EP1367189A1 - Elément de construction poreux - Google Patents

Elément de construction poreux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1367189A1
EP1367189A1 EP03009304A EP03009304A EP1367189A1 EP 1367189 A1 EP1367189 A1 EP 1367189A1 EP 03009304 A EP03009304 A EP 03009304A EP 03009304 A EP03009304 A EP 03009304A EP 1367189 A1 EP1367189 A1 EP 1367189A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
binder
components
compressive stress
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03009304A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1367189B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Dr.-Ing. Koslowski
Kai Martin
Werner Schwiebacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Knauf Performance Materials GmbH
Original Assignee
Knauf Perlite GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Knauf Perlite GmbH filed Critical Knauf Perlite GmbH
Publication of EP1367189A1 publication Critical patent/EP1367189A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1367189B1 publication Critical patent/EP1367189B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/18—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
    • C04B40/0259—Hardening promoted by a rise in pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/08—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads
    • B28B11/10—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads by using presses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a porous component.
  • component subsumes all types of molded parts that are used in the Construction, for example solid stones, perforated bricks, hollow blocks, Facing bricks, slabs, columns etc. These components can also be used in combination with others Find moldings application, so that the component part of a sandwich element or a composite panel can be.
  • components For numerous applications of components it is necessary to use the components of a specific surface to which they are to be applied. For example components, as far as they are used as facing, the surface of the Building to which they are to be fitted. As far as components for example, to create so-called sandwich panels or composite systems To be used, they must be adjacent layers of the sandwich element or the interconnected system.
  • components Since components are factory-made in standard sizes, the components must on-site to the surface to which they are to be attached or connected be adjusted. These must be “hard” components, such as limestone or aerated concrete blocks, sawn into the appropriate shape. “Soft” components, such as For example, mineral wool products, with cutting devices, for example Knives, cut into the right shape.
  • the invention has for its object to offer a device whose surface can be easily structured.
  • the device according to the invention is thus characterized by the fact that it is at a pressure beaufschlagten point such gives way that this point after pressure relief by the Pressure stress caused deformation maintains.
  • the component thus has the Properties of an irreversibly deformable body.
  • the (macroscopic) overall structure of the device remains under compressive stress receive. It does not "break” or “burst”. Alone the (microscopic) pressurized body is irreversibly deformed.
  • the component can thus be manufactured in the factory in a predetermined size. On-site it can then by means of appropriate printing tools in the desired shape be pressed.
  • the device such strength indicates that it is only from a pressurization above a certain threshold irreversibly deformable.
  • the device can only then by means of Be pressurized when the pressure exceeds the threshold. Up to this threshold, the device is substantially dimensionally stable, so it shows no irreversible deformations. This allows the device as a construction element Find application that must have certain strength values, for example as Element for a ceiling construction.
  • the component Due to its porosity, the component also has good thermal insulation properties on.
  • Sand-lime bricks meet the criteria of easy production and good compressive strength, but have poor thermal insulation due to their high density (bulk density to DIN 106: 600 to 2,200 kg / m 3 ). In addition, due to their high density, structural elements of lime-sand brick often also have a high weight, so that they are not suitable for many applications in which the weight of the component should be as low as possible. Sand-lime bricks splinter or burst under pressure.
  • Structural elements of mineral wool products such as mineral wool slabs, have good thermal insulation properties due to their low density, which is generally between 20 and 200 kg / m 3 .
  • they are complicated to produce, have a comparatively low strength and are combustible due to the organic binders used for bonding the mineral fibers, in particular resins. They deform reversibly under pressure.
  • the component according to the application can be used in any desired manner getting produced.
  • the first method may be provided as follows.
  • This binder contains water, calcium oxide (CaO, quick lime) and additionally at least one substance from the group of hydrated lime, cement (for example Portland cement), Slag sand or fly ash, optionally with the addition of a stimulator or Hardening accelerator for a hydraulic bond.
  • CaO calcium oxide
  • quick lime quick lime
  • cement for example Portland cement
  • Slag sand for example Portland cement
  • fly ash optionally with the addition of a stimulator or Hardening accelerator for a hydraulic bond.
  • This binder further contains a silica-containing substance
  • This silica containing substance may, for example, from at least one substance from the group quartz flour, Quartz sand, natural sand, natural or artificial pozzolana or mineral dust consist.
  • further components can be added to the binder.
  • these further components may contain at least one substance from the following group: Thickening agents (for example Tylose), air entraining agents (for example Hostapur), Accelerator (setting accelerator for a binder or a Binder component, for example, for the cement, for example LiOH or Calcium formate), hydrophobing agent (for hydrophobing the end product).
  • the binder including any added other components, becomes then mixed in a mixer. It can be provided in particular, the Binder to mix so that it receives a foamy consistency.
  • Binder and lightweight aggregate then become common mixed. As far as the binder is mixed into a foam, this has the advantage that the light aggregate is distributed very evenly over the volume of the binder.
  • the mixture of binder and lightweight aggregate is then poured into a mold.
  • the mixture is slightly densified, for example by means of shaking.
  • this foam falls during the Compacting (shaking) together; the even distribution of the lightweight aggregate in the Binder is retained.
  • the compacted mixture is allowed to pre-cure in the mold and can after pre-curing Remove the resulting component blank of the mold as soon as it is stable.
  • the device blank is finally fed to an autoclave in which the Component blank under pressure (for example 10-16 bar), temperature influence (for example 150-250 ° C) and cures for a sufficient time (for example, 8-16 hours) to the device
  • the cured component is removed from the autoclave.
  • the component After the component has been removed from the autoclave, it can be used in any desired formats, such as cuboid, are cut.
  • silica is precipitated by the hot steam atmosphere the surfaces of siliceous substances solved. It forms with the hydrated lime crystalline binder phases, the calcium silicate hydrates (CSH). After curing, one thus obtains a component that is made of a CSH matrix integrated lightweight aggregation exists. Because the CSH phases are proportionate are dense, the pore volume of the device is essentially solely on the porosity of the lightweight aggregate.
  • the cured, produced by this process Component consists exclusively of inorganic material, so that it is not flammable.
  • the device is now, for example in a dryer, the finished device dried, for example, to a residual moisture content between 5 and 20 percent by weight.
  • the second method can be provided as follows:
  • a binder is prepared containing silica sol and / or water glass.
  • the binder may contain further substances, in particular organic substances.
  • organic substances may be, for example, acrylates and / or organic Dispersions (for example vinyl acetate, acrylic acid ester and a polyurethane dispersion) be.
  • the binder may be thickener (for example, starch and / or Methyl cellulose) and / or water repellents (for example, metal soaps and / or Silicones).
  • thickener for example, starch and / or Methyl cellulose
  • water repellents for example, metal soaps and / or Silicones.
  • the binder is mixed with a light aggregate.
  • the mixed with the binder lightweight aggregate is placed in a mold and a Pressed blank. Thereafter, the binder-Leichtzuschlag mixture is allowed to a Curing moldings.
  • the cured molding can now in any desired formats, for example Cuboid, to be cut.
  • the molded body In a dryer, the molded body to a residual moisture content between 5 and 20 percent by weight dried to the finished component.
  • the macroscopic structure of the device is determined by in one Binder matrix embedded lightweight aggregate.
  • the lightweight aggregate can be, for example, a mineral lightweight aggregate, for example expanded perlite, vermiculite or pumice and, for example, have a bulk density between 25 and 100 kg / m 3 , ie, for example, a bulk density between 30 and 55 kg / m 3 , between 35 and 50 kg / m 3 or between 38 and 46 kg / m 3 .
  • a mineral lightweight aggregate for example expanded perlite, vermiculite or pumice
  • the lightweight aggregate can be, for example, a mineral lightweight aggregate, for example expanded perlite, vermiculite or pumice and, for example, have a bulk density between 25 and 100 kg / m 3 , ie, for example, a bulk density between 30 and 55 kg / m 3 , between 35 and 50 kg / m 3 or between 38 and 46 kg / m 3 .
  • the lightweight aggregate may be present, for example, in a particle size of less than 6 mm. Farther It can be provided that the lightweight aggregate does not contain any fine grain fraction (grain size less than 0.5 mm).
  • the grain size can be between 0 and 6 mm, for example for example between 0.5 and 6 mm, between 0.5 and 4 mm, between 0.5 and 3 mm, between 1 and 3 mm, between 0 and 3 mm or between 0 and 1.5 mm.
  • two example formulations for the first method described are as follows (in weight percentages): water 60 - 80 60 - 80 perlite 10-16 (grit 0-1,5mm) 10-16 (grain 1-3mm) silica flour 3-13 3-13 Lime (CaO) 1-9 1-9 Air-entraining agents 0.05-0.1 0.05-0.1 thickener 0.1-0.3 0.1-0.3 cement 1-7 1-7 Hydrophobicizers 0.05-0.15 0.05-0.15 hardening accelerator 0.04-0.15 0.04-0.15 The bulk density of the perlite is between 38 and 46 kg / m 3 .
  • An example recipe for the second method described is, for example, as follows (in percent by weight): water 25-40 Perlite (grain size 0.5-3mm) 45-60 silica sol 5-15 Hydrophobicizers 0.1-1 thickener 2-5
  • They have a low dry bulk density, which according to one embodiment may be between 50 and 400 kg / m 3 , that is, for example, between 75 and 200 kg / m 3 or between 90 and 140 kg / m 3 .
  • the components Due to the low thermal conductivity of the components, for example below 0.08 W / m ⁇ K, that is, for example, also less than 0.06 W / m ⁇ K or less than 0.05 W / m ⁇ K, the components have good thermal insulation properties.
  • the compressive strength of the components is, for example, more than 0.04 N / mm 2 , that is, for example, also above 0.08 N / mm 2 , above 0.1 N / mm 2 or above 0.12 N / mm 2 . This means that the components according to the application are (irreversibly) deformable only from an external compressive stress which exceeds one of the aforementioned threshold values.
  • the aforementioned compressive strength can be determined, for example, as follows:
  • a component according to the application in the form of a sample cube is examined 100mm ⁇ 100mm ⁇ 100mm edge length.
  • the sample cube is made from one side by means of a square plunger, with an edge length of at least 100mm ⁇ 100mm rests on the page in question, subjected to compressive stress. As soon as the through Pressure applied to the plunger the threshold value of the compressive strength of the sample cube exceeds, the sample cube is irreversibly deformed by the plunger.
  • the component is only at the pressure-stressed point irreversibly deformed while substantially preserving the basic structure of the device remains; the component does not break (initially) due to the compressive stress, or experiences no flaking and does not show from the place of Compressive stress outgoing cracks.
  • the application according to the device can by the compressive stress on the pressure-stressed point irreversibly deformed up to a certain value (compressed) be destroyed (damaged) in its basic structure. It can do that Component be upset, for example, up to 30%, so for example, up to 20 %, up to 15% or up to 12%, without being destroyed in its basic structure.
  • the cracking stress of the components may, for example, be more than 0.04 N / mm 2 , that is, for example, in the range of 0.04 N / mm 2 to 0.05 N / mm 2 or in the range of 0.042 N / mm 2 to 0.048 N / mm 2 .
  • the maximum cracking force can be, for example, more than 400 N, that is, for example, over 440 N or, for example, in the range between 440 to 520 N or in the range between 450 to 500 N.
  • Cracking stress and cracking force can be determined, for example, as follows:
  • An application according to the device in the form of a sample cube of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm edge length is applied to two opposite surfaces over the entire surface on pull plates glued.
  • the cube is perpendicular to the associated by the tension plates Areas pulled apart at a speed of 15 mm / min.
  • the elongation at break can be, for example, ⁇ > 0.8%, so for example at ⁇ > 1%, ⁇ > 2%, ⁇ > 3%, ⁇ > 4% or ⁇ > 5%.
  • An application according to the device can be, for example, to create a Use composite element.
  • the device may be on or both surfaces irreversibly deformed by a compressive stress, so for example be profiled.
  • This surface profiling of the device can the Surface profile of a plate, for example a metal or plastic plate, correspond.
  • a surface of the device By adapting a surface of the device to a surface of a plate, can component and panel with their surfaces matched to each other be joined together, for example, glued together.
  • the component can be connected to one or both sides according to plates.
  • a plate in particular with a metal plate
  • Connected component for example, excellent as a device for creating a roof or wall construction can be used.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cuboidal component 1, whose upper main surface with the Reference numeral 3 and its lower main surface with the reference numeral 5 is marked in lateral view.
  • the component 1 is manufactured according to the first of the two methods described above; it consists of a perlite light aggregate embedded in a CSH matrix.
  • the pressure devices have the corresponding Main surfaces respectively facing pressure surfaces
  • the resulting deformation of the component 1 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the Dotted lines indicate the course of the main surfaces 3, 5 of the component 1 (according to FIG Fig. 1) before its compressive stress again.
  • the resulting surface structuring is the course of metal plates adapted as seen in Fig. 3.
  • a metal plate 9 is one between the Main surfaces 3, 5 of the component 1 and the metal plates arranged adhesive layer connected to the device 1.
  • the prefabricated according to FIG. 3 component is characterized by low weight, high Strength and low thermal conductivity excellent as a construction element for Creation of a ceiling or wall.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
EP03009304A 2002-05-27 2003-04-24 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction poreux Expired - Lifetime EP1367189B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10223488 2002-05-27
DE10223488A DE10223488B4 (de) 2002-05-27 2002-05-27 Bauelemente sowie ein Verfahren zu deren Oberflächenprofilierung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1367189A1 true EP1367189A1 (fr) 2003-12-03
EP1367189B1 EP1367189B1 (fr) 2008-02-20

Family

ID=29414213

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EP03009304A Expired - Lifetime EP1367189B1 (fr) 2002-05-27 2003-04-24 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction poreux

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1367189B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE386853T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10223488B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2300517T3 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1591598A1 (fr) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-02 Knauf Perlite GmbH Mélange pour fabriquer un élément isolant et élément isolant
WO2007090445A1 (fr) * 2006-02-09 2007-08-16 Knauf Perlite Gmbh Dalle de construction
WO2011124292A1 (fr) * 2010-04-09 2011-10-13 Knauf Perlite Gmbh Élément en sandwich pour la construction de bâtiments, procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément en sandwich et utilisation d'un panneau isolant

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011051799A1 (de) 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Knauf Perlite Gmbh Dämmelement zur Dämmung von Gebäuden

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0673733A2 (fr) * 1994-03-10 1995-09-27 Veit Dennert KG Baustoffbetriebe Procédé pour la fabrication d'un panneau léger isolant en matériau minéral poreux
DE19723426C1 (de) * 1996-07-04 1998-04-23 Hebel Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung einer leichten, offenporigen, mineralischen Dämmplatte
DE19839295A1 (de) * 1998-08-28 2000-03-09 Sto Ag Wärmedämmverbundsystem

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3095347A (en) * 1958-09-11 1963-06-25 Johns Manville Perlite Corp Insulating material and the like
US3015626A (en) * 1959-09-29 1962-01-02 John C Kingsbury Insulating composition
DE1571522A1 (de) * 1966-12-16 1970-07-23 Gebefuegi Dipl Ing Istvan Verfahren und Herstellung von Formkoerpern fuer Bauund Isolierzwecke aus geblaehtem Perlit oder Vermikulit
US4447380A (en) * 1981-12-16 1984-05-08 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Expanded inorganic aggregate bonded with calcium silicate hydrate as thermal insulation
DE3313386A1 (de) * 1983-04-13 1984-10-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München Verfahren zur herstellung von nicht-brennbaren, thermisch isolierenden formkoerpern aus geblaehtem perlit
JPH01247111A (ja) * 1988-03-29 1989-10-03 Onoda Autoclaved Light Weight Concrete Co Ltd 模様付き軽量気泡コンクリート成形品の製造方法
DE19736870C2 (de) * 1997-08-25 2002-04-25 Thueringer Daemmstoffwerke Gmb Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mineralwolleelementes
DE10028508A1 (de) * 2000-06-08 2001-12-13 Veit Dennert Kg Baustoffbetr Leichtbeton zur Herstellung von Mauersteinen, Wandelementen oder dergleichen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0673733A2 (fr) * 1994-03-10 1995-09-27 Veit Dennert KG Baustoffbetriebe Procédé pour la fabrication d'un panneau léger isolant en matériau minéral poreux
DE19723426C1 (de) * 1996-07-04 1998-04-23 Hebel Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung einer leichten, offenporigen, mineralischen Dämmplatte
DE19839295A1 (de) * 1998-08-28 2000-03-09 Sto Ag Wärmedämmverbundsystem

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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Title
"Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung Z-23.11-1299 "Mineralische Wärmedämmplatte Hebel Multipor 100/L", 25 July 2000, DEUTSCHES INSTUTUT FÜR BAUTECHNIK, BERLIN, XP002255664 *
"HEBEL Porenbeton Handbuch", August 2001, FELS-WERKE GMBH, GOSLAR, XP002255666 *
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1591598A1 (fr) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-02 Knauf Perlite GmbH Mélange pour fabriquer un élément isolant et élément isolant
WO2007090445A1 (fr) * 2006-02-09 2007-08-16 Knauf Perlite Gmbh Dalle de construction
US8091304B2 (en) 2006-02-09 2012-01-10 Knauf Perlite Gmbh Construction board
WO2011124292A1 (fr) * 2010-04-09 2011-10-13 Knauf Perlite Gmbh Élément en sandwich pour la construction de bâtiments, procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément en sandwich et utilisation d'un panneau isolant
EP2374959B1 (fr) * 2010-04-09 2014-10-22 KNAUF AQUAPANEL GmbH Elément en sandwich pour la construction de bâtiment et procédé de réalisation d'un tel élément en sandwich

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50309185D1 (de) 2008-04-03
DE10223488A1 (de) 2003-12-18
EP1367189B1 (fr) 2008-02-20
ES2300517T3 (es) 2008-06-16
ATE386853T1 (de) 2008-03-15
DE10223488B4 (de) 2005-04-07

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