EP1356237A1 - Electric oven with pivoting heating element - Google Patents

Electric oven with pivoting heating element

Info

Publication number
EP1356237A1
EP1356237A1 EP02702444A EP02702444A EP1356237A1 EP 1356237 A1 EP1356237 A1 EP 1356237A1 EP 02702444 A EP02702444 A EP 02702444A EP 02702444 A EP02702444 A EP 02702444A EP 1356237 A1 EP1356237 A1 EP 1356237A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
oven
oven according
heating
pivoting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02702444A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Marie Balandier
Dominique Antoine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEB SA
Original Assignee
SEB SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SEB SA filed Critical SEB SA
Publication of EP1356237A1 publication Critical patent/EP1356237A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/06—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of household appliances, and more specifically to that of cooking appliances. It relates more particularly to an electric cooking oven, the heating elements of which can be reconfigured inside the oven to modify the heating characteristics.
  • Electric cooking ovens generally include heating elements made up of electric resistances which, when traversed by a current, dissipate an energy which is used to heat food.
  • This energy can be dissipated in the form of radiation with or without the use of reflective zones.
  • This energy can also be dissipated by conduction and come to heat an element such as a plate or a grid on which the food to be cooked rests.
  • An electric cooking oven can be used in different modes to heat food of various sizes.
  • small electric baking ovens can be used in particular as a toaster. It is then necessary that the heating elements are relatively close to the slices of bread to be heated.
  • Small electric ovens can also be used to heat larger food, and then operate like traditional electric ovens.
  • the heating elements must be relatively spaced to allow the introduction of the food to be heated inside the oven.
  • the heating element can pass from an operating position in which it is located near the roof of the oven, to a retracted position in which it is arranged vertically, near the vertical wall of the bottom. of the oven, when the latter is not in operation.
  • Such an oven has the major drawback of not allowing the position of the heating element to be adapted to different types of food to be cooked.
  • an electric oven equipped with a heating element which can take two positions inside the interior volume of the oven. More specifically, this oven comprises a first heating element located near the roof of the oven and a second element which can be connected inside the oven in two positions.
  • this second heating element is equipped with a plug which comes to plug into a complementary plug located in the wall of the bottom of the oven.
  • This socket can be plugged in in two directions. According to a first orientation, the heating element is located near the bottom wall or bottom of the oven. When the plug of the heating element is inserted in the opposite orientation, the heating element is located near the middle of the oven.
  • This oven has multiple drawbacks and in particular the fact that the connection of the heating element at a single wall of the oven requires the use of a particularly solid connection plug and therefore expensive.
  • the reconfiguration of the oven can only be done when the heating element is completely cooled.
  • a first problem which the invention proposes to solve is that of the easy reconfiguration and at any time of the oven.
  • Another problem solved by the present invention is that of the mechanical complexity of the movement mechanism of the heating element, which must be simple for reasons of cost price, while being reliable.
  • the invention therefore relates to an electric cooking oven.
  • a furnace comprises in known manner an interior volume of generally parallelepiped shape which has side walls and upper and lower horizontal walls generally called respectively "vault” and "sole”.
  • Such an oven also comprises, in a known manner, at least one heating element consisting of one or more substantially coplanar heating zones, this heating element being capable of adopting several positions inside the interior volume of the oven.
  • this oven is characterized in that the heating element is pivotally mounted about an axis perpendicular to the side walls, and in that this heating element is able to be moved between the two heating positions, know : a first position in which it is located near the lower horizontal wall of the oven, a second position in which the heating element is substantially horizontal, located at a determined distance from the upper horizontal wall.
  • the heating element of the oven according to the invention has a substantially planar geometry and it is arranged so as to be able to turn inside the oven to pass from a heating position in which it is located. near the hearth or the roof of the oven, to another heating position in which it is located at a distance from said hearth and vault walls. In this second position, the heating element is preferably located between 1/3 and 2/3 of the height of the interior volume of the oven.
  • This second working position is used in particular for the rapid reheating of dishes, even frozen meals, as well as for the rapid toasting of slices of bread.
  • the heating element passes from one heating position to another.
  • This rotation without having to connect / disconnect the heating element to position it in one or the other working position, avoids premature aging of the heating element.
  • the heating element is pivotally mounted relative to the two side walls. In this way, it ensures good rigidity of the assembly and resistance to possible shocks. It also limits the deformation of the heating element inevitably observed during its aging.
  • the heating element includes an alternation of zones capable of generating, in operation, different powers. It may indeed seem opportune, either for reasons of limited available power, or for an optimization of the energy distribution, but also in order to avoid excessive heating of the walls, and in particular of the walls side, limit the power emitted from the heating element in certain areas of the oven.
  • One of the possible embodiments of the heating element according to the present invention consists of straight zones extending over substantially the width of the oven, connected together by curved zones. Such a configuration allows good heat distribution over the width of the oven.
  • the heating element is of the shielded type and the curved zones have a power density lower than the straight zones.
  • the straight areas are preferably arranged perpendicular to the side walls of the oven.
  • the heating element can also consist of a single resistor which has a wavy or serpentine shape while remaining on the main plane of the heating element.
  • the zone of the heating element connecting it to the pivot axis has a power density lower than the straight zones.
  • the orthogonal projection of the pivot axis on the plane defined by the straight areas is located inside the surface delimited by said straight areas.
  • the pivot axis is not only offset from the main plane of the heating element, but it is also offset from the mediating plane of the heating element.
  • the projection of the pivot axis on the heating element is therefore closer to one end of the latter than to the other.
  • the heating element is therefore offset inside the volume of the oven.
  • the offset of the pivot axis with respect to the overall dimensions of the heating element is determined to allow the heating element to be turned inside the oven, and to optimize the heating performance.
  • the heating element comprises two straight areas, the pivot axis then being located at a different distance from the two straight areas as previously explained.
  • the heating element when the pivot axis is situated substantially at mid-depth of the oven, the heating element extends, not only towards one of the front or rear parts of the oven, but also extends substantially towards the complementary part, respectively rear or front of said oven.
  • Such a configuration makes it possible, in particular in traditional cooking mode, where the mobile heating element is in its first heating position, close to the bottom of the oven, to limit the inhomogeneities of heat distribution in the oven.
  • the heating element when the heating element is near the bottom of the oven, that is to say in its first working position, it is situated essentially in the rear part of the oven. Conversely, when the heating element is at a distance from the bottom of the oven, that is to say in its second working position, it is situated essentially in the front part of the oven, that is to say rather near the oven entrance.
  • the heating element when the heating element is at a distance from the bottom of the oven, that is to say in its second working position, it is situated essentially in the front part of the oven, that is to say rather near the oven entrance.
  • the heating element then extends substantially in the complementary part of the oven (front or rear).
  • the first case envisaged allows, when the heating element is in its second working position, which corresponds essentially a cooking method of the toasting of bread or rapid reheating of small preparations or frozen dishes, it is preferable to have heating zones towards the entrance of the oven in order to limit the risks of burns in particular, by better vision during handling of said food.
  • the oven comprises a second heating element located near the horizontal wall opposite to that opposite which the pivoting heating element comes when it occupies the first operating position.
  • the oven can be configured between two operating positions.
  • the two heating elements are each located on a horizontal wall of the oven, which then operates according to a traditional oven.
  • the second position when the pivoting heating element is near halfway up the oven, the latter therefore has two separate spaces allowing the simultaneous cooking of two foods.
  • the food to be cooked is closer to each heating element, which increases the speed of cooking.
  • the positioning of the pivoting heating element is determined so that the second fixed heating element is disposed substantially opposite the pivoting heating element, when the latter is located at a distance from the hearth and vault walls. , ie in its second working position.
  • This configuration is therefore particularly suitable for baking or heating slices of bread or toast.
  • the power of the pivotally mounted heating element is adjustable according to the desired cooking mode and or according to the position of said element, thus making it possible to adapt the energy supplied to the food according to the volumes delimited by the heating element or elements.
  • one of the embodiments of the invention proposes to associate the pivoting of the heating element with at least one electrical switching linked to the supply of the heating elements present in the oven. It may indeed seem interesting to propose, automatically, when the pivoting heating element passes from one working position to another, either a different power distribution between the various heating elements, or a modulation in the supply of said pivoting element , generally that the various heating elements have a different operation depending on the position of the pivoting heating element.
  • one of the embodiments associates the heating element pivotally mounted with a reflective element making it possible to orient the radiation.
  • This accessory is important when the heating element is in its second working position, so that the radiation is preferably oriented towards the food to be heated. This situation is particularly present when the user wishes to toast slices of bread between a heating element located in a vault and the pivoting heating element in its second working position. The reflective element is then placed under the pivoting heating element.
  • the reflective element comprises a crumb or cooking juice recuperator which generally facilitates the cleaning of the oven.
  • the pivotally mounted heating element is associated with a radiation absorbing element attached to a hob.
  • This baking plate is preferably placed above the pivoting heating element and allows the power delivered by the heating element to be distributed during cooking or reheating pie or pizza type dishes.
  • the mobile heating element is pivotally mounted relative to the two side walls of the oven by a rotation towards the rear of the oven and can occupy a third position where the heating element is substantially perpendicular to the walls. horizontal.
  • This third working position makes it possible to increase the different cooking modes available in the oven.
  • the user can, for example, carry out cooking of the rotisserie type with said heating element. pivoting in a vertical position at the rear of the oven and a fixed heating element in the vault, thus freeing the floor for the recovery of juices.
  • the oven may include a rotary button controlling the pivoting of the heating element.
  • This button can be located either in the extension of the pivot axis, that is to say on a side face of the oven. There may also be located on the front face of the oven, an angle transmission mechanism by cable or bevel gear or other lever transforming the movement of the control member into pivoting of the heating element. This control button avoids the user any direct contact with the resistance, and therefore any risk of accident.
  • the interior volume of the oven may include locations intended to receive grids located respectively substantially at one third and two thirds of the height of the interior volume.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are summary perspective views of an oven according to the invention, shown in two different positions of the pivoting heating element.
  • FIG. 3 is a view in median longitudinal section of the furnace of FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of an oven according to the invention, illustrating an embodiment of the pivoting control member of the heating element.
  • the invention relates to an electric cooking oven which comprises a heating element, the position of which can be adapted within the volume of the oven, according to the desired operating mode.
  • the oven (1) illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises an external fairing (2) which defines an internal volume (3), as well as a lateral zone (4) used for controlling the operation.
  • the interior volume (3) is defined by:. side walls (5, 6),
  • a lower wall (7) also called “sole”,.
  • an upper wall (8) also called “vault”,. and a bottom wall (9).
  • the opening of the oven giving access to the interior volume can be closed by a door not shown. Some oven models may not have a door.
  • the oven (1) shown in Figure 1 has a fixed heating element (10) located near the roof (8) of the oven.
  • This heating element (10) consists of a U-shaped armored resistor, the end portions (11, 12) of which pass through the side wall (6) of the furnace.
  • the fixed heating element (10) is held relative to the roof (8) by means of suitable securing means such as the hooks (13) illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the invention is not limited to this single form of geometry, but covers all forms of heating elements which could be declined as a function of the heating power requirements.
  • the present invention also covers heating elements other than the shielded elements, such as quartz bars or ceramic hobs, etc.
  • the oven (1) is equipped with a second element heater (20) which is capable of being pivoted inside the interior volume (3) of the oven.
  • the pivoting heating element (20) comprises two heating bars (21, 22) which are connected by a bar with little or no heating (23).
  • the pivoting heating element (20) is an armored type element, it comprises either stretched bar portions or larger diameter portions of bars, so that the power density at the the interior of these bars is less than that of the so-called heating bars.
  • These connecting ports which heat much less than the straight heating parts are often called “cold parts", although they have, in operation, a temperature higher than ambient temperature.
  • the presence of cold parts can make it possible to limit the total power of the heating element to a determined value which can be a normative constraint. It also makes it possible to avoid overheating of the side parts as well as a privileged leakage of calories from the side walls of the oven.
  • the heating element (20) comprises only one heating zone extending substantially over the entire length of said heating element.
  • the heating element also comprises a transverse bar (26) which supports the rest of the heating element, namely the heating bars (21, 22) as well as the non-heating bar (23).
  • the two heating bars (21, 22) are connected in their central part by a spacer (25), itself connected to the crossbar (26), to ensure a rigidity of the together.
  • the bar (26) comprises, at each of its ends, an inclined portion (27, 28), itself connected to a ring (29, 30) mounted in the side walls (5, 6).
  • These rings (29, 30) act as bearings, and are made of a material having good friction properties to pivot so reliable in the sheet forming the enclosure of the interior volume (3).
  • a single ring is used in one of the walls.
  • the second wall then has a single orifice ensuring the rotation of the heating element (20).
  • connection terminals (32, 33) of the heating element are also connected to the ring (30) so as to ensure the electrical supply of the resistor.
  • these connection terminals are also cold parts, as previously explained. It can be envisaged, without departing from the scope of the invention, that each of the connection terminals (32, 33) of the heating element (20) is connected to one of the rings (29, 30) on the opposite walls .
  • the pivoting heating element (20) is arranged near the bottom (7) of the oven.
  • the heating element (20) can be pivoted to come into the position illustrated in Figure 2 in which it is located approximately halfway up the interior volume (3) of the oven.
  • This pivoting or turning movement takes place around the axis (24) connecting the rings (29, 30) by lifting the heating bar (22).
  • the interior volume (2) of the oven is divided into two superimposed half-spaces (35, 36).
  • the heating element has a length L1, measured in the direction of the depth P of the oven, which is close to half of this depth P, or even greater.
  • the rings (29, 30), and more precisely the pivot axis (24) of the heating element (1) is located at a distance D1 from the wall (9) of the bottom of the furnace, substantially at mid-depth. This pivot axis is located at a height D2 measured from the bottom (7) of the oven.
  • the heating element (20) is positioned relative to the pivot axis (24) eccentrically.
  • the support bar (26), perpendicular to the plane defined by the bars (21, 22) is closer to the heating bar (21) than to the heating bar (22).
  • This bar also represents the orthogonal projection of the pivot axis (24) on the plane defined by the two bars (21, 22).
  • this support bar (26) is distant by a length L2 relative to the heating bar (21), this length being significantly less than half the length L1 of the heating element.
  • the length L2 is between 20 and 45% of the length L1.
  • the distance H2 separating the hearth (7) from the plane of the heating element (20) is determined to authorize the passage of the heating bar (21) during its pivoting.
  • the distance H1 separating the pivot axis (24) from the plane of the heating element (20) is adjusted to the dimensions of the oven and to the functions which it is desired to implement, and in particular the desired second working position.
  • the second working position is located in the upper half of the oven, which places the pivot axis in the first lower third of the height of the oven.
  • the heating element is positioned rather at the bottom of the oven, while the fixed heating element (10) is located on the side of the opening of the oven. .
  • the heating element (20) is substantially opposite the fixed heating element (10), at a distance D3 close to H / 2, according to the example proposed.
  • the distance D4 separating the heating rod (22) from the opening of the furnace is of the order of 50 millimeters.
  • the oven can accommodate one, or even two grids or sheets (42, 43). Each of these sheets (42, 43) being opposite a heating element (10, 20), the distance separating them from these elements being between a third and a quarter of the height H of the oven. It is also possible to provide a grid location equidistant from the two heating elements, when the mobile heating element is located near the hearth wall, that is to say in its first working position.
  • the different positions of the mobile heating element (20) do not affect the sliding of the grids.
  • a plate In order to improve the cooking performance, in particular when the mobile heating element (20) is in its second working position, at a distance from the hearth and vault walls, it is associated with a plate.
  • This can be either a reflective plate which is then located under the heating element, making it possible to orient the radiation, or an absorbent plate associated with a cooking plate which is then positioned on the heating element (20).
  • This plate can be "multifunction" and incorporate a crumb or cooking juicer.
  • the pivoting of the heating element (20) can be obtained by actuating a control button (45) located on the front face of the oven.
  • This button (45) is connected to a twist cable (46) itself secured at its opposite end (47) to the pivoting ring (30). In this way, the movement of the button (45) results directly in the pivoting of the pivoting heating element.
  • actuation variants can be envisaged such as a button located in the pivot axis on a side face of the oven, or even manual actuation.
  • the oven can be equipped as illustrated in FIG. 1 with various other control buttons such as a thermostat (49) or a timer (48).
  • the oven according to the invention has multiple advantages and in particular the possibility of switching from a traditional oven configuration, offering a monovolume cooking space, to a multi-cooking oven offering two half cooking spaces.
  • This configuration is very easy, with a minimum of mechanical parts, which improves the reliability of the assembly.

Abstract

The invention concerns an electric oven (1) comprising a generally parallelepiped internal volume (3), having top (8) and bottom (7) horizontal walls and side walls (5, 6); and at least a heating element (20) consisting of one or several substantially coplanar heating zones (21, 22), capable of taking up several positions inside the internal volume (3). The invention is characterised in that said heating element (20) is mounted pivoting about an axis (24) perpendicular to the side walls (5, 6) and mobile between two heating positions, namely: a first position wherein it is located proximate to the bottom horizontal wall (7); a second position wherein it is located substantially horizontal at a specific distance from the top horizontal wall (8).

Description

B.0494ext B.0494 ext
FOUR DE CUISSON ELECTRIQUE A ELEMENT CHAUFFANT PIVOTANTELECTRIC COOKING OVEN WITH PIVOTING HEATING ELEMENT
Domaine techniqueTechnical area
L'invention se rattache au domaine de l'électroménager, et plus précisément à celui des appareils de cuisson. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un four de cuisson électrique dont les éléments chauffants peuvent être reconfigurés à l'intérieur du four pour modifier les caractéristiques de chauffe.The invention relates to the field of household appliances, and more specifically to that of cooking appliances. It relates more particularly to an electric cooking oven, the heating elements of which can be reconfigured inside the oven to modify the heating characteristics.
Techniques antérieuresPrevious techniques
Les fours de cuisson électrique comportent généralement des éléments chauffants constitués de résistances électriques qui, lorsqu'elles sont parcourues par un courant, dissipent une énergie qui sert à chauffer les aliments. Cette énergie peut être dissipée sous forme de rayonnement avec l'emploi ou non de zones réfléchissantes. Cette énergie peut également être dissipée par conduction et venir chauffer un élément tel qu'une plaque ou une grille sur laquelle repose l'aliment à cuire.Electric cooking ovens generally include heating elements made up of electric resistances which, when traversed by a current, dissipate an energy which is used to heat food. This energy can be dissipated in the form of radiation with or without the use of reflective zones. This energy can also be dissipated by conduction and come to heat an element such as a plate or a grid on which the food to be cooked rests.
Un four de cuisson électrique peut être utilisé selon différents modes, pour chauffer des aliments de tailles diverses.An electric cooking oven can be used in different modes to heat food of various sizes.
Ainsi, les fours de cuisson électrique de petite dimension peuvent servir notamment de grille-pain. Il est alors nécessaire que les éléments chauffants soient relativement proches des tranches de pain à chauffer.Thus, small electric baking ovens can be used in particular as a toaster. It is then necessary that the heating elements are relatively close to the slices of bread to be heated.
Les fours de cuisson électrique de petite dimension peuvent également servir pour chauffer des aliments plus volumineux, et fonctionner alors comme des fours de cuisson électrique traditionnels. Dans ce cas, les éléments chauffants doivent être relativement espacés pour permettre l'introduction de l'aliment à chauffer à l'intérieur du four.Small electric ovens can also be used to heat larger food, and then operate like traditional electric ovens. In this case, the heating elements must be relatively spaced to allow the introduction of the food to be heated inside the oven.
On conçoit donc qu'il existe un besoin de configuration des éléments chauffants lorsque l'on souhaite qu'un four fonctionne selon plusieurs modes de cuisson.It is therefore understandable that there is a need for configuration of the heating elements when it is desired that an oven operates in several modes of cooking.
On a déjà proposé par le passé de rendre mobile les éléments chauffants d'un four de cuisson pour lui permettre d'occuper différentes positions à l'intérieur du volume intérieur du four.It has already been proposed in the past to make the heating elements of a cooking oven mobile so that it can occupy different positions inside the interior volume of the oven.
Ainsi, dans le document US 3 281 575, on a décrit un four de cuisson équipé d'une paire de résistances blindées. Ces résistances sont chacune capables de pivoter par rapport aux parois latérales, de manière à ce que leur hauteur soit ajustable à l'intérieur du volume intérieur du four. Cette construction permet de positionner les résistances chauffantes de façon optimale en fonction de l'épaisseur de l'aliment à cuire. Cependant, un tel four nécessite un mécanisme de pivotement qui assure le déplacement concomitant des deux éléments chauffants, ce qui s'avère pénalisant en termes de fiabilité et de prix de revient du four.Thus, in document US 3,281,575, a baking oven has been described equipped with a pair of armored resistors. These resistances are each capable of pivoting with respect to the side walls, so that their height is adjustable inside the interior volume of the oven. This construction makes it possible to position the heating elements optimally as a function of the thickness of the food to be cooked. However, such an oven requires a pivoting mechanism which ensures the concomitant movement of the two heating elements, which is detrimental in terms of reliability and cost price of the oven.
Dans le document US 3 522 414, on a proposé d'équiper un four de cuisson d'un élément chauffant apte à pivoter à l'intérieur du volume intérieur du four. Plus précisément, cet élément chauffant, qui est constitué d'une résistance en serpentin peut pivoter à l'intérieur du four au niveau de deux points d'articulation situés sur les faces latérales du volume intérieur.In document US 3,522,414, it has been proposed to equip a baking oven with a heating element capable of pivoting inside the interior volume of the oven. More specifically, this heating element, which consists of a coil resistance can pivot inside the oven at two articulation points located on the side faces of the interior volume.
De la sorte, l'élément chauffant peut passer d'une position de fonctionnement dans laquelle il est situé à proximité de la voûte du four, jusqu'à une position escamotée dans laquelle il est disposé verticalement, à proximité de la paroi verticale du fond du four, lorsque ce dernier n'est pas en fonctionnement. Un tel four présente l'inconvénient majeur de ne pas permettre l'adaptation de la position de l'élément chauffant à différents types d'aliments à cuire.In this way, the heating element can pass from an operating position in which it is located near the roof of the oven, to a retracted position in which it is arranged vertically, near the vertical wall of the bottom. of the oven, when the latter is not in operation. Such an oven has the major drawback of not allowing the position of the heating element to be adapted to different types of food to be cooked.
On a également décrit dans le document US 3 982 096 un four électrique équipé d'un élément chauffant qui peut adopter deux positions à l'intérieur du volume intérieur du four. Plus précisément, ce four comprend un premier élément chauffant situé à proximité de la voûte du four et un second élément qui peut être connecté à l'intérieur du four selon deux positions. Ainsi, ce second élément chauffant est équipé d'une prise venant s'enficher dans une prise complémentaire située dans la paroi du fond du four. Cette prise peut s'enficher selon deux orientations. Selon une première orientation, l'élément chauffant se trouve à proximité de la paroi inférieure ou sole du four. Lorsque la prise de l'élément chauffant est enfichée selon l'orientation opposée, l'élément chauffant se trouve à proximité de la mi-hauteur du four.Also described in document US 3 982 096 is an electric oven equipped with a heating element which can take two positions inside the interior volume of the oven. More specifically, this oven comprises a first heating element located near the roof of the oven and a second element which can be connected inside the oven in two positions. Thus, this second heating element is equipped with a plug which comes to plug into a complementary plug located in the wall of the bottom of the oven. This socket can be plugged in in two directions. According to a first orientation, the heating element is located near the bottom wall or bottom of the oven. When the plug of the heating element is inserted in the opposite orientation, the heating element is located near the middle of the oven.
Ce four présente de multiples inconvénients et notamment le fait que la connexion de l'élément chauffant au niveau d'une seule paroi du four nécessite l'utilisation d'une prise de connexion particulièrement solide et donc coûteuse.This oven has multiple drawbacks and in particular the fact that the connection of the heating element at a single wall of the oven requires the use of a particularly solid connection plug and therefore expensive.
En outre, la reconfiguration du four ne peut se faire que lorsque l'élément chauffant est totalement refroidi.In addition, the reconfiguration of the oven can only be done when the heating element is completely cooled.
Un premier problème que se propose de résoudre l'invention est celui de la reconfiguration facilitée et à tout moment du four. Un autre problème résolu par la présente invention est celui de la complexité mécanique du mécanisme de déplacement de l'élément chauffant, qui doit être simple pour des questions de prix de revient, tout en étant fiable.A first problem which the invention proposes to solve is that of the easy reconfiguration and at any time of the oven. Another problem solved by the present invention is that of the mechanical complexity of the movement mechanism of the heating element, which must be simple for reasons of cost price, while being reliable.
Exposé de l'inventionStatement of the invention
L'invention concerne donc un four de cuisson électrique. Un tel four comporte de façon connue un volume intérieur de forme générale parallélépipédique qui possède des parois latérales et des parois horizontales supérieure et inférieure généralement appelées respectivement "voûte" et "sole". Un tel four comprend également de façon connue au moins un élément chauffant constitué d'une ou de plusieurs zones chauffantes sensiblement coplanaires, cet élément chauffant étant apte à adopter plusieurs positions à l'intérieur du volume intérieur du four.The invention therefore relates to an electric cooking oven. Such a furnace comprises in known manner an interior volume of generally parallelepiped shape which has side walls and upper and lower horizontal walls generally called respectively "vault" and "sole". Such an oven also comprises, in a known manner, at least one heating element consisting of one or more substantially coplanar heating zones, this heating element being capable of adopting several positions inside the interior volume of the oven.
Conformément à l'invention, ce four se caractérise en ce que l'élément chauffant est monté pivotant autour d'un axe perpendiculaire aux parois latérales, et en ce que cet élément chauffant est apte à être déplacé entre les deux positions de chauffe, à savoir : une première position dans laquelle il est situé à proximité de la paroi horizontale inférieure du four, une seconde position dans laquelle l'élément chauffant est sensiblement horizontal, situé à une distance déterminée de la paroi horizontale supérieure.According to the invention, this oven is characterized in that the heating element is pivotally mounted about an axis perpendicular to the side walls, and in that this heating element is able to be moved between the two heating positions, know : a first position in which it is located near the lower horizontal wall of the oven, a second position in which the heating element is substantially horizontal, located at a determined distance from the upper horizontal wall.
Autrement dit, l'élément chauffant du four conforme à l'invention possède une géométrie sensiblement plane et il est agencé de telle manière à pouvoir se retourner à l'intérieur du four pour passer d'une position de chauffe dans laquelle il se trouve à proximité de la sole ou de la voûte du four, jusqu'à une autre position de chauffe dans laquelle il est situé à distance desdites parois de sole et de voûte. Dans cette seconde position, l'élément chauffant est situé, de préférence, entre 1/3 et 2/3 de la hauteur du volume intérieur du four.In other words, the heating element of the oven according to the invention has a substantially planar geometry and it is arranged so as to be able to turn inside the oven to pass from a heating position in which it is located. near the hearth or the roof of the oven, to another heating position in which it is located at a distance from said hearth and vault walls. In this second position, the heating element is preferably located between 1/3 and 2/3 of the height of the interior volume of the oven.
Cette seconde position de travail est notamment utilisée pour le réchauffage rapide de plats, voire de plats surgelés, ainsi que pour le grillage rapide de tranches de pain.This second working position is used in particular for the rapid reheating of dishes, even frozen meals, as well as for the rapid toasting of slices of bread.
Ainsi, en pivotant de 180°, l'élément chauffant passe d'une position de chauffe à l'autre. Cette rotation, sans avoir à connecter/déconnecter l'élément chauffant pour le positionner dans l'une ou l'autre position de travail, évite le vieillissement prématuré de l'élément chauffant.Thus, by pivoting 180 °, the heating element passes from one heating position to another. This rotation, without having to connect / disconnect the heating element to position it in one or the other working position, avoids premature aging of the heating element.
Avantageusement en pratique, l'élément chauffant est monté pivotant par rapport aux deux parois latérales. De la sorte, on assure une bonne rigidité de l'ensemble et une résistance aux éventuels chocs. On limite également la déformation de l'élément chauffant inévitablement observée lors de son vieillissement.Advantageously in practice, the heating element is pivotally mounted relative to the two side walls. In this way, it ensures good rigidity of the assembly and resistance to possible shocks. It also limits the deformation of the heating element inevitably observed during its aging.
Avantageusement, l'élément chauffant comporte une alternance de zones susceptibles de générer, en fonctionnement, des puissances différentes. Il peut paraître en effet opportun, soit pour des raisons de puissance disponible limitée, soit pour une optimisation de la répartition d'énergie, mais également afin d'éviter un échauffement trop important des parois, et notamment des parois latérales, de limiter la puissance émise de l'élément chauffant dans certaines zones du four.Advantageously, the heating element includes an alternation of zones capable of generating, in operation, different powers. It may indeed seem opportune, either for reasons of limited available power, or for an optimization of the energy distribution, but also in order to avoid excessive heating of the walls, and in particular of the walls side, limit the power emitted from the heating element in certain areas of the oven.
L'une des réalisations possibles de l'élément chauffant selon la présente invention consiste en des zones droites s'etendant sur sensiblement la largeur du four, reliées entre elles par des zones courbes. Une telle configuration permet une bonne répartition de la chaleur sur la largeur du four.One of the possible embodiments of the heating element according to the present invention consists of straight zones extending over substantially the width of the oven, connected together by curved zones. Such a configuration allows good heat distribution over the width of the oven.
Avantageusement, l'élément chauffant est de type blindé et les zones courbes présentent une densité de puissance inférieure aux zones droites. Les zones droites sont disposées préférentiellement perpendiculairement aux parois latérales du four. Bien entendu, en fonction du volume et des puissances de chauffe nécessaires, il est possible d'augmenter le nombre de ces zones droites, tout en consentant une forme générale plane pour l'élément chauffant.Advantageously, the heating element is of the shielded type and the curved zones have a power density lower than the straight zones. The straight areas are preferably arranged perpendicular to the side walls of the oven. Of course, depending on the volume and the heating powers required, it is possible to increase the number of these straight zones, while allowing a generally planar shape for the heating element.
Dans certaines variantes, l'élément chauffant peut également être constitué d'une résistance unique qui possède une forme ondulée ou en serpentin tout en restant sur le plan principal de l'élément chauffant.In certain variants, the heating element can also consist of a single resistor which has a wavy or serpentine shape while remaining on the main plane of the heating element.
Avantageusement, la zone de l'élément chauffant le reliant à l'axe de pivotement présente une densité de puissance inférieure aux zones droites.Advantageously, the zone of the heating element connecting it to the pivot axis has a power density lower than the straight zones.
Avantageusement, la projection orthogonale de l'axe de pivotement sur le plan défini par les zones droites est située à l'intérieur de la surface délimitée par lesdites zones droites.Advantageously, the orthogonal projection of the pivot axis on the plane defined by the straight areas is located inside the surface delimited by said straight areas.
Autrement dit, l'axe de pivotement est non seulement décalé par rapport au plan principal de l'élément chauffant, mais il est également décalé par rapport au plan médiateur de l'élément chauffant. La projection de l'axe de pivotement sur l'élément chauffant est donc plus proche d'une extrémité de ce dernier que de l'autre.In other words, the pivot axis is not only offset from the main plane of the heating element, but it is also offset from the mediating plane of the heating element. The projection of the pivot axis on the heating element is therefore closer to one end of the latter than to the other.
L'élément chauffant est donc excentré à l'intérieur du volume du four. Le décalage de l'axe de pivotement par rapport à l'encombrement global de l'élément chauffant est déterminé pour permettre le retournement de l'élément chauffant à l'intérieur du four, et l'optimisation des performances de chauffe.The heating element is therefore offset inside the volume of the oven. The offset of the pivot axis with respect to the overall dimensions of the heating element is determined to allow the heating element to be turned inside the oven, and to optimize the heating performance.
Il est ainsi possible, par la disposition excentrée de l'axe par rapport à l'un des bords de l'élément chauffant, de disposer ce dernier très proche de la paroi inférieure, ce qui n'aurait pas été possible avec une configuration symétrique qui aurait conduit à éloigner l'élément chauffant de la paroi inférieure, ce qui aurait dégradé les performances de cuisson.It is thus possible, by the eccentric arrangement of the axis relative to one of the edges of the heating element, to have the latter very close to the bottom wall, which would not have been possible with a symmetrical configuration which would have led to the heating element being moved away from the lower wall, which would have degraded the cooking performance.
Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, l'élément chauffant comporte deux zones droites, l'axe de pivotement étant alors situé à une distance différente par rapport aux deux zones droites tel que précédemment expliqué.According to a particular embodiment, the heating element comprises two straight areas, the pivot axis then being located at a different distance from the two straight areas as previously explained.
De la sorte, lorsque l'axe de pivotement est situé sensiblement à mi- profondeur du four, l'élément chauffant s'étend, non seulement vers l'une des parties avant ou arrière du four, mais s'étend également sensiblement vers la partie complémentaire, respectivement arrière ou avant dudit four. Une telle configuration permet, notamment en mode de cuisson traditionnel, où l'élément chauffant mobile est dans sa première position de chauffe, proche de la sole du four, de limiter les inhomogénéités de répartition de chaleur dans le four.In this way, when the pivot axis is situated substantially at mid-depth of the oven, the heating element extends, not only towards one of the front or rear parts of the oven, but also extends substantially towards the complementary part, respectively rear or front of said oven. Such a configuration makes it possible, in particular in traditional cooking mode, where the mobile heating element is in its first heating position, close to the bottom of the oven, to limit the inhomogeneities of heat distribution in the oven.
Avantageusement en pratique, lorsque l'élément chauffant est à proximité de la sole du four, c'est à dire dans sa première position de travail, il est situé essentiellement dans la partie arrière du four. A l'inverse, lorsque l'élément chauffant est à distance de la sole du four, c'est à dire dans sa deuxième position de travail, il est situé essentiellement dans la partie avant du four, c'est- à-dire plutôt à proximité de l'entrée du four. La situation inverse peut également être envisagée sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.Advantageously in practice, when the heating element is near the bottom of the oven, that is to say in its first working position, it is situated essentially in the rear part of the oven. Conversely, when the heating element is at a distance from the bottom of the oven, that is to say in its second working position, it is situated essentially in the front part of the oven, that is to say rather near the oven entrance. The opposite situation can also be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Comme déjà mentionné, l'élément chauffant s'étend alors sensiblement dans la partie complémentaire du four (avant ou arrière).As already mentioned, the heating element then extends substantially in the complementary part of the oven (front or rear).
En pratique cependant, le premier cas envisagé permet, lorsque l'élément chauffant est dans sa deuxième position de travail, qui correspond essentiellement à un mode de cuisson de type grillage de pain ou réchauffage rapide de petites préparation ou plats surgelés, il est préférable de disposer des zones chauffantes vers l'entrée du four afin de limiter les risques de brûlure notamment, par une meilleure vision lors de la manipulation desdits aliments.In practice, however, the first case envisaged allows, when the heating element is in its second working position, which corresponds essentially a cooking method of the toasting of bread or rapid reheating of small preparations or frozen dishes, it is preferable to have heating zones towards the entrance of the oven in order to limit the risks of burns in particular, by better vision during handling of said food.
Avantageusement, le four comporte un second élément chauffant situé à proximité de la paroi horizontale opposée à celle en regard de laquelle vient l'élément chauffant pivotant lorsqu'il occupe la première position de fonctionnement.Advantageously, the oven comprises a second heating element located near the horizontal wall opposite to that opposite which the pivoting heating element comes when it occupies the first operating position.
Autrement dit, le four peut être configuré entre deux positions de fonctionnement. Dans la première position, les deux éléments chauffants sont situés chacun sur une paroi horizontale du four, qui fonctionne alors selon un four traditionnel. Dans la seconde position, lorsque l'élément chauffant pivotant est à proximité à mi-hauteur du four, ce dernier possède donc deux espaces séparés permettant la cuisson simultanée de deux aliments. En outre, dans cette seconde configuration, les aliments à cuire sont plus proches de chaque élément chauffant, ce qui augmente la rapidité de cuisson.In other words, the oven can be configured between two operating positions. In the first position, the two heating elements are each located on a horizontal wall of the oven, which then operates according to a traditional oven. In the second position, when the pivoting heating element is near halfway up the oven, the latter therefore has two separate spaces allowing the simultaneous cooking of two foods. In addition, in this second configuration, the food to be cooked is closer to each heating element, which increases the speed of cooking.
Avantageusement en pratique, le positionnement de l'élément chauffant pivotant est déterminé de telle sorte que le second élément chauffant fixe est disposé sensiblement en regard de l'élément chauffant pivotant, lorsque celui-ci est situé à distance des parois de sole et de voûte, c'est à dire dans sa seconde position de travail. Cette configuration est donc particulièrement adaptée à la cuisson ou le chauffage de tranches de pain ou toasts.Advantageously in practice, the positioning of the pivoting heating element is determined so that the second fixed heating element is disposed substantially opposite the pivoting heating element, when the latter is located at a distance from the hearth and vault walls. , ie in its second working position. This configuration is therefore particularly suitable for baking or heating slices of bread or toast.
Avantageusement, la puissance de l'élément chauffant monté pivotant est modulable selon le mode de cuisson recherché et ou selon la position dudit élément, permettant ainsi d'adapter l'énergie fournie aux aliments selon les volumes délimités par le ou les éléments chauffants.Advantageously, the power of the pivotally mounted heating element is adjustable according to the desired cooking mode and or according to the position of said element, thus making it possible to adapt the energy supplied to the food according to the volumes delimited by the heating element or elements.
Dans cette même idée d'adaptation des puissances de chauffe des divers éléments chauffants, l'une des réalisations de l'invention propose d'associer le pivotement de l'élément chauffant à au moins une commutation électrique liée à l'alimentation des éléments chauffants présents dans le four. Il peut sembler en effet intéressant de proposer, automatiquement, lorsque l'élément chauffant pivotant passe d'une position de travail à une autre, soit une répartition de puissance différente entre les divers éléments chauffants, soit une modulation dans l'alimentation dudit élément pivotant, d'une manière générale que les divers éléments chauffants présentent un fonctionnement différent selon la position de l'élément chauffant pivotant.In this same idea of adapting the heating powers of the various heating elements, one of the embodiments of the invention proposes to associate the pivoting of the heating element with at least one electrical switching linked to the supply of the heating elements present in the oven. It may indeed seem interesting to propose, automatically, when the pivoting heating element passes from one working position to another, either a different power distribution between the various heating elements, or a modulation in the supply of said pivoting element , generally that the various heating elements have a different operation depending on the position of the pivoting heating element.
Avantageusement, selon l'un quelconques des modes de fonctionnement proposés, l'un des modes de réalisation associe l'élément chauffant monté pivotant à un élément réfléchissant permettant d'orienter le rayonnement. Cet accessoire est important lorsque l'élément chauffant est dans sa seconde position de travail, afin que le rayonnement soit préférentiellement orienté vers l'aliment à réchauffer. Cette situation est notamment présente lorsque l'utilisateur désire griller des tranches de pain entre un élément chauffant situé en voûte et l'élément chauffant pivotant dans sa seconde position de travail. L'élément réfléchissant est alors disposé sous l'élément chauffant pivotant.Advantageously, according to any one of the proposed operating modes, one of the embodiments associates the heating element pivotally mounted with a reflective element making it possible to orient the radiation. This accessory is important when the heating element is in its second working position, so that the radiation is preferably oriented towards the food to be heated. This situation is particularly present when the user wishes to toast slices of bread between a heating element located in a vault and the pivoting heating element in its second working position. The reflective element is then placed under the pivoting heating element.
Avantageusement, l'élément réfléchissant comporte un récupérateur de miettes ou de jus de cuisson ce qui globalement facilite le nettoyage du four.Advantageously, the reflective element comprises a crumb or cooking juice recuperator which generally facilitates the cleaning of the oven.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l'élément chauffant monté pivotant est associé à un élément absorbant le rayonnement accolé à une plaque de cuisson. Cette plaque de cuisson est préférentiellement disposée au dessus de l'élément chauffant pivotant et permet de répartir la puissance délivrée par l'élément chauffant lors de cuisson ou de réchauffage de plats de type tarte ou pizza.According to another embodiment, the pivotally mounted heating element is associated with a radiation absorbing element attached to a hob. This baking plate is preferably placed above the pivoting heating element and allows the power delivered by the heating element to be distributed during cooking or reheating pie or pizza type dishes.
En complément des différentes variantes proposées, avantageusement, l'élément chauffant mobile est monté pivotant par rapport aux deux parois latérales du four par une rotation vers l'arrière du four et peut occuper une troisième position où l'élément chauffant est sensiblement perpendiculaire aux parois horizontales. Cette troisième position de travail permet d'augmenter les différents modes de cuisson disponibles dans le four. L'utilisateur peut, par exemple, réaliser des cuissons de type rôtisserie avec ledit élément chauffant pivotant en position verticale à l'arrière du four et un élément chauffant fixe en voûte, libérant ainsi la sole pour notamment la récupération des jus.In addition to the various variants proposed, advantageously, the mobile heating element is pivotally mounted relative to the two side walls of the oven by a rotation towards the rear of the oven and can occupy a third position where the heating element is substantially perpendicular to the walls. horizontal. This third working position makes it possible to increase the different cooking modes available in the oven. The user can, for example, carry out cooking of the rotisserie type with said heating element. pivoting in a vertical position at the rear of the oven and a fixed heating element in the vault, thus freeing the floor for the recovery of juices.
En pratique, le four peut comporter un bouton rotatif commandant le pivotement de l'élément chauffant. Ce bouton peut être situé soit dans le prolongement de l'axe de pivotement, c'est-à-dire sur une face latérale du four. Il peut également se trouver sur la face avant du four, un mécanisme de renvoi d'angle par câble ou par engrenage conique ou par autre levier transformant le mouvement de l'organe de commande en pivotement de l'élément chauffant. Ce bouton de commande évite à l'utilisateur tout contact direct avec la résistance, et donc tout risque d'accident.In practice, the oven may include a rotary button controlling the pivoting of the heating element. This button can be located either in the extension of the pivot axis, that is to say on a side face of the oven. There may also be located on the front face of the oven, an angle transmission mechanism by cable or bevel gear or other lever transforming the movement of the control member into pivoting of the heating element. This control button avoids the user any direct contact with the resistance, and therefore any risk of accident.
Avantageusement en pratique, le volume intérieur du four peut comporter des emplacements destinés à recevoir des grilles situées respectivement sensiblement à un tiers et deux tiers de la hauteur du volume intérieur.Advantageously in practice, the interior volume of the oven may include locations intended to receive grids located respectively substantially at one third and two thirds of the height of the interior volume.
De cette manière, il est possible de disposer les aliments de façon optimale par rapport à l'élément chauffant, notamment lorsque celui-ci est à mi-hauteur du four.In this way, it is possible to arrange the food optimally with respect to the heating element, in particular when the latter is halfway up the oven.
Description sommaire des figuresBrief description of the figures
La manière de réaliser l'invention ainsi que les avantages qui en découlent ressortiront bien de la description du mode de réalisation qui suit, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, à l'appui des figures annexées dans lesquelles : Les figures 1 et 2 sont des vues en perspective sommaire d'un four conforme à l'invention, montré dans deux positions différentes de l'élément chauffant pivotant.The manner of carrying out the invention as well as the advantages which result therefrom will emerge clearly from the description of the embodiment which follows, given by way of nonlimiting example, in support of the appended figures in which: FIGS. 1 and 2 are summary perspective views of an oven according to the invention, shown in two different positions of the pivoting heating element.
La figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale médiane du four des figures respectivement 1 et 2. La figure 4 est une vue de côté d'un four conforme à l'invention, illustrant un mode de réalisation de l'organe de commande de pivotement de l'élément chauffant.FIG. 3 is a view in median longitudinal section of the furnace of FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively. FIG. 4 is a side view of an oven according to the invention, illustrating an embodiment of the pivoting control member of the heating element.
Manière de réaliser l'invention Comme déjà évoqué, l'invention concerne un four de cuisson électrique qui comporte un élément chauffant dont la position peut être adaptée à l'intérieur du volume du four, selon le mode de fonctionnement souhaité.Way of realizing the invention As already mentioned, the invention relates to an electric cooking oven which comprises a heating element, the position of which can be adapted within the volume of the oven, according to the desired operating mode.
Plus précisément, le four (1 ) illustré à la figure 1 , comprend un carénage extérieur (2) qui définit un volume intérieur (3), ainsi qu'une zone latérale (4) servant à la commande du fonctionnement.More specifically, the oven (1) illustrated in FIG. 1, comprises an external fairing (2) which defines an internal volume (3), as well as a lateral zone (4) used for controlling the operation.
Plus précisément, le volume intérieur (3) est défini par : . des parois latérales (5, 6),More specifically, the interior volume (3) is defined by:. side walls (5, 6),
. une paroi inférieure (7) également appelée "sole", . une paroi supérieure (8) également appelée "voûte", . et une paroi de fond (9).. a lower wall (7) also called "sole",. an upper wall (8) also called "vault",. and a bottom wall (9).
L'ouverture du four donnant accès au volume intérieur peut être fermée par une porte non représentée. Certains modèles de four peuvent ne pas comporter de porte.The opening of the oven giving access to the interior volume can be closed by a door not shown. Some oven models may not have a door.
Le four (1 ) représenté à la figure 1 comporte un élément chauffant fixe (10) situé à proximité de la voûte (8) du four. Cet élément chauffant (10) est constitué d'une résistance blindée en forme de U, dont les parties terminales (11 , 12) traversent la paroi latérale (6) du four.The oven (1) shown in Figure 1 has a fixed heating element (10) located near the roof (8) of the oven. This heating element (10) consists of a U-shaped armored resistor, the end portions (11, 12) of which pass through the side wall (6) of the furnace.
L'élément chauffant fixe (10) est maintenu par rapport à la voûte (8) par l'intermédiaire de moyens de solidarisation appropriés tels que les crochets (13) illustrés à la figure 1.The fixed heating element (10) is held relative to the roof (8) by means of suitable securing means such as the hooks (13) illustrated in FIG. 1.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à cette seule forme de géométrie, mais couvre toutes les formes d'éléments chauffants qui pourraient être déclinées en fonction des besoins de puissance de chauffe. De même, la présente invention couvre également des éléments chauffants autre que les éléments blindés, tels des barreaux quartz ou des plaques vitrocéramiques,...Of course, the invention is not limited to this single form of geometry, but covers all forms of heating elements which could be declined as a function of the heating power requirements. Likewise, the present invention also covers heating elements other than the shielded elements, such as quartz bars or ceramic hobs, etc.
Conformément à l'invention, le four (1) est équipé d'un second élément chauffant (20) qui est apte à être pivoté à l'intérieur du volume intérieur (3) du four. Plus précisément, dans la forme illustrée, l'élément chauffant pivotant (20) comporte deux barreaux chauffants (21 , 22) qui sont reliés par un barreau peu ou pas chauffant (23). En pratique, lorsque l'élément chauffant pivotant (20) est un élément de type blindé, il comporte, soit des portions de barreau étirées, soit des portions de barreaux de diamètre plus important, de telle sorte que la densité de puissance à l'intérieur de ces barreaux soit inférieure à celle des barreaux dits chauffants. Ces portiohs de liaison chauffant beaucoup moins que les parties droites chauffantes sont souvent appelées "parties froides", bien qu'elles présentent, en fonctionnement, une température supérieure à la température ambiante.According to the invention, the oven (1) is equipped with a second element heater (20) which is capable of being pivoted inside the interior volume (3) of the oven. More specifically, in the illustrated form, the pivoting heating element (20) comprises two heating bars (21, 22) which are connected by a bar with little or no heating (23). In practice, when the pivoting heating element (20) is an armored type element, it comprises either stretched bar portions or larger diameter portions of bars, so that the power density at the the interior of these bars is less than that of the so-called heating bars. These connecting ports which heat much less than the straight heating parts are often called "cold parts", although they have, in operation, a temperature higher than ambient temperature.
La présence de parties froides peut permettre de limiter la puissance totale de l'élément chauffant à une valeur déterminée qui peut être une contrainte normative. Elle permet également d'éviter une surchauffe des parties latérales ainsi qu'une fuite privilégiée de calories par les parois latérales du four.The presence of cold parts can make it possible to limit the total power of the heating element to a determined value which can be a normative constraint. It also makes it possible to avoid overheating of the side parts as well as a privileged leakage of calories from the side walls of the oven.
Cette configuration ne constitue qu'un exemple de réalisation. Il est bien entendu envisageable, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, que l'élément chauffant (20) ne comporte qu'une seule zone chauffante s'etendant sensiblement sur toute la longueur dudit élément chauffant.This configuration is only an example of an embodiment. It is of course conceivable, without departing from the scope of the invention, that the heating element (20) comprises only one heating zone extending substantially over the entire length of said heating element.
La forme générale de l'élément chauffant est donc rectangulaire. Dans la forme illustrée, l'élément chauffant comprend également une barre transversale (26) qui supporte le reste de l'élément chauffant, à savoir les barreaux chauffants (21 , 22) ainsi que le barreau non chauffant (23). Dans la forme illustrée à la figure 1 , les deux barreaux chauffant (21 , 22) sont reliés dans leur partie centrale par une entretoise (25), elle-même reliée à la barre transversale (26), pour assurer une rigidité de l'ensemble.The general shape of the heating element is therefore rectangular. In the illustrated form, the heating element also comprises a transverse bar (26) which supports the rest of the heating element, namely the heating bars (21, 22) as well as the non-heating bar (23). In the form illustrated in Figure 1, the two heating bars (21, 22) are connected in their central part by a spacer (25), itself connected to the crossbar (26), to ensure a rigidity of the together.
La barre (26) comprend, à chacune de ses extrémités, une portion inclinée (27, 28), elle-même reliée à une bague (29, 30) montée dans les parois latérales (5, 6). Ces bagues (29, 30) font office de paliers, et sont réalisées en un matériau ayant de bonnes propriétés de frottement pour pivoter de manière fiable dans la tôle formant l'enceinte du volume intérieur (3). A titre de variante économique de mise en œuvre de l'invention, une seule bague est utilisée dans l'une des parois. La seconde paroi comporte alors un simple orifice assurant la rotation de l'élément chauffant (20).The bar (26) comprises, at each of its ends, an inclined portion (27, 28), itself connected to a ring (29, 30) mounted in the side walls (5, 6). These rings (29, 30) act as bearings, and are made of a material having good friction properties to pivot so reliable in the sheet forming the enclosure of the interior volume (3). As an economical variant of implementing the invention, a single ring is used in one of the walls. The second wall then has a single orifice ensuring the rotation of the heating element (20).
Les bornes (32, 33) de l'élément chauffant sont également reliées à la bague (30) de manière à assurer l'alimentation électrique de la résistance. Dans l'exemple de réalisation présenté, ces bornes de liaisons sont aussi des parties froides, comme précédemment expliqué. Il peut être envisagé, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, que chacune des bornes de connexion (32, 33) de l'élément chauffant (20) soit reliée à l'une des bagues (29, 30) sur les parois opposées.The terminals (32, 33) of the heating element are also connected to the ring (30) so as to ensure the electrical supply of the resistor. In the embodiment presented, these connection terminals are also cold parts, as previously explained. It can be envisaged, without departing from the scope of the invention, that each of the connection terminals (32, 33) of the heating element (20) is connected to one of the rings (29, 30) on the opposite walls .
Dans la forme illustrée à la figure 1 , l'élément chauffant pivotant (20) est disposé à proximité de la sole (7) du four.In the form illustrated in Figure 1, the pivoting heating element (20) is arranged near the bottom (7) of the oven.
Conformément à l'invention, l'élément chauffant (20) peut être pivoté pour venir dans la position illustrée à la figure 2 dans laquelle il se trouve approximativement à mi-hauteur du volume intérieur (3) du four. Ce mouvement de pivotement ou de retournement s'effectue autour de l'axe (24) reliant les bagues (29, 30) par un soulèvement du barreau chauffant (22). Ainsi, dans la configuration de la figure 2, le volume intérieur (2) du four est divisé en deux demi-espaces (35, 36) superposés.According to the invention, the heating element (20) can be pivoted to come into the position illustrated in Figure 2 in which it is located approximately halfway up the interior volume (3) of the oven. This pivoting or turning movement takes place around the axis (24) connecting the rings (29, 30) by lifting the heating bar (22). Thus, in the configuration of Figure 2, the interior volume (2) of the oven is divided into two superimposed half-spaces (35, 36).
La géométrie de l'élément chauffant et son positionnement ainsi que celui de l'axe de pivotement sont déterminés pour assurer l'optimisation de la puissance de chauffe tout en autorisant le pivotement caractéristique. Ces paramètres dimensionnels sont plus clairement visibles aux figures 3 et 4. Ainsi, l'élément chauffant possède une longueur L1 , mesurée dans le sens de la profondeur P du four, qui est voisine de la moitié de cette profondeur P, voire plus importante. Les bagues (29, 30), et plus précisément l'axe de pivotement (24) de l'élément chauffant (1 ) est situé à une distance D1 de la paroi (9) du fond du four, sensiblement à mi-profondeur. Cet axe de pivotement est situé à une hauteur D2 mesurée depuis la sole (7) du four. L'élément chauffant (20) est positionné par rapport à l'axe de pivotement (24) de façon excentrée. Ainsi, la barre de support (26), perpendiculaire au plan défini par les barreaux (21 , 22) est plus proche du barreau chauffant (21 ) que du barreau chauffant (22). Cette barre représente également la projection orthogonale de l'axe de pivotement (24) sur le plan défini par les deux barreaux (21 , 22).The geometry of the heating element and its positioning as well as that of the pivot axis are determined to ensure the optimization of the heating power while allowing the characteristic pivoting. These dimensional parameters are more clearly visible in Figures 3 and 4. Thus, the heating element has a length L1, measured in the direction of the depth P of the oven, which is close to half of this depth P, or even greater. The rings (29, 30), and more precisely the pivot axis (24) of the heating element (1) is located at a distance D1 from the wall (9) of the bottom of the furnace, substantially at mid-depth. This pivot axis is located at a height D2 measured from the bottom (7) of the oven. The heating element (20) is positioned relative to the pivot axis (24) eccentrically. Thus, the support bar (26), perpendicular to the plane defined by the bars (21, 22) is closer to the heating bar (21) than to the heating bar (22). This bar also represents the orthogonal projection of the pivot axis (24) on the plane defined by the two bars (21, 22).
Plus précisément, cette barre de support (26) est distante d'une longueur L2 par rapport au barreau chauffant (21), cette longueur étant nettement inférieure à la moitié de la longueur L1 de l'élément chauffant. En pratique, la longueur L2 est comprise entre 20 et 45% de la longueur L1.More specifically, this support bar (26) is distant by a length L2 relative to the heating bar (21), this length being significantly less than half the length L1 of the heating element. In practice, the length L2 is between 20 and 45% of the length L1.
La distance H2 séparant la sole (7) du plan de l'élément chauffant (20) est déterminée pour autoriser le passage du barreau chauffant (21) lors de son pivotement.The distance H2 separating the hearth (7) from the plane of the heating element (20) is determined to authorize the passage of the heating bar (21) during its pivoting.
Du fait de la disposition excentrée de l'axe de pivotement par rapport aux barreaux, et notamment la faible distance L2 séparant la barre de support (26) du barreau (21 ) définissant l'un des bords longitudinal de l'élément chauffant, il est alors possible de positionner ledit élément chauffant très proche de la paroi horizontale de sole.Due to the eccentric arrangement of the pivot axis relative to the bars, and in particular the short distance L2 separating the support bar (26) from the bar (21) defining one of the longitudinal edges of the heating element, it it is then possible to position said heating element very close to the horizontal hearth wall.
La distance H1 séparant l'axe de pivotement (24) du plan de l'élément chauffant (20) est ajustée aux dimensions du four et aux fonctions que l'on souhaite mettre en œuvre, et notamment de la seconde position de travail souhaitée. Selon l'exemple proposé, la seconde position de travail est située dans la moitié supérieure du four, ce qui place l'axe de pivotement dans le premier tiers inférieur de la hauteur du four.The distance H1 separating the pivot axis (24) from the plane of the heating element (20) is adjusted to the dimensions of the oven and to the functions which it is desired to implement, and in particular the desired second working position. According to the example proposed, the second working position is located in the upper half of the oven, which places the pivot axis in the first lower third of the height of the oven.
Selon l'exemple proposé, et comme illustré à la figure 3, l'élément chauffant est positionné plutôt au fond du four, alors que l'élément chauffant fixe (10) se trouve quant à lui plutôt du côté de l'ouverture du four. Lorsque l'élément chauffant pivotant (20) a été retourné, et qu'il se retrouve dans la configuration illustrée en pointillés à la figure 3, l'élément chauffant (20) se trouve sensiblement en regard de l'élément chauffant fixe (10), à une distance D3 voisine de H/2, selon l'exemple proposé. La distance D4 séparant le barreau chauffant (22) de l'ouverture du four est de l'ordre de 50 millimètres.According to the proposed example, and as illustrated in FIG. 3, the heating element is positioned rather at the bottom of the oven, while the fixed heating element (10) is located on the side of the opening of the oven. . When the pivoting heating element (20) has been turned over, and is found in the configuration illustrated in dotted lines in FIG. 3, the heating element (20) is substantially opposite the fixed heating element (10), at a distance D3 close to H / 2, according to the example proposed. The distance D4 separating the heating rod (22) from the opening of the furnace is of the order of 50 millimeters.
Dans la configuration illustrée à la figure 3, le four peut accueillir une, voire deux grilles ou tôles (42, 43). Chacune de ces tôles (42, 43) étant en regard d'un élément chauffant (10, 20), la distance les séparant de ces éléments étant comprise entre un tiers et un quart de la hauteur H du four. Il peut également être prévu un emplacement de grille à égale distance des deux éléments chauffants, lorsque l'élément chauffant mobile est situé à proximité de la paroi de sole, c'est à dire dans sa première position de travail.In the configuration illustrated in Figure 3, the oven can accommodate one, or even two grids or sheets (42, 43). Each of these sheets (42, 43) being opposite a heating element (10, 20), the distance separating them from these elements being between a third and a quarter of the height H of the oven. It is also possible to provide a grid location equidistant from the two heating elements, when the mobile heating element is located near the hearth wall, that is to say in its first working position.
Les différentes positions de l'élément chauffant mobile (20) ne nuisent pas au coulissement des grilles.The different positions of the mobile heating element (20) do not affect the sliding of the grids.
Ces différentes positions potentielles des grilles permettent d'assurer les multiples modes de fonctionnement du four, soit en fonctionnement tel un four traditionnel, soit en mode "rapide" où le volume du four est réduit par la rotation de l'élément chauffant mobile dans sa seconde position de travail, ce dernier mode permettant également d'assurer la cuisson de deux aliments simultanément avec une bonne efficacité de chauffage compte tenu de la proximité des éléments chauffants par rapport aux grilles (42, 43).These different potential positions of the grids make it possible to ensure the multiple modes of operation of the oven, either in operation like a traditional oven, or in "fast" mode where the volume of the oven is reduced by the rotation of the mobile heating element in its second working position, this latter mode also making it possible to ensure the cooking of two foods simultaneously with good heating efficiency taking into account the proximity of the heating elements relative to the grids (42, 43).
Afin d'améliorer les performances de cuisson, notamment lorsque l'élément chauffant mobile (20) est dans sa seconde position de travail, à distance des parois de sole et de voûte, il est associé à une plaque. Celle-ci peut être soit une plaque réfléchissante qui est alors située sous l'élément chauffant, permettant d'orienter le rayonnement, soit une plaque absorbante associée à une plaque de cuisson qui est alors positionnée sur l'élément chauffant (20). Cette plaque peut être "multifonction" et incorporer un récupérateur de miettes ou de jus de cuisson.In order to improve the cooking performance, in particular when the mobile heating element (20) is in its second working position, at a distance from the hearth and vault walls, it is associated with a plate. This can be either a reflective plate which is then located under the heating element, making it possible to orient the radiation, or an absorbent plate associated with a cooking plate which is then positioned on the heating element (20). This plate can be "multifunction" and incorporate a crumb or cooking juicer.
Il peut alors être prévu, soit un emplacement précis dans le four pour de telles plaques, soit des dispositifs d'accrochage spécifiques des plaques sur l'élément chauffant mobile.It can then be provided either a precise location in the oven for such plates, or specific hooking devices for the plates on the movable heating element.
En pratique, et comme illustré à la figure 4, le pivotement de l'élément chauffant (20) peut être obtenu par l'actionnement d'un bouton de commande (45) situé en face avant du four.In practice, and as illustrated in FIG. 4, the pivoting of the heating element (20) can be obtained by actuating a control button (45) located on the front face of the oven.
Ce bouton (45) est relié à un câble de torsion (46) lui-même solidarisé à son extrémité opposée (47) à la bague pivotante (30). De la sorte, le mouvement du bouton (45) se traduit directement par le pivotement de l'élément chauffant pivotant.This button (45) is connected to a twist cable (46) itself secured at its opposite end (47) to the pivoting ring (30). In this way, the movement of the button (45) results directly in the pivoting of the pivoting heating element.
Bien entendu, d'autres variantes d'actionnement peuvent être envisagées telles qu'un bouton situé dans l'axe de pivotement sur une face latérale du four, ou bien encore un actionnement manuel.Of course, other actuation variants can be envisaged such as a button located in the pivot axis on a side face of the oven, or even manual actuation.
Le four peut être équipé comme illustré à la figure 1 de différents autres boutons de commande tel qu'un thermostat (49) ou une minuterie (48).The oven can be equipped as illustrated in FIG. 1 with various other control buttons such as a thermostat (49) or a timer (48).
Il ressort de ce qui précède que le four conforme à l'invention présente de multiples avantages et notamment la possibilité de passer d'une configuration de four traditionnel, offrant un espace de cuisson monovolume, à un four multicuisson offrant deux demi espaces de cuisson. Cette configuration se fait de façon très aisée, avec un minimum de pièces mécaniques, ce qui améliore la fiabilité de l'ensemble. It appears from the above that the oven according to the invention has multiple advantages and in particular the possibility of switching from a traditional oven configuration, offering a monovolume cooking space, to a multi-cooking oven offering two half cooking spaces. This configuration is very easy, with a minimum of mechanical parts, which improves the reliability of the assembly.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Four de cuisson électrique (1 ) comportant : un volume intérieur (3) de forme générale parallélépipédique, possédant des parois horizontales supérieure (8) et inférieure (7), et des parois latérales (5, 6) ; et au moins un élément chauffant (20) constitué d'une ou de plusieurs zones chauffantes (21 , 22) sensiblement coplanaires, apte à adopter plusieurs positions à l'intérieur du volume intérieur (3), caractérisé en ce que ledit élément chauffant .(20) est monté pivotant autour d'un axe (24) perpendiculaire aux parois latérales (5, 6) et apte à être déplacé entre deux positions de chauffe, à savoir : une première position dans laquelle il est situé à proximité de la paroi horizontale inférieure (7), . une seconde position dans laquelle il est situé sensiblement horizontal à une distance déterminée de la paroi horizontale supérieure (8).1. Electric cooking oven (1) comprising: an interior volume (3) of generally parallelepiped shape, having upper (8) and lower (7) horizontal walls, and side walls (5, 6); and at least one heating element (20) consisting of one or more heating zones (21, 22) substantially coplanar, capable of adopting several positions inside the interior volume (3), characterized in that said heating element. (20) is pivotally mounted about an axis (24) perpendicular to the side walls (5, 6) and able to be moved between two heating positions, namely: a first position in which it is located near the wall lower horizontal (7),. a second position in which it is situated substantially horizontal at a determined distance from the upper horizontal wall (8).
2. Four selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant, dans sa seconde position, est situé entre 1/3 et 2/3 de la hauteur du volume intérieur du four.2. Oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element, in its second position, is located between 1/3 and 2/3 of the height of the interior volume of the oven.
3. Four selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant (20) pivote de 180° entre les première et seconde positions.3. Oven according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating element (20) pivots 180 ° between the first and second positions.
4. Four selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant (20) est monté pivotant par rapport aux deux parois latérales (5, 6).4. Oven according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating element (20) is pivotally mounted relative to the two side walls (5, 6).
5. Four selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant (20) comporte une alternance de zones susceptibles de générer, en fonctionnement, des puissances différentes.5. Oven according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating element (20) comprises an alternation of zones capable of generating, in operation, different powers.
6. Four selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant (20) est de type blindé et est constitué de zones droites (21 , 22) s'etendant sur sensiblement la largeur du four et reliées entre elles par des zones courbes.6. Oven according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating element (20) is of the shielded type and consists of straight zones (21, 22) extending over substantially the width of the oven and connected between them by curved zones.
7. Four selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les zones courbes présentent une densité de puissance inférieure aux zones droites (21 , 22).7. Oven according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the curved zones have a lower power density than the straight zones (21, 22).
8. Four selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la zone de l'élément chauffant (20) le reliant à l'axe de pivotement présente une densité de puissance inférieure aux zones droites (21 , 22).8. Oven according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the region of the heating element (20) connecting it to the pivot axis has a lower power density than the straight regions (21, 22).
9. Four selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la projection orthogonale de l'axe de pivotement (24) sur le plan défini par les zones droites (21 , 22) est située à l'intérieur de la surface délimitée par lesdites zones droites (21 , 22).9. Oven according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the orthogonal projection of the pivot axis (24) on the plane defined by the straight areas (21, 22) is located inside the surface bounded by said straight areas (21, 22).
10. Four selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant comporte deux zones droites (21 , 22) et en ce que l'axe de pivotement (24) est situé à une distance différente par rapport aux deux zones droites (21 , 22).10. Oven according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the heating element comprises two straight zones (21, 22) and in that the pivot axis (24) is located at a different distance from to the two straight areas (21, 22).
1 1. Four selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lorsque l'élément chauffant (20) est en première position, il est situé essentiellement en regard de la partie arrière de la paroi horizontale (7), alors que lorsqu'il est en seconde position, il est situé essentiellement en regard de la partie avant de la paroi horizontale (7).1 1. Oven according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the heating element (20) is in the first position, it is situated essentially opposite the rear part of the horizontal wall (7), whereas when 'it is in second position, it is located essentially opposite the front part of the horizontal wall (7).
12. Four selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un second élément chauffant (10) situé à proximité de la paroi horizontale (8) opposée à celle (7) en regard de laquelle vient l'élément pivotant (20) lorsqu'il occupe la première position de fonctionnement.12. Oven according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a second heating element (10) located near the horizontal wall (8) opposite that (7) opposite which the pivoting element comes (20) when it occupies the first operating position.
13. Four selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le second élément chauffant (10) est disposé sensiblement en regard de l'élément chauffant pivotant (20), lorsque ce dernier est dans la seconde position.13. Oven according to claim 12, characterized in that the second heating element (10) is disposed substantially opposite the pivoting heating element (20), when the latter is in the second position.
14. Four selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la puissance de l'élément chauffant monté pivotant est modulable selon le mode de cuisson recherché et/ou selon la position dudit élément chauffant.14. Oven according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power of the pivotally mounted heating element is adjustable according to the desired cooking mode and / or according to the position of said heating element.
15. Four selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le pivotement de l'élément chauffant est associé à au moins une commutation électrique liée à l'alimentation des éléments chauffants présents dans le four.15. Oven according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pivoting of the heating element is associated with at least one electrical switching linked to the supply of the heating elements present in the oven.
16. Four selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant monté pivotant est associé à un élément réfléchissant pour orienter le rayonnement.16. Oven according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pivotally mounted heating element is associated with a reflecting element to orient the radiation.
17. Four selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que l'élément réfléchissant comporte un récupérateur de miettes ou de jus de cuisson.17. Oven according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the reflective element comprises a crumb or cooking juice collector.
18. Four selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant monté pivotant est associé à un élément absorbant le rayonnement accolé à une plaque de cuisson.18. Oven according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the pivotally mounted heating element is associated with a radiation absorbing element attached to a hob.
19. Four selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant mobile est monté pivotant par rapport aux deux parois latérales (5,6) par une rotation vers l'arrière du four et peut occuper une troisième position ou l'élément chauffant est sensiblement perpendiculaire aux parois horizontales (7, 8).19. Oven according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mobile heating element is pivotally mounted relative to the two side walls (5,6) by a rotation towards the rear of the oven and can occupy a third position or the heating element is substantially perpendicular to the horizontal walls (7, 8).
20. Four selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un bouton rotatif (45) commandant le pivotement de l'élément chauffant (20).20. Oven according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a rotary button (45) controlling the pivoting of the heating element (20).
21. Four selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le volume intérieur (3) comporte des emplacements destinés à recevoir des grilles (42, 43) situés respectivement sensiblement à un tiers et deux tiers de la hauteur21. Oven according to claim 12, characterized in that the interior volume (3) comprises locations intended to receive grids (42, 43) situated respectively substantially at one third and two thirds of the height
H du volume intérieur (3). H of the interior volume (3).
EP02702444A 2001-01-30 2002-01-25 Electric oven with pivoting heating element Withdrawn EP1356237A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0101239 2001-01-30
FR0101239A FR2820194A1 (en) 2001-01-30 2001-01-30 ELECTRIC COOKING OVEN WITH PIVOTING HEATING ELEMENT
PCT/FR2002/000318 WO2002061341A1 (en) 2001-01-30 2002-01-25 Electric oven with pivoting heating element

Publications (1)

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EP1356237A1 true EP1356237A1 (en) 2003-10-29

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WO (1) WO2002061341A1 (en)

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US20100044362A1 (en) * 2008-08-19 2010-02-25 Ya-Ping Huang Oven Having An Adjustable Effective Heating Space
ITTV20110058A1 (en) * 2011-05-05 2012-11-06 Luca Civiero BUILT-IN GRILL
JP6703481B2 (en) * 2013-12-16 2020-06-03 デ ルーカ オーブン テクノロジーズ、 エルエルシー Wire mesh heating element and woven angle wire mesh continuous updating device
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