direction or the other in the sheet to be recovered, preferably when it is confined in a flexible dam. The vessel also comprises two pairs of bow propellers 30-31 and 32-33 each arranged in the vicinity of the bow and stern, allowing it to translate parallel to itself and its width in the tablecloth before leaving in the opposite direction in the tablecloth as will be shown in Figure 4. The ships according to the invention which operate without a floating boom, has only a simple motorization to move in one direction and have only one pair of bow propellers because they limit the tablecloth rather by turning in a spiral around it FIG. 3 shows schematically, in section seen from above, an example of arrangement of the means for pumping the settling bunkers 2 and 3 of Figure 1. The transfer pumps 19 are mounted through the partition walls 6, 7 between the settling bunkers and the storage bunker 8. The two pump groups 18 are mounted against the corresponding walls of the ship to push the water out of so decantation utes by maintaining the level 16 of the oil table below that of the sea. The bunker 8 for storing the recovered and decanted oil is equipped with heating means, for example steam, to allow it to be transferred to a receiver anchored near the water table.
La figure 4 montre schématiquement, en vue de dessus, un exemple de navire 1 équipé du système selon l'invention, en action dans une nappe 40 confinée partiellement dans un barrage souple flottant 41 tracté par deux navires 42, 43 empêchant la nappe de dériver au vent 44 de façon à continuer à recevoir et accumuler le pétrole s'échappant du navire pétrolier naufragé. Le navire 1, équipé latéralement de volets escamotables 45, 46, à l'avant et à l'arrière, déploie ses volets avant au moyen d'une commande hydraulique et pénètre dans la nappe à une vitesse de 5 à 6 noeuds, jusqu'au voisinage du barrage où il s'arrête ayant ouvert un chenal 48 dans la nappe. Au moyen de ses propulseurs d'étrave correspondants et après avoir escamoté ses volets avant, il se déplace latéralement de sa largeur plus une partie de celle des volets arrières 45, 46 qu'il déploie, puis ouvre un chenal 49 parallèle au premier en marche arrière jusqu'à la fin de la nappe et recommence jusqu'à ce que sa soute de stockage de pétrole décanté soit pleine. Il se dirige alors vers le récepteur, cuve, tanker ou autre, dans lequel est transférée le contenu de sa soute et il reprend ensuite ses manoeuvres de récupération de la nappe jusqu'à épuisement de celle-ci. La partie résiduelle de la nappe est récupérée à vue après retrait du barrage 41. les figures 5 et 6 montrent schématiquement, vu en coupe transversale et vu en élévation, un exemple de barrage souple de confinement de la nappe de pétrole de la figure 4. Ce barrage est constitué d'éléments 50, 51, en tissu étanche à l'eau et résistant aux hydrocarbures, en forme de chapelet de boudins gonflables à basse pression, séparés en 53, fixés entre eux de façon étanche et comportant, solidarisée en dessous également de façon étanche à l'eau de mer, une jupe souple 54 légèrement plissée et lestée permettant de suivre tous les mouvements du barrage en maintenant en permanence son étanchéité avec la mer même avec des creux très importants. Le lestage, maintenant la jupe verticale, peut être effectué au moyen de petites masselottes 55, par exemple en plomb, fixés à la partie inférieure de la jupe selon un pas régulier. Pour permettre le déploiement du barrage autour des nappes de pétrole, on a prévu un câble de traction et de manoeuvres 56 disposé dans des passants au niveau du raccord de la jupe sur les boudins. Ce câble est solidarisé au barrage à l'endroit des séparations 53 et de place en place sur chaque élément de façon à éviter que la traction s'effectue sur le barrage, mais se ulement sur le câble.FIG. 4 schematically shows, in top view, an example of a ship 1 equipped with the system according to the invention, in action in a sheet 40 partially confined in a flexible floating dam 41 towed by two ships 42, 43 preventing the sheet from drifting to the wind 44 so as to continue to receive and accumulate the oil escaping from the wrecked tanker. The vessel 1, equipped laterally with retractable flaps 45, 46, at the front and at the rear, deploys its front flaps by means of a hydraulic control and enters the sheet at a speed of 5 to 6 knots, up to near the dam where it stops having opened a channel 48 in the water table. By means of its corresponding bow thrusters and after having retracted its front flaps, it moves laterally of its width plus part of that of the rear flaps 45, 46 which it deploys, then opens a channel 49 parallel to the first in operation back to the end of the slick and repeat until its decanted oil storage bunker is full. He then goes to the receiver, tank, tanker or other, into which the contents of his hold are transferred and he then resumes his operations of recovering the water table until it is exhausted. The residual part of the slick is recovered on sight after removal of the dam 41. FIGS. 5 and 6 schematically show, seen in cross section and seen in elevation, an example of a flexible dam for confining the oil slick of FIG. 4. This dam is made up of elements 50, 51, made of waterproof fabric and resistant to hydrocarbons, in the form of a string of low-pressure inflatable tubes, separated at 53, fixed together in a sealed manner and comprising, secured below also in a seawater tight manner, a flexible skirt 54 slightly pleated and weighted making it possible to follow all the movements of the dam while permanently maintaining its seal with the sea even with very large hollows. Ballasting, maintaining the vertical skirt, can be carried out by means of small weights 55, for example made of lead, fixed to the lower part of the skirt in a regular pitch. To allow the deployment of the dam around the oil slicks, a traction and maneuvering cable 56 is provided, arranged in passers-by at the connection of the skirt on the tubes. This cable is secured to the dam at the location of the partitions 53 and from place to place on each element so as to prevent traction being effected on the dam, but only on the cable.
Le système de correction d'assiette et de ballasts, ainsi que le système de chauffage du pétrole pour son transfert, étant bien connus de l'homme de l'art, n'ont pas été décrits. A titre d'exemple les caractéristiques d'un navire selon l'invention, écrémant en valeur moyenne à 5 noeuds sont les suivantes: largeur de ramassage de 15 mètres ; épaisseur de nappe de 0,5 centimètres ; capacité correspondante d'écrémage d'environ 15.000 m3 par 24 heures ; propulsion assurée par deux moteurs diesel de 4.000 kw ; manoeuvres dans la nappe assurées par quatre propulseurs d'étrave de 2000 kw ; capacité de stockage de pétrole décanté 6000 tonnes ; vitesse de croisière 20 noeuds ; vitesse d'écrémage jusqu'à 6 noeuds. The trim and ballast correction system, as well as the oil heating system for its transfer, being well known to those skilled in the art, have not been described. By way of example, the characteristics of a vessel according to the invention, skimming at an average value of 5 knots are as follows: collection width of 15 meters; tablecloth thickness of 0.5 cm; corresponding skimming capacity of approximately 15,000 m3 per 24 hours; propulsion provided by two 4,000 kW diesel engines; maneuvers in the water table provided by four 2000 kw bow thrusters; storage capacity of decanted oil 6,000 tonnes; cruising speed 20 knots; skimming speed up to 6 knots.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS :CLAIMS:
1) Système de récupération en masse de produits pétroliers caractérisé en ce qu'il est installé sur un navire (1) spécialement agencé pour se déplacer rapidement à vitesse maximale en haute mer pour approcher la nappe de pétrole à récupérer, en ce que le système de récupération est constitué d'une rampe statique (10, 11), de toute la largeur de l'avant du navire (fig.3), dont rextrémité inférieure plonge dans la mer à une profondeur suffisante pour tenir compte de très fortes houles et dont l'extrémité supérieure (12) se trouve très au- dessus du niveau de la mer et est solidaire d'une soute de décantation dynamique (2,3) fermée au-dessus par une paroi (4, 5); en ce que ledit système est agencé pour que le navire embarque, par effet de vague sur sa rampe (10, 11), le pétrole et de l'eau dans sa soute (2, 3) jouant le rôle de séparateur statique eau/pétrole, dans laquelle la nappe de pétrole (13), de densité plus faible que celle de l'eau embarquée (14), flotte sur elle en s'épaississant au- dessus de sa surface (15), en ce que le niveau supérieur (16) de la nappe est maintenu toujours inférieur au niveau (17) de la mer, par un ensemble de pompes centrifuge (18) de capacité adéquate, expulsant à la mer l'eau (14) pour continuer à permettre rembarquement de pétrole et d'eau, lorsque le niveau inférieur de la nappe (13) descend en-dessous des pompes (19), bénéficiant de la pression gravitationnelle de la nappe, celles-ci se mettent en marche et la refoule, au travers d'une paroi de séparation (6, 7), dans une soute de stockage (8) de pétrole décanté, pendant que le navire avance dans la nappe à une vitesse maximale d'environ six noeuds.1) Mass recovery system for petroleum products characterized in that it is installed on a ship (1) specially designed to move rapidly at maximum speed on the high seas to approach the oil slick to be recovered, in that the system recovery consists of a static ramp (10, 11), the full width of the bow of the ship (fig. 3), the lower end of which dives into the sea at a depth sufficient to take account of very heavy swells and the upper end (12) of which is very much above sea level and is integral with a dynamic sedimentation bay (2,3) closed above by a wall (4, 5); in that said system is arranged so that the ship embarks, by wave effect on its ramp (10, 11), oil and water in its hold (2, 3) playing the role of static water / oil separator , in which the oil slick (13), of lower density than that of the onboard water (14), floats on it, thickening above its surface (15), in that the upper level ( 16) of the water table is always kept below sea level (17), by a set of centrifugal pumps (18) of adequate capacity, expelling water (14) into the sea to continue to allow oil and d 'water, when the lower level of the water table (13) drops below the pumps (19), benefiting from the gravitational pressure of the water table, these start up and discharge it, through a wall of separation (6, 7), in a storage tank (8) of decanted oil, while the ship is advancing in the slick at a maximum speed of about six knots.
2) Système de récupération en masse de produits pétroliers selon la revendication 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que en ce que le navire comporte en outre deux paires d'hélices d'étrave (30, 31-32, 33) lui permettant de se déplacer parallèlement à lui-même et de sa largeur dans la nappe avant de repartir en sens inverse. 3) Système de récupération en masse de produits pétroliers selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la soute (8) de stokage du pétrole décanté est équipée de moyens de réchauffage à la vapeur dudit pétrole pour le transférer dans un récepteur ancré à proximité de la nappe.2) Mass recovery system for petroleum products according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that in that the ship also comprises two pairs of bow propellers (30, 31-32, 33) allowing it to move parallel to itself and its width in the tablecloth before leaving in the opposite direction. 3) Mass recovery system for petroleum products according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the hold (8) for storing decanted petroleum is equipped with means for steam heating of said petroleum to transfer it to a receiver anchored to near the tablecloth.
4) Système de récupération en masse de produits pétroliers selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la rampe (10, 11) est recouverte d'une feuille souple et mince collée, en matériau favorisa t le glissement des pr duit pétroliers sur ladite rampe4) Mass recovery system for petroleum products according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ramp (10, 11) is covered with a flexible and thin glued sheet, made of material favora t the sliding of the p r duit p strangers on said ramp
5) Système de récupération en masse de produits pétroliers selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la rampes (10, 11) d'embarquement du pétrole et de l'eau est soit articulée pour pivoter et se fermer vers le haut, soit fixe et équipée d'un volet articulé horizontalement (fig.l) rabattu sur la rampe pour écarter les vagues lors du déplacement rapide du navire vers la nappe à récupérer.5) Mass recovery system of petroleum products according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ramps (10, 11) for loading oil and water is either hinged to pivot and close up, either fixed and fitted with a horizontally hinged flap (fig.l) folded over the ramp to ward off the waves during the rapid movement of the ship towards the tablecloth to be recovered.
6) Système de récupération en masse de produits pétroïïers dans lequel un barrage souple (41) 5 destiné à cerner partiellement et à confiner les nappes de pétrole dérivante, est constitué d'éléments (50, 51) en forme chapelet de boudins (52) en matériau souple, gonflé d'air à basse pression, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en dessous, soïïdarisée de façon étanche, une jupe (54) légèrement plissée dont la base est lestée à un pas régulier avec de petite masselottes (55) destinées à la maintenir verticale quels que soit les mouvement de la mer, 0 en ce qu'un câble de manoeuvre (56) est soïïdarisé à l'ensemble au raccord entre la jupe et les boudins.6) Mass recovery system for oil products in which a flexible dam (41) 5 intended to partially encircle and confine the drifting oil slicks, is made up of elements (50, 51) in the form of strand beads (52) made of flexible material, inflated with low pressure air, characterized in that it has a watertight underside underneath it, a slightly pleated skirt (54), the base of which is weighted at a regular pace with small weights (55) intended to keep it vertical whatever the movement of the sea, 0 in that an operating cable (56) is connected to the assembly at the connection between the skirt and the tubes.
7) Système de récupération en masse de produits pétroïïers selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le navire (1) est équipé latéralement, de volets escamotables (45, 46), augmentant la largeur d'écrémage, manoeuvres au moyen d'une 5 commande hydrauïïque.7) Mass recovery system for oil products according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vessel (1) is fitted laterally, retractable flaps (45, 46), increasing the skimming width, maneuvers by means of a 5 hydraulic control.
8) Système de récupération en niasse de produits pétroïïers selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est agencé sur un petit navire pour la récupération des rejets dans les ports.8) A recovery system in mass of oil products according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged on a small vessel for the recovery of discharges in ports.
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EP01921502A 2001-04-06 2001-04-06 System for the mass recovery of slicks of spilt petroleum products floating on the sea following shipping incidents Withdrawn EP1379431A1 (en)

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FR2850121B1 (en) 2003-01-20 2005-03-11 Dominique Remy DEVICE AND METHOD FOR RECOVERING PETROLEUM
CN107558456B (en) * 2017-08-18 2023-02-03 重庆交通大学 Foldable device for timely recovery of petroleum leakage
CN108262176A (en) * 2018-01-19 2018-07-10 北京石油化工学院 Oil skimming MARINE DYNAMIC low sheraing whizzer
CN109444019B (en) * 2018-11-19 2021-09-17 浙江海洋大学 Inclined water-sealed oil-sludge migration simulation device for bottom deposition of petroleum cavern
CN110306506B (en) * 2019-05-15 2021-05-28 绍兴柯桥精良机械有限公司 Offshore crude oil leakage treatment equipment

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WO2002081299A1 (en) 2002-10-17

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