EP1348906B1 - Method of influencing the properties of incineration residues of an incineration plant - Google Patents

Method of influencing the properties of incineration residues of an incineration plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1348906B1
EP1348906B1 EP03001180A EP03001180A EP1348906B1 EP 1348906 B1 EP1348906 B1 EP 1348906B1 EP 03001180 A EP03001180 A EP 03001180A EP 03001180 A EP03001180 A EP 03001180A EP 1348906 B1 EP1348906 B1 EP 1348906B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
incineration
process according
residues
slag
combustion
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EP03001180A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1348906A1 (en
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Johannes Martin
Oliver Dr. Gohlke
Joachim Horn
Michael Busch
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/60—Separating
    • F23G2201/602—Separating different sizes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50206—Pelletising waste before combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for influencing the properties of combustion residues from a Incineration plant, in particular a waste incineration plant, where the fuel is on a grate burned and the resulting combustion residues by appropriate combustion control on a elevated temperature are brought.
  • molten Combustion residues Due to the high temperatures in the treatment of Combustion residues in a smelting stage are molten Combustion residues due to low levels of organic Marked connections. While typical Slags from waste incineration plants still unburned, usually measured as loss on ignition, from 1 to 5% by weight show the loss on ignition of molten combustion residues at below 0.3 wt .-%. In addition, are molten Combustion residues due to small proportions characterized by leachable salts and heavy metals, because these either evaporated or in the case of cooling the Melt forming glass matrix are involved.
  • the object of the invention is the combustion process so too influence and regulate that completely sintered Slag with the desired quality without the use of downstream melting or glazing units obtained becomes.
  • a "completely sintered slag" becomes a material understood that consists of sintered and / or melted chunks, typically a grain size of at least 2 to 8 mm. These chunks consist of combustion residues of garbage by complete or superficial Melting are agglomerated.
  • the sintered or smelted pieces may be due to gas release during sintering or melting quite a porous Have structure.
  • the possible porosity of the fully sintered Slag is due to the fact that the temperature the molten slag in the fuel bed is not high is enough to have a sufficiently low viscosity and thus to cause expulsion of gas bubbles, which in the Glass technology is also referred to as Läutern. This is different the completely sintered slag of typical vitrified slags that are in downstream high-temperature process in crucible furnaces lined with refractory material or other melt aggregates.
  • the fully sintered slag can also constituents of waste, such as glass or metals, containing of the combustion process largely unaffected the Walk through grate, so in the narrower sense in the fuel bed neither melted nor sintered, but in terms of Burnout and leachable pollutants the desired properties have.
  • Residual slag will be the slag constituents below not sintered and / or melted are. Residual slag is characterized by a comparison to completely sintered slag smaller grain size as well higher loss on ignition and proportion of leachable pollutants.
  • the above task is based on a Method of the type described above according to the invention solved by the fact that the combustion control so led that is already in the fuel bed of the main combustion zone a sintering and / or melting the Combustion residue to slag takes place, and that still not or not completely sintered or molten Combustion residue at the end of the combustion process deposited and fed to the combustion process again become.
  • the basic idea of the invention is thus, on the one hand to influence the combustion process on the grate so that already a sintering and / or melting process the firing grate takes place in the main combustion zone, and that each still not sintered or molten Incineration residues are returned, at the second or third pass the desired Sintering and / or melting experience.
  • the focus of the inventive concept is therefore the sintering and / or melting process of the combustion residues already in the fuel bed of the main combustion zone, which was not thought possible until now. It is namely for mechanical firing grates extremely harmful, if liquid slag between the individual grate bars or Other movable parts of the Feuerungsrostes arrives. Out For this reason one has a melting of the slag on the Avoided rust and made sure that in the fuel bed the Melting temperature of the slag is not reached.
  • the sintered and / or melting in the upper part of the fuel bed instead, because from the top the largest heat effect by the Radiation of the flame body takes place and from below by supplying relatively cold primary combustion air the Temperature of the directly on the Feuerungsrost lying Material can be kept lower than on the top of the fuel bed. Because with such a combustion control not the entire incipient combustion residues in a completely sintered slag with the desired Quality can be converted, those are Combustion residue, which does not yet have the character of completely sintered slag, the combustion process fed again.
  • an oxygen enrichment of the primary combustion air to about 25 vol .-% to 40 vol .-% is made.
  • Another advantageous measure is that a preheating the primary air temperature to values of approx. 100 ° C to 400 ° C is performed. These measures may vary depending on Conditions are used separately or combined. Preferably, depending on the nature of the Burning the fuel bed temperature in the main combustion zone set to 1,000 ° C to 1,400 ° C.
  • the separation of not completely sintered from the completely sintered slag is by classifying the Slag after discharge from the combustion system possible by making a separation cut at a grain size from e.g. 2 to 10 mm lays.
  • the oversize corresponds to the completely sintered slag, while the undersized represents the fraction to be recycled.
  • the separation can be done either by sieving or in further advantageous embodiment of the invention by a combination of sieves and a washing process done.
  • the fine fraction with a particle size of less than 2 to 10 mm is returned to the combustion process. there can return by adding to the given Fuel or by immediate task on the Burning bed done. To avoid dust formation and Improvement of the handling ability can precede the fine fraction the return be pelletisisert or briquetted.

Abstract

Typically, 1000 kg of rubbish with an ash content weighing 220 kg may be burnt on a grate. 100 kg of recirculated ash or slag may be added to the charge. 20 kg of fly ash may pass through a boiler heated by the incinerator and is filtered out of the flue gases and removed from the system. 300 kg of incombustible material is removed from the grate and passes through a wet cleaning stage. A separator recirculates 100 kg of unsintered or unmelted material and 200 kg of sintered slag is removed from the system. Cold primary air is used to keep the temperature of the fire bed comparatively cool just above the grate.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Beeinflussung der Eigenschaften von Verbrennungsrückständen aus einer Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere einer Abfallverbrennungsanlage, bei dem der Brennstoff auf einem Feuerungsrost verbrannt und die dabei entstehenden Verbrennungs-rückstände durch entsprechende Verbrennungsregelung auf eine erhöhte Temperatur gebracht werden.The invention relates to a method for influencing the properties of combustion residues from a Incineration plant, in particular a waste incineration plant, where the fuel is on a grate burned and the resulting combustion residues by appropriate combustion control on a elevated temperature are brought.

Bei einem Verfahren dieser Art, das aus der EP 0 667 490 B1 bekannt ist, wird der Brennstoff auf dem Feuerungsrost so stark erhitzt, dass die hierbei entstehende Schlacke vor Erreichen einer außerhalb des Feuerungsrostes angeordneten Schmelzstufe eine Temperatur aufweist, die nahe unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes dieser Schlacke liegt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird also die Verbrennung derart geregelt, dass die Schlacke am Ende des Feuerungsrostes eine möglichst hohe Temperatur aufweist, um den Energieaufwand in der nachgeschalteten Schmelzstufe gering zu halten. Hierbei findet aber kein Sintern oder Schmelzen der Schlacke statt. Um trotzdem die gewünschte Schlackequalität zu erhalten, ist deswegen eine nachgeschaltete Schmelzstufe erforderlich. Diese nachgeschaltete Schmelzstufe erfordert nicht nur eine entsprechende Vorrichtung, sondern trotz der vorgenannten Verfahrensführung auch einen erhöhten Energieaufwand. In a method of this kind, which is known from EP 0 667 490 B1 is known, the fuel on the firing grate so strongly heated, that the resulting slag before reaching one arranged outside the furnace grate Melting stage has a temperature close to below the melting point of this slag is. In this process Thus, the combustion is regulated so that the Slag at the end of the firing grate as high as possible Temperature has to reduce the energy consumption in the downstream To keep melting level low. But here is no sintering or melting of the slag takes place. To anyway To get the desired slag quality, that's why a downstream melting stage is required. This downstream Melting stage not only requires a corresponding one Device, but despite the aforementioned procedure also an increased energy expenditure.

Bedeutsam für die gewünschte Qualität der Schlacke sind die aus dem Abfall verbleibenden anorganischen und organischen Schadstoffbestandteile. Als anorganische Schadstoff-bestandteile sind vor allem Schwermetalle und Salze zu nennen, während die organischen Schadstoffe insbesondere auf eine unvollständige Verbrennung zurückzuführen sind. Wesentlich für die Beurteilung der Schlackequalität ist weiterhin, wie die vorhandenen Schadstoffe bei Elutionsversuchen ausgewaschen werden. Außerdem sind mechanische Eigenschaften zur Beurteilung der bautechnischen Eignung z.B. im Deponie-, Erd- oder Straßenbau von Bedeutung.Significant for the desired quality of the slag are the from the waste remaining inorganic and organic Pollutant components. As inorganic pollutant ingredients are mainly heavy metals and salts, while the organic pollutants in particular to an incomplete Incineration are due. Essential for the assessment of slag quality remains as existing Eliminated pollutants in elution experiments become. In addition, mechanical properties are for assessment the structural suitability, e.g. in landfill, earth or road construction of importance.

Aufgrund der hohen Temperaturen bei der Behandlung der Verbrennungsrückstände in einer Schmelzstufe sind geschmolzene Verbrennungsrückstände durch geringe Anteile an organischen Verbindungen gekennzeichnet. Während typische Schlacken aus Müllverbrennungsanlagen noch Unverbranntes, üblicherweise gemessen als Glühverlust, von 1 bis 5 Gew.-% aufweisen, liegt der Glühverlust von geschmolzenen Verbrennungsrückständen bei unter 0,3 Gew.-%. Zusätzlich sind geschmolzene Verbrennungsrückstände durch geringe Anteile von auslaugbaren Salzen und Schwermetallen gekennzeichnet, weil diese entweder verdampft oder in die bei Abkühlung der Schmelze sich bildende Glasmatrix eingebunden sind.Due to the high temperatures in the treatment of Combustion residues in a smelting stage are molten Combustion residues due to low levels of organic Marked connections. While typical Slags from waste incineration plants still unburned, usually measured as loss on ignition, from 1 to 5% by weight show the loss on ignition of molten combustion residues at below 0.3 wt .-%. In addition, are molten Combustion residues due to small proportions characterized by leachable salts and heavy metals, because these either evaporated or in the case of cooling the Melt forming glass matrix are involved.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, den Verbrennungsvorgang so zu beeinflussen und zu regeln, dass eine vollständig gesinterte Schlacke mit der gewünschten Qualität ohne den Einsatz von nachgeschalteten Schmelz- oder Verglasungsaggregaten erhalten wird.The object of the invention is the combustion process so too influence and regulate that completely sintered Slag with the desired quality without the use of downstream melting or glazing units obtained becomes.

Unter einer "vollständig gesinterten Schlacke" wird ein Material verstanden, das aus Sinter- und/oder Schmelzbrocken besteht, die typischerweise eine Korngröße von mindestens 2 bis 8 mm haben. Diese Brocken bestehen aus Verbrennungsrückständen des Mülls, die durch vollständiges oder oberflächliches Schmelzen agglomeriert sind. A "completely sintered slag" becomes a material understood that consists of sintered and / or melted chunks, typically a grain size of at least 2 to 8 mm. These chunks consist of combustion residues of garbage by complete or superficial Melting are agglomerated.

Die Sinter- oder Schmelzbrocken können aufgrund von Gasfreisetzung beim Sintern bzw. Schmelzen durchaus eine poröse Struktur haben. Die mögliche Porosität der vollständig gesinterten Schlacke ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass die Temperatur der geschmolzenen Schlacke im Brennbett nicht hoch genug ist, um eine ausreichend niedrige Viskosität und somit ein Austreiben von Gasbläschen zu bewirken, was in der Glastechnik auch als Läutern bezeichnet wird. Hierin unterscheidet sich die vollständig gesinterte Schlacke von typischen verglasten Schlacken, die in nachgeschalteten Hochtemperaturverfahren in mit Feuerfestmaterial ausgemauerten Tiegelöfen oder anderen Schmelzaggregaten erhalten wird.The sintered or smelted pieces may be due to gas release during sintering or melting quite a porous Have structure. The possible porosity of the fully sintered Slag is due to the fact that the temperature the molten slag in the fuel bed is not high is enough to have a sufficiently low viscosity and thus to cause expulsion of gas bubbles, which in the Glass technology is also referred to as Läutern. This is different the completely sintered slag of typical vitrified slags that are in downstream high-temperature process in crucible furnaces lined with refractory material or other melt aggregates.

Außerdem kann die vollständig gesinterte Schlacke auch Bestandteile des Abfalls, wie Glas oder Metalle, enthalten, die vom Verbrennungsvorgang weitestgehend unbeeinflusst den Feuerungsrost durchwandern, also im engeren Sinn im Brennbett weder geschmolzen noch gesintert sind, aber in Bezug auf Ausbrand und auslaugbare Schadstoffe die gewünschten Eigenschaften besitzen.In addition, the fully sintered slag can also constituents of waste, such as glass or metals, containing of the combustion process largely unaffected the Walk through grate, so in the narrower sense in the fuel bed neither melted nor sintered, but in terms of Burnout and leachable pollutants the desired properties have.

Der Begriff "Sintern" wird entspr. Hämmerli (Müll und Abfall 31, Beiheft Entsorgung von Schlacken und sonstigen Reststoffen, Seite 142, 1994) als ein "Spezialfall des Schmelzens und Gefrierens" bezeichnet. Im Folgenden geht somit der Begriff der Sinterung über die oft in der Wissenschaft gebräuchliche Anwendung dieses Begriffs als "oberflächliches An- oder Zusammenschmelzen von Partikeln" hinaus. Die Sinterbrocken der vollständig gesinterten Schlacke können durchaus auch ganz oder teilweise geschmolzen sein.The term "sintering" is equivalent to Hämmerli (garbage and waste 31, Supplement Disposal of slags and other residues, Page 142, 1994) as a "special case of melting and freezing. "In the following, therefore, the term the sintering over the often common in science Application of this term as "superficial arrival or Melting of Particles. "The Sinterbrocken The completely sintered slag can also be completely or partially melted.

Als Restschlacke werden im Folgenden die Schlacke-bestandteile bezeichnet, die nicht gesintert und/oder geschmolzen sind. Restschlacke ist gekennzeichnet durch eine im Vergleich zur vollständig gesinterten Schlacke kleinere Korngröße sowie höheren Glühverlust und Anteil an auslaugbaren Schadstoffen. The residual slag will be the slag constituents below not sintered and / or melted are. Residual slag is characterized by a comparison to completely sintered slag smaller grain size as well higher loss on ignition and proportion of leachable pollutants.

Die oben gestellte Aufgabe wird ausgehend von einem Verfahren der eingangs erläuterten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Verbrennungsregelung so geführt wird, dass bereits im Brennbett der Hauptverbrennungszone ein Sinter- und/oder Schmelzvorgang der Verbrennungsrückstände zu Schlacke erfolgt, und dass noch nicht oder nicht vollständig gesinterte oder geschmolzene Verbrennungsrückstände am Ende des Verbrennungsvorganges abgeschieden und dem Verbrennungsvorgang erneut zugeführt werden.The above task is based on a Method of the type described above according to the invention solved by the fact that the combustion control so led that is already in the fuel bed of the main combustion zone a sintering and / or melting the Combustion residue to slag takes place, and that still not or not completely sintered or molten Combustion residue at the end of the combustion process deposited and fed to the combustion process again become.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht also darin, einerseits den Verbrennungsvorgang auf dem Feuerungsrost so zu beeinflussen, dass bereits ein Sinter- und/oder Schmelzvorgang auf dem Feuerungsrost in der Hauptverbrennungszone stattfindet, und dass die jeweils noch nicht gesinterten oder geschmolzenen Verbrennungsrückstände wieder zurückgeführt werden, um beim zweiten oder dritten Durchgang den gewünschten Sinter- und/oder Schmelzvorgang zu erfahren.The basic idea of the invention is thus, on the one hand to influence the combustion process on the grate so that already a sintering and / or melting process the firing grate takes place in the main combustion zone, and that each still not sintered or molten Incineration residues are returned, at the second or third pass the desired Sintering and / or melting experience.

Der Schwerpunkt des Erfindungsgedankens beruht also darin, den Sinter- und/oder Schmelzvorgang der Verbrennungs-rückstände bereits im Brennbett der Hauptverbrennungszone vorzunehmen, was bisher nicht für möglich gehalten wurde. Es ist nämlich für mechanische Feuerungsroste äußerst schädlich, wenn flüssige Schlacke zwischen die einzelnen Roststäbe oder sonstige bewegbare Teile des Feuerungsrostes gelangt. Aus diesem Grunde hat man ein Schmelzen der Schlacke auf dem Rost vermieden und darauf geachtet, dass im Brennbett die Schmelztemperatur der Schlacke nicht erreicht wird.The focus of the inventive concept is therefore the sintering and / or melting process of the combustion residues already in the fuel bed of the main combustion zone, which was not thought possible until now. It is namely for mechanical firing grates extremely harmful, if liquid slag between the individual grate bars or Other movable parts of the Feuerungsrostes arrives. Out For this reason one has a melting of the slag on the Avoided rust and made sure that in the fuel bed the Melting temperature of the slag is not reached.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren findet der Sinter- und/oder Schmelzvorgang im oberen Bereich des Brennbettes statt, weil von oben her die größte Wärmeeinwirkung durch die Strahlung des Flammenkörpers stattfindet und von unten durch Zuführung von relativ kalter Primärverbrennungsluft die Temperatur des unmittelbar auf dem Feuerungsrost liegenden Materials geringer gehalten werden kann als auf der Oberseite des Brennbettes. Da bei einer solchen Verbrennungsregelung nicht die gesamten anfallenden Verbrennungsrückstände in eine vollständig gesinterte Schlacke mit der gewünschten Qualität umgewandelt werden können, werden diejenigen Verbrennungsrückstände, die noch nicht den Charakter der vollständig gesinterten Schlacke aufweisen, dem Verbrennungsvorgang wieder zugeführt.In the process according to the invention, the sintered and / or melting in the upper part of the fuel bed instead, because from the top the largest heat effect by the Radiation of the flame body takes place and from below by supplying relatively cold primary combustion air the Temperature of the directly on the Feuerungsrost lying Material can be kept lower than on the top of the fuel bed. Because with such a combustion control not the entire incipient combustion residues in a completely sintered slag with the desired Quality can be converted, those are Combustion residue, which does not yet have the character of completely sintered slag, the combustion process fed again.

Da das Sintern und/oder Schmelzen der Schlacke im Brennbett der Rostfeuerung erreicht wird, ist keine zusätzliche externe Energiequelle erforderlich. Die erhaltene Qualität entspricht weitestgehend den Produkten, die der Fachmann aus den bekannten nachgeschalteten thermischen Hochtemperaturverfahren zum Schmelzen und Verglasen kennt. Hierbei kommen Aggregate wie Drehrohrofen, Tiegelofen und Schmelzkammer zum Einsatz. Der wesentliche Nachteil dieser bekannten Verfahren ist jedoch der Bedarf an den sehr aufwendigen zusätzlichen Aggregaten und der hohe Energieeinsatz, was durch die vorliegende Erfindung trotz annähernd ähnlicher Qualität der Schlacke vermieden wird.As the sintering and / or melting of the slag in the fuel bed The grate firing is achieved is no additional external Energy source required. The quality obtained corresponds as far as possible the products that the expert from the known downstream high-temperature thermal process knows about melting and glazing. in this connection come aggregates such as rotary kiln, crucible furnace and melting chamber for use. The main disadvantage of these known However, the process is the need for the very elaborate additional units and the high energy input, what by the present invention despite approximately similar Quality of the slag is avoided.

Ein wesentlicher vorteilhafter Aspekt der Verbrennungsregelung nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren besteht darin, dass eine Sauerstoffanreicherung der Primärverbrennungsluft auf ca. 25 Vol.-% bis 40 Vol.-% vorgenommen wird. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahme besteht darin, daß eine Vorwärmung der Primärlufttemperatur auf Werte von ca. 100°C bis 400°C durchgeführt wird. Diese Maßnahmen können je nach Gegebenheiten getrennt oder kombiniert zum Einsatz kommen. Vorzugsweise wird in Abhängigkeit von der Beschaffenheit des Brenngutes die Brennbettemperatur in der Hauptbrennzone auf 1.000°C bis 1.400°C eingestellt.An essential advantageous aspect of the combustion control according to the method of the invention, that an oxygen enrichment of the primary combustion air to about 25 vol .-% to 40 vol .-% is made. Another advantageous measure is that a preheating the primary air temperature to values of approx. 100 ° C to 400 ° C is performed. These measures may vary depending on Conditions are used separately or combined. Preferably, depending on the nature of the Burning the fuel bed temperature in the main combustion zone set to 1,000 ° C to 1,400 ° C.

Sämtliche Maßnahmen im Rahmen der Verbrennungsregelung zur Einstellung der angestrebten Bedingungen, bei denen die Verbrennungsrückstände in gesinterte und/oder geschmolzene Schlacke umgewandelt werden, werden so gewählt, dass ein Anteil an vollständig gesinterter Schlacke von 25-75 Gew.-% der gesamten Verbrennungsrückstände anfällt. Bei dieser Maßnahme ist sichergestellt, dass im Brennbett der Hauptverbrennungszone auf dem Feuerungsrost genügend nicht schmelzendes Material vorhanden ist, das die schmelzende Schlacke umgibt, so dass diese die mechanischen Teile des Feuerungsrostes nicht beeinträchtigen kann.All measures in the context of combustion regulation setting the desired conditions for which the Combustion residues in sintered and / or molten Slag to be converted, are chosen so that a Proportion of completely sintered slag of 25-75% by weight the entire combustion residues accumulates. At this Measure is ensured that in the fuel bed of the main combustion zone not enough on the firing grid melting material is present, which is the melting Slag surrounds, so these are the mechanical parts of the Firing grate can not affect.

In vorteilhafter weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, wird Flugasche dem Verbrennungsvorgang wieder zugeführt. Diese Flugasche verläßt das Brennbett mit den Verbrennungsgasen über den Dampfkessel und wird in einem nachgeschalteten Abgasfilter abgeschieden.In an advantageous further embodiment of the invention is Fly ash fed back to the combustion process. These Fly ash leaves the fuel bed with the combustion gases over the boiler and is in a downstream Exhaust filter deposited.

Die Trennung der noch nicht vollständig gesinterten von der vollständig gesinterten Schlacke ist durch Klassierung der Schlacke nach dem Austrag aus dem Verbrennungssystem möglich, indem man einen Trennschnitt bei einer Korngröße von z.B. 2 bis 10 mm legt. Hierbei entspricht das Überkorn der vollständig gesinterten Schlacke, während das Unterkorn die rückzuführende Fraktion darstellt. Zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens kommen verschiedene mechanische Trennverfahren in Frage, die dem Fachmann bekannt sind.The separation of not completely sintered from the completely sintered slag is by classifying the Slag after discharge from the combustion system possible by making a separation cut at a grain size from e.g. 2 to 10 mm lays. Here, the oversize corresponds to the completely sintered slag, while the undersized represents the fraction to be recycled. To carry out this Method come various mechanical separation methods in question, which are known in the art.

Die Trennung kann entweder durch Sieben oder in weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung durch eine Kombination von Sieben und einem Waschvorgang erfolgen.The separation can be done either by sieving or in further advantageous embodiment of the invention by a combination of sieves and a washing process done.

Selbstverständlich sind noch weitere Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Schlackenqualität möglich, die außerhalb der Verbrennungsanlage stattfinden und insbesondere in speziellen Waschverfahren mit und ohne chemische Zusatzstoffe zu sehen sind. Of course, there are other measures to improve the slag quality possible outside the Incineration plant take place and in particular in special Washing process with and without chemical additives too see are.

Die Feinfraktion mit einer Korngröße von weniger als 2 bis 10 mm, wird in den Verbrennungsvorgang zurückgeführt. Dabei kann die Rückführung durch Beimischen zu dem aufzugebenden Brennstoff oder durch unmittelbare Aufgabe auf das Brennbett erfolgen. Zur Vermeidung von Staubbildung und Verbesserung der Handhabbarkeit kann die Feinfraktion vor der Rückführung pelletisisert oder brikettiert werden.The fine fraction with a particle size of less than 2 to 10 mm, is returned to the combustion process. there can return by adding to the given Fuel or by immediate task on the Burning bed done. To avoid dust formation and Improvement of the handling ability can precede the fine fraction the return be pelletisisert or briquetted.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand zweier Flußdiagramme näher erläutert. Die Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeigen:

Figur 1:
ein Flußdiagramm eines Basisverfahrens und
Figur 2:
eine erweiterte Ausführungsform des Verfahrens nach Figur 1.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to two flow charts. The exemplary embodiments of the method according to the invention show:
FIG. 1:
a flow chart of a basic method and
FIG. 2:
an extended embodiment of the method of Figure 1.

Entsprechend den beiden Verfahrensvarianten nach den Figuren 1 und 2 werden 1000kg Müll mit einem Aschegehalt von 220kg auf eine Rostfeuerung aufgegeben und dabei in einer Weise verbrannt, daß bereits ein Anteil von 25 bis 75% der anfallenden Verbrennungsrückstände zu vollständig gesinterter Schlacke umgewandelt wird. Die gesamten Rückstände betragen 300kg, die in einen Nassentschlacker fallen, in diesem gelöscht und ausgetragen werden. Durch ein Trennverfahren, welches eine Siebung und ggf. einen Waschvorgang umfasst, werden 200kg vollständig gesinterte Schlacke abgetrennt, die der Verwertung zugeführt werden. 100kg Verbrennungsrückstände, die noch nicht gesintert sind, werden wieder dem Verbrennungsvorgang zugeführt. Die mit den Rauchgasen den Feuerraum verlassende Flugasche beträgt 20kg und wird im Abgasfilter und durch Reinigung der Kesselrohre gewonnen und einem gesonderten Entsorgungsweg zugeführt.According to the two variants of the method according to the figures 1 and 2 will be 1000kg of waste with an ash content of 220kg abandoned on a grate firing and in one Way burned that already accounted for 25 to 75% of resulting combustion residues to completely sintered Slag is converted. The entire residues amount to 300kg falling into a wet trap, in this be deleted and discharged. Through a separation process, which a screening and possibly a washing process 200kg are completely sintered slag separated, which are recycled. 100kg Incineration residues that are not yet sintered, are returned to the combustion process. With the flue gases leaving the combustion chamber fly ash 20kg and is in the exhaust filter and by cleaning the Boiler pipes won and a separate disposal route fed.

Bei der Variante nach Figur 2 gelangen 310kg Verbrennungsrückstände in den Nassentschlacker, da bei dieser Verfahrensführung 10kg der Flugasche wieder dem Verbrennungsvorgang zugeführt werden. Der übrige Verfahrensverlauf entspricht demjenigen nach Figur 1.In the variant of Figure 2 reach 310kg combustion residues in the wet slagger, as in this procedure 10kg of fly ash again the combustion process be supplied. The rest of the procedure corresponds that of Figure 1.

Claims (11)

  1. Process for influencing the properties of incineration residues from an incineration plant, in particular a waste incineration plant, in which the incineration material is incinerated on a furnace grate, and the incineration residues produced are brought to an elevated temperature by suitably controlling the incineration, characterized in that the incineration is controlled in such a way that sintering and/or fusing of the incineration residues to form slag takes place as early as in the incineration bed of the main incineration zone and in that unsintered or unfused incineration residues are separated off at the end of the incineration operation and fed back to the furnace grate.
  2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the incineration control comprises increasing the levels of oxygen in the primary incineration air to from 25% by volume to 40% by volume.
  3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the incineration control comprises preheating the primary incineration air to from 100°C to 400°C.
  4. Process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the incineration bed temperature is set at 1000°C to 1400°C.
  5. Process according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the incineration control is set in such a way that the fully sintered slag amounts to from 25% to 75% of the incineration residues as a whole.
  6. Process according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fly ash produced during the incineration operation is fed back to the incineration operation.
  7. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the fully sintered slag is separated from as yet completely sintered slag.
  8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the separation is carried out by means of a screening cut-off at a grain size of 2 to 10 mm.
  9. Process according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the incineration residues are pelletized or briquetted before being returned.
  10. Process according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the incineration residues are returned by admixing them with the incineration material which is to be added.
  11. Process according to one claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the incineration residues are returned by adding them directly to the incineration bed.
EP03001180A 2002-03-27 2003-01-21 Method of influencing the properties of incineration residues of an incineration plant Expired - Lifetime EP1348906B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10213788A DE10213788B4 (en) 2002-03-27 2002-03-27 Method for influencing the properties of combustion residues from an incinerator
DE10213788 2002-03-27

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EP1348906B1 true EP1348906B1 (en) 2005-08-10

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EP (1) EP1348906B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100352554C (en)
AT (1) ATE301803T1 (en)
BR (1) BR0300827B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2423745C (en)
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DE102004050098B4 (en) * 2004-10-14 2007-05-31 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Combustion plant, in particular waste incineration plant
DE102006026434B3 (en) 2006-06-07 2007-12-13 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Process for improving the slag quality of grate firing systems
RU2415339C2 (en) * 2008-05-29 2011-03-27 Мартин ГмбХ Фюр Умвельт-Унд Энергитехник Combustion plant and control method of combustion plant
CN104180376B (en) * 2014-07-18 2016-07-13 广东华信达节能环保有限公司 A kind of incineration treatment of garbage technique
CN110125141A (en) * 2019-05-14 2019-08-16 北京环境工程技术有限公司 Bed material and preparation process and processing method for incineration of refuse flyash melting
CN113566210A (en) * 2021-07-30 2021-10-29 云南紫辰集团生物科技有限公司 Bagasse burning hot-blast stove for centrifugal spray drying
DE102021006192A1 (en) 2021-12-15 2023-06-15 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Process for incinerating waste and device for carrying out such a process

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CA2423745C (en) 2008-09-09
ES2247432T3 (en) 2006-03-01
US6748882B2 (en) 2004-06-15
PL359318A1 (en) 2003-10-06
CN1727067A (en) 2006-02-01
ATE301803T1 (en) 2005-08-15
DE10213788A1 (en) 2003-10-23
DE50300924D1 (en) 2005-09-15
BR0300827B1 (en) 2011-06-28
DE10213788B4 (en) 2007-04-26
PL200093B1 (en) 2008-12-31
RU2258179C2 (en) 2005-08-10
DK1348906T3 (en) 2005-11-07
EP1348906A1 (en) 2003-10-01
CA2423745A1 (en) 2003-09-27
CN100352554C (en) 2007-12-05
US20030183138A1 (en) 2003-10-02
BR0300827A (en) 2004-08-17

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