EP1341828A1 - Polymere optiquement actif a fonctions epoxydes, procede de preparation dudit polymere, et son utilisation - Google Patents
Polymere optiquement actif a fonctions epoxydes, procede de preparation dudit polymere, et son utilisationInfo
- Publication number
- EP1341828A1 EP1341828A1 EP01997513A EP01997513A EP1341828A1 EP 1341828 A1 EP1341828 A1 EP 1341828A1 EP 01997513 A EP01997513 A EP 01997513A EP 01997513 A EP01997513 A EP 01997513A EP 1341828 A1 EP1341828 A1 EP 1341828A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- optionally substituted
- group
- hydrogen atom
- represent
- chosen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003821 enantio-separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 88
- -1 cycloalkyl alcohol Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 85
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 62
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical group N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005196 alkyl carbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005199 aryl carbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Chemical class COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- BDOLXPFAFMNDOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxazaborolidine Chemical compound B1CCON1 BDOLXPFAFMNDOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005415 substituted alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- SXRLRTAOSJEJCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)([Li])CCC([Li])(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)([Li])CCC([Li])(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SXRLRTAOSJEJCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropan-2-olate Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical class CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920013730 reactive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005649 substituted arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical group [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002466 imines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- URMHJZVLKKDTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;(3-methyl-1-phenylpentyl)benzene Chemical compound [Li+].C=1C=CC=CC=1[C-](CC(C)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 URMHJZVLKKDTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;butane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH-]C WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-L phosphoramidate Chemical compound NP([O-])([O-])=O PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007250 stereoselective catalysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011916 stereoselective reduction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000316 alkaline earth metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 12
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007223 regioselective catalysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003662 regioselective catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 19
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 16
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 15
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 10
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 8
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 7
- RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N (1z,3z)-cycloocta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC\C=C/C=C\C1 RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007871 hydride transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N periodic acid Chemical compound OI(=O)(=O)=O KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- OJHBMRXREXEUAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]C(C)(C)C(=O)OC(C)C Chemical compound [Li]C(C)(C)C(=O)OC(C)C OJHBMRXREXEUAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKXRHNASYXQERG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]C(C)(C)C(=O)OCC Chemical compound [Li]C(C)(C)C(=O)OCC WKXRHNASYXQERG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARBPFSQSNAYMGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]C(C)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [Li]C(C)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ARBPFSQSNAYMGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKAUPAYYXDMMNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]C1(CC=CC=C1)C(C)C Chemical compound [Li]C1(CC=CC=C1)C(C)C BKAUPAYYXDMMNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N abcn Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(C#N)N=NC1(C#N)CCCCC1 KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005194 alkoxycarbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004808 allyl alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003927 aminopyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940058934 aminoquinoline antimalarials Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000005010 aminoquinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012435 analytical chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BWBKEJAPPLIFGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole;benzonitrile Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1.N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 BWBKEJAPPLIFGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009876 asymmetric hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002210 biocatalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940075397 calomel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000259 cinnolinyl group Chemical group N1=NC(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPHUWKNKFYBPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Cu] OPHUWKNKFYBPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyacetone Chemical compound OCC(=O)CO RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEBCWEDRGPSHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropyl tartrate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)OC(C)C XEBCWEDRGPSHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012154 double-distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZDLPPKSPYPXRNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylperoxyethene Chemical compound C=COOC=C ZDLPPKSPYPXRNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004186 food analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- FIKFOOMAUXPBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hepta-2,5-dienediamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=CCC=CC(N)=O FIKFOOMAUXPBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JBFYUZGYRGXSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolide Chemical compound C1=C[N-]C=N1 JBFYUZGYRGXSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003406 indolizinyl group Chemical group C=1(C=CN2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodic acid Chemical compound OI(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000904 isoindolyl group Chemical group C=1(NC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium methoxide Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUQLCJCZFWUWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;1-phenylhexylbenzene Chemical compound [Li+].C=1C=CC=CC=1[C-](CCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 UUQLCJCZFWUWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;ethanolate Chemical compound [Li+].CC[O-] AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002690 malonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- VHRYZQNGTZXDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacryloyl chloride Chemical compound CC(=C)C(Cl)=O VHRYZQNGTZXDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002780 morpholines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940088644 n,n-dimethylacrylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJQAMHYHNCADNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylpropanamide Chemical compound CCC(=O)NC QJQAMHYHNCADNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004593 naphthyridinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CN=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005244 neohexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005460 perfluorocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YFMFSCRSAWIWOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl(trityl)diazene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N=NC(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFMFSCRSAWIWOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWXJULSLLONQHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylcarbamic acid Chemical class OC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 PWXJULSLLONQHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004592 phthalazinyl group Chemical group C1(=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CUQOHAYJWVTKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;butan-1-olate Chemical compound [K+].CCCC[O-] CUQOHAYJWVTKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004237 preparative chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001042 pteridinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=NC=CN=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+) Chemical compound [Ru+2] YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005619 secondary aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- WTKVMIIQXATOJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-(1,1,2,2-tetraphenyl-2-trimethylsilyloxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(O[Si](C)(C)C)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WTKVMIIQXATOJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
- B01J20/29—Chiral phases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
- B01J20/282—Porous sorbents
- B01J20/285—Porous sorbents based on polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B53/00—Asymmetric syntheses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B57/00—Separation of optically-active compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/32—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing epoxy radicals
- C08F220/325—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing epoxy radicals containing glycidyl radical, e.g. glycidyl (meth)acrylate
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optically active polymer having reactive epoxy functions, each epoxy function carrying at least one chiral center.
- the invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of said polymer, in particular by radical route.
- the invention also covers an optically active polymer derived from the previous one by opening the epoxy functions (designated polymer modified below) as well as its preparation process.
- the invention relates to the use of this polymer as a polymer matrix in chemical chromatography, as a polymer support in asymmetric synthesis on a solid phase or as a ligand in the preparation of transition metal complexes intended for asymmetric catalysis. , as well as the use of said polymer as reactive polymeric material for the immobilization of enzymes.
- the invention provides methods for preparing said polymers which allow modulation of physical properties such as appearance, porosity, specific surface, size of the beads and resistance.
- the main advantages of the polymer of the invention are its optically active nature and its reactivity.
- the chirality is notably carried by the epoxy functions. Reactivity is linked to the presence of epoxide functions within the polymer backbone. These properties of the polymer of the invention make it particularly suitable for use in chiral chromatography, after opening of the reactive epoxy functions.
- nucleophilic agents are phosphines, amines, guanidines, thiols and thiolates, ammonia, alcohols and alcoholates, water, selenols and their salts, sulfites and bisulfites and carbanions.
- the polymer of the invention is not only usable in chiral chromatography but also as a support in asymmetric synthesis on solid phase or as a chiral ligand capable of coordinating with a transition metal for the preparation of metal complexes usable in asymmetric catalysis.
- the invention relates to an optically active polymer which can be obtained by radical or anionic polymerization of an optically active ethylenic monomer with an epoxide function carrying at least one chiral center optionally in the presence of one or more other copolymerizable ethylenic monomers.
- optically active polymer is meant a polymer having an enantiomeric excess of at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, for example at least 80% and more preferably at least 90%, such as d '' at least 95%.
- the copolymerizable ethylenic monomer can comprise one or more ethylenic double bonds. When it comprises more than one ethylenic double bond, it is preferable that these be conjugated to each other.
- the copolymerizable ethylene monomers include olefinic hydrocarbons such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, divinylbenzene, vinyltoluene, vinylfuran, vinylthiophene, vinylpyrrole and styrenesulfonic acids but also dienes of the isoprene and butadiene type; halogenated monomers of the vinyl chloride, chloroprene, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene fluoride and vinyl fluoride type; unsaturated acids of the acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and crotonic acid type; unsaturated esters of the vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate or methacrylate type; unsaturated amides such as acrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, methylenebisacrylamide and N-vinylpyrrolidone; unsaturated n
- the preferred polymers of the invention are copolymers resulting from the polymerization of an ethylenic monomer which can be polymerized with an optically active ethylenic monomer with an epoxy function carrying at least one chiral center.
- the molar ratio of the fraction derived from the epoxy-functional optically active ethylenic monomer to the fraction derived from the copolymerizable ethylenic monomer in the polymer of the invention varies from 1-100: 0-99, for example from 10- 100: 0-90, preferably 30-100: 0-70, preferred ratios being 100: 0, 50:50 and 30:70.
- each ethylenic monomer comprises, at the alpha of the ethylenic double bond, a carbonyl, nitrile, ester, amide or ether function, and this in order to increase its reactivity. More preferably, it is an ester function which activates the ethylenic double bond.
- a first preferred group of polymers of the invention consists of polymers in which: the copolymerizable ethylenic monomers, when they are present, comprise a carbonyl, ester, amide or ether function in alpha of the ethylenic double bond, and / or
- the optically active ethylenic monomer with an epoxy function carrying at least one chiral center comprises a carbonyl, ester or amide function in alpha of the ethylenic double bond.
- - n is an integer between 1 and 10, preferably chosen from 1, 2, 3 and 4;
- - X represents -O-, -S- or -NT- where T represents a hydrogen atom; an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group, said group being optionally substituted;
- R °, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom; or an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group, said group being optionally substituted; it being understood that R 5 and R 6 may also represent 1-alkenyl.
- X represents O in formula I above.
- R ° and R 3 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted aryl group, or an optionally substituted alkyl group
- R 4 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group
- R 5 and R 6 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group and an optionally substituted aryl group.
- R °, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 and R 6 represent a hydrogen atom; and R 4 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group, for example methyl.
- copolymer of the epoxide of formula I above the copolymers obtained by polymerization of said epoxide with a monomer of (meth) acrylate type are preferred.
- (meth) acrylate type monomer is understood in the context of the invention, an optionally substituted acrylate or methacrylate type monomer.
- (meth) acrylate monomers are the monomers of formula:
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 independently represent a hydrogen atom; an optionally substituted alkyl group; an optionally substituted aryl group; an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group; or a polysiloxyl group; and P represents an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group, or OP represents a polysiloxyl group.
- polysiloxyl group is understood to mean, according to the invention, a polyorganosiloxane chain attached by an oxygen atom to the skeleton of the compound of formula XI and in particular having at least two different units chosen from those of formula J 3 SiO ⁇ / 2 (unit M), J 2 SiO (D unit), JSiO 3/2 (T unit) and SiO 4/2 (Q unit).
- radicals J are optionally substituted aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals of alkyl type, linear or branched, d- C- 18 , or (C 6 -Ci8) aryl, it being understood that one or more of the radicals J in said chain polyorganosiloxane can also represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group.
- preferred type of polyorganosiloxane chains those derived from polyorganosiloxane of formula XII are preferred:
- m is an integer greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater than or equal to
- J 1 and J 2 are as defined above for J, it being understood that J 1 and / or J 2 may also represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group.
- J 1 and or J 2 represent (C ⁇ -C 6 ) alkyl, advantageously methyl.
- Another preferred subgroup of polymers of the invention consists of copolymers obtainable by polymerization of an optically active monomer having epoxide functions with a copolymerizable ethylenic monomer comprising two ethylenic double bonds each having a carbonyl, ester or amide group. double bond alpha.
- this other group of polymers there are more particularly those consisting of the following two types of recurring units A and B, of formula:
- the motif A carrying at least one optically active chiral center at the epoxide function; in which: - * indicates the location of a carbon of stereochemistry R or S well determined, it being understood that when R 3 represents a hydrogen atom the carbon carrying R 3 is not chiral;
- - n is an integer between 1 and 10, preferably chosen from 1, 2, 3 and 4;
- - X, Y 1 and Y 2 are independently chosen from -O-, -S- and -NT- where T represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group, said group being optionally substituted;
- - B represents a divalent radical chosen from alkylene; cycloalkylene; alkylene interrupted by one or more arylene and / or cycloalkylene groups; or arylene; each of the alkylene, cycloalkylene or arylene groups being optionally substituted;
- R °, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, a alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group, said group being optionally substituted;
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 independently represent optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted alkylcarbonyloxy or optionally substituted arylcarbonyloxy; it being understood that R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 11 and R 12 can also represent 1-alkenyl, and that R 7 , R 8 and R 9 can also represent a polysiloxyl group.
- 1-alkenyl is understood to mean an aliphatic hydrocarbon group comprising at least one double bond in position 1 and optionally one or more other double bonds conjugated to the first.
- 1-alkenyl is in CICI O -
- alkyl means a saturated linear or branched hydrocarbon radical such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl , hexyl, isohexyl, neohexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-methyl-1-ethylpropyl.
- the alkyl radical comprises 1 to 10 carbon atoms, better still 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- aryl is meant a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical.
- aryl radical is polycyclic, each of the monocyclic rings constituting it is an aromatic hydrocarbon radical.
- said monocyclic nuclei are either attached to each other by simple carbon-carbon bonds, either orthocondensed or pericondensed.
- the aryl radicals have from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, better still from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl or phenanthryl.
- cycloalkyl is meant, according to the invention, saturated, monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radicals.
- the cycloalkyl group is polycyclic, it consists of several saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic rings, attached to each other by simple carbon-carbon bonds or / and of monocyclic rings having two by two at least two carbon atoms in common.
- the cycloalkyl group is C 3 -Cn such as cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl and norbornyl.
- alkylene interrupted by one or more arylene and or cycloalkylene groups means that B can represent any one of the following sequences: • -alk -T ° -alk 2 -;
- T ° represents arylene or cycloalkylene
- alk ⁇ alk 2 independently represent alkylene of identical or different size.
- the substituents of the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkylene, alkylene or arylene radicals are any provided that they are inert under the radical polymerization conditions used for the preparation of said polymer.
- the substituents in question have no function capable of reacting with the constituents of the reaction medium, or capable of preventing the radical reactions involved in the preparation of the polymer of the invention.
- substituents to be banned are bromine and iodine atoms, and nitro groups when these atoms and groups are carried by sp 3 carbons.
- substituents derived from the compounds which can be used as free radical scavengers are to be avoided: examples are the substituents derived from hydroquinone, monotertiobutylhydroquinone, 2,5-ditertiobutylhydroquinone, paratertiobutylcatechol, parabenzoquinone or ditertiobutylparacresol.
- substituents examples include chlorine and fluorine atoms; alkyl radicals; perfluoroalkyl (and for example trifluoromethyl); aryl; perfluoroaryl; cycloalkyl; perfluorocycloalkyl; alkoxy; aryloxy; cycloalkyloxy; oxo; cyano; amino disubstituted by alkyl, aryl and / or cycloalkyl; -CONR a R b in which R a and R are independently chosen from H, alkyl, aryl and cycloalkyl, it being understood that R a and R b do not both represent a hydrogen atom; and -COOR c where R c is as defined above for R a .
- substituents are hydroxy groups and polyoxyalkylenated chains of the type of polyoxyethylenated chains having a degree of polymerization from 2 to 20.
- the bromine atoms can also be chosen as substituents provided that they are carried by sp carbon atoms 2 .
- T or one of R ° to R 12 represents substituted alkyl
- this can represent linear C 1 -C 10 alkyl (preferably linear C 1 -C 5 alkyl, for example methyl) substituted in position ⁇ by a radical chosen from perfluoroalkyl (in particular (C- ⁇ -C ⁇ o) perfluoroalkyle); perfluoroaryl (especially (C 6 -Ci 8 ) p ⁇ rfluoroaryl); perfluorocycloalkyle (in particular C 3 -
- B represents substituted alkylene
- this can represent linear C 1 -C 10 alkylene substituted by one or more fluorine atoms and, for example, perfluorinated alkylene.
- Preferred meanings of X, Y 1 and Y 2 are an oxygen atom.
- B represents optionally substituted alkylene, preferably ethylene.
- R ° and R 3 independently represent preferably a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionally substituted alkyl group;
- R 4 preferably represents optionally substituted alkyl or an optionally substituted aryl group;
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group;
- R 5 and R 6 are preferably independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group and an optionally substituted aryl group.
- R 9 and R 10 are independently chosen from optionally substituted alkyl and an optionally substituted aryl group and that R 7 , R 8 , R 11 and R 12 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group optionally substituted or an optionally substituted aryl group.
- R °, R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 11 and R 12 represent a hydrogen atom; and R 4 , R 9 and R 10 represent a methyl group; and R 3 represents H, methyl or phenyl.
- the optically active polymer is prepared from an ethylenic monomer having a function epoxide comprising a carbonyl, ester, amide or ether function in alpha of the ethylenic double bond and of a copolymerizable monomer comprising at least two ethylenic double bonds.
- each ethylenic double bond of the copolymerizable monomer is grafted to an alkylene or arylene group.
- polymers of the invention which consists of polymers composed of the following two recurring units A and C of formulas:
- the motif A carrying at least one optically active chiral center at the epoxide function; in which :
- - n is an integer between 1 and 10, preferably chosen from 1, 2, 3 and 4;
- - X is chosen from -O-, -S- and -NT- where T represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group, said group being optionally substituted;
- - E is chosen from alkylene optionally substituted and optionally interrupted by one or more divalent groups - Si (A) (B) - where A and B are independently chosen from optionally substituted alkyl or aryl optionally substituted; the divalent group of formula -Ch 1 -Ar ° -Ch 2 - where Ch ⁇ Ch 2 independently represent a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or -NT-, T being as defined above, and , Ar ° represents optionally substituted arylene; a relationship ; an oxygen atom; the divalent group -NT- in which T represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group; or a chain -Ar 1 -X 1 -alk-X 2 -Ar 2 - where Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently chosen from optionally substituted arylene, alk represents optionally substituted alkylene and X 1 , X 2 independently represent O or -NT ° -,
- R °, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, a alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group, said group being optionally substituted;
- R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , and R 18 may also represent optionally substituted alkoxy; optionally substituted aryloxy; optionally substituted alkylcarbonyloxy; optionally substituted arylcarbonyloxy; or a polysiloxyl group; it being understood that R 5 , R 6 , R 13 , R 14 , R 17 and R 18 may also represent 1 - alkenyl, and R 13 , R 14 and R 15 may also represent a polysiloxyl group.
- the substituents of the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylene and arylene groups are as defined above.
- alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylene and arylene radicals are as defined above.
- Polysiloxyl is also as defined above.
- E represents optionally substituted alkylene, it represents - (CH 2 ) n '- where n' is an integer between 1 and 10, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
- E alkylene interrupted by -Si (A) (B) -, it represents the group (CH 2 ) ni -Si (A) (B) - (CH2) n2- where ni and n 2 are independently an integer of 0 to 10, preferably 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and A, B are as defined above;
- n 1 is as defined above; more particularly in this radical it is preferred that the phenyl groups are distributed in the para position.
- alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylene, alkenyl and polysiloxyl are as defined above for the recurring units A and B.
- X represents an oxygen atom
- R ° and R 3 independently represent a hydrogen atom; an optionally substituted aryl group; an optionally substituted alkyl group;
- R 4 represents optionally substituted alkyl or an optionally substituted aryl group
- R 1 and R 2 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group; or an optionally substituted aryl group
- R 5 and R 6 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group and an optionally substituted aryl group.
- the invention further relates to a process for preparing the optically active polymer of the invention.
- This process comprises the radical or anionic polymerization of an optically active monomer with an epoxy function carrying at least one chiral center, where appropriate in the presence of one or more other copolymerizable ethylenic monomers, this polymerization being carried out in the presence of 'a radical or anionic initiator.
- the polymerization of the monomers is carried out by the radical route, the polymerization is initiated by thermoactivation of an appropriate initiator, preferably of the azo or peroxide type.
- azo type initiator mention may be made of 1, 1'-azobis (isobutyronitrile) or azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN); 1, 1'-azobis (secpentylnitrile); 1, 1'-azobis (cyclohexanecarbonitrile); or phenylazotriphenylmethane.
- radical polymerization initiators which can be used in the context of the invention are benzopinacole (1, 1, 2,2-tetraphenyl-1, 2-ethanediol), 1, 1, 2,2-tetraphenyl-1, 2 -dicyanoethane, 1, 1, 2,2-tetraphenyl-1,2-diphenoxyethane and 1, 1, 2,2-tetraphenyl-1, 2-bis (trimethylsilyloxy) ethane.
- the initiator is the AIBN.
- initiators of the peroxide type include benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, sec-butyl peroxide, n-butyl peroxide, acetylene peroxide, lauryl peroxide, vinyl peroxide, tert-butyl peracetate, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl perbenzoate, 1, 1-bis peroxide ( tert-butyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane.
- benzoyl peroxide is in particular illustrated in M. TANG, Process Biochemistry, vol. 34, 1999, 857.
- any of the following initiators can be used:
- Ri and R 2 are chosen from H and CH 3 .
- benzoyl peroxide is preferred.
- the radical polymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature sufficient to initiate the radical polymerization or at a higher temperature. This temperature depends in particular on the type of initiator used. Generally, a temperature between 50 and 150 ° C, better still between 60 and 110 ° C, in particular between 50 and 100 ° C, for example between 70 and 90 ° C.
- the polymerization is carried out anionically in the presence a stabilizer for the active center of the polymerization chosen from alkali metal tert-alcoholates; alkali metal halides; alkyd polydentate alcoholates; and aluminum alkyls.
- the alkali metal tert-alcoholates are the alcoholates derived from the corresponding aliphatic alcohols in which the hydroxy function is attached to a tertiary alkyl radical: examples are lithium tert-butoxide; sodium tert-butoxide; potassium tert-butoxide; and 3-methyl-
- lithium chloride may be mentioned.
- Polydentate alkali metal alcoholates are alcoholates having one or more electronegative atoms chosen from O, S and N, and more particularly chosen from O and N.
- Examples are in particular lithium 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethylate; or any of the compounds of formula:
- alkyl, alkoxy or aryl radicals are as defined above.
- alkyl aluminum examples include triethyl aluminum, and the compounds of formula:
- E 4 represents H or CH 3 .
- the stabilizer is chosen from lithium chloride; lithium tert-butoxide; and lithium 3-methyl-3-pentylate, the more particularly preferred stabilizer being lithium chloride.
- the anionic polymerization is carried out by additionally incorporating into the reaction medium a polymerization initiator chosen from alkyllithium; alkali metal ester enolates; and primary and secondary alkali metal alcoholates.
- Alkyl lithium denotes saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by lithium atoms.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon is meant more particularly a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon with a straight or branched chain optionally substituted by one or more radicals chosen from alkoxy or aryl itself optionally substituted by alkyl or alkoxy.
- alkyllithium examples include the monolithium alkyllithium chosen from n-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, 1, 1-diphenylhexyllithium, diphenylmethyllithium, 1, 1-diphenyl-3-methylpentyllithium and ⁇ -lithio- - methylstyrene.
- alkyllithium examples include dilithiated alkyllithium such as 1, 1, 4,4-tetraphenyl-1, 4-dilithiobutane or 1, 3-bis (2-lithio-2-isopropyl) benzene.
- the alkali metal ester enolates are ester enolates derived from alkylcarboxylic acids and lower alkanols.
- Said alkylcarboxylic acids have a linear or branched alkyl radical as defined above carrying one or more carboxy groups: this alkyl radical is also optionally substituted by one or more aryl radicals themselves optionally substituted by alkyl or alkoxy.
- Said lower alkanols correspond to the formula G-OH where G represents a linear or branched alkyl group as defined above and is optionally substituted by one or more aryl radicals themselves optionally substituted by alkyl or alkoxy.
- Examples of enolates of alkali metal esters are tert-butyl 2-lithioisobutyrate, methyl 2-lithioisobutyrate or its sodium equivalent, ethyl 2-lithioisobutyrate or its potassium equivalent, 2-lithio-2 , Dimethyl 2,4-trimethylglutarate, ditertbutyl 2-lithio-2,2,4-trimethyl-glutarate; isopropyl 2-lithio-isobutyrate and tert-butyl 2-sodio-propionate.
- the primary and secondary alkali metal alcoholates are the alcoholates derived from the corresponding aliphatic alcohols in which the hydroxy function is attached to a secondary or primary alkyl radical.
- Preferred examples are lithium methylate, lithium ethylate and lithium propylate.
- the initiator is chosen from sec-butyl lithium, diphenylmethyllithium and 1, 1, 4,4-tetraphenyl-1, 4-dilithiobutane.
- a monomer of formula I as defined above is polymerized:
- said monomer of formula I is copolymerized with a monomer of formula XI:
- the process of the invention comprises the reaction of an optically active monomer with an epoxide function of formula I, in which:
- - n is an integer between 1 and 10, preferably chosen from 1, 2, 3 and 4;
- - X represents -O-, -S- or -NT- where T represents a hydrogen atom; an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group, said group being optionally substituted;
- R °, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom; an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group, said group being optionally substituted; it being understood that R 5 and R 6 may also represent 1-alkenyl; with a copolymerizable monomer of formula II:
- Y 1 , Y 2 represents -O-, -S- or -NT- where T represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group, said group being optionally substituted;
- - B represents alkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene or alkylene interrupted by one or more arylene and / or cycloalkylene; each alkylene, cycloalkylene or arylene being optionally substituted;
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy or arylcarbonyloxy group, said group being optionally substituted; it being understood that R 7 , R 8 , R 11 and R 12 can also represent 1-alkenyl, and R 7 , R 8 and R 9 can also represent a polysiloxyl group.
- X represents O; Y 1 , Y 2 both represent an oxygen atom and B represents an optionally substituted alkylene, or an optionally substituted arylene group.
- R ° and R 3 represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted alkyl group
- R 4 represents optionally substituted alkyl or an optionally substituted aryl group
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group
- R 5 and R 6 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group and an optionally substituted aryl group.
- R 9 and R 10 are independently chosen from optionally substituted alkyl and an optionally substituted aryl group and R 7 , R 8 , R 11 and R 12 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a optionally substituted alkyl group or optionally substituted aryl group.
- R °, R 1 , R 2 , R 5 and R 6 represent a hydrogen atom;
- R 4 represents optionally substituted alkyl and, in formula II, R 7 , R 8 , R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen atoms and R 9 and R 10 represent a methyl group;
- R 3 represents H, a methyl group or a phenyl group.
- - E is chosen from alkylene optionally substituted and optionally interrupted by one or more divalent groups -Si (A) (B) - where A and B are independently chosen from optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl; the divalent group of formula -Ch 1 -Ar ° -Ch 2 - where Ch 1 , Ch 2 independently represent a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or -NT-, T being as defined above; and, Ar ° represents optionally substituted arylene; a relationship ; an oxygen atom; the divalent group -NT- in which T represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group; or a chain -Ar 1 -X 1 -alk-X 2 -Ar 2 - where Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently chosen from optionally substituted arylene, alk represents optionally substituted alkylene and X 1 , X 2 independently represent O or -NT °
- R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy or arylcarbonyloxy group, said group being optionally substituted; it being understood that R 13 , R 14 , R 17 and R 18 may also represent 1-alkenyl, and R 13 , R 14 , R 15 may also represent a polysiloxyl group.
- the monomers I and or III meet one or more of the following conditions iv) and vi):
- R ° and R 3 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted aryl group, an alkyl group optionally substituted
- R 4 represents optionally substituted alkyl or an optionally substituted aryl group
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent an atom hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl group
- R 5 and R 6 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group and an optionally substituted aryl group.
- R 15 and R 16 are independently chosen from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl and a hydrogen atom; and R 13 , R 14 , R 17 and R 18 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group.
- R °, R 1 , R 2 , R 5 and R 6 represent a hydrogen atom;
- R 4 represents optionally substituted alkyl and R 3 represents H or phenyl, and, in formula III, R 13 , R 14 , R 17 and R 18 are hydrogen atoms;
- R 15 and R 16 represent a methyl group, a phenyl group or a hydrogen atom.
- X represents an oxygen atom.
- the compound of formula I is glycidyl methacrylate and the compound of formula III is a divinylbenzene, for example 1,4-divinylbenzene.
- Examples of preferred monomers III are:
- the radical polymerization reaction is advantageously carried out in a two-phase medium comprising water and a polar organic solvent to which a very hydrophilic polar compound is added, the role of which is to form stable dispersive systems of suspension or emulsion type.
- this compound will be chosen from protective colloids such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohols and their ethers, polyethylene glycols and their ethers, polyvinylacetates, polyvinylacetamides, gelatin, methyl cellulose, polymethacrylamides, salts of polymethacrylic acid or the acid itself or phosphates of alkaline earth metals.
- this compound will be chosen from a polymer resulting from the polymerization of one of the following ethylenically double-bonded monomers:
- R x and R y independently represent hydrocarbyl, it being understood that at least one of R x or R y is a fatty hydrocarbyl, having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms.
- R z is as defined above for R x and has from 8 to 24 carbon atoms; preferably R z represents C10H23;
- polyvinylpyrrolidone will be chosen to form a dispersive system suitable for suspension polymerization.
- the polar organic solvent associated with water can be chosen from optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated or non-halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, amides, esters, pyridine, propylene carbonate, cyclic ethers or C 4 -C 5 cycloalkanols or CrC-is alkanols, without excluding the possibility of using mixtures solvents.
- the aromatic hydrocarbons are optionally substituted and can be chosen from benzene; xylenes; toluene; ethylbenzene; fluoro-, chloro and bromobenzene; cumene; anisole; benzonitrile; and N, N-dimethylaniline.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon there may be mentioned hexane, heptane, ligroin or petroleum ether.
- Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons which can be used as solvent are in particular methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and dichloroethane, more preferably carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane.
- Ketones suitable as solvent are in particular acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, isophorone or cyclohexanone.
- amides which can be used as solvent are, for example, formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, hexamethylphosphorylamide or N-methylpropionamide, the latter being more particularly preferred.
- ester use will be made, for example, of methyl acetate or better still butyl acetate.
- cyclic ethers that can be envisaged are in particular tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, dioxane being preferred.
- Alkanols C 1 -C1 8 preferred are for example methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol and t-butanol.
- cycloalkanol cyclohexanol is preferred.
- the liquefied or supercritical CO 2 can be substituted for the association of the polar organic solvent and water.
- suitable operating conditions are a pressure of 5 to 40 MPa, preferably from 10 to 35 MPa and a temperature between 30 and 110 ° C.
- the invention is not limited to these embodiments and also includes the processes in which the radical polymerization is carried out without solvent or in a single-phase medium.
- the solvent is chosen from optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated or non-halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, amides, pyridine, propylene carbonate, cyclic ethers, C 4 -C 8 cycloalkanols or C- ⁇ -C ⁇ 8 alkanols, without excluding the possibility of using solvent mixtures.
- Radical polymerization in suspension in a two-phase water / organic solvent medium is particularly favorable if it is desired to obtain a polymer in the form of porous beads, which is particularly advantageous in the case of certain applications such as synthesis on a solid phase, immobilization of enzyme and chiral chromatography.
- the size will for example depend on the quantity and the nature of the additive used.
- Cycloalkyl alcohol is generally an alcohol capable of dissolving the polymer, such as cyclohexanol.
- the alcohol in C ⁇ -C ⁇ 8 is especially chosen from dodecanol, lauryl alcohol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, octanol, decanol, tetradecanol or hexadecanol.
- the CiC-is alcohol is dodecanol or lauryl alcohol.
- a mixture of cyclohexanol and dodecanol or a mixture of cyclohexanol and lauryl alcohol will be used.
- the anionic polymerization is generally carried out in a single-phase organic solvent chosen from aliphatic, cyclic, saturated or aromatic hydrocarbons; ethers, pyridine and mixtures thereof.
- the hydrocarbons are hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene or xylenes.
- heptane cyclohexane or toluene
- the ethers which can be used as solvents are, for example, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran being preferred.
- Particularly suitable mixtures of these solvents are the toluene / tetrahydrofuran mixture and the cyclohexane / diethyl ether mixture.
- the anionic polymerization temperature is generally between -100 ° C and 0 ° C, preferably between -60 ° C and -30 ° C, better still between -50 ° C and -35 ° C.
- optically active compounds of formula I can be prepared from the corresponding racemic mixtures either by chemical resolution, or by enzymatic resolution, or by chiral chromatography.
- the reaction is carried out in an aqueous medium with control of the pH of the reaction medium.
- This publication illustrates in particular the stereoselective hydrolysis of the epoxide function of the ester of formula I.
- the stereoselectivite results from the incorporation into the reaction medium of a catalyst, a metal complex of cobalt, which catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction of only one of the enantiomers of the racemic mixture of the ester of formula I.
- the catalyst (Cat.) Exemplified in this publication has the formula:
- Another variant consists in diastereoselectively synthesizing the optically active epoxide of formula I.
- R 4 to R 6 are as defined above for formula I, or an activated form thereof, under mild conditions of esterification and preferably in basic or neutral medium.
- a condensing agent such as for example a carbodiimide
- an activating agent such as for example, hydroxybenzotriazole or hydroxysuccinimide
- dialkyl- or dicycloalkyl-O-ureides are examples of condensing agents.
- Representative condensing agents are dicyclohexyl- and diisopropylcarbodiimides and carbodiimides soluble in an aqueous medium.
- the activated derivatives of acids of formula IX have for example the formula -CO-T where T is an activating group.
- Preferred activating groups are well known in the art, such as, for example, halogen (chlorine or bromine), azide, imidazolide, p-nitrophenoxy, 1-benzotriazole, ON-succinimide, acyloxy and, more particularly, pivaloyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy such as, for example, C 2 H 5 OCO-O-, dialkyl- or dicycloalkyl-O-ureide.
- a series of suitable methods for the preparation of activated derivatives of carboxylic acid is proposed by J. March in Advanced Organic Chemistry, ed. John Wiley & Sons.
- optically pure compounds of formula VIII can be obtained by asymmetric epoxidation of the corresponding allyl alcohols of formula X:
- n, R ° to R 3 are as defined above for formula VIII, it being understood that X represents either the E isomer or the Z isomer.
- the conditions of this asymmetric epoxidation reaction are in particular described by Y-Gao, RM Hanson, JM Klunder and co., In J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5765-5780. They involve the cold action of tert-butylhydroperoxide and the presence of Ti (O-iPr) 4 where iPr represents isopropyl as well as the presence of (+) - or (-) - diethyl tartrate or (+) - or (-) - diisopropyl tartrate.
- the reaction can be carried out in a polar aprotic solvent such as a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon (and for example dichloromethane) at a temperature of -50 to 0 ° C, preferably from -30 to -10 ° C.
- a polar aprotic solvent such as a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon (and for example dichloromethane)
- a temperature of -50 to 0 ° C preferably from -30 to -10 ° C.
- the amount of epoxide functions incorporated into the polymer is easily determined by a person skilled in the art by dosing with periodic acid.
- the polymer of the invention is treated in an acid medium so as to cause the opening of the epoxide functions into diol-1, 2 functions. Then, the resulting polymer is reacted with an excess of periodic acid. This treatment leads to the transformation of the diol-1,2 functions into aldehyde functions according to the scheme:
- HIO 3 + H 2 O where (P) and (P ⁇ ) represent fractions of said polymer.
- HIO 3 and HIO 4 are then reduced by K1 according to the reactions: HIO3 + 5KI + 2H 2 O ⁇ 3I 2 + 5KOH HIO4 + 7KI + 3H 2 O - »4I 2 + 7KOH.
- the invention further relates to the optically active polymer obtainable by regiospecific stereoselective reaction of a nucleophilic agent on the polymer of the invention with epoxide functions as defined above, whereby the partial regiospecific stereoselective opening is caused or total of the epoxy functions of said reactive polymer.
- the optically active polymer resulting from the attack of a nucleophilic agent is designated "modified polymer" in the following.
- nucleophilic agent causes the opening of all of the epoxy functions.
- Suitable nucleophilic agents are those comprising as nucleophilic site a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom or a selenium atom.
- the nucleophilic agent and the operating conditions are more precisely chosen so as to cause the opening of the epoxy functions with conservation of the chirality of at least one asymmetric center. In this way, the resulting modified polymer is also optically active. Conditions more particularly suitable for this purpose are in particular a basic or neutral medium.
- the opening reaction of epoxides by the action of a nucleophile is more precisely described in the following works and publications:
- the nucleophilic agent can be an amine (and in particular a diamine) or a hydroxyamine.
- a primary or secondary aliphatic amine, a (hetero) aromatic amine or a cyclic amine may be used.
- an aliphatic, aromatic and / or cyclic amine may be used, that is to say an amine having an aliphatic part and / and / or a (hetero) aromatic and / or cyclic part.
- the nucleophilic amine has the formula HNR d R e where R d and R e are independently chosen from an optionally substituted saturated, linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chain; an optionally substituted saturated carbocyclic group; an (hetero) aromatic group, optionally substituted; a hydrogen atom; and a radical comprising a saturated hydrocarbon aliphatic chain, linear or branched, and a carbocyclic part, saturated and / or (hetero) aromatic, said radical being optionally substituted.
- saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain is meant a linear or branched alkyl group as defined above or, when it is a radical comprising an aliphatic chain, the corresponding linear or branched saturated alkylene group.
- saturated carbocycle is meant a cycloalkyl radical as defined above.
- carbocyclic part is meant the corresponding cycloalkylene radical.
- (hetero) aromatic is meant an aromatic carbocyclic radical or a heteroaryl radical.
- heteroaryl a mono- or polycyclic aromatic heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms chosen from O, N and S.
- heteroaryl is polycyclic, then it is composed of monocyclic rings which are either aromatic heterocyclic or aromatic carbocyclic such as defined above since at least one of said monocyclic rings constituting it is aromatic heterocyclic.
- the monocyclic nuclei constituting the heteroaryl are attached two by two by a simple carbon-carbon bond and / or condensed to each other.
- the heteroaryl is composed of one or more 5- to 7-membered, preferably 5 to 6-membered, monocyclic rings.
- the heteroaryl is preferably chosen from furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzo-benzoluryl, benzolurol, benzol , cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl and pteridinyl.
- the aliphatic chains and the carbocycles described above are optionally substituted.
- the substituents carried by these radicals are chosen so as not to react with the epoxy functions of the polymer and more generally with the reactants present under the reaction conditions.
- Suitable substituents are the alkoxy substituents; alkyl; aryl; heteroaryl; aryloxy; cycloalkyl; cycloalkyloxy; cyano; nitro; halogen; oxo; amino disubstituted by alkyl, aryl and or cycloalkyl; -CONR a R b in which R a and R b are independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl and cycloalkyl; -COOR f where R f is as defined for R a .
- each of the radicals R d and R e of the nucleophilic amine can carry one or more other optionally substituted amino and / or hydroxy functions.
- nucleophilic amines are secondary heterocyclic amines in which the nucleophilic site -NH- is endocyclic.
- Said heterocyclic amine is either monocyclic or polycyclic and optionally comprises, in addition to said function -NH-, one or more other heteroatoms such as O, N and S.
- the heterocyclic amine is saturated or unsaturated. In the latter case, it may include one or more ethylenic unsaturations.
- Heterocyclic amines consist of one or more monocyclic nuclei, said monocyclic nuclei each preferably having from 5 to 7 links and being either linked to each other by simple carbon-carbon bonds, or condensed two by two.
- amines are aliphatic amines, aliphatic diamines, arylalkylamines, aminopyridines, aminoalkylpyridines, aminoquinolines, aminoalkylquinolines, heterocyclic amines in which the nucleophilic site is -NH- such as mono heterocyclic amines - and bicyclic comprising as sole heteroatoms 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms.
- a particular example of a heterocyclic amine is as follows:
- a process consists in reacting the polymer with epoxy functions with 1 to 5 equivalents of the amine nucleophile, preferably 2 to 4 equivalents, the equivalents being expressed relative to the number of moles of epoxide functions present in the polymer.
- the reaction temperature depends on the strength of the nucleophilic agent.
- reaction medium it is preferable to heat the reaction medium to a temperature between 50 and 150 ° C, preferably between 80 and 120 ° C.
- the resulting modified polymer carries ⁇ -hydroxyamine functions:
- the nucleophilic agent generally attacks the epoxy functions of the polymer of the invention on the least congested side, that is to say on the side most distant from the polymer backbone.
- the conditions of the nucleophilic attack are determined by a person skilled in the art with a view to obtaining the opening of each of the epoxy functions with retention of the configuration at at least one of the asymmetric centers of said epoxy function.
- nucleophilic agent is chosen according to the application envisaged.
- suitable nucleophiles are described in Synthesis, 1984, 9, 629-656; J. Org. Chem. 40, 1975, 375-377; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 1636; and Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1978, 17, 487-496. Among these, we will notably mention:
- nucleophiles such as water, alcohols and in particular alkanols in CIC-IO, aromatic alcohols in C ⁇ -Cis and arylalkyl alcohols where the alkyl part is in CIC-IO and the aryl part is C 6 -C ⁇ s);
- thiol nucleophiles such as mercaptans including thiols of formula -SH ° M wherein M 0 is for example a C1-C 10, an aryl group having 6 -C ⁇ 8; or a group (C 6 -Ci 8 ) aryl- (CrC ⁇ o) alkyl;
- Nucleophilic agents with -SeH function such as selenomercaptans and in particular selenols of formula M ° -SeH where M ° is as defined above;
- M 4 -Se-SiM 1 M 2 M 3 where M 4 , M 1 , M 2 and M 3 represent optionally substituted hydrocarbon radicals and are in particular as defined for M 0 above;
- M ' represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical and is for example as defined above for M 0 , the nucleophilic attack being used in this case in the presence of copper salts;
- nucleophilic agents are amines, guanidines, morpholines, and hydroxylamines.
- the modified polymer of the invention is optically active. It is particularly useful as a stationary phase in chiral chromatography, whether in preparative chromatography or in analytical chromatography.
- the nature of the nucleophilic agent is not critical. However, it is preferred that the nucleophilic agent is an aliphatic or aromatic amine.
- Said polymer has modular physical properties, which makes it possible to improve the performance of the polymer material and in particular the separation efficiency. The modulation of the properties of the modified polymer is carried out during the synthesis of the polymer with epoxy functions as taught previously.
- the invention therefore relates to the use of a modified polymer resulting from the attack of a nucleophilic agent on the polymer with epoxy functions of the invention, as described above, as a polymer matrix usable in chiral chromatography.
- the invention therefore relates, according to another of its aspects, to a polymeric material usable as a stationary phase in chiral chromatography which can be obtained by grafting reaction of the modified polymer of the invention on a conventional support used in chromatography, chiral or non-chiral, such as silica or alumina.
- Said modified polymer is also suitable for use:
- the modified polymers of the invention are more particularly useful in the catalysis of reactions for reducing carbonyl functions, activated or not, or of reactions involving the formation of C-C bonds.
- the modified polymers of the invention are used as iigands for the preparation of metal complexes intended for asymmetric catalysis.
- the coordinating metal is a transition metal chosen from rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, nickel, cobalt, palladium and platinum.
- the resulting modified polymer has ⁇ -hydroxy-amine functions and can be used directly as a ligand for the preparation of metal complexes.
- This polymer will be designated polyamino alcohol in the following.
- the modified polymer can be chemically transformed again before the preparation of the metal complex.
- the modified polymers of the invention can also be used as they are or after further chemical transformation as an asymmetric inducer in reactions for reducing carbonyl groups and / or in reactions involving the formation of CC bonds. As an example, we could draw inspiration from the work described in Tetrahedron
- the modified polymers of the invention can be used as ruthenium (II) ligands for the preparation of complexes which can be used in the asymmetric hydrogenation of ⁇ -ketoesters or ⁇ -ketoesters.
- II ruthenium
- Another possibility consists in transforming the ⁇ -hydroxyamine functions of the modified polymers into oxazaborolidine or phosphoramidate functions of the formula:
- the polymers modified with oxazaborolidine or phosphoramidate functions can be used as such as catalysts in the asymmetric reduction of various ketones such as aliphatic and / or aromatic ketones, the aliphatic ketones being saturated or unsaturated (the unsaturations being ethylenic or acetylenic). This will be done for example for the reduction of aliphatic ketone or benzophenones to corresponding secondary alcohols.
- ⁇ -ketoester or ⁇ -ketoesters can be carried out in accordance with the work of Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 935 in the presence of a modified Pt Al 2 ⁇ 3 catalyst.
- a PI / AI 2 O 3 catalyst will be used for this reaction comprising, as ligand, a modified polymer of the invention, with ⁇ -hydroxylamine functions (polyaminoalcohol).
- modified polymers of the invention with ⁇ -hydroxylamine functions can also be used as ligands of ruthenium II complexes to catalyze the asymmetric reduction of aromatic ketones, cyclic and / or aliphatic by hydride transfer. This type of reaction is illustrated in particular in:
- modified polymers of the invention with ⁇ -hydroxylamine functions can also be used as an asymmetric inducer in the addition of dialkyl- or diarylzinc on aldehydes.
- polyamino alcohols polyamino alcohols
- modified polymers of the invention with ⁇ -hydroxylamine functions can be used as asymmetric inducer in the addition reactions of dialkylzinc or of diarylzinc on ketones (cf. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12157).
- a person skilled in the art can draw inspiration from the work of Pericas et al. described in J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 6309, as well as to the following publications:
- polymers modified with ⁇ -hydroxylamine functions used for one of the applications in the asymmetric catalysis described above result more specifically from the attack on the epoxy functions of a polymer according to the invention by a nucleophilic agent.
- a nucleophilic agent chosen from a arylalkylamine (especially benzylamine); an (arylalkyl) (alkyl) amine, especially (benzyl) (methyl) amine; and a heterocyclic amine of formula:
- the complexes comprising a modified polymer of the invention and a transition metal can be prepared according to the known methods described in the literature.
- the complexes of the invention can be prepared by reacting the modified polymer of the invention with a precursor based on the desired transition metal, in an appropriate organic solvent.
- the reaction is carried out at a temperature between room temperature (15 to 25 ° C) and the reflux temperature of the reaction solvent.
- organic solvents there may be mentioned, inter alia, aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated or not, and more particularly hexane, heptane, isooctane, decane, benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform; solvents of ether or ketone type and in particular diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone; alcohol type solvents, preferably methanol, ethanol or isopropanol; and amide solvents such as formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone or hexamethylphosphorylamide, dimethylformamide being the preferred amide.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons halogenated or not, and more particularly hexane, heptane, isooctane, decane, benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform
- the catalytic complexes based on rhodium, iridium and ruthenium are for example obtained from a precursor prepared in situ or preformed by the addition of 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 2 equivalents of the modified polymer of the invention ( designated polymer P below).
- the precursors can be salts of formula MX 3 in which X can represent a halide or a nitrate and M represents Rh, Ir or Ru respectively.
- the precursor used for the synthesis of catalytic complexes is a complex designated precursor complex in the following.
- Me represents iridium or rhodium
- L represents a ligand of type ⁇ , in particular CO, ethylene or a monoolefin, or else L 2 represents a bidental ligand of type ⁇ such as an acyclic diene for example hexadiene or cyclic for example cyclooctadiene or norbornadiene
- X ° represents a bridging ligand such as for example a halo (Cl, Br, I), a thiolato, an alcoholato, a hydroxy.
- precursor complexes in the case of rhodium the Cramer complex, [Rh (cod) CI] 2 , [Rh (nbd) CI] 2 , [Rh (CO) 2 CI] 2 , Rh (C 2 H 4 ) 2 (acac), Rh (CO) 2 (acac), [lr (cod) CI] 2 , [lr (nbd) CI] 2 , lr (C 2 H 4 ) 2 (acac) and lr ( CO) 2 (acac), where cod represents cyclooctadiene; nbd represents norbornadiene; and acac represents acetylacetonate.
- Other precursor complexes in the case of rhodium and iridium have the formula:
- Me represents iridium or rhodium
- L represents a ligand of type ⁇ , in particular ethylene, a monoolefin or CO
- L 2 represents a bident ligand of type ⁇ such as a diolefin
- X 1 represents a non-coordinating anion of the PF ⁇ “ , PCI ⁇ “ , BF 4 “ , BCI 4 “ , SbF ⁇ “ , SbCl ⁇ “ , BPh 4 " , CIO4 " type ,
- L represents a ligand of type ⁇ , in particular CO, ethylene or a monoolefin; or L 2 represents a bident ligand of type ⁇ and for example an acyclic diene such as hexadiene or a cyclic diene such as cyclooctadiene or norbornadiene;
- X 2 represents a bridging ligand such as for example a halo (Cl, Br, I), a thiolato, an alcoholato, a hydroxy.
- L represents a ligand of type ⁇ , in particular CO, ethylene or a monoolefin, or else L 2 represents a bidental ligand of type ⁇ and for example an acyclic diene such as hexadiene or a cyclic diene such as cyclooctadiene and norbornadiene; or L 3 represents a trident ligand of type ⁇ such as an arene functionalized or not; X 3 represents a bridging ligand such as for example a halo (Cl, Br, I), a thiolato, an alcoholato, a hydroxy.
- Examples of such precursor complexes are Ru (C 1 ⁇ H 19 ⁇ 2 ) 2 (C 8 H ⁇ 2 ) and [Ru (benzene) CI 2 ] 2 .
- the complexes of ruthenium II with a modified polymer according to the invention, with ⁇ -hydroxylamine functions are more particularly suitable for the asymmetric catalysis of reduction reactions of carbonylated functions by hydride transfer.
- the invention relates to the metal complex of a transition metal comprising, as a ligand, a polymer of the invention or a modified polymer obtained by the action of a nucleophilic agent on a polymer of the invention, whereby the epoxy functions are opened.
- the transition metal in this complex is ruthenium, iridium or rhodium, preferably ruthenium.
- ketones which can be selected as substrate for reduction reactions by hydride transfer more preferably correspond to formula C:
- R 1 and R j represent a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms optionally comprising one or more functional groups
- - R 'and R J may form a ring optionally comprising another heteroatom, - Z is or comprises a heteroatom, oxygen or nitrogen or a functional group comprising at least one of these heteroatoms.
- a first preferred group of such ketone substrates has the formula D:
- R - R ' is different from R j , the radicals R' and R j representing a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally substituted, and optionally comprising another ketone and or acid function, ester, thioacid, thioester;
- R - R 'and R j can form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, substituted or not, having 5 to 6 atoms.
- substrate ketones are acetophenone, (phenyl) (trifluoromethyl) ketone, ⁇ -keto esters and ⁇ -keto esters.
- ketones by hydride transfer is carried out in a conventional manner using the metal complexes of the invention described above as catalyst.
- the reduction is carried out in basic medium, for example in the presence of an organic base such as an alkali metal alkoxide and more particularly BuOK or an inorganic base such as NaOH, KOH, NaHCO 3, Na 2 CO 3, KHCO 3 and K 2 CO 3 .
- an organic base such as an alkali metal alkoxide and more particularly BuOK
- an inorganic base such as NaOH, KOH, NaHCO 3, Na 2 CO 3, KHCO 3 and K 2 CO 3 .
- the reduction is carried out in the presence of a hydrophilic polar organic solvent such as an aliphatic alcohol lower in CrC 10 (for example methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, t-butanol) , a cycloalkanol (such as cyclohexanol), or methylcellosolve.
- a hydrophilic polar organic solvent such as an aliphatic alcohol lower in CrC 10 (for example methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, t-butanol) , a cycloalkanol (such as cyclohexanol), or methylcellosolve.
- the reaction temperature is generally maintained between room temperature (15-30 ° C) and the reflux temperature of the solvent, generally up to 150 ° C.
- the invention therefore more generally relates to the use of a modified polymer as a ligand optionally after transformation into oxazaborolidine or phosphoramidate in the preparation of transition metal complexes or as a chiral inducer, in stereoselective catalysis.
- Said complexes are more particularly suitable for catalyzing the stereoselective reduction of carbonyl and imine functions or for catalyzing reactions involving the formation of C-C bond.
- the polymers with epoxy functions of the invention can also be used as polymeric material for the immobilization of enzymes.
- the immobilization of enzymes on solid supports provides practical advantages for the implementation of biocatalytic processes. Among these advantages, the ease of separation of the reaction medium is a major advantage allowing the recycling of the material.
- the reactivity of the polymers of the invention with an epoxide function allows easy grafting of the enzyme to the polymer backbone via the hydroxyl, thiol and / or amino functions of the enzyme.
- the invention therefore also relates to the use of a polymer with epoxy functions or of a modified polymer according to the invention as polymer material for the immobilization of enzymes.
- the invention relates to the use of a modified polymer of the invention as defined above as polymer support in synthesis on solid phase.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone 1.5 g are dissolved at 80 ° C in 100 ml of deionized water, then the volume of the mixture is made up to 150 ml with deionized water.
- 204 mg of azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) are dissolved in a mixture formed of 6.13 g of optically pure glycidyl methacrylate and 14.30 g of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (30% by mass of methacrylate glycidyl - 70% by mass of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) to which is added a mixture composed of 24.64 g of cyclohexanol and 2.43 g of dodecanol.
- the aqueous phase containing polyvinylpyrrolidone is placed, under nitrogen, in a double-jacket reactor provided with mechanical stirring and a cryostat. To this aqueous phase are added dropwise the glycidyl methacrylate / ethylene glycol dimethacrylate / AIBN and cyclohexanol / dodecanol mixtures.
- the reaction medium stirred at 200 rpm, is heated to 70 ° C for 2 hours then to 80 ° C for 6 hours and finally left at room temperature for 2 hours.
- the polymer beads are recovered with 95% ethanol.
- the polymer beads are then divided into three fractions and subjected to stirring using a shaker for 2 hours and the solvent is removed by decantation.
- the catalyst is prepared in situ. Under an argon atmosphere, one of the polyaminoalcohol type ligands prepared in Example 4 and RuCI 2 (p-cymene) 2 are suspended in isopropanol, in a ligand / metal molar ratio of 4/1 , (2 ml for 3.7 mg of RuCI 2 (p-cymene) 2 ). This suspension is stirred for 30 minutes at 80 ° C. A color change from yellow to red in the reaction medium and the beads is observed.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.63 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone is dissolved at 80 ° C in 150 ml of deionized water.
- 4 g of 3-phenyl-oxiranylmethyl 2-methyl-acrylate are mixed with 6 g of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
- 1.56 g of dodecanol, 15.27 g of cyclohexanol are added to this mixture, and 82 mg of AIBN.
- the aqueous phase containing the polyvinylpyrrolidone is introduced under nitrogen.
- the glycidyl methacrylate / divinylbenzene / AIBN / dodecanol / cyclohexanol mixture is introduced dropwise into the reactor.
- the reaction medium is stirred at 400 rpm, heated to 70 ° C for 2 hours then to 80 ° C for 6 hours, then cooled to room temperature for 2 hours.
- the copolymer beads are recovered with 96% ethanol, and washed with acetone using a soxhlet for 8 hours. The polymer is dried.
- Example 8 Under an argon atmosphere, the chiral polymer obtained in Example 8 (1 mmol of epoxide) is suspended in a minimum of anhydrous dimethylformamide. 10 equivalents of a nucleophilic amine are added while mechanically agitating the reaction medium (100 rpm). After 24 hours at 100 ° C., the reaction medium is decanted in a flask. The supernatant is replaced with 50 ml of 96% ethanol. The bottle is placed on a shaker for 1 hour, then the supernatant is replaced with 50 ml of deionized water. These alternating washes with ethanol and water are repeated several times before the polymer is dried using a vacuum oven for 4 hours.
- the following table summarizes all of the reactions carried out starting from three different amines.
- the chiral polymer obtained in Example 9 (1 mmol of epoxide) is suspended in benzylamine while mechanically stirring the reaction medium (100 rpm). After 24 hours at 80 ° C, the reaction medium is centrifuged at 4000 rpm. The supernatant is removed to be replaced with 96% ethanol. Then the polymer is dried using a vacuum oven for 4 hours.
- the catalyst is prepared in situ. Under an argon atmosphere, one of the polyaminoalcohol ligands prepared in Example 10 or 11 and [RuCI 2 (p-cymene)] 2 are suspended in isopropanol, in a ligand / metal molar ratio of 4/1, (2ml for 3.7 mg of [RuCI 2 (p-cymene)] 2 ) . . This suspension is stirred for 1 hour at 80 ° C. A color change from yellow to red in the reaction medium is observed.
- Example 12 At room temperature, one of the catalysts prepared in Example 12 and acetophenone are added (substrate / metal molar ratio: 20/1). Then a 0.03 mol / l solution of potassium tert-butoxide in isopropanol (Ru / base ratio: 1/5) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred magnetically. Samples are taken over time and analyzed. The enantiomeric excesses are determined by CPG on a Supelco type chiral column (Lipodex A 30x25). The results with the different ligands are collated in the following table:
- the reaction medium is stirred at 400 rpm, heated at 70 ° C for 2 hours then at 80 ° C for 6 hours, it is cooled to room temperature for 2 hours.
- the copolymer beads are recovered with 96% ethanol, and divided into three fractions which are stirred using a shaker for 2 hours. The supernatant of each fraction is replaced with 30 ml of 96% ethanol. This operation is repeated 4 to 5 times.
- the beads are separated using three 80 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m sieves. Four fractions are thus obtained.
- EXAMPLE 15 Synthesis of a modified polymer according to the invention of the polyaminoalcohol type.
- the chiral polymer obtained in Example 14 (1 mmol of epoxide) is suspended in benzylamine while mechanically stirring the reaction medium (100 rpm). After 24 hours at 80 ° C., the reaction medium is decanted in a flask. The supernatant is replaced with 50 ml of 96% ethanol. The bottle is placed on a shaker for 1 hour, then the supernatant is replaced with 50 ml of deionized water. These alternating washes with ethanol and water are repeated several times before the polymer is dried using a vacuum oven at 50 ° C for 4 hours.
- the catalyst is prepared in situ. Under an argon atmosphere, the polyaminoalcohol type ligand prepared in Example 15 and [RuCl 2 (p-cymene)] 2 are suspended in isopropanol, in a ligand / metal molar ratio of 4/1, ( 2 ml for 3.7 mg of [RuCl 2 (p-cymene)] 2. This suspension is stirred for 1 hour at 80 ° C. A color change from yellow to red in the reaction medium is observed.
- Example 16 At room temperature, the catalyst prepared in Example 16 and acetophenone are added (substrate / metal molar ratio: 20/1). Then a 0.03 mol / l solution of potassium tert-butoxide in isopropanol (Ru / base ratio: 1/5) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred magnetically. Samples are taken over time and analyzed. The enantiomeric excesses are determined by CPG on a Supelco type chiral column (Lipodex A 30x25). The results obtained are collated in the following table:
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0015147A FR2816948B1 (fr) | 2000-11-23 | 2000-11-23 | Polymere optiquement actif a fonctions epoxydes, procede de preparation dudit polymere, et son utilisation |
| FR0015147 | 2000-11-23 | ||
| PCT/FR2001/003705 WO2002042346A1 (fr) | 2000-11-23 | 2001-11-23 | Polymere optiquement actif a fonctions epoxydes, procede de preparation dudit polymere, et son utilisation |
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| EP1341828A1 true EP1341828A1 (fr) | 2003-09-10 |
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| EP01997513A Withdrawn EP1341828A1 (fr) | 2000-11-23 | 2001-11-23 | Polymere optiquement actif a fonctions epoxydes, procede de preparation dudit polymere, et son utilisation |
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| US (1) | US20040068068A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1341828A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2004514751A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2816948B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002042346A1 (fr) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1606320B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-27 | 2007-06-13 | Chirosep | Reseau polymere tridimensionnel reticule, procede permettant de preparer ce reseau, materiau de support contenant ce reseau et utilisations de celui-ci |
| DE10325304B3 (de) * | 2003-06-04 | 2005-03-24 | Fresenius Hemocare Adsorber Technology Gmbh | Adsorbens zum Absenken der Konzentration von Fibrinogen und/oder Fibrin in Blut oder Blutplasma, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
| EP2281847B1 (fr) * | 2008-05-30 | 2013-10-02 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Copolymère d'acrylonitrile et son procédé de fabrication et solution de copolymère d'acrylonitrile et fibre de précurseur en polyacrylonitrile pour fibre de carbone et son procédé de fabrication |
| KR101002736B1 (ko) | 2008-08-13 | 2010-12-21 | 제일모직주식회사 | 컬러필터 보호막용 열경화성 수지 조성물 및 이를 이용한 컬러필터 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE59009485D1 (de) * | 1989-01-26 | 1995-09-14 | Bayer Ag | Optisch aktive (Meth)Acrylsäure-Derivate, ihre Herstellung, ihre Polymerisation zu optisch aktiven Polymeren und deren Verwendung. |
-
2000
- 2000-11-23 FR FR0015147A patent/FR2816948B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-11-23 EP EP01997513A patent/EP1341828A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-11-23 US US10/432,550 patent/US20040068068A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-23 WO PCT/FR2001/003705 patent/WO2002042346A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-11-23 JP JP2002545060A patent/JP2004514751A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0242346A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20040068068A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
| FR2816948A1 (fr) | 2002-05-24 |
| WO2002042346A1 (fr) | 2002-05-30 |
| FR2816948B1 (fr) | 2003-02-21 |
| JP2004514751A (ja) | 2004-05-20 |
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