EP1338847A1 - Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor - Google Patents
Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor Download PDFInfo
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- EP1338847A1 EP1338847A1 EP03001006A EP03001006A EP1338847A1 EP 1338847 A1 EP1338847 A1 EP 1338847A1 EP 03001006 A EP03001006 A EP 03001006A EP 03001006 A EP03001006 A EP 03001006A EP 1338847 A1 EP1338847 A1 EP 1338847A1
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- zone
- shaft
- reactor according
- gas
- direct
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
- C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
- C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
- F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
- F23C5/28—Disposition of burners to obtain flames in opposing directions, e.g. impacting flames
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/001—Extraction of waste gases, collection of fumes and hoods used therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0943—Coke
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0996—Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
- C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
- C10J2300/1634—Ash vitrification
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/10—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel
- F23G2204/103—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G2205/16—Waste feed arrangements using chute
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/50009—Furnace with progressive waste movements in vertical or steeply inclined direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0006—Monitoring the characteristics (composition, quantities, temperature, pressure) of at least one of the gases of the kiln atmosphere and using it as a controlling value
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a DC shaft reactor for Melting and gasification of feedstocks of different kinds and Consistency, such as pollutant-free and / or polluted woods, Hausund Bulky waste, substitute fuels, pelleted dusts or animal meal, Plastics, industrial and commercial waste.
- Consistency such as pollutant-free and / or polluted woods, Hausund Bulky waste, substitute fuels, pelleted dusts or animal meal, Plastics, industrial and commercial waste.
- a synthesis gas which is used to produce electrical energy and heat is suitable and / or as the basis for Synthesis processes is used to be generated.
- a solid product creates a non-leachable slag and a material askverarbeitbare Metal phase or a non-volatile liquid phase, which for a further processing is available.
- DE 43 17 145 C1 describes a method and a device for degassing of waste materials based on a coke-heated countercurrent shaft furnace.
- the resulting dust-containing gas is completely removed and in the underlying melting and overheating zone with oxygen burned high temperatures.
- the countercurrent flow of the gas through the down moving bed and the suction between the Kreislaufgasausaugung and the recirculation gas supply result in a variety of practical problems.
- the consequences are short-circuit currents in the shaft and insufficient heat transfer to the upper shaft area, creating a contaminated gas with tar and dust components arises. hereby a complex gas treatment and purification is necessary. Further there is a risk that tar and dust deposits the continuous operation is disturbed.
- DE 198 16 864 A1 describes a cycle gas polyolefin, in which a surplus gas extraction below the melting and Overheating zone is arranged. This results in a Countercurrent gasification and heat transfer in the upper furnace shaft area, where the gas is sucked by means of large-volume openings and through Channels / nozzles is passed into the melting and overheating zone. In the subsequent DC gasification turns the gas at high temperatures reduced and split longer hydrocarbons. Through this Arrangement, the negative influence of short-circuit currents is reduced.
- DE 100 07 115 A1 discloses a reactor for gasifying and / or melting Feedstocks with a feed zone, a degassing and gasification zone and a melting and overheating zone described.
- the dismantling and Gasification zone has a cross-sectional widening as Gaszu 1500raum, in the at least one combustion chamber opens with at least one burner, by which hot combustion gases a forming bulk cone be supplied.
- high-energy media by means of upper and lower injection agents in the area of the melting and overheating zone as well as above the melt by means of oxygen lances and / or nozzles brought in.
- the disadvantage of this device is the enlarged Reactor surface in the region of the cross-sectional expansion of the pyrolysis, since Heat losses occur.
- the entering in direct current in the bed hot gases also form preferred flow channels, which is a Inhomogeneous reaction over the reactor cross-section has the consequence.
- the object of the invention is a direct current reactor with which also when using different starting materials Nutzgase, in particular combustible Nutzgase with a low Particle load, can be generated in their generation the danger Damage to the DC-shaft reactor is reduced.
- the inventive DC shaft reactor for melting and Gasification of feed has a vertical shaft body. Within the shaft body, the feedstock is dried, heated and gassed. The vertically arranged shaft body thus has in Transport direction successively a drying zone for drying and Heating the feedstock, a subsequent thereto Degassing zone for degassing the feed and a gasification zone for gasifying the feedstock.
- the shaft body is closed Receiving body, which is for receiving molten feedstock serves. Within this body, the melting zone of the reactor is formed.
- the shaft body and / or the receiving body are equipped with a gas discharge device for discharging the generated within the reactor Combined useful gases. In particular, the discharge device is in the range arranged between the shaft body and the receiving body and as Pipe formed.
- the vertically oriented shaft body has a Feeder on, through which the feed to the shaft reactor is supplied.
- the degassing zone are in the transport direction of the Feedstock, i. in a vertical shaft body in vertical Direction one after the other in the degassing zone several gas supply units connected to the shaft body.
- the lower cylindrical or tapered area of the Gasification area protrudes into the melting zone if necessary.
- the Schütt yarn located above at least partially, at the same time There are high temperatures there.
- a cooling by means of indirect water cooling in the Reactor shaft wall Because at very high temperatures and the size of the too Cooling area a double-walled design of the reactor shaft wall due to overheating and thereby caused destruction is disadvantageous, this is cylindrical or itself tapered region formed according to the invention as a pipe coil.
- a spiral pipe coil, which is traversed by a cooling medium is particularly suitable for the realization of cooling in this area. In particular, a targeted cooling is possible.
- the danger of steam formation inside the coil is very due to the circulation of the liquid low.
- the coil is preferably in several areas with separate inflows and outflows, so that too much warming Coolant can be discharged directly from the coil.
- the degassing zone can be better utilized, so that too With different starting materials degassing of these substances is possible.
- the gases in the degassing zone in particular energy and that heat is introduced into the degassing zone, in the Entgasungszone over the cross section a more uniform heating of the Feedstock be ensured.
- several gas supply units In the transport direction are arranged one behind the other, can a preferably continuous heating of the feedstock in Transport direction can be ensured. This makes it possible that too be degassed difficult to degasified feedstocks in the degassing.
- the degassing thus predominantly in the degassing of the Duct reactor according to the invention is a degassing reduced by feedstock in the gasification or the melting zone or avoided.
- the efficiency of the shaft reactor considerably increase.
- Through the shaft reactor according to the invention can in the Degassing a high degree of degassing be realized, so that Flammable Nutzgase can be generated, which is only a very small Have particle load.
- the gas supply units are preferably arranged substantially uniformly distributed.
- the gas feed units thus have a substantially equal distance to each other.
- the individual gas supply units or more each combined into a group or feed unit Feeding devices connected to a control device.
- Control device it is possible, the individual gas supply units and / or to control or regulate the feed units separately. This can for example, by a regulation of the individual gas supply units discharged gas quantity, the oxygen content of the supplied gas and / or the temperature of the supplied gas. Further, too the gas mixture can be changed.
- the figure shows a schematic side view of a DC-shaft reactor.
- the DC shaft reactor has a shaft body 10. Of the Shaft body 10 may in the illustrated embodiment in a Lock assembly 12, one to the lock assembly 12th subsequent drying zone 14, one to the drying zone 14th subsequent degassing zone 16 and a subsequent thereto Gasification zone 18 are divided. To the gasification zone 18 of the Shaft body 10 is followed by a receiving body 20, which is for receiving of molten feedstock 22 is used. In the upper area of the Receiving body 20, the melting zone 23 is formed. In the border area between the gasification zone 18 and the receiving body 20 is the Extended cross-section of the receiving body, leaving a ring-shaped trained gas collection chamber 24 is formed, which is the lower part of Gasification zone 18 surrounds.
- the gas collection chamber 24 is provided with an im illustrated embodiment designed as a pipe gas discharge device 26 connected.
- the feedstock is fed into the well body 10 through a feed opening 28 introduced via the lock assembly 12. Feeding the Feedstock via the lock assembly to the introduction large amounts of ambient air through which the melting and Gasification process can be influenced uncontrollably, to prevent.
- the lock arrangement has two lock devices or Sluice gates 30,32 on, between which the lock chamber 34 is formed, the lock chamber 34 is already part of the Shaft body 10 is.
- the feed then passes through the lock assembly 12 in the Drying zone 14.
- the shaft body 10 is almost complete with during operation Feedstock filled. Also in the drying zone 14 no or forms if necessary, a small pour cone near the lock gate 32.
- a small pour cone near the lock gate 32.
- the shaft inner wall of the shaft body 10 is thus at least in the Degassing zone 16 smooth and has no steps or the like. On.
- a gas supply unit 36 is provided in the dry zone of the Shaft body 10.
- the gas supply unit 36 has a ring conduit 38 surrounding the shaft body 10 connected to a plurality of evenly circumferentially distributed nozzles 40 is.
- the feedstock in the field of Drying zone 14 preferably hot air, which optionally enriched with oxygen may be fed to dry the feedstock.
- degassing zone 16 In which subsequent to the drying zone 14 degassing zone 16 are a plurality of gas feeders 46, which are in particular to Nozzles act, provided. In the degassing zone 16 are the gas feeders 46 evenly distributed. In particular, in Transport direction of the feedstock, i. in the figure from top to bottom, a plurality of gas supply means or nozzles 46 arranged one after the other. Preferably, it is at least three successively arranged Nozzles 46. In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of nozzles 46 to a feed unit 42 connected. For this purpose, a ring line 44 is provided, for which the nozzles 46 can be supplied together with gas. The Ring line 44 is therefore preferably uniform with several on the circumference distributed nozzles 46 connected.
- each ring line 44 at least three nozzles on.
- the ring lines 44 each in a horizontal plane are arranged, together with the nozzles or Gas feeders 46 individual feed units 42.
- Within the Degassing zone 16 are several in the illustrated embodiment four Feeding units 42 arranged. It is particularly preferred according to the invention provide at least two feed units.
- the individual feeding units 42 are offset from each other or arranged rotated, so that in Transport direction of the feed material successively arranged nozzles 46th not over, or behind each other, but offset, or next to each other are arranged.
- the individual delivery units face each other the above arranged feed unit by the same angle arranged twisted.
- the size of the angle of rotation is preferably from the number of each supply unit 42 provided nozzles 46 depending, so that a substantially uniform distribution of the nozzles 46 in the Degassing zone 16 takes place.
- About the gas supply means 46 can high-energy gases, oxygen, air or others to control the Schmelzund Gasification process suitable gases fed to the feedstock become.
- nozzles 48 are provided in the gasification zone 18. About the nozzles 48 can in turn high-energy gas or other the melting and Gasification process controlling gases or substances are supplied. As well may be provided instead of the nozzle 48 and burner, which in the Gasification zone 18 immediately supply heat to the feedstock. Of the End region of the longitudinal axis 50 rotationally symmetrical shaft body 10th is tapered slightly tapered so that the feed material in the Part of the gasification zone 18 is retained somewhat.
- nozzles 54 In a side wall 52 of the receiving body 20 are also several on Circumferentially distributed nozzles 54 arranged.
- the nozzles 54 serve for introduction high-energy gases or corresponding substances. Through the nozzles 54 is ensures that the melt 22 remains liquid.
- Nozzles 54 instead of the Nozzles 54 may also be provided burners.
- a side wall 56 of the lock assembly 12 double-walled design. This can cause a warming and thus a Drying of the feed in the lock chamber 34 can be achieved by passing a hot medium through the double-walled side wall 68 becomes.
- This is preferably air or another gas.
- the gas supply unit 36 instead of in the area the drying zone 14 in the area of the lock assembly 12 provide.
- the lock assembly 12 has the task of continuous and homogeneous supply of material and the gas-tight seal against the Surroundings.
- the ideal material input preferably sets a homogeneous mixture especially when adding additives such as coke and lime.
- Of the Entry takes place according to the invention centrally on the axis of the reactor.
- the Volume of the lock chamber 34 is fully utilized as possible and falls into the reactor shaft of the same diameter as possible.
- the reactor is keep as full as possible during operation.
- a level monitoring is Accordingly, preferably mounted directly below the lock gate 32.
- the Filling takes place in a high clock rate.
- the areas are lock arrangement 12, drying zone 14 and degassing zone 16 into the gasification zone 18 preferably cylindrical or slightly conical widening downwards.
- the Transition between the zones takes place without step-shaped or erratic Cross-sectional enlargement, i. the transition is the same cross section and without formation of shake-free cavities, steps or edges.
- the drying zone 14 can also, in particular for larger types be executed double-walled. This allows the indirect heating of the Gutcicle inside or to ensure a uniform temperature the wall and a reduction of condensation phenomena at the Inside.
- the heat transfer medium is preferably also hot air used.
- the degassing zone 16 can also continue in the drying zone 14 be designed double-walled.
- the gasification zone 18 is the main reaction zone within the well reactor.
- the material takes place at temperatures of 1,200 to 1,400 ° C. and energetic conversion of the solids.
- Gases and solid products form from coke to ash.
- the gasification zone 18 must for these reasons have a sufficient height. This will be so far achieved in that the gasification zone 18 as a straight cylindrical Area with transition into a conical reduction of the cross section or is immediately formed as an increasing rejuvenation.
- the material grain is reduced, the cavities increase within the Bulk column.
- the gas flows in co-current with the feedstock the zone of High-temperature gasification 18.
- the from the expired degassing and Thermolysis reactions resulting longer-chain hydrocarbons are here thermally split and were at the same time at the expiring Gasification processes involved.
- the result is a flammable gas medium Calorific value with the main components carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrogen and water vapor without constituents of condensable Hydrocarbons. Many of the chemical reactions that have taken place are endothermic. The temperature of the gas as well as the bed decreases thus.
- the Pipe coil 60 In the lower cylindrical or tapered area of the Gasification region 18, which optionally projects into the melting zone 23, is the Pipe coil 60 according to the invention arranged. It is preferably with in the figure not shown separate feeds and drains provided. Further can between the individual rings or spiral parts of the coil 60th additional nozzles 48 or burners 54 are provided. Below the water-cooled region of the gasification region 18, the gas undergoes a Deflection by about 180 ° and enters the shake-free space 24th By endothermic processes described above, the gas has a Temperature of about 1,000 ° C. After a certain gas calming and - Evenly, the gas is sucked out of the reactor above.
- the gas collection chamber 24 is already part of the melting zone 23, which above substantially further than the projecting gasification zone 18, and surrounds the gasification zone 18 at least partially.
- the cylindrical Melting zone 23 reduces conically downwards and closes with the Base plate above which collects the molten phase.
- the melting zone 23 is in its entirety with a multi-layered Provided rammed or equipped with a lining. reason this is the necessary high temperatures. Only in the area of Gassammelraumes is under certain circumstances a lining not necessary.
- the completely degassed and coked solid is already in places sintered or melted and sinks from the gasification zone 18 further into the Melting zone 23.
- Integrated into the melting zone 23 is a plane with a plurality of oxygen nozzles or injectors and / or oxidizing burners 54, which also are distributed symmetrically on the axis.
- the supply of gas with a high oxygen content occurs strong exothermic reactions with the gas and the solid from the Gasification zone 18.
- There are temperatures which are well above the Melting point of the material usually about 1400 ° C to 1600 ° C. in the Area of the oxygen nozzles even result in hot temperature zones of 1800 to 2000 ° C. Under these conditions and by the addition of Slag formers and / or materials which lower the melting point, All inorganic pollutants are safely melted.
- the molten material collects as a melt at the bottom of the Reactor.
- the emptying of this liquid melt takes place as in the foundry usual about a tap hole and a gutter 72.
- a design with forehearth or Siphon is possible.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor zum Schmelzen und Vergasen von Einsatzmaterial, mit
einem vertikalen Schachtkörper (10) mit einer Trockenzone (14) zum Trocknen und Erwärmen des Einsatzmaterials, einer sich an die Trockenzone (14) anschließenden Entgasungszone (16) zum Entgasen des Einsatzmaterials und einer Vergasungszone (18) zum Vergasen des Einsatzmaterials, wobei das Einsatzmaterial von der Trockenzone (14) durch die Entgasungszone (16) in die Vergasungszone (18) transportiert wird,
einem sich an den Schachtkörper (10) anschließenden Aufnahmekörper (20) zur Aufnahme von geschmolzenem Einsatzmaterial (22), und
einer mit dem Schachtkörper (10) und/oder dem Aufnahmekörper (20) verbundenen Gas-Abführeinrichtung (26) zum Abführen entstandener Gase,
wobei in Transportrichtung des Einsatzmaterials in der Entgasungszone (16) nacheinander mehreren mit dem Schachtkörper (10) verbundene Gas-Zuführeinheiten (42) zum Zuführen von Gas in die Entgasungszone (16) vorgesehen sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich des Übergangs zwischen der Vergasungszone (18) und der Schmelzzone (23) zur Temperaturführung eine Rohrschlange (60) vorgesehen ist. - Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohrschlange (60) spiralförmig ist.
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch die Rohrschlange (60) ein sich in Transportrichtung des Einsatzmaterials verjüngender Bereich, insbesondere konisch verjüngender Bereich, ausgebildet ist.
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohrschlange (60) in mehreren Bereichen mit separaten Zu- und Abflüssen verbunden ist.
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gas-Zuführeinrichtungen (46) im Wesentlichen gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnet sind.
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Transportrichtung mindestens drei Gas-Zuführeinrichtungen (46) nacheinander vorgesehen sind.
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Gas-Zuführeinrichtungen (46) in einer horizontalen Ebene angeordnet sind.
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in einer Ebene angeordneten Gas-Zuführeinrichtungen (46) mit einer Ringleitung (44) zu einer Zuführeinheit (42) verbunden sind.
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gas-Zuführeinrichtungen (46) von in Transportrichtung nacheinander angeordneten Zuführeinheiten (42) versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind.
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den einzelnen Ringen bzw. Spiralteilen der Rohrschlange (60) zusätzlich Düsen (48) oder Brenner (54) vorgesehen sind, die insbesondere separat regelbar sind.
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gas-Zuführeinrichtungen (46) und/oder die Zuführeinheiten (42) mit einer Steuereinrichtung verbunden sind.
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Trockenzone (14) und/oder Vergasungszone (18) zusätzliche Gas-Zuführeinrichtungen (46,48) vorgesehen sind.
- Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schachtkörper (10) zumindest im Bereich der Entgasungszone (16) zylindrisch oder sich in Transportrichtung sprungfrei erweiternd ausgebildet ist.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200330322T SI1338847T1 (sl) | 2002-01-23 | 2003-01-17 | Reaktor z jaskom za enosmerni tok |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE20200935U | 2002-01-23 | ||
DE20200935U DE20200935U1 (de) | 2002-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1338847A1 true EP1338847A1 (de) | 2003-08-27 |
EP1338847B1 EP1338847B1 (de) | 2006-03-29 |
Family
ID=7966849
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP03001006A Expired - Lifetime EP1338847B1 (de) | 2002-01-23 | 2003-01-17 | Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor |
Country Status (5)
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---|---|
EP (1) | EP1338847B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE321978T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE20200935U1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2261800T3 (de) |
SI (1) | SI1338847T1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013085635A1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-13 | General Electric Company | Biomass gasification systems having controllable fluid injectors |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004020919B4 (de) * | 2004-04-28 | 2009-12-31 | Kbi International Ltd. | Reaktor zur thermischen Abfallbehandlung mit Eindüsungsmitteln |
DE102014106901A1 (de) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Steenova UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG | Vergaser und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines brennbaren Gases aus kohlenstoffhaltigen Einsatzstoffen |
NL2030051B1 (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-06-22 | Pronovation B V | Down-draft co-current reduction furnace (DCR Furnace) |
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DE1152653B (de) * | 1958-11-25 | 1963-08-08 | Rheinische Kalksteinwerke | Schachtoefen zum Brennen von Kalkstein oder sonstigen Karbonaten mit Abgasumwaelzung |
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EP1148295A1 (de) * | 1999-01-27 | 2001-10-24 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Abfallvergasungsschmelzofen und vergasungsschmelzverfahren |
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DE50910C (de) * | — W. F. M. Mc. CARTY, 501 Seventh Street, North-West, W. H. ASHTON, 3432 P. Street, North-West, und H. D. WALBRIDGE, 902 Fourteenth Street, North-West, sämmtlich in City and County of Washington, District of Columbia, V. St. A | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur unmittelbaren Gewinnung von Eisen aus Erzen | ||
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-
2002
- 2002-01-23 DE DE20200935U patent/DE20200935U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-01-17 DE DE50302772T patent/DE50302772D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-17 SI SI200330322T patent/SI1338847T1/sl unknown
- 2003-01-17 ES ES03001006T patent/ES2261800T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-17 EP EP03001006A patent/EP1338847B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-17 AT AT03001006T patent/ATE321978T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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EP1148295A1 (de) * | 1999-01-27 | 2001-10-24 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Abfallvergasungsschmelzofen und vergasungsschmelzverfahren |
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WO2013085635A1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-13 | General Electric Company | Biomass gasification systems having controllable fluid injectors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50302772D1 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
EP1338847B1 (de) | 2006-03-29 |
DE20200935U1 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
ES2261800T3 (es) | 2006-11-16 |
SI1338847T1 (sl) | 2006-10-31 |
ATE321978T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
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