EP1369836B1 - Brandmelder sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brandmelders - Google Patents
Brandmelder sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brandmelders Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1369836B1 EP1369836B1 EP02010414A EP02010414A EP1369836B1 EP 1369836 B1 EP1369836 B1 EP 1369836B1 EP 02010414 A EP02010414 A EP 02010414A EP 02010414 A EP02010414 A EP 02010414A EP 1369836 B1 EP1369836 B1 EP 1369836B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- control
- control loop
- unit
- loop
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
- G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
- G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hazard detector for detection of fire and smoke, according to the scattered light principle is working.
- the invention is concerned also with a method for operating such Fire detector.
- Hazard detectors of the above type have a Measuring volume, which is usually through a measuring chamber shielded against light from the outside. there the extraneous light is held by a labyrinth, it is a medium surrounding the measuring chamber For example, smoke still allows to enter the measuring chamber penetrate.
- this measuring chamber are ever a transmitter and receiver arranged for radiation so that they have no direct visual contact and no radiation emitted by the transmitter directly on meets the recipient.
- the emitted radiation from the transmitter is not only on Smoke scattered, which is located in the measuring chamber, but also reflected at the Meßscheuerletonn.
- the basic signal is on the one hand desirable to the function of On the other hand, it limits the detection possibilities strong. To already low smoke concentrations must detect the signal supplied by the receiver be greatly strengthened. With high gain, the work area, the evaluation circuit following the amplifier stage already fully stressed by the basic signal which signal increases are no longer detected and smoke detection is no longer possible is. Accordingly, the basic signal is an obstacle for the Detecting low smoke densities dar. Nevertheless, smoke detectors with high sensitivity required for applications in which smoke, even if it is heavily diluted, still recognized can be, as it is e.g. in ventilation ducts or smoke aspiration systems the case is.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, a fire detector and a method of operating a fire detector of to provide the aforementioned type, with their help also strongly diluted aerosols can be detected reliably.
- the fire detector according to the invention has a transmitter, the Radiation emits into a measuring volume within a measuring chamber. Radiation at the measuring chamber walls or at, in the measuring volume scattered particles meets one Receiving device, the received radiation into an electrical Convert signal and output at its output.
- the output of the receiving device is with a control loop connected, wherein the output from the receiving device Signal superimposed with an artificially generated signal becomes.
- the control loop itself consists of a control device, an actuator and connecting lines.
- the control device outputs a manipulated variable, which is used as a superposition signal, from.
- the exit the control device is connected to a first input of the actuator connected.
- a second input of the actuator is connected to the output of the receiving device.
- the exit of the actuator at which the actual value of the control loop is with an alarm evaluation device and the input connected to the control device, whereby a fire is detected, by the actual value of the control loop with an alarm threshold is compared.
- To detect a fire at the actual value of the Control circuit which is the control device designed so that a tracking of the manipulated variable on the one hand only very is carried out slowly and for another only then performed will, if either with very high probability There is no smoke in the measuring chamber, or the temperature has changed.
- the control device points at your entrance each one resettable minimum value and maximum value memory and means for determining an average, which in the following is called averaging pictures.
- the exit of the averaging image is with a first reference junction connected, at which the deviation as a difference between Setpoint and mean value of the actual value is determined.
- the exit the first reference junction is with a proportional element connected, in which the control deviation with a factor k is multiplied and so a first correction value for the Regulation is formed.
- the output of the proportional element is with a first input of a first comparator and with a first input of a first signal selector switch connected.
- the second inputs of the first comparator and the first Signal selector are with a second maximum correction value connected.
- the output of the first comparator is connected to the control input of the first signal selector switch.
- the second maximum correction value becomes compared with the first correction value and depending on the result the comparison of the smaller of the two correction values switched from the first signal selector switch to its output.
- the output of the first signal selector switch is with the connected to the first input of an addition point.
- On the second Input of the addition point is the old control value of the control loop.
- the old control value and the correction value will be summed in the summation point to a new control value, the is ready at the output of the addition point.
- the output of the Summer is connected to a first input of a second signal selector switch connected.
- the temperature-compensated old Control value of the control loop At the second entrance of the second Signal selector switch is the temperature-compensated old Control value of the control loop. Depending on the signal at Control input of the second signal selector switch is the new control value or the old, but temperature-compensated Control value, of the control loop connected to the output. Of the Output of the second signal selection switch is connected to a signal holding member connected to the one adjacent to its entrance Stores value, and returns at its output. Of the Output of the signal holding member is connected to the first input of Actuator, with the second input of the summer and the Input of the temperature compensation device connected. The Output signal of the temperature compensation device is, as already mentioned, at the second input of the second signal selection switch at.
- the control input of the second signal selector switch is with the output of a second comparator connected, which is the difference of the minimum and maximum actual value compares with a given window value.
- a second comparator connected, which is the difference of the minimum and maximum actual value compares with a given window value.
- To is a first input of the second comparator with a Memory for the window value and a second input with a Connected second reference point whose first input with the output of the maximum value memory and the second one Input connected to the output of the minimum value memory is.
- the method of the invention is that of the receiving unit delivered signal even before the final reinforcement superimposed with a beat signal that the Amount after something less than the amount of the basic signal Receiving unit is and the opposite sign wearing.
- the basic signal is the smoke-independent, quasi-static Signal component of the receiving unit.
- the beat signal depending on the output from the receiving unit Basic signal generated.
- the signal supplied by the receiving unit becomes, for example in the actuator of a control circuit with the manipulated value of Control loop superimposed so that the control value of the received signal is deducted.
- the difference between the two signals is so strongly amplifies that signal fluctuations are easily detected can.
- the signal formed in this way on the one hand the actual value of the control loop, on the other hand it becomes used for alarm evaluation, by using a predetermined Alarm threshold is compared. Since the actual value is in one Control loop but usually kept largely constant Usually, the actual value can never be the alarm threshold to reach.
- control device ensures that the control value (overlay signal) is only tracked when dealing with very high probability no smoke is in the measuring chamber and that the tracking of the control value is slower, as it is for balancing one by the appearance of smoke expected signal increase would be necessary.
- the tracking of the control value to a maximum Nach216wert limited, the tracking only after averaging over several measurements the actual value is carried out.
- the difference from the largest and smallest actual value of a series of measurements with a Window value compared. If the difference is the window value exceeds, the tracking of the control value is interrupted. If the tracking of the actual value is interrupted is, but can continue to adapt the control value a temperature change take place.
- the invention is based on the finding that the a radiation reflected at the walls of the measuring chamber a substantially consistent, only over a long time Periods very slowly changing basic signal delivers and in short time intervals measurements only due to Signal Noise deliver different levels. These measurements have a certain characteristic scattering.
- the smoke to be detected consists of small ones constantly moving particles. On these particles scattered and impinging on a receiver radiation causes a signal that is much wider scattering values has, as the basic signal at smokeless measuring chamber. Consequently can be based on the scattering of individual measured values, or the Difference between highest and lowest value of a series of measurements a first indication of the existence of smoke can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows the signal processing unit (10).
- the receiving unit (1) receives at Meßschippon and smoke or other aerosols scattered radiation and converts them into an electrical signal at the output of the receiving unit (1) can be tapped.
- the output of the receiving unit (1) is connected to the second input of the actuator (2) of the control loop (5) connected.
- the first input of the actuator (2) is connected to the output of the control device (4), where the manipulated variable is provided. Be in the actuator the manipulated variable and the signal from the receiving unit (2) superimposed on each other. The difference between the two signals is amplified and so at the output of the actuator (2) as the actual value of the Closed loop (5) delivered.
- the output of the actuator (2) is connected to the input of the alarm evaluation device (3) and the Input of the control device (4) connected.
- the alarm evaluation device (3) works the same way as it does from conventional Stray light fire detectors is known, e.g. through the simple comparison of the signal applied to its input with an alarm threshold, while the control device largely only basic signal - compensates
- the control device (4) at its entrance a Minimum value memory (6), a maximum value memory (7) and a mean value image (8).
- the reference junction (9) is the, from the measured values of a measuring cycle of, for example 8 measurements formed average, with the setpoint (11) of the control loop (5) compared, and determines the deviation.
- the control deviation is determined in the proportional element (12) multiplied by a factor and thereby a first tracking value determined for the manipulated variable.
- This tracking value is the first input of the signal selection circuit (13) and supplied to the comparator (14).
- the comparator (14) are the first tracking value and the maximum tracking value (15) with each other compared.
- the comparator (14) then controls the Signal selector switch (13) so that the smaller of the two Tracking values to the addition point (16) is switched through.
- the new manipulated variable is only activated by the signal selection switch (17) then to the signal-holding member (18) and thus to the actuator (2) when the comparison in the comparator (19) result has that in the comparison point (20) formed difference from the maximum value stored in the maximum value memory (7) and minimum value stored in the minimum value memory (6) a measuring cycle, smaller than the window value (21) is.
- FIG. 3 shows a preferred exemplary embodiment.
- a further comparator (23) in the Control device (4) is inserted, the actual value with the half alarm threshold compares, and its output signal with the output signal of the comparator (19) in the OR element (24) is decoded.
- the output of the OR gate (24) now controls the signal selection switch (17), so that in addition then, if the actual value is a predetermined threshold, in the example the half alarm threshold reached, the control is frozen.
- the input signal for the alarm evaluation unit (3) here at the output of the mean value image (8) in the control unit (5) tapped.
- a control unit (5) in a fire detector according to the invention can for example be realized in an ASIC, or also in the form of suitable software in a microprocessor implemented, including the alarm evaluation unit (3) be realized in the same microprocessor or ASIC can.
- the control unit (4) when using a processor or digital ASIC Analogue to digital converter or digital to analogue converter provided.
- the invention relates to a fire detector the Steilichtkar and a method for its operation, in a signal is superimposed on the received signal, to allow a high signal amplification.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein vereinfachtes Blockschaltbild der Signalverarbeitung eines erfindungsgemäßen Brandmelders,
- Fig. 2
- ein Blockschaltbild der Signalverarbeitung eines erfindungsgemäßen Brandmelders mit Darstellung der Regeleinrichtung, und
- Fig. 3
- eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Signalverarbeitung eines erfindungsgemäßen Brandmelders.
Claims (12)
- Brandmelder mit einer Meßkammer, einem Sender und einer Signalverarbeitungseinheit (10) mit einer Empfangseinheit (1) zum Empfang von vom Sender abgegebener und an Rauch oder anderen Aerosolen gestreuter Strahlung und einer Alarmauswerteeinheit (3), wobei die Signalverarbeitungseinheit (10) einen Regelkreis (5) mit einer Regelungseinheit (4) enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Istwert des Regelkreises der Überlagerung durch Addition bzw. Subtraktion der Stellgröße des Regelkreises (5) mit dem Ausgangssignal der Empfangseinheit (1) entspricht.
- Brandmelder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eingang der Alarmauswerteeinheit (3) mit dem Istwert des Regelkreises (5) verbunden ist.
- Brandmelder nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelungseinheit (4) Mittel enthält, die die Nachführung der Regelung verlangsamen und/oder beschränken.
- Brandmelder nach einem oder mehreren der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelungseinheit (4) Mittel enthält, die die Nachführung der Regelung, durch den vergleich von absoluten oder aus Größen des Regelkreises statistisch ermittelten Werten mit vorgegebenen Grenzen, unterbrechen können.
- Brandmelder nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur Unterbrechung der Regelung die Regelung unterbrechen, wenn die Differenz aus maximalem und minimalem Istwert einer Meßreihe einen Fensterwert überschritten hat.
- verfahren zum Betrieb eines gemäß zumindest einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 ausgestalteten Brandmelders mit einer Meßkammer, einem Sender und einer Signalverarbeitungseinheit (10) mit einer Empfangseinheit (1) zum Empfang von vom Sender abgegebener und an Rauch oder anderen Aerosolen gestreuter Strahlung und einer Alarmauswerteeinheit (3), wobei die Signalverarbeitungseinheit (10) einen Regelkreis (5) mit einer Regelungseinheit (4) enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das von der Empfangseinheit (1) abgegebene Signal, bevor es der Alarmauswertereinheit (3) zugeführt wird, mit der Stellgröße des Regelkreises (5) additiv bzw. subtraktiv überlagert wird, und daß aus der Überlagerung der Istwert des Regelkreises (5) entsteht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Höhe des Überlagerungssignals in Abhängigkeit der Höhe des durch das Grundsignal gebildeten Gleichanteils im von der Empfangseinheit (1) abgegebenen Signal bestimmt wird.
- Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 6 und/oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Überlagerungssignal als Stellgröße eines Regelkreis(5) gebildet wird.
- Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brandmelders, gemäß zumindest einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, mit einer Meßkammer, einem Sender und einer Signalverarbeitungseinheit (10) mit einer Empfangseinheit (1) zum Empfang von vom Sender abgegebener und an Rauch oder anderen Aerosolen gestreuter Strahlung und einer Alarmauswerteeinheit (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Alarm anhand des Istwertes eines Regelkreises bestimmt wird, wobei der Istwert des Regelkreises aus der additiven bzw. subtraktiven Überlagerung des Ausgangssignales des Empfängers (1) mit der Stellgröße des Regelkreises gebildet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelung im Regelkreis (5) so verlangsamt und beschränkt wird, daß die Regeleinheit einen durch Rauch bedingten Istwertanstieg des Regelkreises nicht mehr ausregeln kann.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nachführung der Regelung unterbrochen wird, wenn aus Größen des Regelkreises (5) statistisch ermittelte oder absolute Werte vorgegebene Grenzwerte überschreiten.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nachführung der Regelung unterbrochen wird, wenn die Differenz aus maximalem und minimalem Istwert einer Meßreihe einen Fensterwert überschreitet.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02010414A EP1369836B1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-05-08 | Brandmelder sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brandmelders |
ES02010414T ES2254552T3 (es) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-05-08 | Detector de incendio y procedimiento de funcionamiento del mismo. |
AT02010414T ATE313836T1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-05-08 | Brandmelder sowie verfahren zum betrieb eines brandmelders |
DK02010414T DK1369836T3 (da) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-05-08 | Brandalarm og fremgangsmåde til drift af en brandalarm |
DE50205343T DE50205343D1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-05-08 | Brandmelder sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brandmelders |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02010414A EP1369836B1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-05-08 | Brandmelder sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brandmelders |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1369836A1 EP1369836A1 (de) | 2003-12-10 |
EP1369836B1 true EP1369836B1 (de) | 2005-12-21 |
Family
ID=29433073
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02010414A Expired - Lifetime EP1369836B1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-05-08 | Brandmelder sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brandmelders |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1369836B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE313836T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50205343D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1369836T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2254552T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11568730B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2023-01-31 | Carrier Corporation | Compensator in a detector device |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4225791A (en) * | 1979-03-01 | 1980-09-30 | Honeywell Inc. | Optical smoke detector circuit |
DE3127324A1 (de) * | 1981-07-10 | 1983-01-27 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren und anordnung zur erhoehung der ansprechempfindlichkeit und der stoersicherheit in einer gefahren-, insbesondere brandmeldeanlage |
US5523743A (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 1996-06-04 | Digital Security Controls Ltd. | Self-diagnostic smoke detector |
IES20000884A2 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-16 | E I Technology Ltd | A smoke alarm device |
-
2002
- 2002-05-08 EP EP02010414A patent/EP1369836B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-08 DE DE50205343T patent/DE50205343D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-08 DK DK02010414T patent/DK1369836T3/da active
- 2002-05-08 ES ES02010414T patent/ES2254552T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-08 AT AT02010414T patent/ATE313836T1/de active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2254552T3 (es) | 2006-06-16 |
DE50205343D1 (de) | 2006-01-26 |
DK1369836T3 (da) | 2006-05-01 |
ATE313836T1 (de) | 2006-01-15 |
EP1369836A1 (de) | 2003-12-10 |
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