EP1360045B1 - A method for providing a hirsute surface on wood - Google Patents

A method for providing a hirsute surface on wood Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1360045B1
EP1360045B1 EP02716118A EP02716118A EP1360045B1 EP 1360045 B1 EP1360045 B1 EP 1360045B1 EP 02716118 A EP02716118 A EP 02716118A EP 02716118 A EP02716118 A EP 02716118A EP 1360045 B1 EP1360045 B1 EP 1360045B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wood
piece
pressurized water
water jet
maximum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02716118A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1360045A1 (en
Inventor
Tero Pelto-Uotila
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pelto-Uotila Tero
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Pelto-Uotila Tero
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Publication of EP1360045A1 publication Critical patent/EP1360045A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1360045B1 publication Critical patent/EP1360045B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44D—PAINTING OR ARTISTIC DRAWING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PRESERVING PAINTINGS; SURFACE TREATMENT TO OBTAIN SPECIAL ARTISTIC SURFACE EFFECTS OR FINISHES
    • B44D5/00—Surface treatment to obtain special artistic surface effects or finishes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for treating a the surface of a piece of wood in order to provide a special texture, the method comprising the steps of: taking a shaped piece of wood; spraying water in a form of a pressurized jet against the surface of the piece of wood.
  • the patent US-4 354 538 proposes the aging of timber in various ways, with a special view to reducing twisting and bending of the wood, perhaps achieving improved insect and decay resistance.
  • the patent US-5 882 427 proposes cleaning of the surface layer of a piece of wood from impregnants and any other impurities with a thermo-chemical method in order to provide a wood surface that is as good as a new one.
  • the piece of wood is immersed in water or in an aqueous solution until the moisture content of the surface layer of the wood reaches at least 30%, followed by a treatment under vapour atmosphere in the temperature range 100°C - 160°C. Finally the soaked wood surface layer is removed with a water jet, rotating brushes or the like, resulting in a very even and smooth wood surface that can be refinished.
  • the purpose of the invention is firstly to provide a method that achieves a novel surface texture having a pleasant look on pieces of wood.
  • a second purpose of the invention is to provide such a method that does not break the growth ring pattern of the wood and does not at least substantially emphasize the grain pattern.
  • a third purpose of the invention is to provide such a method, which achieves a wood surface texture from which splinters do not at least easily stick to the hands, fingers or elsewhere on the skin of a person who touches or strokes it.
  • a further purpose of the invention is to provide such a method, which, if desired, allows subsequent additional treatment of the wood or the wood surface or surface layer, such as staining etc. The method should also have a reasonable price per timber area unit and provide technically reliable operation.
  • the invention provides a method as defined in claim 1.
  • the surface texture of wood can be appropriately made “hirsute” or “napped” with a specific treatment.
  • the wood surface will then look slightly like a fur or the like, even though its "hair” is somewhat thicker and perhaps shorter than fur originating from animals.
  • Such a texture is achieved in accordance with the invention by spraying water under high pressure against the wood surface, so that wood fibers are partly removed from the basic material merely with pressurized water.
  • Winter and summer growth wood is simultaneously broken to the same extent as water hits the wood in the cross-direction of the grains, with the wood material still attached to the tree surface after the treatment of the invention, forming a furry surface both on winter and summer wood.
  • the shape and route of the water jet and the angle of incidence of water have an impact on the hirsute nature and density on the wood surface. This method is operable both for fresh and dried wood.
  • the surface of a piece of wood is treated by spraying water 2 in a special manner as a pressurized jet 5 against it, the desired surface texture being obtained on the surface of the piece, i.e. a hirsute surface.
  • the method starts by making a piece of wood 1 by machining to the shape corresponding to the end product with a method known per se or a new method and/or device, which are consequently not explained in detail.
  • the figures show board used as an example, which comprises an upper surface 3a facing the surface of the original tree stem, i.e. the surface wood, a lower surface 3d facing the central part of the original tree stem, i.e.
  • the piece of wood 1 has the main grain direction G, corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the original tree stem, as a person skilled in the art understands. If the piece of wood 1 is a deal, a board, a lath or the like, the main or average grain direction G will be generally parallel with the length of this piece. It should be understood that the invention is not by any means restricted to such pieces, but is applicable to pieces of woods of any shape.
  • the process steps of the invention comprise at least the following operations.
  • This means that the surface of the piece of wood is treated point by point with such a jet of pressurized water.
  • the jet of pressurized water 5 is generated with a suitable pump and nozzle 6, whose design may be of any type suitable for the purpose, so that they are not explained in detail here. Tests have been made of commercially available "pressure washers".
  • the pressurized water jet 5 is directed to the wood surface 3a, 3b, 3c...at a spraying angle or spraying angles ⁇ in the range of 90° to 60°, or in the range of 90° to 60° relative to the normal N to the surface.
  • the spraying angles ⁇ are preferably in the range 90° - 45° relative to the normal N to the surface.
  • the size of the spraying angle ⁇ affects the type of hirsuteness provided on the wood surface, especially its length, i.e. the length of the detached portion of the wooden fibers 4.
  • said pressurized water jet 5 is moved along a route R parallel with the surface 3a, 3b, 3c...
  • the wooden fibers 4 on the surface of the piece of wood 1 are partly detached and partly remain attached to the piece of wood 1, whereby the partly detached wooden fibers form a hirsuteness K on the wood surface.
  • material is not removed form the piece of wood surface at least in significant amounts, but the wooden fibers 4 are detached only over part of their length, so that the surface substantially preserves its shape. In this respect, there is no damage even if a small amount of fibers would come off the treated piece of wood surface entirely.
  • the invention is characterized by winter and summer growth wood being detached under the action of said jet 5 of water 2 substantially in the same manner, so that the grain pattern is not emphasized
  • Said pressurized water jet 5 is generated under a spraying pressure P per area unit of said piece of wood surface, i.e. under surface pressure P/Al, which, in accordance with the invention, is at least 0.2 bar/mm 2 , or typically at least 0.4 bar/mm 2 , or preferably at least 0.75 bar/mm 2 , i.e. the spraying has a minimum surface pressure. Accordingly, under the spraying pressure P of the pressurized water jet 5, a maximum surface pressure is generated per area unit of said surface of the piece of wood, i.e.
  • a spraying surface pressure of P/A1 which, in accordance with the invention, is 16 bar/mm 2 at the most, or typically 8 bar/mm 2 at the most, or preferably 3.6 bar/mm 2 at the most.
  • Such surface pressures of the pressurized water jet 5 can be achieved with a device having an internal spraying pressure P of at least 40 bar or at least 60 bar up to 100 bar and 250 bar at the most or 230 bar at the most.
  • Such a pressurized water jet 5 can preferably used, which is flat in cross-section, so that it has a predetermined thickness S and a width W perpendicular to this. This predetermined thickness S is under 11 mm, or the thickness S is typically 6 mm at the most.
  • pressurized water jets 5 work excellently that vary in thickness in the range 4-5 mm, or 2-3 mm.
  • a pressurized water jet having a thickness of only 1 mm is still usable. Since the pressurized water jets 5 had an almost even thickness in the test equipment, but a conical width W, as is understood from figures 4 and 5, the jet width W changes along with a change in the distance H between the nozzle 6 and the surface 3a, 3b, 3c.., whereas the distance H has hardly any effect on the jet thickness S.
  • the internal spraying pressures P above yielded excellent results, i.e.
  • the pressurized water jet 5 may have a general cross-sectional shape different from the one described above, provided that it is flat. i.e. W > S.
  • the flatness is typically relatively distinct, i.e. W > 1.3xS and preferably W ⁇ 3 ⁇ S.
  • the pressurized water jet 5 is directed towards the surface 3a, 3b, 3c... of the piece of wood 1 to be treated such that the jet width W is at a motion angle ⁇ of at least 50° with the main grain direction G of the wood piece.
  • a smaller motion angle value ⁇ does not yield good results.
  • the pressurized water jet 5 is moved along a route R parallel with the surface such that comprises a plurality of substantially parallel sections R1, R2...Rn, having mutual distances L and at a motion angle ⁇ of at least 50° with the main grain direction G of the piece of wood.
  • the pressurized water jet can be moved across the surface of the piece of wood with unidirectional sweeps alone, in direction D1, for instance.
  • the rate of movement of the pressurized water jet 5 in transverse directions D1, D2 is higher than the rate of movement D4 or D3 of this or of the piece 1 substantially in the main grain direction G, so that the sections R1, R2...Rn are parallel with sufficient accuracy.
  • the mutual distances L explained above may firstly be equal to said thickness S of the pressurized water jet at the most, resulting in substantially homogenous hirsuteness K.
  • the mutual distances L may optionally be greater than said thickness S of the pressurized water jet, resulting in non-homogenous hirsuteness K, in which hirsute areas alternate with non-hirsute areas or less hirsute areas on the surface of the piece of wood.
  • Said pressurized water jet 5 is used to treat at least the upper surface 3a of the piece of wood facing the surface wood, because at this point hairiness with good quality is most reliably obtained, in other words, the wood fibers 4 are partly detached in a homogenous way.
  • all the sides or surface s 3a, 3b, 3c... of the piece of wood 1 can be treated, either one side at a time or all the surfaces at the same time, as is understood from figure 1 and figure 2.
  • the water used in the pressurized water jet may have a maximum temperature of 95°C, a temperature that should not yet have a "roasting" effect on wood. Most preferably water is used at a maximum temperature of 80°C, which has not been found to have any detrimental effects. However, one can, and sometimes it is even preferably to do so, use normal water from the water distribution system, allowing the water 2 temperature to be very freely set approximately in the range 10°C - 65°C, depending on the incoming water temperature.
  • Water below 10°C is usable as such, however, > 0°C, provided that such tap water is available.
  • the water temperature has a certain impact on the outcome, which can partly be compensated with other variables, such as surface pressure and movement speeds.
  • the upper limit of 95°C or 80°C mentioned above should not be exceeded.
  • the spraying pressure P and/or spraying angle ⁇ of the pressurized water jet 5 is selected such, and/or the pressurized water jet 5 is moved along said route R at a speed such that winter and summer growth wood is detached from the surface 3a, 3b, 3c... of the piece of wood 1 substantially in the same way under the effect of the jet 5.
  • the pressurized water jet 5 is directed at least once and not more than four times to each point to be treated on the surface 3a, 3b, 3c... of the piece of wood 1, depending on the thickness S of the pressurized water jet and the mutual distances L between the substantially parallel sections R1, R2...Rn of its route R.
  • the speeds of movement of the pressurized water jet 5 and the piece of wood 1 in directions D1, D2 and D3 or D4 explained above are arranged such relative to the cross-sectional area A1 of the jet 5 that said cycle directed to each of the points to be treated on the surface of the piece of wood 1 has a maximum duration of 2 seconds or a maximum duration of 1 second.
  • the overall spraying period directed to each point of the surface i.e. each point of the surface 3a, 3b, 3c... to be treated, varies in the range 1 second - 8 seconds.
  • the piece of wood 1 used is a species having a tensile strength ⁇ Tt transversal to the main grain of 2.7 MPa at the most, or possibly less than 2.5 MPa, or preferably 2.3 MPa at the most, this relatively low value being currently supposed to contribute to the detachment of wood fibers 4 from adjacent wood fibers adhering to the piece of wood 1.
  • this transverse tensile strength ⁇ Tt is 1.8 MPa, so that species having a tensile strength of at least this order or of the order of magnitude ⁇ 2 MPa act as intended in connection with the method of the invention.
  • the species of the piece of wood 1 is preferably selected among broadleaf trees.
  • the species is selected among the species belonging to the following genera: Populus, Tilia, Salix, Triplochiton, Aucomea or hybrids of these.
  • aspen i.e. trees pertaining to the family Populus
  • the best result is achieved when the aspen has an equilibrium-moisture content of about 12% but less than 20% before the treatment is started.
  • Good results are achieved also with higher equilibrium moisture contents, which may be of the same order as that of freshly cut wood.
  • the genus Populus includes at least tens of species, of which we cite just a few: Populus Tremula, Populus Alba, Populus Deltoides, etc. Linden trees, i.e. trees of the genus Tilia, also yield excellent hirsuteness.
  • the genus Tilia also includes at least tens of species, of which we cite just a few: Tilia Cordata, Tilia Vulgaris, Tilia Americana etc. Willow and sallow trees, i.e. species of the genus Salix, are substantially equal to the species of the genera Populus and Tilia, and we cite only a few examples of these at least tens of species: Salix Capre and Salix Viminalis.
  • the surface 3a, 3b, 3c... of the piece of wood 1 can be stained either by incorporating a suitable colouring agent in the water 2 sprayed as a pressurized water jet 5, and then the piece is coloured or partly coloured in connection with the method of the invention, or by subsequently treating the surface made hirsute K with the method of the invention with a suitable dye or paint. Paints based on linseed oil, for instance, are perfectly suitable for after-treatment. A surface that has been treated in accordance with the invention absorbs dyes or paints efficiently.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
EP02716118A 2001-01-16 2002-01-15 A method for providing a hirsute surface on wood Expired - Lifetime EP1360045B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20010091 2001-01-16
FI20010091A FI20010091A0 (fi) 2001-01-16 2001-01-16 Menetelmä puun pinnan karvaiseksi saattamiseen
PCT/FI2002/000027 WO2002058900A1 (en) 2001-01-16 2002-01-15 A method for providing a hirsute surface on wood

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1360045A1 EP1360045A1 (en) 2003-11-12
EP1360045B1 true EP1360045B1 (en) 2006-04-05

Family

ID=8560015

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02716118A Expired - Lifetime EP1360045B1 (en) 2001-01-16 2002-01-15 A method for providing a hirsute surface on wood

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1360045B1 (fi)
AT (1) ATE322362T1 (fi)
DE (1) DE60210420T2 (fi)
DK (1) DK1360045T3 (fi)
ES (1) ES2261651T3 (fi)
FI (1) FI20010091A0 (fi)
WO (1) WO2002058900A1 (fi)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4354538A (en) * 1980-03-17 1982-10-19 Oswald Thomas E Method of aging felled trees and treating lumber
EP0157530B1 (en) * 1984-03-29 1989-05-31 Timber Textures (Uk) Limited Wood treatment
DE19622421A1 (de) * 1996-06-04 1997-12-11 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Altholz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2261651T3 (es) 2006-11-16
FI20010091A0 (fi) 2001-01-16
ATE322362T1 (de) 2006-04-15
EP1360045A1 (en) 2003-11-12
DE60210420D1 (de) 2006-05-18
DK1360045T3 (da) 2006-08-14
DE60210420T2 (de) 2006-11-16
WO2002058900A1 (en) 2002-08-01

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