EP1346192A1 - Mikromechanischer inertialsensor - Google Patents
Mikromechanischer inertialsensorInfo
- Publication number
- EP1346192A1 EP1346192A1 EP01998153A EP01998153A EP1346192A1 EP 1346192 A1 EP1346192 A1 EP 1346192A1 EP 01998153 A EP01998153 A EP 01998153A EP 01998153 A EP01998153 A EP 01998153A EP 1346192 A1 EP1346192 A1 EP 1346192A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wafer
- plate
- inertial sensor
- axis
- sensor according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 claims description 119
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01C19/56—Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses, e.g. vibratory angular rate sensors based on Coriolis forces
- G01C19/5705—Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses, e.g. vibratory angular rate sensors based on Coriolis forces using masses driven in reciprocating rotary motion about an axis
- G01C19/5712—Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses, e.g. vibratory angular rate sensors based on Coriolis forces using masses driven in reciprocating rotary motion about an axis the devices involving a micromechanical structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/10—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
- G01C21/12—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
- G01C21/16—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
- G01C21/166—Mechanical, construction or arrangement details of inertial navigation systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/125—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by capacitive pick-up
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/18—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration in two or more dimensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P2015/0805—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration
- G01P2015/0822—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass
- G01P2015/0825—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass
- G01P2015/0828—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass the mass being of the paddle type being suspended at one of its longitudinal ends
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P2015/0805—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration
- G01P2015/0822—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass
- G01P2015/0825—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass
- G01P2015/0831—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass the mass being of the paddle type having the pivot axis between the longitudinal ends of the mass, e.g. see-saw configuration
Definitions
- the invention relates to a micromechanical inertial sensor according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing a micromechanical inertial sensor.
- Micromechanical inertial sensors are used, for example, to measure accelerations or rotation rates.
- the technology of micromechanics makes it possible to manufacture such acceleration or rotation rate sensors in a very small space and to manufacture them relatively inexpensively.
- structures are created from semiconductor components by which the measurement of accelerations due to inertial forces or e.g. rotation rates can also be measured on the basis of the Coriolis effect.
- Such sensors can be used in various areas of technology, for example in vehicles or in the field of aviation.
- acceleration sensors are used, for. B. used to trigger airbag systems.
- vehicle dynamics control systems in which the measurement of rotation rate and acceleration in several spatial directions is a central component.
- an accurate measurement of a rotation rate or acceleration serves to determine the position or orbit, in particular as a supplement to satellite navigation systems.
- the document US 4,598,585 shows a planar inertial sensor which has a cardan structure for measuring rotation rates based on the Coriolis effect.
- the cardan structure is formed in a thin layer of silicon dioxide.
- a drive element causes part of the gimbal structure to vibrate and a deflection of the other part of the gimbal structure, caused by an effective
- Coriolis force occurs during a rotary movement is detected by measuring elements.
- micromechanical acceleration sensor An example of a micromechanical acceleration sensor is in the publication
- X is a planar structure and consists of two semiconductor bodies that are connected to one another over a large area.
- a self-supporting structure is connected to one of the semiconductor bodies and is freely movable perpendicular to the surface of the two semiconductor bodies.
- the known micromechanical inertial sensors have the disadvantage that only individual movement data or movement components can be measured. With a conceivable combination of the known sensors to form a sensor module, additional sources of error would arise during module integration. Furthermore, module integration is associated with additional costs, since the different sensor units have to be combined with one another. In addition, such a sensor module would have a relatively large construction volume.
- the micromechanical axial sensor according to the invention has a cardan structure, which is embodied, for example, in a wafer and comprises two oscillation elements, which are coupled and have oscillation axes oriented essentially perpendicular to one another, an excitation unit for oscillating the first oscillation element, and a device for detecting a deflection of the second oscillating element, at least one additional plate which is pivotably fastened about an axis of rotation and can be deflected by an acceleration acting perpendicularly to the axis of rotation, and a device for detecting a deflection of the plate, the cardan structure and the at least one plate being formed in a single wafer are.
- the axial sensor according to the invention is suitable for the measurement of several different movement data in different spatial directions, whereby it nevertheless has a very small construction volume and delivers extremely precise measurement results. Monolithic integration is possible with the sensor, which offers considerable advantages in manufacture. Additional sources of error in module integration are avoided.
- the inertial sensor or the sensor module is a cost-effective solution for measuring dynamic processes in several degrees of freedom of movement, e.g. Yaw rates, lateral and longitudinal acceleration of vehicles. In particular, it can be produced using the same method and it can be produced on a common substrate.
- the inertial sensor comprises one or more additional mass elements which are attached to the gimbal structure and / or to the plate.
- the interactive sensor is advantageously constructed from at least three levels, the wafer preferably being a middle part wafer which is fastened between a bottom wafer and a lid wafer.
- This configuration simplifies production even further, which also contributes to cost reduction.
- the construction in three or even several levels or wafer levels also contributes in particular to the reduction in area.
- the individual sensors for the various movement components are made, for example, from three assembled wafers.
- the middle part wafer is preferably made of silicon and the bottom wafer and / or the lid wafer are made of glass, for example.
- both the gimbal structure and the plate are produced together in the wafer or in a single wafer.
- a rotation rate sensor and at least one acceleration sensor are produced, for example, using silicon micromechanics in such a way that they can be produced together on one wafer.
- the sensitivity axis of the yaw rate sensor i.e. the axis of a rotation to be measured, e.g. aligned perpendicular to the wafer plane.
- Accelerometer sensors e.g. perpendicular and / or parallel to the wafer level, can be produced in any combination together with the rotation rate sensor.
- Rotatable or twistable suspensions for the gimbal can be in the wafer
- the mechanical suspensions for inertial masses or mass elements and / or plates, which e.g. electrostatically excited and read out are formed from the or a single silicon wafer.
- the detection of the deflection of the plate and / or the second oscillating element can be carried out capacitively.
- other types of detection of deflections are also possible, for example piezoelectric or piezoresistive.
- the device for detecting the deflection of the plate and / or the second oscillating element comprises, for example, a plurality of capacitive elements, which can be arranged in such a way that an opposing change in capacitance is generated as a measurement signal during deflection.
- the individual sensors can be designed in such a way that the torsion takes place about an axis of rotation which is parallel to the wafer plane and leads to an opposite change in the two capacitors. That is, the rotation rate or acceleration to be measured generates a torque which leads to torsion or tilting of the plate or a capacitance plate and thus to an opposite direction Capacitance change. This serves as a measure of the rotation rate or acceleration, whereby a particularly high precision is achieved and drift effects or other disturbances which would otherwise have a negative effect on the measurement are reduced or prevented.
- the second oscillating element is advantageously designed as a frame, being a
- Has vibration or rotation axis which e.g. lies in the wafer plane and in particular is aligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the first oscillating element. It can
- X first oscillating element which is designed, for example, as a rocker or plate and is fastened or suspended within the second oscillating element, comprises two or more mass elements aligned symmetrically to the wafer plane and in particular has an axis of rotation lying parallel to the wafer plane.
- the first is
- Vibrating element e.g. a torsional vibrator, i.e. it can execute torsional vibrations about its axis of vibration or rotation.
- This torsional vibrator is located within the frame or the second vibrating element, which can execute torsional vibrations about an axis, which e.g. is parallel to the wafer plane and perpendicular to
- At least one additional mass element is attached to the plate, for example, the common center of gravity of the plate and additional mass element advantageously being offset in a direction perpendicular to the wafer plane with respect to the axis of rotation of the plate.
- the plate is attached at two opposite locations or positions in the wafer plane in such a way that the plate can rotate about an axis through the suspension points.
- This axis preferably runs through the center of the plate.
- the mass element or at least one mass can be arranged in the center of the plate so that it protrudes from the wafer plane.
- at least one additional mass element is attached to the plate in such a way that the common center of gravity of the plate and the additional mass element is offset relative to the axis of rotation of the plate in the direction of the wafer plane. In this way, the plate is deflected due to the acting inertial forces at an acceleration directed perpendicular to the wafer plane. This means that the plate designed in this way forms an acceleration sensor with a sensitivity for accelerations perpendicular to the wafer plane.
- Wafer plane has a plate that can be attached at two opposite locations in the wafer plane, such that the plate can rotate about an axis through the suspension points. In this case the axis does not run through the center of the plate.
- a mass or a mass element is protruding, for example, symmetrically to the plate above and / or below that protrudes from the wafer plane.
- a plurality of plates are advantageously provided or configured in the wafer in order to measure accelerations in three spatial directions perpendicular to one another. That is, the acceleration sensors configured from the plates with different axes of rotation can be provided individually or in combination with one another.
- the acceleration sensor for measurement along a first axis parallel to the wafer plane advantageously has the same structure as the acceleration sensor for measurement along a second axis parallel to the wafer plane, which is directed perpendicular to the first axis.
- the acceleration sensors or the plates can also be arranged on the wafer rotated relative to one another by 90 °.
- the wafer advantageously lies in a hermetically sealed interior, in particular electrical feedthroughs to one or more external ones Contact elements are provided. This allows the interior of the sensor to be sealed liquid and gas tight.
- the electrical feedthroughs establish an electrical connection between the sensor interior and the electrical contact points in the exterior.
- Contact elements are preferably provided which can be planar and parallel to the wafer surface. All electrical contact points are preferably planar and are parallel to the wafer or substrate surface. This also contributes to simplified manufacture and easier contacting of the sensors or the individual sensor elements.
- the mass element or the mass elements are advantageously spherical and fastened in associated recesses in the wafer.
- Steel balls or similar balls are used, which preferably have a relatively high weight.
- There is a simple and durable attachment in the recesses, e.g. also a magnetic connection or other known attachment options, such as Gluing etc. are possible.
- a method for producing a micromechanical inertial sensor comprising the steps of providing a wafer; Forming a gimbal structure in the wafer with first and second vibrating elements; Form at least one additional plate in the wafer so that it can be pivoted about an axis of rotation lying in the wafer plane and can be deflected by acceleration forces; Forming an excitation unit to excite the gimbal structure to vibrate; and forming a device for measuring a deflection of the plate and the gimbal structure, the gimbal structure and the at least one plate being formed in the wafer by structuring a single wafer using techniques of micromechanics.
- a hermetically sealed interior is advantageously designed between the further wafers, the cardan structure and the plate being arranged in the interior
- One or more additional mass elements can be attached to the plate and / or to a vibrating element of the gimbal structure. This means that the sensors can each have at least one separately attached mass.
- the mechanical input variable e.g. an acceleration or a rotation rate leads to a tilting of a capacitor plate. This tilt causes two capacities to change in opposite directions.
- a final module test is advantageously carried out, in which a combined test of individual sensor elements or of the entire module of sensor elements is carried out. This means that the sensors of a module are tested together. The individual tests of the sensors and the final module test can be combined. This results in a time and cost saving in particular.
- accelerations perpendicular and parallel to the wafer plane and a rotation rate about an axis perpendicular to the wafer plane can be measured with individual sensors or sensor elements, which in particular can be produced together on one substrate.
- the direction of sensitivity is determined by the sensor structure and the arrangement on the substrate.
- the invention leads in particular to the following advantages: Small overall volume of the complete sensor module, ie in particular less space required on the substrate when the module is manufactured in comparison to the manufacture of the individual sensors. This results in particular in a reduction in manufacturing costs.
- All electrical contact points can be on the same level. This further reduces the effort for contacting the sensor elements.
- a common test procedure for the sensors of a module can be carried out.
- the individual test of the sensors and the final module tests can be combined. This results in further time and cost savings.
- a common evaluation method in particular with a differential capacitance measuring principle, is possible for all sensors. This also results in a further reduction in the costs of developing and manufacturing the evaluation electronics.
- FIG. 1 shows the micromechanical inertial sensor according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in a sectional view
- Figure 2 is a top view of the gimbal structure of the one shown in Figure 1
- Figure 3 is a plan view of an electrode structure for electrostatically driving the vibrations of the gimbal structure
- Figure 4 shows an outer edge portion of the preferred embodiment of the inertial sensor according to the invention as a sectional view in an enlarged view.
- the interactive sensor 10 is constructed in three levels, a central part 11 between a base part 12 and a cover part 13.
- the central part 11 is a wafer or substrate element in which structures capable of oscillation are formed.
- These structures capable of oscillation comprise a gimbal structure 14 which has a first oscillation element 16 and a second oscillation element 15.
- two plates 17, 18 are formed in the wafer 11 or semiconductor body, each of which is fastened in the wafer 11 pivotably about an axis of rotation P1, P2 lying in the wafer plane.
- metallizations or conductive areas 20 on the inner surface of the base part 12, which form an electrostatic excitation unit in order to set the first oscillating element 16 into vibrations.
- Further metallizations or conductive areas 19 form a device for the capacitive detection of a deflection of the second oscillating element 15.
- the movable or oscillatable structures in the wafer 11, which forms the middle part, are structured using techniques of micromechanics in or out of a single wafer.
- the middle part 11 is a silicon wafer in which, due to the movable structures, a rotation rate sensor for measuring rotations about the z-axis, an acceleration sensor for measuring accelerations in the direction of the x-axis or y-axis and an acceleration sensor for measuring accelerations are formed in the direction of the z-axis.
- the rotation rate sensor is formed by the cardan structure 14, while the acceleration sensor for the x-axis or y-axis is formed by the plate 17 and the acceleration sensor for the z-axis is formed by the plate 18.
- the axes of rotation P1 and P2 of the plates 17 and 18 are both perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, i.e. in the y direction, so that the plates 17 and 18 are rotatably or oscillatably supported in the z direction.
- the first oscillating element 16 of the cardan structure 14 is also rotatably or oscillatably mounted about an axis P3 which is directed perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, ie in the y direction.
- the first oscillating element 16 can be the gimbal
- Structure 14 are also deflected in the z direction or vibrations with a
- the first oscillating element 16 is mounted within the second oscillating element 15, which is designed like a frame.
- the outer, frame-like second oscillating element 15 is also mounted on the remaining wafer 11 so that it can oscillate or rotate, the axis of rotation P4 of the second
- Vibrating element 15 extends in the wafer plane in the x direction, i.e. perpendicular to
- Additional spherical mass elements 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 are arranged on the top and bottom of the wafer 11 in the area of the movable structures formed therein.
- the spherical mass elements are positively fastened in depressions in the different areas of the wafer 11.
- the additional mass elements are steel balls in the present case, which have a relatively high weight compared to the other components of the inertial sensor.
- other shapes or materials can also be used for the additional mass elements 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.
- the first oscillating element 16 which is designed as a rocker, carries a mass element 23, 24 on its top and on its underside.
- the additional mass elements 23, 24 on the rocker 16 are centrally above or below the
- the axis of rotation P3 of the rocker 16 is arranged, ie the mass elements 23, 24 are aligned symmetrically to one another with respect to the axis of rotation P3 of the rocker 16.
- Vibration of the gimbal structure 14 about the axis of rotation P3 of the rocker or first oscillating element 16, which runs in the wafer plane in the y direction occurs when the sensor module 10 rotates about an axis running perpendicular to the wafer plane (z direction) due to the Coriolis force acting Deflection of the frame or second oscillating element 15. That is, the frame 15 or the second oscillating element is deflected about the axis of rotation P4. This deflection of the frame 15 in the z direction is a measure of the rate of rotation of the inertial sensor or sensor module 10 about an axis of rotation extending in the z direction.
- the mass element 25 is arranged centrally on the upper side of the first plate element 17 and is positively fastened in a recess.
- the mass element 25 is located exactly above the axis of rotation P1 of the first plate 17.
- the center of gravity is shifted relative to the axis of rotation P1 and with respect to the wafer plane.
- An additional mass element 26 and 27 is arranged on the top and on the bottom of the second plate 18.
- the spherical mass elements 26, 27 are fastened in depressions as described above. However, they are not arranged centrally above or below the axis of rotation P2 of the second plate 18, but offset with respect to this axis of rotation in the direction of the wafer plane or in the x direction.
- the additional mass elements 26, 27 are attached to the edge of the plate 18. That is, the center of gravity of the mass elements 26, 27 is offset in relation to the axis of rotation P2 in the x direction or in the direction of the wafer plane.
- the second plate 18 When accelerating in the z direction, ie perpendicular to the wafer plane or to the plane of the sensor module 10, the second plate 18 is deflected or tilted in the z direction on account of the acting inertial forces of the additional mass elements 26, 27. The plate 18 is thereby rotated the axis of rotation P2 extending in the y direction is tilted.
- a mass element does not necessarily have to be arranged on the top and on the bottom in order to effect the inertial forces for measuring the accelerations or the Coriolis force on the basis of a rotation rate.
- this arrangement with mass elements arranged symmetrically on the top and on the bottom has very great advantages with regard to the measuring accuracy of the sensor, which is significantly improved by the high degree of symmetry.
- Recesses 13a and 12a are provided to accommodate the additional mass elements 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. A sufficiently large scope is granted so that the
- Structure 14 can be executed.
- the semiconductor substrate or the wafer 11 is firmly connected at its edge regions to the bottom part 12 underneath and the cover part 13 lying above it.
- This connection forms a hermetically sealed interior 28, in which the movable structures of the wafer 11 are located.
- the individual sensors formed or structured in the wafer 11 for measuring accelerations and rotation rates are sealed gas-tight or liquid-tight to the outside.
- a pressure-tight connection is established, and the interior 28 can be evacuated.
- All conductive areas for driving the sensor elements or for reading out tilting or swiveling movements of the movable structures are arranged in a planar or flat manner on the top of the base part 12.
- the conductive regions 19, 20, 21, 22 are aligned parallel to one another and parallel to the opposite surfaces of the central part or of the wafer 11.
- the conductive region 20 serves to electrostatically drive the inner, rocker-like oscillating element 16 or the cardan structure 14.
- the conductive region 19 lies opposite the outer, frame-like oscillating element 15 and forms a pair of capacitors for reading out the tilting movement or deflection of the frame 15. The capacity changes in the opposite direction, which means that measurement inaccuracies can be largely reduced.
- the conductive region 21 is arranged flat against the underside of the plate 17 and, together with the plate 17, likewise forms a pair of capacitors, a capacitor being configured on each side of the axis of rotation P1.
- the conductive region 22 is also flat on the top of the base part 12 and aligned parallel to the opposite plate 18.
- the conductive region 22 forms, together with the plate 18, a pair of capacitors which, when the plate 18 is deflected, generates opposing capacitance signals.
- Electrical feedthroughs 29 in the edge region of the sensor module 10 represent an electrical connection between the sensor elements located in the interior 28 and external electrical connections 30, via which the power supply, control and signal evaluation units are connected.
- FIG. 2 shows a partial area of the wafer 11 in a view from above, which forms the gimbal structure 14 due to its structuring. Opposing outer slots 31, 32 and opposite inner slots 33, 34 are formed in this partial area.
- Each of the oscillating elements 15, 16 is attached to oscillatable or torsionable, opposite suspensions 35, 36 and 37, 38, respectively.
- FIG. 3 shows the basic configuration of the conductive regions, which each form a pair of electrode surfaces 39.
- the conductive regions 19, 20, 21, 22 described above are advantageously designed in this way.
- Each electrode surface 39 is surrounded by a closed ring electrode 41.
- connection pad provided for the respective electrode surface.
- FIG. 4 shows an edge area of the inertial sensor 10 or sensor module in an enlarged sectional view.
- the middle part 1 1 or the wafer is over a
- Pressure contact 45 connected to the bottom part 12 made of glass. In this area, as described above, a pressure-tight electrical feedthrough from the sensor interior to the outside is guaranteed.
- the bottom part 12 protrudes slightly from the center part 11, i.e. a projection is formed, on the upper side of which the connection 30 is designed in the form of a connection pad by means of suitable metallizations.
- the plates 17, 18 which, as described above, form acceleration sensors for the z-axis and for the x-axis and / or y-axis, are similar to the gimbal structure 14 in each case at opposite suspension points or positions attached to the remaining wafer 1 1. They are therefore also
- Element or rockers designed and rotatable about an axis that runs through a region or a central region of the respective plate.
- Measurement sensitivities for movement variables in the most varied of directions are possible. It is also possible that only a single plate is configured in addition to the cardan structure 14 in the wafer 11.
- the wafers are connected at the edges via pressure contacts, with electrical feedthroughs being formed to the outside.
- the sensor module is preferably evacuated.
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Gyroscopes (AREA)
- Pressure Sensors (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10060091A DE10060091B4 (de) | 2000-12-02 | 2000-12-02 | Mikromechanischer Inertialsensor |
| DE10060091 | 2000-12-02 | ||
| PCT/EP2001/014021 WO2002044652A1 (de) | 2000-12-02 | 2001-11-30 | Mikromechanischer inertialsensor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1346192A1 true EP1346192A1 (de) | 2003-09-24 |
Family
ID=7665652
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01998153A Withdrawn EP1346192A1 (de) | 2000-12-02 | 2001-11-30 | Mikromechanischer inertialsensor |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6907782B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1346192A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004514894A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10060091B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002044652A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004028129B4 (de) * | 2004-06-09 | 2007-08-02 | Fendt, Günter | Verfahren zur Auswertung eines Drehratensignals eines Multifunktionsdrehratensensors |
| TWI292034B (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2008-01-01 | Analog Integrations Corp | Single-chip device for micro-array inertial system |
| US7640786B2 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2010-01-05 | Northrop Grumman Guidance And Electronics Company, Inc. | Self-calibrating accelerometer |
| DE102007017209B4 (de) * | 2007-04-05 | 2014-02-27 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Mikromechanischer Inertialsensor zur Messung von Drehraten |
| FR2956906B1 (fr) * | 2010-02-26 | 2012-03-23 | Marc Akly | Dispositif d'orientation d'un systeme de detection d'impact dans le sens de chute d'un aeronef, suite a une avarie |
| US8584522B2 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2013-11-19 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Micromachined piezoelectric x-axis gyroscope |
| JP5425824B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-16 | 2014-02-26 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 複合センサ |
| KR101366552B1 (ko) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-02-26 | 주식회사 동부하이텍 | 반도체 소자 및 그 제조 방법 |
| KR101366554B1 (ko) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-02-26 | 주식회사 동부하이텍 | 반도체 소자 및 그 제조 방법 |
| DE102012219605B4 (de) * | 2012-10-26 | 2021-09-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Mikromechanisches Bauelement |
| JP6248576B2 (ja) | 2013-11-25 | 2017-12-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 機能素子、電子機器、および移動体 |
| WO2021261557A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-12-30 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 慣性力センサ |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2130373B (en) * | 1982-11-17 | 1986-12-31 | Stc Plc | Accelerometer device |
| US4598585A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1986-07-08 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Planar inertial sensor |
| US5195371A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1993-03-23 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Semiconductor chip transducer |
| JPH06138141A (ja) * | 1992-10-26 | 1994-05-20 | Omron Corp | 半導体加速度センサ |
| US5712426A (en) * | 1993-08-03 | 1998-01-27 | Milli Sensory Systems And Actuators, Inc. | Pendulous oscillating gyroscopic and accelerometer multisensor and amplitude oscillating gyroscope |
| JPH0783667A (ja) * | 1993-09-14 | 1995-03-28 | Toshiba Corp | 角速度センサ |
| US5488862A (en) * | 1993-10-18 | 1996-02-06 | Armand P. Neukermans | Monolithic silicon rate-gyro with integrated sensors |
| JPH07306220A (ja) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-21 | Tokai Rika Co Ltd | 加速度センサ及びその製造方法 |
| DE4439238A1 (de) | 1994-11-03 | 1996-05-09 | Telefunken Microelectron | Kapazitiver Beschleunigungssensor |
| JPH09196682A (ja) * | 1996-01-19 | 1997-07-31 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 角速度センサと加速度センサ |
| JP3433015B2 (ja) * | 1996-07-26 | 2003-08-04 | キンセキ株式会社 | 圧電発振素子 |
| DE19719780B4 (de) | 1997-05-10 | 2006-09-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Beschleunigungserfassungseinrichtung |
| US6032531A (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 2000-03-07 | Kearfott Guidance & Navigation Corporation | Micromachined acceleration and coriolis sensor |
| JP2000028365A (ja) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-28 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 角速度センサ |
| JP4362877B2 (ja) | 1998-09-18 | 2009-11-11 | 株式会社デンソー | 角速度センサ |
| US6725719B2 (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2004-04-27 | Milli Sensor Systems And Actuators, Inc. | MEMS-integrated inertial measurement units on a common substrate |
-
2000
- 2000-12-02 DE DE10060091A patent/DE10060091B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-11-30 WO PCT/EP2001/014021 patent/WO2002044652A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-11-30 EP EP01998153A patent/EP1346192A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-11-30 US US10/433,335 patent/US6907782B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-30 JP JP2002546155A patent/JP2004514894A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0244652A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002044652A1 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
| US20040045354A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
| US6907782B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 |
| DE10060091B4 (de) | 2004-02-05 |
| JP2004514894A (ja) | 2004-05-20 |
| DE10060091A1 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
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