EP1355327A2 - Surge voltage arrester and method to produce such a surge voltage arrester - Google Patents
Surge voltage arrester and method to produce such a surge voltage arrester Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1355327A2 EP1355327A2 EP02405343A EP02405343A EP1355327A2 EP 1355327 A2 EP1355327 A2 EP 1355327A2 EP 02405343 A EP02405343 A EP 02405343A EP 02405343 A EP02405343 A EP 02405343A EP 1355327 A2 EP1355327 A2 EP 1355327A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- surge arrester
- electrodes
- housing
- arrester according
- resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/102—Varistor boundary, e.g. surface layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors; Arresters
- H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure
Definitions
- the invention is based on a surge arrester according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- the invention also relates to a method for Manufacture of such a surge arrester.
- the surge arrester contains two fixed power connections and one non-linear electrical resistance, containing two in the direction of an axis from each other spaced electrodes and a resistance body from one Polymer composite with a polymeric matrix and one in the matrix embedded, powdery filler with varistor behavior.
- the filler contains generally a sintered varistor granulate with predominantly spherical Doped metal oxide particles. The particles are crystalline, through Grain boundaries separate grains. Over there comparable surge arresters with non-linear resistors Additional processes based on a sintered ceramic can be omitted Surge arrester relatively simple and in a wide variety of shapes getting produced.
- a surge arrester of the aforementioned type can be used, for example, in DE 198 24 104 A1 or R.Strümpler, P.Kluge-Weiss and F.Greuter "Smart Varistor Composites ", Proceedings of the 8th CIMTECH-World Ceramic Congress and Forum on New Materials, Symposium VI (Florence, June 29 - July 4, 1994) be removed.
- This surge arrester contains a non-linear one electrical resistance with a resistance body from a one Polymer matrix and a composite material contained therein powder.
- the powder used is a granulate which was produced by sintering a spray-dried varistor powder on the basis of a zinc oxide doped with oxides of Bi, Sb, Mn, Co, Al and / or other metals. These granules have spherical particles shaped like a soccer ball with varistor behavior, which are made up of crystalline grains separated by grain boundaries. The diameter of these particles is up to 300 ⁇ m.
- the electrical properties of the sintered granulate such as the non-linearity coefficient ⁇ B or the breakdown field strength U B [V / mm] can be set over a wide range.
- two electrodes are cast into the polymer composite during the manufacture of the resistance body or, after the resistance body has been manufactured, applied in the form of a metal layer to its surface.
- EP 0 875 087 B1 describes a composite material based on a polymeric in particular elastomeric, matrix and a powder embedded in this matrix described.
- a granulate is used as powder, which also by Sintering a spray-dried varistor powder based on one with oxides produced from Bi, Sb, Mn, Co, Al and / or other metals doped zinc oxide has been.
- These granules have a spherical shape shaped like a football Particles with varistor behavior, which consist of crystalline, through grain boundaries separate grains are constructed.
- the particles have diameters up to a maximum of 125 ⁇ m and have a size distribution, which one Gaussian distribution follows.
- This material is used in cable connections and Cable terminations used and forms voltage-controlling layers there.
- a surge arrester with a varistor based on microspheres doped zinc oxide, which is first sintered and then pressed or only pressed and then sintered is known from US 5,231,370 A. Since the microspheres as The initial product for the varistor is initially in the form of a gel Production of the surge arrester is relatively complex. Besides, it is not exclude that when sintering between the individual microspheres Air gaps remain, which are the dielectric strength of the varistor and thus also reduce the surge arrester. In the above Document also mentions that sintered microspheres are not only considered Varistors, but also used as a filler for electrical rubber goods can be.
- No. 5,955,936 A describes a PTC resistor made of a polymer composite, containing a polymer matrix and an electrically conductive embedded therein Filler. To contact this resistor, two electrodes are made a metal foam, which is used directly or via conductive layers are electrically conductively connected to the composite.
- the object of the invention is as set out in the claims based on specifying a surge arrester of the type mentioned in the introduction, which is easy to manufacture despite good protection characteristics, and at the same time to create a process with which to solve a very economical variety of surge arresters required for various protection tasks can be manufactured.
- the resistance body of formed a cold formable polymer composite and to form a non-linear electrical resistance pressed between two electrodes. Because of the cold deformability, the resistance body is more constant Surface pressure on the electrodes, so that inhomogeneities on the Interface between the resistance body and electrodes avoided and a low contact resistance is achieved.
- Current surges occurring as a result of switching operations or lightning strikes with high Current amplitudes can be due to the homogeneous and low-impedance Contact resistance between the electrodes and the resistance body be safely led in resistance without one leading to premature Failure of the surge arrester leading to local overheating non-linear resistance is to be feared.
- a particularly uniform surface pressure is achieved if the matrix of a polymer based on a liquid, a gel or an elastomer is formed and preferably contains a silicone or a mixture of silicones.
- suitable polymers are flexible polyurethanes, epoxies, fats or oils.
- the filler-containing surfaces of the resistance body lie to the electrodes. Due to the direct contact of the varistor property having filler particles with the electrodes Contact resistance and thus the ohmic resistance of the non-linear Resistance when discharging an overvoltage is kept low.
- the surge arrester preferably has a resistance body housing.
- the nonlinear resistance is not just that protected housed, but it is also the housing Surface pressure necessary force absorbed. This force can be particularly effectively by a preloaded spring or by pressing one precursor element of the cold-formable polymer composite Resistor body are generated between the electrodes. Because here the Resistance body because of the cold deformability of the polymer composite in generally with a lateral surface arranged between the two electrodes is supported on the housing, the dimensions of the precursor element still quite significantly from the definitive dimensions of the resistance body differ. Such a surge arrester according to the invention can be manufactured extremely inexpensively.
- the housing is elastic is deformable or shrinkable.
- the for pressing the Resistance body necessary force can be by tensioning or by Shrinkage of the housing are generated.
- the housing is stiffened in the direction of the axis and in the circumferential direction train elastically deformable.
- the longitudinal stiffening can, for example, by a predominantly axially directed, steep cross wrap can be achieved.
- the Longitudinal stiffeners are the dimensions of the resistance body in axial Direction kept constant. Those caused by warming Volume changes of the resistance body then act because of this Cold formability in changes in its radial dimensions. This Changes are made from the elastically deformable in the circumferential direction Housing added.
- the surge arrester developed in this way can adapt to the prevailing operating conditions through "breathing".
- the composite executed as a paste and then it has a polymer with a relatively low Viscosity, such as oil in particular, the polymer also reaches a Volume change of the resistance body or the polymer composite is not outward.
- the volume change of the resistance body can also be done electrically conductive, cold-formable and reversibly compressible intermediate layer be compensated for between the composite and one of the two Electrodes is arranged. This layer can also be used for the electrical Contact between the resistance body and the electrode can be improved.
- Surge arrester from at least one of the two electrodes is porous.
- the material of the resistance body then hugs when pressing particularly close to the porous and therefore rough surface of the Resistance body and then penetrates into the pores at the same time.
- To a Passing through the material of the resistance body especially when used a liquid matrix, to prevent and to form a uniform
- the size of the pores at least in one direction to the axis for example perpendicular or parallel to it, not be significantly larger than that average size of the filler particles.
- Suitable materials for a porous electrode are metal nonwovens, especially those based on stainless steel, copper or bronze, metal foams, advantageously those based on nickel or aluminum, or sintered bodies, preferably based on bronze, brass, copper, silver or nickel. These materials not only have good electrical properties, but can also be firmly integrated into the resistance body to form a low contact resistance. Boundary layer problems leading to the failure of the surge arrester are largely avoided in this way. The boundary layer between the electrode and the resistor does not become a power-limiting factor even with high current loads, so that power consumption of up to 200J / cm 2 is possible. If the porous electrode is designed as a metal fleece or as a metal foam, it can easily be deformed by pressing. The desired pore size can thus be generated in a particularly simple manner. By punching, embossing, grinding or other similar mechanical processing methods, the porous electrode can be given a predetermined desired geometric shape.
- the porous electrode made of such a material can optionally have a very small layer thickness, for example 0.1 mm.
- the electrode has a supporting body that holds it high mechanical strength. Typical layer thicknesses move between 0.1 and 10 mm.
- the connection between porous electrode and current-carrying body is advantageously by soldering, gluing with conductive Gluing, sintering (sintered electrodes) or ultrasonic welding.
- the surge arrester according to the invention can be particularly advantageous manufacture if from a starting body formed by the polymer composite a cold deformable precursor element is separated, and if that Precursor element with the formation of contact surfaces between two electrodes arranged and forming the nonlinear electrical resistance is pressed.
- the precursor element is in the form of a disc or have plate.
- the starting body is then expedient after kind of a sausage or a band. Then he can go through Extrusion can be produced continuously and the precursor element can be Separation of the pane or plate can be achieved very easily.
- the Surge arresters can not only be manufactured extremely cost-effectively, A control of the weight of the precursor elements can also be used constant quality of the surge arrester within a narrow Tolerance range can be reached. Due to the possibility of producing the Surge arrester the resistance body when pressing the Giving precursor elements different shapes can be done in very simple Instruct the electrical properties of the surge arrester different protection requirements can be adjusted.
- the polymer composite is in the form of a gel or paste, one can advantageous development of the inventive method Precursor element in one closable and two fixed Housing containing electrodes pressed and the housing after reaching a predetermined pressure value are closed. Through this Process steps are carried out with particularly simple means and without additional Machining a precisely adapted to practically any housing geometry Resistance body reached.
- this can Precursor element in a not necessarily closable Housing can be used, then the precursor element with two Electrodes contacted and then by moving one of the two Electrodes are pressed up to a predetermined pressure value. hereby can be a good enough for many applications in a particularly simple manner Surge arresters are manufactured.
- the surge arrester shown in Figure 1 has a hollow cylinder executed housing 1, in each of which at the upper and lower ends designated internal thread is embedded.
- the one at the top Internal thread works together with the external thread as a screw executed power connector 2, while the one provided at the lower end Internal thread also interacts with the external thread as Screw made power connector 3.
- a compression spring 4 is between the two Power connections 2 and 3 arranged along the cylinder axis, not designated are a compression spring 4 as well as in each case from top to bottom Circular disk executed a pressure body 5, an electrode 6 Resistor body 7 and an electrode 8.
- the housing 1 is made of a mechanically and electrically high-quality insulating material educated.
- a suitable insulating material is, for example, a ceramic, such as Porcelain, or a plastic based on a polymer, such as one preferably fiber-reinforced thermoset, in particular an epoxy, or one Thermoplastic, such as an acrylate, such as PMMA.
- a ceramic such as Porcelain
- a plastic based on a polymer such as one preferably fiber-reinforced thermoset, in particular an epoxy, or one Thermoplastic, such as an acrylate, such as PMMA.
- For outdoor use can provide the housing with ribs or shields that extend the creepage distance be made of a material suitable for outdoor use.
- the housing takes over especially support and support functions.
- the power connections 2 and 3, the pressure plate 5 and the electrodes 6 and 8 are each formed by an electrically highly conductive metal.
- Such metals are typically copper, nickel, aluminum, stainless steel and alloys on the Base copper, such as bronze or brass, and / or aluminum.
- Sintered bodies primarily made of bronze, brass, copper, nickel, are used as electrodes or silver, metal foam, such as fine-pored nickel foam or coarse-pored, uniaxially compressed aluminum foam, metal fleece or mesh, compressible graphite in layer or foil form, on solid bases sintered porous metal layers, such as bronze, or sandblasted Metal body, such as aluminum or copper, is used.
- the porous Metal layers can be sintered in one or more layers and thicker about 0.1 mm and up to a few centimeters.
- Electrodes 6, 8 are given a well-defined shape, with the Shaping especially make sure that the electrodes on their Have contact surface on the resistance body 7 rounded edges.
- the compression spring can be made of a highly conductive metal alloy, such as on the Base made of steel or bronze, but can also be made from a moderate or non-conductive material, such as plastic. In general it is Compression spring over several current conductor elements acting as a contact band bridged. These elements not shown in Fig.1 connect the Power connection 2 and the pressure plate 5 with each other in an electrically conductive manner.
- the resistance body is made from a cold-formable polymer composite a polymeric matrix and a powdery one embedded in the matrix Filler formed with varistor behavior.
- the polymer forming the matrix is in the generally a gel or an elastomer, preferably each based on Silicone, but can also be a liquid, such as preferably an oil, for example the base mineral or silicone oil.
- the filler contains varistor particles doped metal oxide with a predominantly spherical structure, the particles composed of crystalline grains separated by grain boundaries are. Production and properties of the filler are in the stated state of the Technology described. To improve the electrical contact between the individual varistor particles and thus the energy consumption of the Surge arrester, the filler can contain a few percent by weight of metal powder contain.
- This Intermediate layers generally consist of an electrically highly conductive, compressible polymer composite, preferably one with conductive powder, such as nickel or titanium diboride, and especially polymeric hollow microspheres (such as those sold under the trade name Expancel) filled polymeric gel, but can also be used as an electrically conductive foam or as another electrically conductive, compressible body with spring action (fleece, Tissue).
- the intermediate layers 12, 13 not only improve that electrical contact, but can also change the volume of the Compensate resistance body 7. In this way you prevent extremely effectively Overstretch a rigid housing.
- a resistor body typical of the surge arrester according to the invention had the following formulation in parts by weight (GT): SYLGARD 527 A 100 GT SYLGARD 527 B 100 GT filler 1000 GT
- SYLGARD is one of Dow Corning under this trade name distributed silicone resin.
- the filler corresponded to that in the prior art Filler described in DE 198 24 104 A1.
- the polymer composite was made by mixing the above Output components manufactured.
- the components were Mixed room temperature and then at a negative pressure of typically 50 vented up to 100 mbar.
- the filler is pre-evacuated at a pressure of approx. 1 mbar and then at a Pressure of approx. 100 mbar with that by mixing the two aforementioned Resin components formed silicone infiltrates.
- the infiltrated samples were spun in a centrifuge.
- a high degree of filling can be achieved by squeezing out excess Silicone resin can be achieved. After a curing time of approx. 24 hours at A cold-formable, rubber-like polymer material became room temperature educated.
- the polymer composite was in shape of a sausage-shaped body and was made from it as Precursor element for the resistance body 7 a substantially circular trained material disc separated.
- This precursor element was in the already housing 1 containing the power connection 3 and the electrode 8 brought. Thereafter, the electrode 6, the pressure body 5 and brought the compression spring 4 into the housing 1 and then the one thus formed
- the stack is screwed using the power connector 2.
- the compression spring 4 compressed.
- the pressure plate 5 loaded with compression force now presses the Electrodes 6 and 8 from above and from below against the precursor element. Because of its good cold formability, this element is used in one relatively low pressure of a few, for example 1 to 2, bar to Resistor body 7 pressed.
- This resistance body 7 has two Gaps without a gap on the electrodes 6 and 8 and one without gaps on the inner surface of the casing. By pressing becomes a nonlinear electrical inserted into the housing without a gap Resistance formed. The pressure is also a sufficiently high one and evenly distributed contact pressure between the Filler particles and the electrodes reached. A metallization of the face of the resistance body 7 can therefore be omitted.
- Example 4 relates to an embodiment of the invention Surge arrester, in which the polymer composite as a paste with approx. 85 Parts by volume of filler and approx. 15 parts by volume of silicone oil.
- the Electrodes were made of sintered bronze.
- the electrode 6 made of nickel foam and the Electrode 8 consist of a sintered bronze and can also be shown as both electrodes 6 and 8 by gluing, soldering, sintering or welding the pressure plate 5 or the power connection 3.
- you can both electrodes are made of the same material, such as sintered bronze, and can only one or neither of the two electrodes with the associated electrical conductive support body.
- surge arresters according to the invention though they were made much easier and cheaper, electrical Have properties that match the corresponding properties of a the surge arrester largely manufactured to match.
- the surge arrester designed according to sample 4 with a pasty polymer composite can perform particularly well take up. This surge arrester can be used anywhere where the surge arrester requires a high level of energy absorption.
- a paste designed Polymer composite liquid polymer that is highly filled with filler
- a weakly cross-linked, filled gel the one marked with arrows Precursor element through an opening 9 in a closable Housing 10 are pressed.
- the two electrodes 6 and 8 are fixed in the Housing arranged. Since they are guided through the housing wall, they can also be used as a power connection.
- the pressing force in Housing interior of the resistance body formed, which to the gapless Inside of the housing, in particular the two electrodes 6 and 8, is pressed.
- the opening 9 for example squeezing one Housing approach 11
- the surge arrester can be completed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig.1
- eine Aufsicht auf einen Schnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform eines Überspannungsableiters nach der Erfindung,
- Fig.2
- eine Aufsicht auf einen Schnitt durch ein Gehäuse einer zweiten Ausführungsform des Überspannungsableiters nach der Erfindung während des Füllens mit einem als Gel ausgeführten Polymerverbundstoff.
| SYLGARD 527 A | 100 GT |
| SYLGARD 527 B | 100 GT |
| Füllstoff | 1000 GT |
| Probe | UB[V/mm] | αB | P [J/cm3] |
| 1 | 229 | 41 | 62 |
| 2 | 233 | 44 | 80 |
| 3 | 220 | 30 | 77 |
| 4 | 159 | 55 | 201 |
- 1
- Gehäuse
- 2, 3
- Stromanschlüsse
- 4
- Druckfeder
- 5
- Druckkörper
- 6, 8
- Elektroden
- 7
- Widerstandskörper
- 9
- Öffnung
- 10
- Gehäuse
- 11
- Gehäuseansatz
- 12, 13
- Zwischenschichten
Claims (20)
- Überspannungsableiter mit zwei feststehend gehaltenen Stromanschlüssen (2, 3) und mit einem nichtlinearen elektrischen Widerstand, enthaltend zwei in Richtung einer Achse voneinander beabstandete Elektroden (6, 8) und einen Widerstandskörper (7) aus einer Matrix und einem in die Matrix eingebetteten, pulverförmigen Füllstoff mit Varistorverhalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstandskörper (7) von einem kaltverformbaren Verbundstoff gebildet und unter Bildung des nichtlinearen elektrischen Widerstands zwischen den beiden Elektroden (6, 8) verpresst ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Matrix von einem Polymer auf der Basis einer Flüssigkeit, eines Gels oder eines Elastomers, vorzugsweise auf der Basis von Silicon, gebildet ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Füllstoff enthaltende Flächen des Widerstandskörpers (7) an den Elektroden (6, 8) anliegen.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstandskörper (7) in einem Gehäuse (1,10) angeordnet ist, welches die zur Verpressung des Widerstandskörpers (7) notwendige Kraft aufnimmt.
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstandskörper (7) mit einer zwischen den beiden Elektroden (6, 8) angeordneten Mantelfläche auf dem Gehäuse (1, 10) abgestützt ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraft durch eine Feder (4) erzeugt ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden feststehend im Gehäuse gehalten sind, und dass die Kraft beim Einpressen eines aus dem kaltverformbaren Verbundstoffs gebildeten Vorläuferelements des Widerstandskörpers zwischen die Elektroden erzeugt ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (1, 10) elastisch verformbar oder schrumpfbar ausgebildet ist, und dass die Kraft durch Entspannen des vorgespannten Gehäuses oder durch Schrumpfen des Gehäuses erzeugt ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (1, 10) in Richtung der Achse längsversteift und in Umfangsrichtung elastisch verformbar ausgebildet ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse mehrteilig ausgeführt ist, und dass die Kraft durch Verspannen zweier relativ zueinander bewegbarer Teile des Gehäuses erzeugt ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der beiden Elektroden (6, 8) porös ausgeführt ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grösse der Poren in einer vorgegebenen Richtung zur Achse nicht grösser ist als die mittlere Grösse der Füllstoffteilchen.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Elektrode (6, 8) als Metallvlies, Metallschaum oder Sinterkörper ausgeführt ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Metallvlies, Metallschaum oder Sinterkörper auf einen als Stromanschluss (3) oder Druckplatte (5) ausgeführten Tragkörper des Überspannungsableiters aufgebracht sind.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Verbundstoff und einer der beiden Elektroden (6, 8) eine elektrisch leitende, kaltverformbare und reversibel komprimierbare Zwischenschicht (12, 13) angeordnet ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbundstoff in einem nach aussen abgedichteten Teil des Gehäuses (1) vorgesehen ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus einem vom Polymerverbundstoff gebildeten Ausgangskörper ein kaltverformbares Vorläuferelement abgetrennt wird, und dass das Vorläuferelement unter Bildung von Auflageflächen zwischen zwei Elektroden (6, 8) angeordnet und unter Bildung des nichtlinearen elektrischen Widerstands verpresst wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Ausbildung des Polymerverbundstoffs als Gel oder Paste das Vorläuferelement in ein verschliessbares und zwei feststehend gehaltene Elektroden (6, 8) enthaltendes Gehäuse (10) gepresst wird, und dass nach Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Druckwerts das Gehäuse (10) verschlossen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Ausbildung des Polymerverbundstoffs als Elastomer das Vorläuferelement in ein Gehäuse (1) eingesetzt, mit zwei Elektroden (6, 8) kontaktiert und nachfolgend durch Verschieben einer (6) der beiden Elektroden (6, 8) bis zu einem vorgegebenen Druckwert verpresst wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Vorläuferelement in Form einer Scheibe oder Platte von einem wurst- oder bandförmig ausgebildeten Ausgangskörper abgetrennt wird.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02405343A EP1355327B1 (de) | 2002-04-18 | 2002-04-25 | Überspannungsableiter und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Überspannungsableiters |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02405318 | 2002-04-18 | ||
| EP02405318 | 2002-04-18 | ||
| EP02405343A EP1355327B1 (de) | 2002-04-18 | 2002-04-25 | Überspannungsableiter und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Überspannungsableiters |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1355327A2 true EP1355327A2 (de) | 2003-10-22 |
| EP1355327A8 EP1355327A8 (de) | 2003-12-17 |
| EP1355327A3 EP1355327A3 (de) | 2005-01-05 |
| EP1355327B1 EP1355327B1 (de) | 2006-09-27 |
Family
ID=37102355
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02405343A Expired - Lifetime EP1355327B1 (de) | 2002-04-18 | 2002-04-25 | Überspannungsableiter und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Überspannungsableiters |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1355327B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE341086T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE50208251D1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2273988T3 (de) |
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| US12199412B2 (en) | 2022-06-02 | 2025-01-14 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd. | Surge protective devices, circuits, modules and systems including same |
| US12206234B2 (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2025-01-21 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Overvoltage protection device modules |
| US12437906B2 (en) | 2022-10-18 | 2025-10-07 | Raycap, S.A. | Surge protective devices |
| US12506334B2 (en) | 2022-01-24 | 2025-12-23 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules and assemblies |
| US12580381B2 (en) | 2023-12-04 | 2026-03-17 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Overvoltage protection device modules and sheath bonding systems including same |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5231370A (en) * | 1990-08-29 | 1993-07-27 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Zinc oxide varistors and/or resistors |
| US5955939A (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1999-09-21 | Taylor; John A. | Alarm station protector capable of being accessed by disabled individuals |
| DE19824104B4 (de) * | 1998-04-27 | 2009-12-24 | Abb Research Ltd. | Nichtlinearer Widerstand mit Varistorverhalten |
-
2002
- 2002-04-25 ES ES02405343T patent/ES2273988T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-25 AT AT02405343T patent/ATE341086T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-25 DE DE50208251T patent/DE50208251D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-25 EP EP02405343A patent/EP1355327B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8743525B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 | 2014-06-03 | Raycap Intellectual Property, Ltd | Overvoltage protection devices including wafer of varistor material |
| US9906017B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2018-02-27 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Modular overvoltage protection units |
| US10340688B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2019-07-02 | Ripd Ip Assets Ltd | Modular overvoltage protection units |
| US10734176B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2020-08-04 | Raycap, Surge Protective Devices, Ltd. | Surge protective device modules and DIN rail device systems including same |
| US10319545B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2019-06-11 | Iskra Za{hacek over (s)}{hacek over (c)}ite d.o.o. | Surge protective device modules and DIN rail device systems including same |
| US11165246B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2021-11-02 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Overvoltage protection device including multiple varistor wafers |
| US11881704B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2024-01-23 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Devices for active overvoltage protection including varistors and thyristors |
| US10707678B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2020-07-07 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Overvoltage protection device including multiple varistor wafers |
| US10447026B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2019-10-15 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Devices for active overvoltage protection |
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| US12237664B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2025-02-25 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Devices for active overvoltage protection including varistors and thyristors |
| US10340110B2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2019-07-02 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules including integral thermal disconnect mechanisms and methods including same |
| US10679814B2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2020-06-09 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules including integral thermal disconnect mechanisms and methods including same |
| US10685767B2 (en) | 2017-09-14 | 2020-06-16 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules and systems including same |
| US11223200B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2022-01-11 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Surge protective devices, circuits, modules and systems including same |
| US11862967B2 (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2024-01-02 | Raycap, S.A. | Surge protective device assembly modules |
| US11723145B2 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2023-08-08 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | PCB-mountable surge protective device modules and SPD circuit systems and methods including same |
| US11990745B2 (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2024-05-21 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Methods and systems for remote monitoring of surge protective devices |
| US12506334B2 (en) | 2022-01-24 | 2025-12-23 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules and assemblies |
| US12199412B2 (en) | 2022-06-02 | 2025-01-14 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd. | Surge protective devices, circuits, modules and systems including same |
| US12206234B2 (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2025-01-21 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Overvoltage protection device modules |
| US12437906B2 (en) | 2022-10-18 | 2025-10-07 | Raycap, S.A. | Surge protective devices |
| US12580381B2 (en) | 2023-12-04 | 2026-03-17 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Overvoltage protection device modules and sheath bonding systems including same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50208251D1 (de) | 2006-11-09 |
| EP1355327B1 (de) | 2006-09-27 |
| EP1355327A3 (de) | 2005-01-05 |
| ATE341086T1 (de) | 2006-10-15 |
| ES2273988T3 (es) | 2007-05-16 |
| EP1355327A8 (de) | 2003-12-17 |
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