EP1349827A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von verzweigten fettstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von verzweigten fettstoffenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1349827A1 EP1349827A1 EP02706693A EP02706693A EP1349827A1 EP 1349827 A1 EP1349827 A1 EP 1349827A1 EP 02706693 A EP02706693 A EP 02706693A EP 02706693 A EP02706693 A EP 02706693A EP 1349827 A1 EP1349827 A1 EP 1349827A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fatty substances
- phase
- carbon atoms
- reaction
- chloride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 alkylene glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-QPJJXVBHSA-N [(e)-3-chloroprop-1-enyl]benzene Chemical compound ClC\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WOGITNXCNOTRLK-VOTSOKGWSA-N (e)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WOGITNXCNOTRLK-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XEMRAKSQROQPBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (trichloromethyl)benzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XEMRAKSQROQPBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC=C OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DOJXGHGHTWFZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexachloroacetone Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl DOJXGHGHTWFZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acryloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C=C HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- YTKRILODNOEEPX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotyl chloride Chemical compound C\C=C\CCl YTKRILODNOEEPX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 16
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- TYLYVJBCMQFRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlororhodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] TYLYVJBCMQFRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxine Chemical compound C1OOCC=C1 JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical class CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940053200 antiepileptics fatty acid derivative Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-SEYXRHQNSA-N petroselinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-SEYXRHQNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCLWKXQSQABKGT-NQLNTKRDSA-N (9z,12z)-2-methyloctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCC(C)C(O)=O LCLWKXQSQABKGT-NQLNTKRDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXEDXHIBHVMDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12Z-octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O OXEDXHIBHVMDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001481828 Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007869 Guerbet synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Petroselaidic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCC(O)=O CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150010487 are gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Octadec-5-ensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCC(O)=O AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021081 unsaturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C67/343—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C67/347—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by addition to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of oleochemical raw materials and relates to a new process for the homogeneous chemical oligomerization of unsaturated fatty substances with olefins.
- An interesting product can be an internally alkyl branched fatty acid derivative, for which there are a multitude of potential applications due to their outstanding physical properties (e.g. low melting point, high chemical stability, low viscosity) [cf. S.Gronowitz et al. Lipids, 28, 889 (1993) or DN.Kinsman in: Fatty Acids in Industry (eds. RW ohnson, E. Fritz), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1989, p.233], branched fatty acid derivatives therefore as wished raw materials, for example for the lubricant or cosmetics industry. If the derivatives have good biodegradability, use as loss lubricating oils is particularly conceivable.
- branched fat derivatives are obtained in particular in the Guerbet reaction, in which fatty alcohols are dimerized to 2-alkyl-branched alcohols at high temperatures and under the influence of alkalis.
- Another method for producing branched fatty substances is the dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids, in which complex mixtures of partially cyclic dimers are obtained in addition to methyl-branched monomer fatty acids.
- hydrocarboxylation or Koch reaction in which 2,2-dimethyl-branched fatty substances are obtained.
- Rhodium-olefin complexes and especially rhodium trichloride trihydrate are recommended as suitable catalysts. It was not possible to recycle the homogeneous rhodium catalyst without loss of activity.
- European patent EP 0621257 B1 also describes a process for the preparation of double-branched fatty acid derivatives in which the oligomerization of methyl linoleic acid in the chloroform solvent is carried out in the presence of ionic rhodium complexes.
- the two documents EP 0894785 AI and EP 0976715 AI also relate to processes for the co-oligomization of polyunsaturated fatty substances with olefins, in which nickel complexes are used together with ethyl aluminum dichloride.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide an improved process for the production of branched fatty substances which, compared to the known prior art, is distinguished by simple, reliable and quantitative removal of the catalyst with at least equally high yields and selectivities.
- the invention relates to a process for the production of branched fatty substances by co-oligomerizing unsaturated fatty substances with ⁇ -olefins in the presence of homogeneous transition metal catalysts, which is characterized in that the reaction in temperature-controlled systems consisting of at least two solvents is carried out at 20 ° C and 1 bar are two-phase and single-phase at temperatures above 20 ° C.
- the particular advantage of the process lies in the use of a new kind of recycling concept of homogeneous transition metal catalysts through the use of temperature-controlled multi-component solvent systems.
- the principle is based on ensuring a simple phase separation and thus catalyst recycling by using the liquid-liquid two-phase technology at ambient temperature and at the same time enabling a single-phase reaction by reducing the mixture gap at the reaction temperature.
- Unsaturated fatty substances which are suitable as starting materials for the oligomerization in the sense of the process according to the invention preferably follow the formula (I),
- R x CO-OR 2 (I) in which R CO represents an acyl radical or having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 double bonds and R 2 represents hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R CO represents an acyl radical or having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 double bonds
- R 2 represents hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the unsaturated starting materials can also follow the general formula (II)
- R 3 represents a hydrocarbon radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 double bonds and X represents a hydroxyl or amino group.
- Typical examples are palmoleic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, conjuene fatty acid and behenic acid and their technical mixtures or the corresponding alcohols or amines as well as the ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and in particular Methyl ester of the acids mentioned.
- the esters can also contain saturated portions due to their origin, provided that these make up less than 50% by weight.
- Preferred starting materials are esters, acids, alcohols or amines of the formulas (I) or (II) in which R CO is an acyl radical or R 3 is a hydrocarbon radical having 16 to 18 carbon atoms and two double bonds.
- R CO is an acyl radical
- R 3 is a hydrocarbon radical having 16 to 18 carbon atoms and two double bonds.
- conjuen fatty acids or conjuen fatty acid esters or the corresponding alcohols or amines which are obtained by thermal isomerization of the double bonds of linoleic acid or the linoleic acid derivatives in the conjugate position.
- DIEHM sense-of-erfrndungswashen-Nerfahrens-as can be used second 'reactant, preferably correspond to formula (III),
- R 4 represents hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Typical examples are butene, pentene and witches; Usually, however, ethene, propene or mixtures thereof are used here.
- the application ratio between ester and olefin depends essentially on what degree of substitution you want to achieve in the branched fatty substances.
- the amount of ethene is usually set via the ethylene pressure in the onsgefäß, with pressures in the range of 10 and 50, preferably 20 to 30 bar are typical.
- catalysts depend on whether they are suitable for liquid / liquid two-phase technology. Usually, the reaction takes place in the presence of homogeneously soluble, neutral or ionic rhodium and / or nickel catalysts, such as. B. RhCI 3 * 3H 2 0, [RhCI 4 ] [PBu 4 ], [RhCI (C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] 2 ], [Rh (COD) CI] 2 , [Ni (MeCN) 6 ] [BF 4 ] 2 or [Ni (MeCN) 6 ] [AICI 4 ] 2 .
- RhCI 3 * 3H 2 O, [RhCI 4 ] [PBu 4 ] and [RhCl (C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] 2 ] is particularly preferred since yields of well above 50% of theory are achieved with them. By far the greatest yields of up to 98% were achieved with rhodium trichloride trihydrate, which is why the use of this catalyst is particularly preferred because of its low solubility in non-polar organic solvents.
- co-catalysts By using suitable co-catalysts, it is possible to further improve yield and selectivities.
- the use of the cocatalyst allows the catalyst to be recycled without significant loss of activity.
- the reaction can be carried out in very short reaction times (e.g. 2 h) under mild conditions, so that the activity can be improved by a factor of up to 10.
- Acetyl chloride, acrylic acid chloride, allyl chloride, cinnamyl chloride, crotyl chloride, hexachloroacetone, cinnamoyl chloride or trichlorotoluene, preferably cinnamyl chloride or cinnamoyl chloride, are suitable for this purpose.
- the molar ratio of catalyst and cocatalyst can typically be between 1: 1 and 1: 200 and preferably between 1:10 and 1:25.
- multi-component solvent systems have proven to be particularly advantageous with which a single-phase reaction procedure (narrowing of the miscibility gap at higher temperatures) and a simple phase separation at ambient temperature by means of two-phase technology are particularly effectively guaranteed.
- non-polar solvent component such as alkylene glycols or alkylene carbonates
- at least one further non-polar solvent component which forms a miscibility gap with the polar component for the use of the two-phase technique
- a third, medium-polar solvent component by means of which the miscibility gap at temperatures is closed above the ambient temperature and thus a homogeneous, single-phase reaction system is used as co-solvents.
- the non-polar co-solvents are typically selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (n-hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, petroleum ether or toluene).
- the medium-polar co-solvents are typically selected from the group of ethers (methyl tert-butyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran), aliphatic n-alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol) or aromatics (anisole, toluene) ) selected.
- ethers methyl tert-butyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran
- aliphatic n-alcohols methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol
- aromatics anisole, toluene
- Typical examples for mixed solvent systems are propylene carbonate / hexane (1: 1), ethylene glycol / heptane (1: 1) and for new multi-component solvent systems propylene carbonate / hexane / methanol (1: 1: 1.6), propylene carbonate / hep- tan / toluene (1: 1: 2), propylene carbonate / hexane / toluene (1: 1: 2), ethylene glycol / heptane / THF (1: 1: 3), ethylene glycol / heptane / l, 4-dioxane (1: 1 : 3), propylene carbonate / heptane / anisole (1: 1: 1.5), propylene carbonate / heptane / THF (1.1: 2), propylene carbonate / heptane / l, 4-dioxane (1: 1: 1.5), propylene carbonate /
- Ternary solvent mixtures of propylene carbonate / heptane or ethylene glycol / heptane and a further co-SolvensEbei Particularly preferred are the "it ⁇ sichre memorialum a _ aromatics" as ⁇ z: B: toluene oderAnisol, an aliphatic n-alcohol (methanol, ethanol, propanol, Butanol) or an ether such as THF, 1,4-dioxane or MTBE can act.
- the volume ratio of solvent to co-solvent can be 1: 1 to 1: 4. Depending on the phase behavior, this ratio can depend on e.g. B. the reaction temperature or the amount of polar solvent used can be varied almost infinitely and an infinite number of conceivable operating points can be used.
- the feedstocks can also serve as non-polar co-solvents and substitute for the hydrocarbon component.
- the best results are gene achieved in which, in addition to the fatty substance as an additional co-solvent, an ether, for example THF or 1,4-dioxane or an aliphatic, short-chain alcohol and the catalyst-containing solvent, preferably short-chain diols or alkylene carbonates, is present.
- an ether for example THF or 1,4-dioxane or an aliphatic, short-chain alcohol
- the catalyst-containing solvent preferably short-chain diols or alkylene carbonates
- Typical solvent systems are therefore propylene carbonate / fat ester / dioxane (1: 1: 0.4), propylene carbonate / fat ester / dioxane (1: 5.3: 0.3) or propylene carbonate / fat ester / ethanol (1: 1: 1.5).
- the conjugated fatty acid or the like can be used directly, for example in the solvent system propylene carbonate / conjugated fatty acid / 1,4-dioxane (1: 1: 0.4).
- the amount of solvent or solvent mixture used is not critical per se and depends exclusively on the amount of the substances to be solubilized.
- a particular embodiment of the invention consists in a process of the type described in the introduction, in which the unsaturated fatty substances are dissolved in a single phase at reaction temperatures above ambient temperature with the olefins in the novel multi-component solvent systems described above, the mixture is converted into a two-phase system by cooling, in which one phase contains the branched fatty substances and the other the homogeneously dissolved catalyst, which separates and processes the phases.
- the oligomerization can be carried out in a manner known per se.
- the fatty substances are usually placed in an autoclave together with the catalyst / cocatalyst in the solvent, the pressure reactor is heated to the reaction temperature of 50 to 100, preferably 60 to 80 ° C.
- olefin typically a pressure of 10 to 50 and in particular 20 to 30 bar.
- a pressure of 10 to 50 and in particular 20 to 30 bar typically a pressure of 10 to 50 and in particular 20 to 30 bar.
- the catalyst For catalyst recycling to be successful, the catalyst must be completely recycled.
- Studies of the phase composition of the reaction mixtures at ambient temperature have shown that the upper phase predominantly contains the branched fatty substances and also - depending on the multicomponent solvent system chosen - up to a maximum of 20% by weight of solvent.
- Further processing of the valuable phase can be carried out by distillation, flash evaporation, extraction or a combination of these steps.
- it can be required to harden the products. This can be done, for example, at 40 to 70 ° C. and pressures of 10 to 30 bar in the presence of Pd / C catalysts and using methanol as a solvent.
- the reaction times are usually on the order of 15 to 120 minutes.
- Example 1 In a 300 ml stainless steel autoclave with a glass insert and a disc stirrer, 9.3 g of a thermally conjugated and methyl-esterified sunflower fatty acid with 25 mg of rhodium trichloride trihydrate and 362 mg of cinnamyl chloride in 60 ml of a solvent mixture of propylene carbonate, heptane and toluene in a volume ratio of 1: 1: 2 used. An amount of ethene was then injected in such a way that a pressure of 30 bar was established at a reaction temperature of 70.degree. After a reaction time of 2 h, the reactor was cooled and let down.
- the organic product phase was separated from the phase which contained the catalyst in solution by phase separation.
- the two phases were then worked up separately. According to gas chromatographic analysis, a yield of ethene adducts - based on conjuenes - of 95% of theory was achieved. Analysis of the reaction products showed 55% of the 1: 1 and 40% of the 2: 1 adduct.
- Example 2 Analogously to Example 1, 9.3 g of conjugated fatty acid methyl ester, 25 mg of rhodium trichloride trihydrate and 362 mg of cinnamyl chloride were placed in a 66 ml stainless steel autoclave. 25 ml of a mixture of propylene carbonate, 1,4-dioxane and and methyl conjuate - which in this case itself served as a solvent - served as solvent, the volume ratio being 1: 0.4: 1. A yield of 90% of theory was achieved, 61% of the 1: 1 and 29% of the 2: 1 adduct being formed.
- Example 3 Analogously to Example 1, 13.1 g of methyl conjuene fatty acid with 36 mg of rhodium trichloride trihydrate and 515 mg of cinnamyl chloride were placed in a 300 ml stainless steel autoclave with a glass insert and a disc stirrer.
- Example 4 Analogously to Example 1, 24.3 conjuene fatty acid methyl ester, 66 mg of rhodium trichloride trihydrate and 953 mg of cinnamyl chloride were placed in a 300 ml stainless steel autoclave with a disc stirrer. 65 ml of a mixture of propylene carbonate, 1,4-dioxane and methyl conjugate - which in this case itself served as a solvent - served as solvent, the volume ratio propylene carbonate, 1,4-dioxane and ester being 1: 0.4: 1. After 4 hours, a yield of 98% of theory was achieved, 25% of the 1: 1 and 73% of the 2: 1 adduct being formed. Example 5. Example 4 was repeated and the time course of the co-oligomerization was investigated. The results are summarized in Table 1 below.
- Example 6 Analogously to Example 1, 5.63 g of methyl conjuene fatty acid, 15.2 mg of rhodium trichloride trihydrate and 0.2395 g of cinnamic acid chloride were placed in a 66 ml stainless steel autoclave. 7.54 g of propylene carbonate and 2.59 g of 1,4-dioxane were used as solvents, the volume ratio of propylene carbonate, 1,4-dioxane and ester - which in this case itself served as solvent - being 1: 0.4: 1. A yield of 72% of theory was achieved, 52% of the 1: 1 and 20% of the 2: 1 adduct being formed.
- Example 7 instead of the conjuenic fatty acid methyl ester, the conjuene fatty acid (thermally conjugated sunflower fatty acid) was used directly. The reaction was carried out analogously to Example 4. A yield of 88% of theory was achieved, with 51% of the 1: 1 and 37% of the 2: 1 adduct being formed.
- Example 8 Analogously to Example 1, 75.85 g of methyl conjuene fatty acid, 203.9 mg of rhodium trichloride trihydrate and 2.95 g of cinnamyl chloride were placed in a 300 ml stainless steel autoclave.
- the solvent used was 18.95 g of propylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and ester - which in this case itself served as the solvent - being mixed in a mass ratio of 1: 4 such that the reaction solution is in two phases at room temperature and in one phase at the reaction temperature.
- the yield after 2 h was 93 % of theory achieved, with 44% of the 1: 1 and 49% of the 2: 1 adduct being formed; after 5 h, a yield of 97% of theory has formed, 27% being attributed to the 1: 1 adduct and 70% to the 2: 1 adduct.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10100893A DE10100893A1 (de) | 2001-01-11 | 2001-01-11 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von verzweigten Fettstoffen |
| DE10100893 | 2001-01-11 | ||
| PCT/EP2002/000015 WO2002055474A1 (de) | 2001-01-11 | 2002-01-03 | Verfahren zur herstellung von verzweigten fettstoffen |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1349827A1 true EP1349827A1 (de) | 2003-10-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02706693A Withdrawn EP1349827A1 (de) | 2001-01-11 | 2002-01-03 | Verfahren zur herstellung von verzweigten fettstoffen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6897325B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1349827A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004521885A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10100893A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002055474A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7184580B2 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2007-02-27 | Laurence Hamid | Fingerprint scar recognition method and apparatus |
| CN110330430B (zh) * | 2019-06-06 | 2022-04-19 | 深圳市优宝新材料科技有限公司 | 一种带有极性酯基支链的聚α烯烃化合物及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4002009A1 (de) | 1990-01-24 | 1991-07-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Gesaettigte, verzweigte fettsaeuren mit 21 bis 28 kohlenstoffatomen bzw. ester derselben mit c(pfeil abwaerts)1(pfeil abwaerts)-c(pfeil abwaerts)3(pfeil abwaerts)(pfeil abwaerts)6(pfeil abwaerts)-alkanolen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre vrwendung |
| FR2704223B1 (fr) | 1993-04-23 | 1995-06-30 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Nouveaux composés di-ramifiés et leurs procédés de préparation. |
| FR2766482B1 (fr) | 1997-07-25 | 1999-08-27 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede pour la codimerisation de corps gras polyinsatures et d'olefines |
| FR2781792B1 (fr) * | 1998-07-28 | 2000-09-22 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede pour la codimerisation de dienes de corps gras et d'olefines catalysee par des complexes au nickel |
-
2001
- 2001-01-11 DE DE10100893A patent/DE10100893A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-01-03 EP EP02706693A patent/EP1349827A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-01-03 WO PCT/EP2002/000015 patent/WO2002055474A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-01-03 JP JP2002556150A patent/JP2004521885A/ja active Pending
- 2002-01-03 US US10/250,590 patent/US6897325B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Title |
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| See references of WO02055474A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10100893A1 (de) | 2002-07-18 |
| US6897325B2 (en) | 2005-05-24 |
| WO2002055474A1 (de) | 2002-07-18 |
| US20040054205A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
| JP2004521885A (ja) | 2004-07-22 |
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