EP1355196B1 - Toner, Tonerkartusche, Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Toner, Tonerkartusche, Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1355196B1
EP1355196B1 EP02252780A EP02252780A EP1355196B1 EP 1355196 B1 EP1355196 B1 EP 1355196B1 EP 02252780 A EP02252780 A EP 02252780A EP 02252780 A EP02252780 A EP 02252780A EP 1355196 B1 EP1355196 B1 EP 1355196B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toner
irregularly shaped
particles
image
spherical
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP02252780A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1355196A3 (de
EP1355196A2 (de
Inventor
Takuya c/o Oki Data Corporation Goto
Hiroaki c/o Oki Data Corporation Sato
Katsuyuki c/o Oki Data Corporation Ito
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Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd
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Oki Data Corp
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Priority claimed from JP2002107487A external-priority patent/JP2003005434A/ja
Application filed by Oki Data Corp filed Critical Oki Data Corp
Publication of EP1355196A2 publication Critical patent/EP1355196A2/de
Publication of EP1355196A3 publication Critical patent/EP1355196A3/de
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Publication of EP1355196B1 publication Critical patent/EP1355196B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0827—Developers with toner particles characterised by their shape, e.g. degree of sphericity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to toner used in an image-forming apparatus such as a printer and a facsimile that employ electrophotography.
  • the present invention further relates to an a toner cartridge that holds toner therein and an image-forming apparatus to which the toner cartridge is removably attached.
  • Electrophotography involves well-known photographic processes: charging, exposing, developing, transferring, fixing and cleaning.
  • a contact type charging device in which an electrically conductive charging roller receives a d-c high voltage and rotates in contact with an image-bearing body.
  • a contact type transferring device in which an electrically semiconductive sponge roller receives a d-c high voltage and transfers a toner image formed on the image-bearing body onto a recording medium.
  • Charging device and transferring device usually employ a corona charging device, which requires a high voltage source in the range of 5-10 kV. This high voltage source is very expensive.
  • a corona charging device is required to be immune to environmental changes because the potential of an image-bearing body varies with temperature.
  • corona discharge generates ozone, which in turn causes the characteristics of an electrostatic latent image-bearing body to deteriorate.
  • an ozone-absorbing filter is mounted to the image-forming apparatus to prevent ozone from escaping from the image-forming apparatus. This ozone-absorbing filter has a short life during which the filter can absorb ozone and decompose the absorbed ozone, and therefore should be replaced once in a while.
  • an electrically conductive roller having a resistance in the range of 10 5 -10 6 ⁇ is in contact with an electrostatic latent image-bearing body and receives a d-c voltage to charge the surface of the image-bearing body.
  • Laid-open Japanese Patent (KOKAI) No. 6-19276 proposes a contact type transferring device.
  • an electrically semiconductive sponge roller is employed as a transfer roller and is in contact with an image bearing body with a recording medium sandwiched between the image-bearing body and the transfer roller.
  • the sponge roller receives a d-c voltage to transfer a toner image formed on the surface of the image bearing body onto a recording medium.
  • One well-known conventional developing device is a two-component magnetic brush developing device.
  • the developing device has a development sleeve with a plurality of magnets that supply a developer material.
  • the developer material includes magnetic powder called “carrier” and a coloring material called “toner” of about 3 to 10 wt%.
  • the developing device requires a toner density sensor for detecting the weight percentage of toner, and a screw and a paddle for mixing and agitating the carrier and the toner.
  • a developing device is necessarily complex, large, and expensive.
  • the carrier deteriorates over a long time and therefore the carrier replacement is necessary.
  • Laid-open Japanese Patent (KOKAI) No. 61-173274 proposes a contact type developing device in which an electrically conductive resilient toner-carrying body i.e., a developing roller having an electrical resistance of less than 10 6 ⁇ is in contact with an image-bearing body and receives a d-c voltage to develop the electrostatic latent image formed on the image-bearing body.
  • an electrically conductive resilient toner-carrying body i.e., a developing roller having an electrical resistance of less than 10 6 ⁇ is in contact with an image-bearing body and receives a d-c voltage to develop the electrostatic latent image formed on the image-bearing body.
  • a toner-supplying roller formed of an electrically conductive resilient material is in contact with the developing roller to supply the toner held in a toner cartridge.
  • Japanese Patent (KOKAI) No. 6-19276 proposes a cleaning device that collects residual toner on the image-bearing body, the resilient blade having an edge in contact with the image-bearing body.
  • the surface of the resilient blade has a roughness of several microns.
  • the toner particles escape through gaps created by the surface having a roughness of about several microns.
  • the cleaning blade cannot clean the surface of the image bearing body thoroughly.
  • the edge of a resilient blade is in firm contact with the surface of the image-bearing body during early stage of the lifetime of the printer. Through repetitive printing operations, the edge wears out into a round edge. Therefore, the spherical toner particles easily through the contact area passes where the resilient blade is in contract with the image bearing body, resulting in insufficient cleaning performance.
  • the irregularly shaped particles may have an average diameter in the range of 3-20 ⁇ m.
  • the irregularly shaped particles may have an average diameter is in the range of 14 to 100% of a diameter of a spot printed.
  • the irregularly shaped particles may be charged.
  • the irregularly shaped particles may be charged so that they are opposite in polarity to the spherical toner particles.
  • the irregularly shaped particles may be mixed with the spherical toner by 0.1 to 5 wt%.
  • the irregularly shaped particles may be silicone resin and may have a melting point exceeding that of the spherical toner particles.
  • the invention also provides a toner cartridge that holds the toner within a toner chamber therein and an image-forming apparatus to which the toner cartridge is removably attached.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a general construction of an image-forming apparatus that uses a toner according to the present invention.
  • a photoconductive drum 1 is in the shape of a drum and has an organic photoconductive body formed thereon.
  • the organic photoconductive body functions as an image-bearing body on which an electrostatic latent image is formed.
  • Disposed around the photoconductive drum 1 are a charging roller 2, an exposing unit 3, a developing unit 4, and a transfer roller 5.
  • the charging roller 2, developing unit 4, and transfer roller 5 are in contact with or in pressure contact with the surface of the photoconductive drum 1.
  • the cleaning blade 6a is in contact with the surface of the photoconductive drum 1 so that when the photoconductive drum 1 rotates, the cleaning blade 6a scrapes the residual toner deposited on the surface of the photoconductive drum 1.
  • the exposing unit 3 illuminates the charged surface of the photoconductive drum 1 in accordance with an image signal, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductive drum 1.
  • the exposing unit 3 can be of any conventional type such as a combination of an LED array and a SELFOC lens array and a combination of a laser and an image-forming optical system.
  • the transfer roller 5 opposes the photoconductive drum 1 with a transport path of a recording paper 7 sandwiched between the transfer roller 5 and the photoconductive drum 1.
  • a transporting roller 10 upstream of the transport path.
  • a feeding roller 9 feeds the recording paper 7 from a cassette 8 onto the transport path and the transport roller 10 transports the recording paper 7.
  • a fixing unit that includes a pressure roller 11 and a heat roller 12.
  • the developing unit 4 includes a developing roller 14, a toner-supplying roller 17, and a developing blade 18.
  • the developing roller 14 is in contact with the photoconductive drum 1 and functions as a toner-holding body.
  • the toner-supplying roller 17 supplies toner 16 replenished from a cartridge 15 to the developing roller 14.
  • the developing blade 18 is in pressure contact with the surface of the developing roller 14 to form a thin layer of toner thereon.
  • the developing roller 14, toner-supplying roller 17 and cleaning blade 6a are formed of urethane rubber.
  • a controller controls the photoconductive drum 1, charging roller 2, exposing unit 3, transfer roller 5, feeding roller 9, transporting roller 10, pressure roller 11, and heat roller 12.
  • the controller controls d-c high voltage power supplies, not shown, to apply d-c high voltages to the charging roller 2, transfer roller 5, developing roller 14, and toner-supplying roller 17.
  • the controller also causes a first motor, not shown, to drive in rotation the photoconductive drum 1, charging roller 2, transfer roller 5, transporting roller 10, pressure roller 11, heat roller 12, developing roller 14, and toner-supplying roller 17.
  • the feeding roller 9 is driven in rotation by a second motor, not shown.
  • the controller Upon receiving a print command from a host apparatus, not shown, the controller causes a drive source, not shown, to rotate the photoconductive drum 1, charging roller 2, transfer roller 5, transporting roller 10, pressure roller 11, heat roller 12, developing roller 14, and toner-supplying roller 17 in the direction shown by arrows.
  • the controller applies a d-c voltage to the charging roller 2 to uniformly charge the surface of the photoconductive drum 1.
  • the controller controls the exposing unit 3 to illuminate the charged surface of the photoconductive drum 1 in accordance with the image signal.
  • the potential of areas on the photoconductive drum 1 exposed to the light from the exposing unit 3 decreases to about 0 volts, so that the exposed areas form an electrostatic latent image as a whole.
  • the controller applies a d-c high voltage to the developing roller 14 and toner-supplying roller 17, the d-c high voltage being of the same polarity as that applied to the changing roller 2.
  • the d-c high voltage causes the toner 16 to be charged so that the toner 16 is attracted by the Coulomb force to the electrostatic latent image and becomes a toner image.
  • the controller causes the second drive motor to drive the feeding roller 9 in accordance with the timings of a toner-image forming process, thereby advancing one page of the recording paper 7 from the cassette 8 into the transport path. Then, when the recording paper 7 reaches a transfer point where the photoconductive drum 1 comes into contact with the transfer roller 5, the toner image formed on the photoconductive drum 1 reaches the transfer point in a timed relation.
  • the pressure roller 11 and heat roller 12 apply pressure and heat to the recording paper 7 to fuse the toner image on the recording paper 7.
  • a small amount of charged toner 16a remains on the photoconductive drum 1.
  • a cleaning blade 6a removes the residual toner from the photoconductive drum 1. In this manner, the photographic processes are carried out for each page of the recording paper 7.
  • the following materials are put in a powdering machine (Model MA-01SC, manufactured by Mitsui Miike Chemical Industry): 77.5 parts by weight of styrene, 22.5 parts by weight of acrylic acid-N-butyl as a binder resin, 1.5 parts by weight of low molecular weight polyethylene as offset-preventing agent, 2 parts by weight of a charge control agent (Hodogaya Corporation), and 7 parts by weight of carbon black (Printex L, manufactured by Degussa Corporation) and 1 part by weight of 2, 2' azobisisobutyronitrile as a coloring agent. Then, the materials are dispersed at 15°C for 10 hours into a polymerizable composition.
  • a powdering machine Model MA-01SC, manufactured by Mitsui Miike Chemical Industry
  • ethanol was prepared in which 8 parts by weight of polyacrylic acid and 0.3 parts by weight of divinylbenzene are dissolved. Then, 600 parts by weight of distilled water is added to the thus prepared ethanol to prepare dispersion medium for polymerization. The previously prepared polymerizable composition is then added to the dispersion medium and dispersed at 15°C and 8000 rpm for 10 minutes using TK homomixer (M-type, manufactured by TOKUSHU-KAGAKU KOGYO).
  • the thus dispersed solution is put in a separable flask and allowed to react at 85°C for 12 hours while agitating in the flow of a nitrogen at 100 rpm. After cooling, the dispersed solution is dissolved in a 0.5 N aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and then filtered and washed with water, and finally air-dried. Then, the dried material is further dried at a low pressure of 10 mm Hg and 40°C for 10 hours, and is then air-classified with an air-classifier. Then, 1.0 wt.
  • part hydrophobic ultra fine silica "Aerosil 11R-972" fromAerosil Japan is added to the material and mixed to prepare a spherical toner having an average particle diameter of 7.5 ⁇ m and a roundness of 0.9 or greater. Then, the thus prepared spherical toner is mixed with silicone resin as an irregularly shaped particle having a roundness of 0.85 or less, thereby providing the toner 16 according to the present invention. Roundness is expressed by 4 ⁇ S/L 2 where S is a projected area when a particle is projected onto a two-dimensional plane and L is a peripheral length of the particle.
  • the diameter of toner particles is measured with a Coulter counter.
  • This apparatus operates on Coulter principle (electrical resistance method) permitted throughout the world and is used to measure the size of particles.
  • Coulter principle electrical resistance method
  • electrode plates are placed on both sides of an aperture of an aperture tube and a direct current voltage is applied across the electrode plates. Then, a certain current flows between the electrode plates, the current being determined primarily by the electrical resistance of the electrolyte and aperture tube.
  • the current flows between the electrode plates, materials under test suspended in the electrolyte is sucked by a mercury manometer and passes through the aperture, the electrolyte that corresponds to the particle volume is displaced to create a change in electrical resistance between the electrode plates. This change in electrical resistance is converted into a pulse signal, which is amplified for counting the number of the particles and measuring the size of the particles.
  • the average diameter of the irregularly-shaped particles is preferably in the range of 3-20 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter of a spot printed is 21 ⁇ m.
  • the average diameter should be in the range of 0.14 to 1 of the spot (i.e., resolution, 21 ⁇ m).
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show Table 1 and Table 2, respectively, which illustrate experimental results of toner used in the first embodiment when printing was performed at a resolution of 1200 dpi by using the aforementioned spherical toner mixed with silicone resin.
  • Table 1 lists the occurrence of white lines and the number of pages that can be printed before insufficient cleaning results occur, the printing (characters) being performed at a printing duty cycle of 5% and the spherical toner being mixed with a silicone resin having an average diameter in the range of 0.1-60 ⁇ m.
  • Table 2 lists the occurrence of white lines and the number of pages printed before insufficient cleaning results occur, the printing (graphics) being performed at a printing duty cycle of 25% and the spherical toner being mixed with a silicone resin having an average diameter in the range of 0.1-40 ⁇ m.
  • An irregularly shaped particle has more microscopic recesses and protrusions than a spherical toner particle.
  • the cleaning blade 6a has a surface roughness of several microns. Irregularly shaped particles are apt to be caught by rough parts of the surface so that the particles are trapped in areas at which the cleaning blade 6a abuts the photoconductive drum 1. Thus, the spherical toner particles cannot escape from the areas of the cleaning blade 6a in contact with the photoconductive drum 1, and are scraped by the cleaning blade 6a from the photoconductive drum 1.
  • Table 1 implies that irregularly shaped particles having an average diameter of larger than 1 mu m do not cause insufficient cleaning.
  • the particles of the toner 16 are trapped in the areas where the developing roller 14 is in contact with the developing blade 18, so that thin lines are created in a thin layer of charged toner 16a formed on the surface of the developing roller 14 and the thin lines cause white lines in an image printed on the recording paper 7.
  • the toner 16 should contain spherical toner particles mixed with irregularly shaped particles having an average diameter in the range of 1-50 ⁇ m.
  • the roughness of the edge of the cleaning blade 6a and the surface of the photoconductive drum 1 vary with time and depending on printing duty cycle. Thus, the number of pages that can be printed without insufficient cleaning actually varies.
  • irregularly shaped particles having an average diameter of 1 ⁇ m provide sufficient print quality for ordinary printing, but causes print quality that reflects some insufficient cleaning effect after printing 10,000 pages.
  • the average diameter of irregularly shaped particles is preferably 3 ⁇ m or larger.
  • the irregularly shaped particles having an average diameter in the range of 0.1-40 ⁇ m do not cause white lines in images printed on the recording paper 7.
  • the irregularly shaped particles having an average diameter of 30 ⁇ m or larger causes absence of dots from printed images.
  • the average diameter of the irregularly shaped particle is preferably from 3 ⁇ m to the diameter of a spot.
  • insufficient cleaning and white lines can be prevented by using toner 16 in which irregularly shaped particles are mixed with spherical toner particles that include at least a binder resin and a coloring agent.
  • the use of toner having a preferred average diameter ranging from 3 ⁇ m to the diameter of a spot can prevent insufficient cleaning and the absence of dots from an image printed when printing is performed at a high printing duty cycle.
  • An irregularly shaped particle having a roundness of 0.85 or less has more microscopic recesses and protrusions than a spherical toner particle.
  • the cleaning blade 6a has a surface roughness of several microns.
  • the irregularly shaped particles are apt to be caught by rough parts of the surface so that the particles are trapped in areas at which the cleaning blade 6a abuts the photoconductive drum 1. Thus, spherical toner particles cannot escape from the areas but can be scraped from the photoconductive drum 1.
  • Fig. 4 shows Table 3 that lists the printing results when 10,000 pages were printed continuously at a printing duty cycle of 5%.
  • the toner 16 used in the experiment was prepared by adding irregularly shaped particles (silicone resin) having a roundness in the range of 0.3 to 0.90 to spherical toner particles having a roundness of 0.9 or higher manufactured by suspension polymerization. According to Table 3, when 10,000 pages are printed continuously using irregularly shaped particles having roundness in the range of 0.3 to 0.85, no insufficient cleaning occurs. For the toner 16 that contains only particles having a roundness of 0.9 and higher, insufficient cleaning occurs after printing 2000 pages. In other words, mixing the irregularly shaped particles having a roundness of 0.85 or less provides good cleaning operation though spherical toner is used, and thus provides a wider range of choice of toner shapes.
  • Fig. 5 shows Table 4 that lists the results of the experiment.
  • the irregularly shaped particles should be in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt%.
  • An amount of 0.05% wt% or less causes prominently insufficient cleaning results.
  • An amount of 0.1 wt% will not cause insufficient cleaning and maintains good print result.
  • An amount of 6 wt% or more does not cause insufficient cleaning but irregularly shaped particles stay at the developing blade 18, causing white lines in the print result.
  • a similar result was obtained by using calcium carbonate as an irregularly shaped particle in place of silicone resin.
  • the silicone resin used in the first embodiment has a higher melting point than the spherical toner.
  • the toner 16 of the first embodiment requires a higher fixing temperature.
  • a second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that irregularly shaped particles take the form of irregularly shaped toner that is colorant-free.
  • the image-forming apparatus used in the second embodiment is the same as that used in the first embodiment.
  • Irregularly shaped toner particles will be described.
  • the mixture was agitated and blended well in a Henschel mixer and then heated to melt in a roll mill at 120°C for about 3 hours.
  • the material was cooled, then ground, and finally classified, thereby preparing irregularly shaped toner having a roundness of 0.85 and the same color (black) as the spherical toner.
  • the aforementioned irregularly shaped toner is black toner. Toners of other colors can be manufactured by using various colorants.
  • the colorants used may be any type of toner colorants including dyes, pigments and others that are usually used as a colorant for toner.
  • the colorants includes various types of carbon black, brilliant first scarlet, phthalocyanine blue, nigrosine pigment green B, rhodamine B base, permanent brown FG, solvent red 49, and mixtures of these colorants.
  • the various types of carbon black are manufactured by methods such as acetylene black, thermal black, channel black, and lamp black. Graft carbon black is prepared by covering the surfaces of carbon black particles with a resin.
  • Fig. 6 shows Table 5 that illustrates experimental results when 10,000 pages were printed at a printing duty cycle of 5% by using such a toner.
  • Table 5 lists the number of pages that can be printed before insufficient cleaning occurs and the occurrence of white lines (1) when spherical toner alone is used, (2) when a mixture of spherical toner and silicone resin (7 ⁇ m) was used, (3) when a mixture of spherical toner and irregularly shaped toner (8 ⁇ m) of the same color as the spherical toner was used.
  • the fixing temperature was 180°C.
  • the fixing temperature was 220°C.
  • the fixing temperature was 180°C.
  • Print quality was evaluated using the toner in which spherical toner is mixed with irregularly shaped toner that is of the same color and has a roundness of 0.85 or less.
  • Fig. 7 shows Table 6 that lists experimental results when 10,000 pages were printed at printing duty cycle of 5% by using the toner 16 in which spherical toner is mixed with irregularly shaped toner having a roundness of 0.85 or less. Insufficient cleaning did not occur.
  • Use of irregularly shaped toner as irregularly shaped particles provides low fixing temperature.
  • a resilient rubber blade can be used to perform a sufficient cleaning operation if the toner is prepared by mixing spherical toner with irregularly shaped toner having a roundness of 0.85 or less.
  • fixing can be performed at lower temperatures when the spherical toner is mixed with the irregularly shaped toner than when the spherical toner is mixed with silicone resin.
  • the shape of toner particle can be selected from a wider range and electric power can be saved in fixing.
  • the toner discussed in the preceding paragraphs is a mixture of spherical toner and irregularly shaped toner of the same color.
  • the irregularly shaped toner is colorant-free or colorless.
  • irregularly shaped colorless toner may be applied commonly to the respective colored toners, being advantageous in reducing the manufacturing cost of toner for color printer.
  • the colorless irregularly shaped toner can be manufactured by simply not adding any colorant.
  • the irregularly shaped toner is mixed with the spherical toner, thereby implementing low fixing temperature as compared to the first embodiment.
  • a saving in electric power may be obtained by using the toner according to the second embodiment.
  • an organic material polyester
  • an inorganic material calcium carbonate
  • Fig. 8 shows Table 7 that lists experimental results when 10,000 pages were printed at a printing duty cycle of 5%.
  • Calcium carbonate is white and therefore not detectable even if the toner 16a adheres to a background area of an image on the photoconductor, so that overall printing quality is good.
  • Mixing calcium carbonate having a roundness of 0.85 can prevent occurrence of insufficient cleaning result even when 10,000 pages are printed continuously.
  • Use of calcium carbonate that functions as irregular particles reduces adhesion of the toner 16a to the background area of an image on the photoconductive drum 1, thereby providing good print quality.
  • Fig. 9 shows Table 8 that lists experimental results when irregularly shaped toner is used as irregularly shaped particles. From Table 8, irregularly shaped toner does not cause white lines but deteriorates print quality. Spherical toner is mixed in the toner 16 because the spherical toner provides a better printing result than irregularly shaped toner. If the toner 16 contains irregularly shaped toner by more than 50%, it is not worthwhile to mix the spherical toner. Thus, the irregularly shaped toner contained in the toner 16 should preferably be in the range of 0.1-50%. If the toner 16 contains the irregularly shaped toner by less than 40%, the presence of the irregularly shaped toner does not affect print quality at all. Thus, preferred content of the irregularly shaped toner is in the range of 0.1-40%.
  • the image forming apparatus used in a third embodiment is the same as that used in the first embodiment.
  • a third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that irregularly shaped particles take the form of silicone resin (8 ⁇ m) that is charged opposite in polarity to the spherical toner.
  • the irregularly shaped particles escape from areas where the cleaning blade 6a is in contact with the photoconductive drum 1.
  • insufficient cleaning may occur.
  • Fig. 10 shows Table 9 that illustrates experimental results of the third embodiment when printing was performed to print 5,000 pages at a printing duty cycle of 0.1% and subsequently 5000 pages at a printing duty cycle of 10%.
  • Table 9 lists the number of pages that can be printed before insufficient cleaning occurs and the occurrence of white lines, for (1) the toner 16 containing spherical toner alone, (2) the toner 16 containing the spherical toner and the irregularly shaped toner (8 ⁇ m), and (3) the toner containing silicone resin (8 ⁇ m) that is charged opposite in polarity to the spherical toner.
  • the toner 16 contains the spherical toner alone, insufficient cleaning occurred after printing 3000 pages.
  • the toner 16 contains the spherical toner and the irregularly shaped toner (8 ⁇ m), insufficient cleaning occurred after printing 5000 pages.
  • the toner 16 contains the spherical toner and silicone resin (8 ⁇ m) that is charged opposite in polarity to the spherical toner, no insufficient cleaning occurred. No white line occurred for any of the three different types of toner 16.
  • the toner 16 according to the third embodiment employs silicone resin (8 ⁇ m) that can be charged opposite in polarity to the spherical toner.
  • a mixture of the spherical toner with the irregular toner prevents the residual toner on the surface of the photoconductive drum 1 from escaping areas in which the cleaning blade is in contact with the photoconductive drum, even when printing is performed at a low printing duty cycle.
  • the irregularly shaped particle has a charging characteristic in which the irregularly shaped particle is charged opposite in polarity to the spherical toner.
  • the same effect may be obtained by using irregularly shaped particle that is charged to the same polarity as the spherical toner, provided that the irregularly shaped particle is charged less than the spherical toner.
  • Fig. 11 shows Table 10 that illustrates the experimental results when printing was performed to print 5,000 pages at a printing duty cycle of 0.1% and subsequently 5000 pages at a printing duty cycle of 10%.
  • the irregularly shaped particles are deposited to areas not illuminated by the exposing unit 3 even when printing is performed at a low printing duty cycle.
  • the toner 16 containing irregularly shaped particles that are charged opposite in polarity to the spherical toner allows the irregularly shaped particles to be supplied to the cleaning blade 6a. Therefore, no insufficient cleaning occurs when printing is performed at a low printing duty cycle.
  • the image bearing body may be other photoconductors such as selenium photoconductor, ZnO photoconductor, amorphous silicone photoconductor.
  • the toner 16 according to the present invention is based on suspension polymerization toner that has styrene acrylic as a binder resin
  • the toner may be based on other type of spherical toner that uses other binder resin.
  • the first to third embodiments provide the same advantages for both two-component development and magnetic one-component development.
  • the developing roller, toner-supplying roller, and cleaning roller are formed of urethane as a rubber material throughout the first to third embodiments.
  • these rollers may be formed of other rubber materials such as stylene-butadiene polymerizate rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, acrylic elastomer, epichlorohydrin rubber, silicone rubber, EPDM, NBR, and blended materials of at least two of these rubber materials.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Toner (16) zur Verwendung in einer Bildausbildungsvorrichtung, die ein Toner-Sammelelement (6a) enthält, das zum Sammeln von restlichem Toner (16a) auf einer Oberfläche eines bildtragenden Körpers (1) angeordnet ist, umfassend:
    sphärische Tonerpartikel mit wenigstens einem Bindemittelharz und mit einer Rundheit von wenigstens 0,9; und
    unregelmäßig geformte Partikel, die mit den sphärischen Tonerpartikeln gemischt sind, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel einen durchschnittlichen Durchmesser im Bereich von 1 bis 50 µm und eine Rundheit gleich oder kleiner als 0,85 haben;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel frei von Farbstoff sind.
  2. Toner (16) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel einen durchschnittlichen Durchmesser im Bereich von 3 bis 20 µm haben.
  3. Toner (16) nach Anspruch 2, wobei der durchschnittliche Durchmesser im Bereich von 14 bis 100 % eines Durchmessers eines gedruckten Punkts ist.
  4. Toner (16) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel farblose Partikel sind.
  5. Toner (16) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel geladen sind.
  6. Toner (16) nach Anspruch 5, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel eine derartige Eigenschaft haben, dass die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel bezüglich der Polarität entgegengesetzt zu den sphärischen Tonerpartikeln geladen sind.
  7. Toner (16) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Tonerpartikel mit den sphärischen Tonerpartikeln mit 0,1 bis 5 Gewichts-% gemischt sind.
  8. Toner (16) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel Silikonharz sind und einen Schmelzpunkt haben, der höher als der Schmelzpunkt der sphärischen Tonerpartikel ist.
  9. Tonerpatrone (15), die konfiguriert ist, um entfernbar an einer Bildausbildungsvorrichtung angebracht zu sein, wobei die Bildausbildungsvorrichtung ein Toner-Sammelelement (6a) hat, das restlichen Toner (16a) auf einem bildtragenden Körper (1) sammelt, umfassend:
    eine Tonerkammer; und
    Toner (16) nach Anspruch 1, der in der Tonerkammer gehalten wird.
  10. Tonerpatrone (15) nach Anspruch 9, wobei der unregelmäßig geformte Partikel einen durchschnittlichen Durchmesser im Bereich von 3 bis 20 µm hat.
  11. Tonerpatrone (15) nach Anspruch 9, wobei der unregelmäßig geformte Toner mit dem sphärischen Toner mit 0,1 bis 50 Gewichts-% gemischt ist.
  12. Tonerpatrone (15) nach Anspruch 11, wobei der unregelmäßig geformte Toner mit dem sphärischen Toner mit 0,1 bis 40 Gewichts-% gemischt ist.
  13. Tonerpatrone (15) nach Anspruch 9, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel farblose Partikel sind.
  14. Tonerpatrone (15) nach Anspruch 9, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel geladen sind.
  15. Tonerpatrone (15) nach Anspruch 9, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel Silikonharz sind und einen Schmelzpunkt haben, der höher als der Schmelzpunkt der sphärischen Tonerpartikel ist.
  16. Bildausbildungsvorrichtung mit einer Tonerpatrone (15), die einen Toner (16) darin hält, und einem Toner-Sammelelement (6a), das restlichen Toner (16a) auf einem bildtragenden Körper (1) sammelt, wobei die Tonerpatrone (15) Folgendes umfasst:
    eine Tonerkammer;
    Toner (16) nach Anspruch 1, der in der Tonerkammer gehalten wird.
  17. Bildausbildungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 16, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel einen durchschnittlichen Durchmesser im Bereich von 3 bis 20 µm haben.
  18. Bildausbildungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 16, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel farblose Partikel sind.
  19. Bildausbildungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 16, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel geladen sind.
  20. Bildausbildungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 16, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel mit den sphärischen Tonerpartikeln mit 0,1 bis 5 Gewichts-% gemischt sind.
  21. Bildausbildungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 16, wobei die unregelmäßig geformten Partikel Silikonharz sind und einen Schmelzpunkt haben, der höher als der Schmelzpunkt der sphärischen Tonerpartikel ist.
EP02252780A 2002-04-10 2002-04-19 Toner, Tonerkartusche, Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP1355196B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002107487A JP2003005434A (ja) 2001-04-18 2002-04-10 トナー、トナーカートリッジ及び画像形成装置
JP2002107487 2002-04-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1355196A2 EP1355196A2 (de) 2003-10-22
EP1355196A3 EP1355196A3 (de) 2003-12-10
EP1355196B1 true EP1355196B1 (de) 2008-03-19

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EP (1) EP1355196B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60225667T2 (de)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54121130A (en) * 1978-03-13 1979-09-20 Minolta Camera Co Ltd Dry type developer in electrophotography
JPS60123857A (ja) * 1983-12-09 1985-07-02 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd 画像形成方法
US5220390A (en) * 1987-11-11 1993-06-15 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic image forming process
US5547797A (en) * 1993-08-05 1996-08-20 Minolta Co., Ltd. Developer for developing electrostatic latent images
US5851717A (en) * 1995-04-24 1998-12-22 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Developer for use in electrophotography, and image formation method using the same
US6077636A (en) * 1998-01-28 2000-06-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Toner, two-component developer, image forming method and apparatus unit

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1355196A3 (de) 2003-12-10
DE60225667T2 (de) 2009-04-16
DE60225667D1 (de) 2008-04-30
EP1355196A2 (de) 2003-10-22

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