EP1369540B1 - Building panel and use thereof - Google Patents

Building panel and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1369540B1
EP1369540B1 EP03011799A EP03011799A EP1369540B1 EP 1369540 B1 EP1369540 B1 EP 1369540B1 EP 03011799 A EP03011799 A EP 03011799A EP 03011799 A EP03011799 A EP 03011799A EP 1369540 B1 EP1369540 B1 EP 1369540B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
use according
mineral
filled
hardened material
construction panel
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EP03011799A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1369540A2 (en
EP1369540A3 (en
Inventor
Thomas Eisenbeiss
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Knauf Insulation GmbH Austria
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Heraklith AG
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Priority to SI200330553T priority Critical patent/SI1369540T1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
    • E04B1/90—Insulating elements for both heat and sound slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered
    • E04B2001/8471—Solid slabs or blocks layered with non-planar interior transition surfaces between layers, e.g. faceted, corrugated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building board with a layer of at least partially interconnected mineral fibers and an open pore structure between the mineral fibers and their use.
  • Such a building board is known from DE 41 19 353 C1.
  • the open pore volume of this mineral wool plate is at least partially filled with microfine processed cement. So the cement is introduced relatively far into the building board.
  • the corresponding surface layer should have a good affinity to mortars, plasters and adhesives, for example when glued to house walls.
  • a generic building board may be a pure mineral fiber board as well as a composite building board in which a layer of mineral fibers.
  • the mineral fibers after their recovery from a melt, treated with admixture of a binder to a primary / secondary non-woven, then compacted, cured in an oven and then cut to the desired level. The cutting can also be done before curing.
  • mineral fiber building boards are known, which are referred to as so-called lamellar plates in which individual Slats were joined together to form a building board.
  • structural panel all of these known components, regardless of the orientation (orientation) of the fibers, are subsumed under the term "structural panel" according to the invention. This also applies to the outer geometry. Usually, a building board will have two planar, mutually parallel surfaces; but there are also applications where this can be different. For example, a building board could also have a trapezoidal cross-section or grooved or grooved on a main surface. In the latter case, the term “main surface” is understood below to mean the corresponding surface area of the component.
  • All components have in common that exist between the mineral fibers cavities that form an open pore framework. This is between 10 and 90 vol .-%, usually 50 to 90 vol .-%, but can also amount to more than 90% of the total volume of the building board.
  • the compressive strength of a building board depends, among other things, on the bulk density, but also on the fiber orientation.
  • Said lamellar plate, in which the fibers are substantially perpendicular to the main surfaces, has a substantially higher compressive strength compared to a mineral fiber mat / mineral fiber plate, in which the fibers are substantially parallel to the Main surfaces or irregular.
  • the compressive strength in particular in terms of walkability or trafficability, is often insufficient.
  • the invention seeks to remedy the situation and offer a building board, which has an improved accessibility.
  • the invention takes a completely different approach, based on the following considerations:
  • the existing open pore volume between the mineral fibers in a section below (adjacent) a major surface is changed to provide (relatively) larger cavities by appropriate mechanical perforation.
  • These cavities are at least partially filled with a thermosetting material.
  • the perforation also makes it easier to bring in the aforementioned filling material.
  • the corresponding "filled layer" can be very thin, for example, only a few millimeters, especially when the individual filled cavities (islands) are close to each other, so have only a small distance from each other.
  • the invention relates to a building board with the features of claim 1.
  • the filled volume fraction depends essentially on the size and shape of the filled pores (cavities). If, for example, the filled cavities have a conical shape, with the largest cross section lying in the area of the main surface, it becomes clear that the total degree of filling of the pore volume is> 50% by volume if the individual depressions are arranged at a distance from one another are. Precisely because of the conical form mentioned, however, a particularly favorable increase in compressive strength results, because in the immediate region of the main surface the proportion of filler material to mineral fibers can be well over 50% and thus a high proportion of the directly mechanically acted surface is stabilized by the hardened material ,
  • This monolithic cured material may be an inorganic material, for example a SiO 2 based material. Specifically, it may be a cured silica gel. Also conceivable are other inorganic materials such as gypsum, fine mortar or the like.
  • the bulk density of the mineral fiber layer not yet filled with the material may be, for example, between 80 and 100 kg / m 3 , according to one embodiment> 125 kg / m 3 , but also> 150 kg / m 3 . Values up to 200 kg / m 3 and above are possible.
  • the said section usually has a thickness of between 0.5 and 10% of the total thickness of the mineral fiber layer.
  • the absolute thickness can be, for example, between 1 and 15 mm, for example between 1 to 10 mm or between 2 and 7 mm.
  • the bulk density of the filled with the monolithic cured material portion is, depending on the filler, for example, between 100 and 400 kg / m 3 , the partial surface load, for example, between 0.15 and 0.25 N / mm 2 .
  • Raw density, compressive strength and partial surface load in this application are always determined in accordance with DIN 18165-1 and DIN EN 13162.
  • the first part of the step deliberately discreet depressions are introduced into the mineral fiber layer, for example, pressed or pressed. This inevitably leads to a compression (increase in density) in the peripheral region of the wells. This is not only harmless, but even advantageous, because the subsequently supplied filler material is now less able to penetrate into the areas between the mechanically introduced recesses / can.
  • the material can either be filled into the depressions in a targeted manner or pressed in, for example, via a roller, the filler generally only penetrating into the remaining pores between the mineral fibers in the regions between the depressions in a completely subordinate proportion, especially when the material is applied with a more pasty consistency. As far as material also penetrates into the areas between the depressions this is harmless as long as according to the invention takes place only a partial backfilling.
  • the said tool for introducing the depressions may for example consist of a roller, from whose surface spikes protrude (for example, with a conical geometry, so that the depressed into the surface depressions are conical, with the tip inside the mineral fiber layer and the largest cross section in the area of the main surface.
  • the maximum cone diameter is for example 1 to 3 mm, the length 3 to 7 mm. Easily 10 to 20 spikes per square centimeter can be arranged to form a dense network of wells in the surface.
  • the compressive stress of the finished building board should be at least 60 kN / m 2 at 10% compression (in accordance with DIN 18165-1).
  • the invention also includes the following use of a structural panel as a cladding element of concrete elements such as concrete walls, concrete floors or concrete floors.
  • the building board creates an appealing cladding, at the same time a heat and sound insulation, as well as a fire protection measure. To the It is good to improve adhesion of the building board to the concrete element if the building board has the above-described adhesive substrate.
  • the adhesive bond can be optimized if the filler material in the pores of the mineral fiber layer, such as the concrete, is an inorganic material, for example based on cement, gypsum, fine mortar or SiO 2 .
  • connection building board concrete part can also be done by separate mortar, adhesive, mineral or other binders and / or mechanical fasteners such as claws, anchors or dowels.
  • mechanical parts can be largely dispensed with when the building board is used as a lost formwork, that is, the fresh concrete is poured directly onto the plate (s), especially in ceilings.
  • several boards can be laid in a composite on the on-site concrete formwork and then poured over with concrete mortar.
  • the individual building panels can be arranged on edge seams or tongue and groove formations to each other.
  • edges of the building board can be chamfered for subsequent filling.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cuboid building board 10 which consists entirely of mineral fibers.
  • the plate includes an upper major surface 12 and a lower major surface 14, and side surfaces 16, 18, 20, 22. Starting from the upper major surface 12, a portion 24 whose thickness "d" extends about 5% of the area Total thickness D of the component 10 is. With an assumed overall thickness of 50 mm, d is accordingly 2.5 mm.
  • a plurality of conical recesses 26 extend (with the pointed end into the device 10).
  • the diameter of the recesses 26 is about 2 mm in the region of the main surface 12.
  • the recesses 26 are filled with a hardened silica gel, which partially also covers zones 28 in the region of the main surface 12 between recesses 26.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically that instead of the conical shape shown in section a), the recesses 26 may also have a cylindrical shape (part b) of Figure 2), or for example a hemisphere shape (part c) of Figure 2).
  • Part d of FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the main surface 12, completely covering the recesses 26 and adjacent sections 28, is formed with a covering layer 30 which consists of the same material as the filling material of the recesses 26.
  • the ceiling shown in Figure 3 consists of a concrete floor 100, which is covered on its underside by a plurality of mineral fiber building boards 120.
  • edge-side stepped rebate 140 For the production building boards 120 are placed with edge-side stepped rebate 140 to form a closed sub-ceiling on an on-site concrete formwork.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 show that each structural panel 120 has, on the edge side, a plurality of folding anchors 160, which are anchored on the one hand in the panel 120, on the other hand, projecting them upwards.
  • the direct surface connection between panels 120 and concrete 100 is facilitated by the filling of a near-surface portion 240 of the plates 120 with a cured silica gel, which was previously introduced, for example, in conical recesses 260 by means of a pressure roller.
  • a near-surface portion 240 of the plates 120 with a cured silica gel, which was previously introduced, for example, in conical recesses 260 by means of a pressure roller.
  • even narrow regions 280 between the conical recesses 260 may at least partially be filled with silica.
  • the insulation boards have a thickness of about 5 cm (usual range: 20-200 mm), the thickness of the layer 240 is only 6 mm.
  • the partial surface load of the section 240 is 0.2 N / mm 2 .
  • the system described is particularly advantageous for garages, passageways, tunnels, large spaces, precast concrete parts in sandwich construction, double-shell partitions in buildings, etc.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

Building board comprises a layer of at least partly connected mineral fibers and an open pore framework between the mineral fibers. The pore framework is filled to at least 10, maximum 90 vol.% with a monolithic hardened material from at least one main surface (12) of the mineral fiber layer via a section (24) perpendicular to this main surface between 0.5 and 50% of the total thickness of the mineral fiber layer. Preferred Features: The monolithic hardened material is an inorganic material based on SiO2.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bauplatte mit einer Schicht aus zumindest teilweise untereinander verbundenen Mineralfasern sowie einem offenen Porengerüst zwischen den Mineralfasern und ihre Verwendung.The invention relates to a building board with a layer of at least partially interconnected mineral fibers and an open pore structure between the mineral fibers and their use.

Eine solche Bauplatte ist aus der DE 41 19 353 C1 bekannt. Das offene Porenvolumen dieser Platte aus Mineralwolle wird mit mikrofein aufbereitetem Zement zumindest partiell verfüllt. So wird der Zement relativ weit in die Bauplatte eingebracht. Die entsprechende Oberflächenschicht soll eine gute Affinität zu Mörteln, Putzen und Klebern aufweisen, wenn sie zum Beispiel auf Hauswänden verklebt wird.Such a building board is known from DE 41 19 353 C1. The open pore volume of this mineral wool plate is at least partially filled with microfine processed cement. So the cement is introduced relatively far into the building board. The corresponding surface layer should have a good affinity to mortars, plasters and adhesives, for example when glued to house walls.

Eine gattungsgemäße Bauplatte kann eine reine Mineralfaserplatte ebenso sein wie eine Verbund-Bauplatte, bei der eine Schicht aus Mineralfasern besteht.A generic building board may be a pure mineral fiber board as well as a composite building board in which a layer of mineral fibers.

Üblicherweise werden die Mineralfasern, nach ihrer Gewinnung aus einer Schmelze, unter Beimischung eines Bindemittels zu einem Primär-/Sekundärvlies aufbereitet, anschließend verdichtet, in einem Ofen gehärtet und anschließend auf das gewünschte Maß zugeschnitten. Der Zuschnitt kann auch vor dem Aushärten erfolgen. Ebenso sind Mineralfaser-Bauplatten bekannt, die als sogenannte Lamellenplatten bezeichnet werden, bei denen einzelne Lamellen zu einer Bauplatte zusammengefügt wurden.Usually, the mineral fibers, after their recovery from a melt, treated with admixture of a binder to a primary / secondary non-woven, then compacted, cured in an oven and then cut to the desired level. The cutting can also be done before curing. Likewise mineral fiber building boards are known, which are referred to as so-called lamellar plates in which individual Slats were joined together to form a building board.

Alle diese bekannten Bauelemente, unabhängig von der Ausrichtung (Orientierung) der Fasern, werden erfindungsgemäß unter dem Begriff "Bauplatte" subsumiert. Dies gilt auch bezüglich der äußeren Geometrie. Üblicherweise wird eine Bauplatte zwei plane, zueinander parallele Oberflächen aufweisen; es gibt aber auch Anwendungsfälle, wo dies anders sein kann. Beispielsweise könnte eine Bauplatte auch einen trapezförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen oder auf einer Hauptoberfläche gerillt oder geriffelt ausgebildet sein. In letztgenanntem Fall wird nachstehend der Begriff "Hauptoberfläche" dahingehend verstanden, daß es sich um den entsprechenden Oberflächenbereich des Bauelementes handelt.All of these known components, regardless of the orientation (orientation) of the fibers, are subsumed under the term "structural panel" according to the invention. This also applies to the outer geometry. Usually, a building board will have two planar, mutually parallel surfaces; but there are also applications where this can be different. For example, a building board could also have a trapezoidal cross-section or grooved or grooved on a main surface. In the latter case, the term "main surface" is understood below to mean the corresponding surface area of the component.

Allen Bauelementen ist gemein, daß zwischen den Mineralfasern Hohlräume existieren, die ein offenes Porengerüst ausbilden. Dieses liegt zwischen 10 und 90 Vol.-%, meist 50 bis 90 Vol.-%, kann aber auch mehr als 90 % des Gesamtvolumens der Bauplatte betragen.All components have in common that exist between the mineral fibers cavities that form an open pore framework. This is between 10 and 90 vol .-%, usually 50 to 90 vol .-%, but can also amount to more than 90% of the total volume of the building board.

Die Druckfestigkeit einer Bauplatte hängt unter anderem von der Rohdichte, aber auch von der Faserorientierung ab. Die genannte Lamellenplatte, bei der die Fasern im wesentlichen senkrecht zu den Haupt-Oberflächen verlaufen, weist eine wesentlich höhere Druckfestigkeit gegenüber einer Mineralfasermatte/Mineralfaserplatte auf, bei der die Fasern im wesentlichen parallel zu den Hauptoberflächen oder irregulär verlaufen.The compressive strength of a building board depends, among other things, on the bulk density, but also on the fiber orientation. Said lamellar plate, in which the fibers are substantially perpendicular to the main surfaces, has a substantially higher compressive strength compared to a mineral fiber mat / mineral fiber plate, in which the fibers are substantially parallel to the Main surfaces or irregular.

Wenngleich insbesondere die letztgenannte Kategorie erfindungsgemäß im Vordergrund steht so lassen sich auch alle anderen Arten der genannten Bauplatten in nachfolgendem Sinne optimieren:Although the last-mentioned category in particular is in the foreground according to the invention, all other types of construction panels can also be optimized in the following way:

Die Druckfestigkeit, insbesondere im Sinne einer Begehbarkeit oder Befahrbarkeit, ist häufig unzureichend. Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen und eine Bauplatte anbieten, die eine verbesserte Begehbarkeit besitzt.The compressive strength, in particular in terms of walkability or trafficability, is often insufficient. Here, the invention seeks to remedy the situation and offer a building board, which has an improved accessibility.

Im Stand der Technik sind Verbundelemente bekannt, bei denen eine Mineralfaserschicht beispielsweise mit einer Holzwolle-Leichtbauplatte verklebt wird. Diese Holzwolle-Deckschicht erhöht zwar die Oberflächen-Festigkeit der Mineralfaser-Schicht, erfordert aber auch einen erheblichen verfahrenstechnischen Aufwand. Außerdem wird das Produkt dicker und schwerer. Die wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften verändern sich. Gleiches gilt, wenn ein Mineralfaserelement mit einer Putzschicht oder dergleichen versehen wird.In the prior art composite elements are known in which a mineral fiber layer is glued, for example, with a wood wool lightweight board. Although this wood wool cover layer increases the surface strength of the mineral fiber layer, but also requires a considerable procedural effort. In addition, the product becomes thicker and heavier. The thermal properties change. The same applies if a mineral fiber element is provided with a plaster layer or the like.

Die Erfindung geht einen völlig anderen Weg, und zwar unter Zugrundelegung folgender Überlegungen:The invention takes a completely different approach, based on the following considerations:

Das vorhandene offene Porenvolumen zwischen den Mineralfasern in einem Abschnitt unterhalb (benachbart) einer Haupt-Oberfläche wird dahingehend verändert, daß (relativ) größere Hohlräume geschaffen werden, und zwar durch entsprechende mechanische Perforierung. Diese Hohlräume werden zumindest partiell mit einem aushärtenden Material gefüllt. Auf diese Weise werden eine Vielzahl, diskreter, vereinzelter "Armierungsbereiche" innerhalb des Porengerüstes geschaffen, die zu einer nennenswerten Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften des entsprechenden Abschnitts beitragen. Durch die Perforation lässt sich auch das genannte Füllmaterial leichter einbringen. Die entsprechende "gefüllte Schicht" kann sehr dünn sein, beispielsweise nur einige Millimeter, insbesondere dann, wenn die einzelnen verfüllten Hohlräume (Inseln) dicht beieinander liegen, also nur einen kleinen Abstand zueinander aufweisen.The existing open pore volume between the mineral fibers in a section below (adjacent) a major surface is changed to provide (relatively) larger cavities by appropriate mechanical perforation. These cavities are at least partially filled with a thermosetting material. In this way, a multiplicity of discrete, discrete "reinforcement areas" within the pore framework are created, which contribute to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the corresponding section. The perforation also makes it easier to bring in the aforementioned filling material. The corresponding "filled layer" can be very thin, for example, only a few millimeters, especially when the individual filled cavities (islands) are close to each other, so have only a small distance from each other.

In ihrer allgemeinsten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung eine Bauplatte mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.In its most general embodiment, the invention relates to a building board with the features of claim 1.

Der verfüllte Volumenanteil hängt wesentlich von der Größe und form der verfüllten Poren (Hohlräume) ab. Besitzen die verfüllten Hohlräume beispielsweise eine Kegelform, wobei der größte Querschnitt im Bereich der Haupt-Oberfläche liegt, so wird deutlich, daß der Gesamt-Verfüllungsgrad des Porenvolumens in jedem Fall > 50 Vol.-% beträgt, wenn die einzelnen Vertiefungen mit Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind. Gerade aufgrund der erwähnten Kegelform ergibt sich aber eine besonders günstige Erhöhung der Druckfestigkeit, weil im unmittelbaren Bereich der Haupt-Oberfläche der Anteil Füllmaterial zu Mineralfasern deutlich über 50 % liegen kann und damit ein hoher Anteil der unmittelbar mechanisch beaufschlagten Oberfläche durch das ausgehärtete Material stabilisiert ist.The filled volume fraction depends essentially on the size and shape of the filled pores (cavities). If, for example, the filled cavities have a conical shape, with the largest cross section lying in the area of the main surface, it becomes clear that the total degree of filling of the pore volume is> 50% by volume if the individual depressions are arranged at a distance from one another are. Precisely because of the conical form mentioned, however, a particularly favorable increase in compressive strength results, because in the immediate region of the main surface the proportion of filler material to mineral fibers can be well over 50% and thus a high proportion of the directly mechanically acted surface is stabilized by the hardened material ,

Je nach Herstellungstechnik, auf die später eingegangen wird, können auch die Bereiche zwischen solchen Vertiefungen ein zumindest teilweise verfülltes Porengerüst aufweisen. Aufgrund einer gewissen notwendigen Viskosität des Füllmaterials dringt dieses üblicherweise aber nur zu einem geringen Anteil in das nicht aufgeweitete Porengerüst (=Porengerüst der unbearbeiteten, ursprünglichen Mineralfaserschicht) zwischen den Mineralfasern ein.Depending on the production technique, which will be discussed later, the areas between such depressions may also have an at least partially filled pore structure. Due to a certain necessary viscosity of the filling material, however, this usually penetrates only to a small extent into the non-expanded pore framework (= pore skeleton of the unprocessed, original mineral fiber layer) between the mineral fibers.

Ebenso ist es möglich, die Hauptoberfläche komplett mit dem genannten Füllmaterial zu beschichten, gegebenenfalls in sehr dünner Stärke von beispielsweise einem Millimeter oder weniger, sofern dies gewünscht wird, um beispielsweise gleichzeitig einen Haftuntergrund für eine anschließende Putzbeschichtung oder eine Verbindung zu einer BetonOberfläche bereitzustellen, wie noch beschrieben wird. Aber auch in diesem Fall bleibt als wesentliches Merkmal, daß der unterhalb der Hauptoberfläche folgende Abschnitt der Mineralfaserschicht nur partiell in Form einzelner Inseln die genannte Füllung mit dem ausgehärteten Material zeigt.It is also possible to completely coat the main surface with said filling material, if appropriate in a very thin thickness of, for example, one millimeter or less, provided this is desired, for example, to simultaneously provide a primer for subsequent plaster coating or bonding to a concrete surface, as will be described. But even in this case remains as an essential feature that the below the main surface following section of the mineral fiber layer shows only partially in the form of individual islands said filling with the cured material.

Dieses monolithische, ausgehärtete Material kann ein anorganisches Material sein, beispielsweise ein Material auf Basis SiO2. Konkret kann es sich um ein ausgehärtetes Kieselgel handeln. Ebenso denkbar sind andere anorganische Materialien wie Gips, Feinmörtel oder dergleichen.This monolithic cured material may be an inorganic material, for example a SiO 2 based material. Specifically, it may be a cured silica gel. Also conceivable are other inorganic materials such as gypsum, fine mortar or the like.

Die Rohdichte der noch nicht mit dem Material gefüllten Mineralfaserschicht kann zum Beispiel zwischen 80 und 100 kg/m3 betragen, nach einer Ausführungsform > 125 kg/m3, aber auch > 150 kg/m3. Werte bis 200 kg/m3 und darüber sind möglich.The bulk density of the mineral fiber layer not yet filled with the material may be, for example, between 80 and 100 kg / m 3 , according to one embodiment> 125 kg / m 3 , but also> 150 kg / m 3 . Values up to 200 kg / m 3 and above are possible.

Der genannte Abschnitt, dessen offenes Porenvolumen partiell mit dem ausgehärteten Material verfüllt ist, weist üblicherweise eine Dicke zwischen 0,5 und 10 % der Gesamtdicke der Mineralfaserschicht auf. Unabhängig davon kann die absolute Dicke beispielsweise zwischen 1 und 15 mm liegen, beispielsweise zwischen 1 bis 10 mm oder zwischen 2 und 7 mm.The said section, the open pore volume of which is partially filled with the cured material, usually has a thickness of between 0.5 and 10% of the total thickness of the mineral fiber layer. Independently of this, the absolute thickness can be, for example, between 1 and 15 mm, for example between 1 to 10 mm or between 2 and 7 mm.

Die Rohdichte des mit dem monolithischen ausgehärteten Material gefüllten Abschnitts beträgt je nach Füllstoff beispielsweise zwischen 100 und 400 kg/m3, die Teilflächenlast beispielsweise zwischen 0,15 und 0,25 N/mm2.The bulk density of the filled with the monolithic cured material portion is, depending on the filler, for example, between 100 and 400 kg / m 3 , the partial surface load, for example, between 0.15 and 0.25 N / mm 2 .

Rohdichte, Druckfestigkeit und Teilflächenlast in dieser Anmeldung werden stets gemäß DIN 18165-1 und DIN EN 13162 bestimmt.Raw density, compressive strength and partial surface load in this application are always determined in accordance with DIN 18165-1 and DIN EN 13162.

Ein Beispiel für ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bauplatte der vorstehend beschriebenen Art weist folgende Merkmale auf:

  • über eine Hauptoberfläche der Schicht eines vorgeformten Elementes werden mit einem Werkzeug eine Vielzahl von Vertiefungen in einen, der Hauptoberfläche benachbarten Abschnitt der Schicht eingebracht,
  • anschließend wird ein aushärtbares Material in flüssiger bis pastöser Konsistenz über die Hauptoberfläche in die Vertiefungen gefüllt,
  • danach wird das Material ausgehärtet und die aus dem Element gebildete Bauplatte gegebenenfalls weiteren Bearbeitungsschritten zugeführt.
An example of a method for producing a building board of the type described above has the following features:
  • a plurality of depressions are introduced into a section of the layer adjacent to the main surface via a main surface of the layer of a preformed element,
  • then a curable material in liquid to pasty consistency is filled into the recesses via the main surface,
  • Thereafter, the material is cured and the structural panel formed from the element optionally supplied to further processing steps.

Mit dem ersten Teilschritt werden gezielt diskrete Vertiefungen in die Mineralfaserschicht eingebracht, beispielsweise gedrückt oder gepreßt. Hierbei kommt es zwangsweise zu einer Verdichtung (Erhöhung der Rohdichte) im Umfangsbereich der Vertiefungen. Dies ist nicht nur unschädlich, sondern sogar von Vorteil, weil das anschließend zugeführte Füllmaterial nun um so weniger in die Bereiche zwischen den mechanisch eingebrachten Vertiefungen eindringen wird/kann.The first part of the step deliberately discreet depressions are introduced into the mineral fiber layer, for example, pressed or pressed. This inevitably leads to a compression (increase in density) in the peripheral region of the wells. This is not only harmless, but even advantageous, because the subsequently supplied filler material is now less able to penetrate into the areas between the mechanically introduced recesses / can.

Vielmehr kann im zweiten Verfahrensschritt das Material entweder gezielt in die Vertiefungen eingefüllt werden oder beispielsweise über eine Walze eingedrückt werden, wobei der Füllstoff in die verbleibenden Poren zwischen den Mineralfasern in den Bereichen zwischen den Vertiefungen in der Regel nur in einem völlig untergeordnetem Anteil eindringen wird, insbesondere dann, wenn das Material mit einer eher pastösen Konsistenz aufgebracht wird. Soweit Material auch in die Bereiche zwischen den Vertiefungen eindringt ist dies aber unschädlich, solange erfindungsgemäß nur eine partielle Verfüllung stattfindet.Rather, in the second method step, the material can either be filled into the depressions in a targeted manner or pressed in, for example, via a roller, the filler generally only penetrating into the remaining pores between the mineral fibers in the regions between the depressions in a completely subordinate proportion, especially when the material is applied with a more pasty consistency. As far as material also penetrates into the areas between the depressions this is harmless as long as according to the invention takes place only a partial backfilling.

Das genannte Werkzeug zum Einbringen der Vertiefungen kann beispielsweise aus einer Walze bestehen, von deren Oberfläche Dornen (Spikes) abstehen, beispielsweise mit einer Kegelgeometrie, so daß die in die Oberfläche eingedrückten Vertiefungen kegelförmig sind, mit der Spitze im Inneren der Mineralfaserschicht und dem größten Querschnitt im Bereich der Haupt-Oberfläche. Der maximale Kegeldurchmesser beträgt beispielsweise 1 bis 3 mm, die Länge 3 bis 7 mm. Problemlos können 10 bis 20 Dornen pro Quadratzentimeter angeordnet werden, um ein dichtes Netzwerk von Vertiefungen in der Oberfläche auszubilden.The said tool for introducing the depressions may for example consist of a roller, from whose surface spikes protrude (for example, with a conical geometry, so that the depressed into the surface depressions are conical, with the tip inside the mineral fiber layer and the largest cross section in the area of the main surface. The maximum cone diameter is for example 1 to 3 mm, the length 3 to 7 mm. Easily 10 to 20 spikes per square centimeter can be arranged to form a dense network of wells in the surface.

Diese Verfahrenstechnik funktioniert ersichtlich unabhängig von der Orientierung der Fasern im betroffenen Abschnitt.Apparently, this technique works regardless of the orientation of the fibers in the affected section.

Die Druckspannung der fertigen Bauplatte sollte bei 10 % Stauchung mindestens 60 kN/m2 betragen (gemäß DIN 18165-1).The compressive stress of the finished building board should be at least 60 kN / m 2 at 10% compression (in accordance with DIN 18165-1).

Unabhängig davon, ob die betroffene Hauptoberfläche selbst nur partiell mit Zonen aus dem Füllmaterial belegt ist oder aus dem Füllmaterial eine komplette zusätzliche Deckschicht gebildet wurde besteht die Möglichkeit, die Oberfläche durch Einfärbung des Füllmaterials für die spätere Anwendung optisch hervorzuheben. Dies gilt insbesondere bei farblich neutralen Füllstoffen wie dem genannten Kieselgel.Irrespective of whether the affected main surface itself is only partially covered with zones of the filling material or a complete additional covering layer has been formed from the filling material, it is possible to optically emphasize the surface by coloring the filling material for later use. This applies in particular to color-neutral fillers such as the mentioned silica gel.

Die Erfindung umfasst auch folgende Verwendung einer beschriebenen Bauplatte als Verkleidungselement von Betonelementen wie Betonwänden, Betondecken oder Betonböden. Die Bauplatte schafft eine ansprechende Verkleidung, gleichzeitig einen Wärme- und Schallschutz, außerdem eine Brandschutzmaßnahme. Um die Haftung der Bauplatte am Betonelement zu verbessern ist es gut, wenn die Bauplatte den bereits beschriebenen Haftuntergrund aufweist.The invention also includes the following use of a structural panel as a cladding element of concrete elements such as concrete walls, concrete floors or concrete floors. The building board creates an appealing cladding, at the same time a heat and sound insulation, as well as a fire protection measure. To the It is good to improve adhesion of the building board to the concrete element if the building board has the above-described adhesive substrate.

Der Haftverbund kann optimiert werden, wenn das Füllmaterial in den Poren der Mineralfaserschicht, wie der Beton, ein anorganisches Maerial ist, zum Beispiel auf Basis Zement, Gips, Feinmörtel oder SiO2.The adhesive bond can be optimized if the filler material in the pores of the mineral fiber layer, such as the concrete, is an inorganic material, for example based on cement, gypsum, fine mortar or SiO 2 .

Die Verbindung Bauplatte-Betonteil kann auch durch separate Mörtel, Kleber, mineralische oder sonstige Bindemittel und/oder mechanische Verbindungsmittel wie Krallen, Anker oder Dübel erfolgen. Auf solche mechanischen Teile kann weitgehend verzichtet werden, wenn die Bauplatte als verlorene Schalung verwendet wird, das heißt der Frischbeton direkt auf die Platte(n) gegossen wird, insbesondere bei Decken. Es können dazu mehrere Platten im Verbund auf die bauseitige Betonschalung gelegt und anschließend mit Betonmörtel übergossen werden. Zur Ausbildung einer mehr oder weniger geschlossenen Sichtdecke können die einzelnen Bauplatten über randseitige Falze oder Nut-/Federausbildungen zueinander angeordnet werden. Ebenso können Kanten der Bauplatte für eine anschließende Spachtelung angefast sein.The connection building board concrete part can also be done by separate mortar, adhesive, mineral or other binders and / or mechanical fasteners such as claws, anchors or dowels. On such mechanical parts can be largely dispensed with when the building board is used as a lost formwork, that is, the fresh concrete is poured directly onto the plate (s), especially in ceilings. For this purpose, several boards can be laid in a composite on the on-site concrete formwork and then poured over with concrete mortar. To form a more or less closed viewing ceiling, the individual building panels can be arranged on edge seams or tongue and groove formations to each other. Likewise, edges of the building board can be chamfered for subsequent filling.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche.Further features of the invention will become apparent from the features of the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand verschiedener Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert, wobei die stark schematisierten zeichnerischen Darstellungen folgendes zeigen:

Figur 1a:
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Bauplatte,
Figur 1b:
einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt der Figur 1a,
Figur 2a-d:
einen stark vergrößerten Vertikalschnitt durch eine Bauplatte mit Vertiefungen unterschiedlicher Geometrie sowie mit und ohne Deckschicht,
Figur 3:
eine perspektivische Ansicht, teilweise im Aufriß, einer Betondecke mit unterseitiger Platten-Beschichtung,
Figur 4:
eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Anschlußbereiches benachbarter Bauplatten.
The invention will be described below with reference to various Embodiments explained in more detail, the highly schematic drawings show the following:
FIG. 1a
a perspective view of a building board,
FIG. 1b
an enlarged detail of Figure 1a,
Figure 2a-d:
a greatly enlarged vertical section through a building panel with recesses of different geometry and with and without cover layer,
FIG. 3:
a perspective view, partially in elevation, a concrete ceiling with underside plate coating,
FIG. 4:
an enlarged view of a terminal region of adjacent building panels.

In den Figuren sind gleiche oder gleich wirkende Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugsziffern dargestellt.In the figures, the same or equivalent components are shown with the same reference numerals.

Figur 1 zeigt eine quaderförmige Bauplatte 10, die vollständig aus Mineralfasern besteht. Die Platte umfaßt eine obere Hauptfläche 12 und eine untere Hauptfläche 14 sowie Seitenflächen 16, 18, 20, 22. Ausgehend von der oberen Hauptoberfläche 12 erstreckt sich ein Abschnitt 24, dessen Dicke "d" etwa 5 % der Gesamtdicke D des Bauelementes 10 beträgt. Bei einer angenommenen Gesamtdicke von 50 mm beträgt d demnach 2,5 mm.FIG. 1 shows a cuboid building board 10 which consists entirely of mineral fibers. The plate includes an upper major surface 12 and a lower major surface 14, and side surfaces 16, 18, 20, 22. Starting from the upper major surface 12, a portion 24 whose thickness "d" extends about 5% of the area Total thickness D of the component 10 is. With an assumed overall thickness of 50 mm, d is accordingly 2.5 mm.

Im Abschnitt 24 verlaufen eine Vielzahl von kegelförmigen Vertiefungen 26 (mit dem spitzen Ende in das Bauelement 10 hinein). Der Durchmesser der Vertiefungen 26 beträgt im Bereich der Hauptoberfläche 12 ca. 2 mm.In section 24, a plurality of conical recesses 26 extend (with the pointed end into the device 10). The diameter of the recesses 26 is about 2 mm in the region of the main surface 12.

Circa 18 Vertiefungen sind je Quadratzentimeter Hauptoberfläche 12 vorhanden.About 18 wells are available per square centimeter main surface 12.

Die Vertiefungen 26 sind mit einem ausgehärteten Kieselgel verfüllt, welches partiell auch Zonen 28 im Bereich der Hauptoberfläche 12 zwischen Vertiefungen 26 abdeckt.The recesses 26 are filled with a hardened silica gel, which partially also covers zones 28 in the region of the main surface 12 between recesses 26.

Das dargestellte Bauelement weist folgende physikalische Kennwerte auf (in Klammern alternative Bereichswerte):

  • Rohdichte außerhalb des Abschnitts 24, 120 kg/m3 (80-200 kg/m3)
  • Rohdichte innerhalb des Abschnitts 24, 180 kg/m3 (100-400 kg/m3)
  • Druckfestigkeit des Abschnitts 24, 60 kN/m2 (40-100 kN/m2)
  • Teilflächenlast des Abschnitts 24, 0,19 N/mm2 (0,15-0,24 N/mm2)
    (Prüfung mit rundem Stempel : 50 cm2)
The illustrated component has the following physical characteristics (in parentheses alternative range values):
  • Bulk density outside section 24, 120 kg / m 3 (80-200 kg / m 3 )
  • Bulk density within the section 24, 180 kg / m 3 (100-400 kg / m 3 )
  • Compressive strength of section 24, 60 kN / m 2 (40-100 kN / m 2 )
  • Part load of Section 24, 0.19 N / mm 2 (0.15-0.24 N / mm 2 )
    (Test with round stamp: 50 cm 2 )

Figur 2 zeigt schematisch, daß anstelle der im Abschnitt a) dargestellten Kegelform die Vertiefungen 26 auch eine Zylinderform (Teil b) von Figur 2), oder beispielsweise eine Halbkugelform (Teil c) von Figur 2) aufweisen können.Figure 2 shows schematically that instead of the conical shape shown in section a), the recesses 26 may also have a cylindrical shape (part b) of Figure 2), or for example a hemisphere shape (part c) of Figure 2).

Im Teil d von Figur 2 ist eine Ausführungsform dargestellt, bei der die Hauptoberfläche 12 komplett, die Vertiefungen 26 und benachbarten Abschnitte 28 überdeckend, mit einer Deckschicht 30 ausgebildet ist, die aus dem selben Material wie das Füllmaterial der Vertiefungen 26 besteht.Part d of FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the main surface 12, completely covering the recesses 26 and adjacent sections 28, is formed with a covering layer 30 which consists of the same material as the filling material of the recesses 26.

Die in Figur 3 dargestellte Decke besteht aus einer Betondecke 100, die auf ihrer Unterseite von einer Vielzahl von Mineralfaser-Bauplatten 120 bedeckt ist.The ceiling shown in Figure 3 consists of a concrete floor 100, which is covered on its underside by a plurality of mineral fiber building boards 120.

Zur Herstellung werden Bauplatten 120 mit randseitigem Stufenfalz 140 unter Ausbildung einer geschlossenen Unterdecke auf eine bauseitige Betonschalung aufgelegt.For the production building boards 120 are placed with edge-side stepped rebate 140 to form a closed sub-ceiling on an on-site concrete formwork.

Die Figuren 3, 4 lassen erkennen, daß jede Bauplatte 120 randseitig mehrere Falzanker 160 aufweist, die einerseits in der Platte 120 verankert sind, andererseits diese nach oben überragen.FIGS. 3, 4 show that each structural panel 120 has, on the edge side, a plurality of folding anchors 160, which are anchored on the one hand in the panel 120, on the other hand, projecting them upwards.

Wird anschließend Frischbeton auf die zuvor beschriebene Unterkonstruktion gegossen kommt es neben einer vollflächigen Verbindung zwischen dem Frischbeton und Oberflächen 120o der Bauplatten 120 zu einer mechanischen Verankerung zwischen Bauplatten 120 und der aushärtenden Betondecke 100 mit Hilfe der Anker 160.If fresh concrete is then poured onto the substructure described above, in addition to a full-area connection between the fresh concrete and surfaces 120o of the building boards 120, mechanical anchoring between construction boards 120 and the hardening concrete deck 100 with the aid of the anchors 160 is achieved.

Die unmittelbare Flächenverbindung zwischen Platten 120 und Beton 100 wird begünstigt durch die Verfüllung eines oberflächennahen Abschnitts 240 der Platten 120 mit einem ausgehärteten Kieselgel, welches zuvor beispielsweise in kegelförmige Vertiefungen 260 mittels einer Druckwalze eingebracht wurde. Dabei können auch schmale Bereiche 280 zwischen den kegelförmigen Vertiefungen 260 zumindest partiell mit Kieselsäure verfüllt sein. Während die Dämmplatten eine Stärke von etwa 5 cm haben (üblicher Bereich: 20 - 200 mm), beträgt die Dicke der Schicht 240 lediglich 6 mm.The direct surface connection between panels 120 and concrete 100 is facilitated by the filling of a near-surface portion 240 of the plates 120 with a cured silica gel, which was previously introduced, for example, in conical recesses 260 by means of a pressure roller. In this case, even narrow regions 280 between the conical recesses 260 may at least partially be filled with silica. While the insulation boards have a thickness of about 5 cm (usual range: 20-200 mm), the thickness of the layer 240 is only 6 mm.

Diese, mit Kieselgel ausgefüllte Oberflächenschicht 240 der Mineralfaser-Platten 120 verleiht den Platten 120 eine wesentlich höhere Festigkeit. Die Teilflächenlast des Abschnitts 240 beträgt 0,2 N/mm2.This filled with silica gel surface layer 240 of the mineral fiber plates 120 gives the plates 120 a much higher strength. The partial surface load of the section 240 is 0.2 N / mm 2 .

Sobald die eigentliche Betonschalung abgenommen wurde steht die Unterfläche des. Verbundes aus Bauplatten 120 faktisch als Sichtfläche zur Verfügung. Auch hier kann der oberflächennahe Bereich analog der gegenüberliegenden, dem Beton benachbarten Seite ausgebildet sein. Ist die Oberfläche bereits eingefärbt bedarf es praktisch keiner Nachbehandlung. Gegenüber einer reinen Betondecke ergeben sich zahlreiche Vorteile:

  • es wird ein guter Schallschutz erreicht,
  • es wird ein Brandschutz geschaffen,
  • die Decke ist gleichzeitig wärmegedämmt,
  • eine anschließende Verkleidung, ein Putz oder ein Anstrich kann entfallen.
As soon as the actual concrete formwork has been removed, the lower surface of the composite of structural panels 120 is actually available as a visible surface. Again, the near-surface region can be formed analogous to the opposite, the concrete adjacent side. If the surface is already colored, it requires virtually no after-treatment. Compared to a pure concrete surface, there are numerous advantages:
  • good soundproofing is achieved
  • a fire protection is created,
  • the ceiling is thermally insulated at the same time,
  • a subsequent cladding, a plaster or a painting can be omitted.

Damit eignet sich das beschriebene System besonders vorteilhaft für Garagen, Durchgänge, Tunnel, Großräume, Betonfertigteile in Sandwichbauweise, zweischalige Trennwände in Gebäuden etc.Thus, the system described is particularly advantageous for garages, passageways, tunnels, large spaces, precast concrete parts in sandwich construction, double-shell partitions in buildings, etc.

Claims (12)

  1. Construction panel including a layer of at least partially bonded mineral fibres and an open pore volume between said mineral fibres, comprising hollow spaces (26), made by mechanical perforation and extending from one main surface (12) of said panel, wherein said pore volume is filled by at least 10, maximum 90 % by volume with a monolithic, hardened material, calculated from at least one main surface (12) of said mineral fibre layer along 0,5 to 50% of the total thickness D of said mineral fibre layer.
  2. Construction panel according to claim 1, the monolithic hardened material of which is an inorganic material.
  3. Construction panel according to claim 1, the monolithic hardened material of which is a material based on SiO2.
  4. Use of a construction panel according to claim 1 as a covering element of a concrete element.
  5. Use according to claim 4 as a lost shuttering panel for manufacturing concrete elements.
  6. Use according to claim 4, wherein said construction panel and concrete element are linked by a mineral binder.
  7. Use according to claim 4, wherein said construction panel and concrete element are linked by mechanical anchors.
  8. Use according to claim 4 with the proviso that the construction panel is designed along at least one of its outer edges fold-, notch or strip-like.
  9. Use according to claim 4 with the proviso that the apparent density of the mineral fibres layer, not yet filled with said material, is > 150 km/m3.
  10. Use according to claim 4 with the proviso that that part filled with the hardened material has a thickness between 1 and 10 mm.
  11. Use according to claim 4 with the proviso that that part filled with the hardened material has an apparent density between 100 and 400 kg/m3.
  12. Use according to claim 4 with the proviso that that part filled with the hardened material has a partial surface strength between 0,15 and 0,25 N/mm2.
EP03011799A 2002-05-28 2003-05-24 Building panel and use thereof Expired - Lifetime EP1369540B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200330553T SI1369540T1 (en) 2002-05-28 2003-05-24 Building panel and use thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10223671 2002-05-28
DE10223671 2002-05-28
DE10226514 2002-06-14
DE10226514 2002-06-14

Publications (3)

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EP1369540A2 EP1369540A2 (en) 2003-12-10
EP1369540A3 EP1369540A3 (en) 2006-01-04
EP1369540B1 true EP1369540B1 (en) 2006-09-13

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EP (1) EP1369540B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE339560T1 (en)
DE (1) DE50305007D1 (en)
DK (1) DK1369540T3 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2277692B2 (en) † 2009-07-15 2015-12-16 Fibrolith Dämmstoffe GmbH Insulation board, adhesive mortar for attaching an insulation board to a wall or a ceiling of a building and assembly, comprising an insulation board and an adhesive mortar

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3248663C1 (en) * 1982-12-30 1984-06-07 Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen Coated facade or roof insulation board made of mineral fibers, as well as processes for their production
DE4119353C1 (en) * 1991-06-12 1992-12-17 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh, 4390 Gladbeck, De
US6613424B1 (en) * 1999-10-01 2003-09-02 Awi Licensing Company Composite structure with foamed cementitious layer

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DE50305007D1 (en) 2006-10-26
DK1369540T3 (en) 2007-01-15
EP1369540A2 (en) 2003-12-10
ATE339560T1 (en) 2006-10-15
EP1369540A3 (en) 2006-01-04

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