EP1337730B1

EP1337730B1 - Automotive door hinge with structurally integrated pivot

Info

Publication number: EP1337730B1
Application number: EP02753989A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rudolf Gruber
Original assignee: Multimatic Inc
Current assignee: Multimatic Inc
Priority date: 2001-08-02
Filing date: 2002-07-30
Publication date: 2005-10-05
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-30
Also published as: DE60206465D1; CN1476508A; CN1271301C; EP1337730A1; CA2423923A1; CA2354796A1; ES2251608T3; ATE306004T1; DE60206465T2; JP4084748B2; BR0205832A; AU2002322234B2; JP2004536986A; CA2423923C; WO2003012234A1

Abstract

An automotive hinge comprises: a door component adapted to be mounted to a vehicular closing panel, the door component comprising a conical pivot axis aperture; a body component adapted to be mounted to a vehicular body structure, said body component comprising a pivot arm; the door component and the body component being adapted to rotate about a pivot axis; the body component comprising an upstanding, conical structural feature extending from the body component and adapted to be coaxially aligned with the pivot axis and structurally fixed to the pivot arm of the body component; the conical structural feature comprising an external conical bearing surface; such that when the hinge is assembled, the door component interleaves over the body component, dimensionally locating the door and body components by means of the walls of the conical pivot axis aperture of the door component interacting with the external conical bearing surface of the conical structural feature. In an alternative embodiment, the conical structural feature is located on the door component and the body component is adapted to receive it.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention applies to hinges, more particularly to automotive door hinges, which facilitate motion of a closure panel relative to a fixed body structure, and simplify removal and reinstallation of the closure panel to and from the body structure during specific phases of the vehicle assembly operation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

Automotive door hinges are generally configured to include a door component that is rigidly attached to a closure panel and a body component that is rigidly attached to a body structure. This structural attachment of the components can be achieved by welding, riveting, bolting or similar mechanical fastening means. The simple rotary motion of the door component relative to the body component is normally achieved by a pivot pin and associated bearing surfaces. The pivot pin is configured to be rigidly attached to one of the hinge components while the other component freely rotates around the pivot pin via one or more bearing surfaces. It is normal practice to utilize two of these hinge assemblies, vertically offset with coaxially aligned pivot pins, to attach a closure panel to a body structure.

The person skilled in the art is familiar with a plurality of such hinge assemblies, some of which will be illustrated in the following in brief. A first hinge assembly is for example disclosed in US 4,864,689 which discloses an arrangement for mounting doors on motor vehicles by means of two hinge assemblies respectively comprising at least one screw bolt engaged in one of the assemblies along a common rotational axis for securing the door in its installed operating position. This hinge assembly comprises an axially bearing pin to extend through first and second bushing parts to hold the door so as to be free from play and to secure said door in its installed operational position against unintentional removal.

Another hinge assembly is for example known from FR 1 421 451 which comprises a door component and a body component which are configured to rotate around a pivot pin and which may be partially surrounded by a sleeve.

A third hinge assembly is disclosed in GB 291 796 which consists of two straps wherein one strap is provided with a stud having a ramp or inclined plane provided at the base of the strap and which is adapted to engage in a recess also of the form of a ramp or incline plane provided at the base of the other strap, so that when the stud engages in said recess, the two straps are adapted to rotate around each other.

A fourth hinge assembly is known from EP 0 613 988 A2 which discloses two hinge parts being connected to each other by means of a hinge pin which is part of one of said hinge parts.

Yet another hinge assembly is known from EP 0 777 025 A1 which discloses a hinge assembly substantially comprising a first U-shaped hinge component in which a second hinge component engages. For rotational connection of those two hinge components, a pivot pin extends through the first and the second hinge component thereby rotationally locating both components with respect to each other.

Finally, a further hinge assembly is known from US 3,135,013 which shows a hinge consisting of two comb-shaped hinge leaves which engage in each other by means of their combs. Again, both hinge leaves are rotationally located with respect to each other by means of a hinge pin which extends through the comb-shaped pins of the hinge leaves.

Although there is a variety of different hinge assemblies as illustrated above, all of them suffer from certain disadvantages which in particular occur during the assembling and painting of vehicles during their production.

In many modem automotive vehicle assembly plants the closure panel is removed from the body structure after the vehicle has been initially assembled and painted. This post paint detachment of the closure panel is undertaken to facilitate ease of final assembly of the vehicle interior which includes installing large components such as the instrument panel, seats, carpet and headliner as well as simplifying the final assembly of the door hardware components such as the latch and window lift mechanism. An important aspect of the closure panel's removal and reinstallation process is that it is normal practice to set the final door position during the vehicle's initial assembly, prior to painting. In this way the gap margins and surface flushness, which are among the most important aspects of vehicle quality, are set during the initial structural framing and can be evaluated before and just after painting. This generally accepted approach requires that the method utilized to remove and reinstall the closure panel after painting, during the final assembly process, must facilitate exact replication of the original door position. There is a wide range of prior art that facilitates the removal and reinstallation of vehicle closure panels while maintaining the dimensional integrity of the original installation process.

A common embodiment of a removable door hinge system utilizes a cantilevered pivot pin to facilitate the door component being simply interleaved over the body component of the hinge. The body component incorporates a suitably sized hole containing a pivot bushing through which the pivot pin is riveted creating a structural joint with rotational freedom. A portion of the pivot pin is configured with a conical feature that interacts with a conical feature in the pivot axis hole of the door component. When the conical feature in the pivot axis hole of the door component is placed over the conical aspect of the pivot pin, a rotational locking action is created. A clip, nut or similar mechanical device retains the door component on the pivot pin and all structural loading is transferred via the portion of the pivot pin comprising the conical feature. Relative rotation of the door component and body component is facilitated via the non-conical aspect of the pivot pin rotating inside the body component's bushing. This cantilevered pivot pin arrangement is referred to as single hung and transmits all imparted bending moments directly to the pivot pin.

The above-described, single hung cantilevered pivot pin arrangement assures ease of removal and accurate reinstallation of the closure panel but is structurally inferior to a fully riveted, double hung hinge configuration. A conventional double hung hinge converts imparted bending moments into structurally preferable force couples. To counteract the significant imparted moment associated with a single hung hinge, a robust, complex joint must be made between the hinge component and the separate pivot pin. Additionally, to assure ease of reinstallation, adequate vertical load carrying capability and good final retention, a complex pin configuration is required.

Accordingly, it would be advantageous to create a single hung hinge assembly in which the pivot is wrought from, integral with or rigidly fixed to the hinge component. In this way the imparted moment would act directly on the hinge component as the pivot would be structurally integrated in the hinge component. Additionally, it would be a significant improvement over the existing art if the pivot was configured to create both a conical interface and horizontal load carrying surface for the rotational joint. In this manner an accurate and easy reinstallation process would be assured while allowing the integrated pivot to be simply machined from the hinge component. Additionally, by providing a threaded hole in the end of the structural pivot an extremely strong finished joint would be assured through the utilization of a simple bolt.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In a principal aspect of the hinge according to the invention, the automotive hinge comprises all the features of claim 1 or claim 7.

In further aspects of the hinge according to the invention:

(a) the conical structural feature is machined, forged or cast in the base material of the first or second component;

(b) said lubricating coating or film comprises the polymer PTFE;

(c) the conical structural feature comprises a distal end and an outward step proximate said distal end, said step being configured to retain the rigid bushing;

(d) the first and second component are retained in assembly by a bolt configured to thread coaxially into an internally threaded feature in the conical structural feature;

(e) the first and second component are retained in assembly by a clip, nut, or other similar mechanical fastening means.

The positions of the conical pivot axis aperture and the conical structural feature can be changed from either the door component or the body component, to the other of said components. Thus, in either of the main embodiments of the invention, either the conical structural feature will be lowered into the conical pivot axis aperture or the conical pivot axis aperture will be placed over an upstanding conical structural feature.

The bushing is interposed between the walls of the conical pivot axis aperture and the external conical bearing surface of the conical structural feature.

The rigid bushing is configured to fit into the conical pivot axis aperture. The rigid bushing comprises a tapered externally facing surface which comprises a lubricating coating or film. The lubricating coating or film preferably comprises the polymer PTFE. The rigid bushing comprises a split line adapted to permit reversible contraction of the dimensions of the bushing. The rigid bushing comprises an unlubricated internally facing surface to facilitate clamping of the bushing onto the outer surface of the conical structural feature. The conical structural feature has a continuous tapered outer surface. The bushing may be retained in the conical pivot aperture by upsetting the bushing material to create a flange.

Further aspects of the invention will be apparent from the following description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side view of a pair of the inventive hinge assemblies in a typical automotive installation;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the inventive hinge assembly in a fully assembled state;

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the components of the inventive hinge assembly;

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the body component of the inventive hinge assembly;

FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of the inventive hinge assembly through the centreline of the conical, structural feature;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an alternative orientation of the inventive hinge assembly in a fully assembled state.

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the components of the alternative orientation of the inventive hinge assembly of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the components of an alternative bushing configuration of the inventive hinge assembly;

FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view of an alternative bushing configuration of the inventive hinge assembly through the centreline of the conical, structural feature.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, a door hinge assembly (1) is substantially constructed from a door component (2) and a body component (3). The door component is configured with a door component mounting surface (6) and a door component pivot arm (7). The door component pivot arm contains a conical pivot axis aperture (8) with walls (25). The door component is structurally attached to a closure panel (4) via its door component mounting surface (6) using bolting, welding, bonding, riveting or similar fastening means. Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the body component (3) is configured with a body component mounting surface (11) and a body component pivot arm (12). The body component pivot arm is configured with an upstanding conical structural feature (13) that contains an internally threaded feature (14) coaxial with its outer surface, as illustrated in Figure 5. The body component (3) is structurally attached to a body structure (19) via its body component mounting surface (11) using bolting, welding, bonding, riveting or similar fastening means.

Referring to Figures 3, 4 and 5, a rigid bushing (17) is internally coated with a lubricating film, such as the polymer PTFE, and is configured to fit over the conical structural feature (13) and provide a horizontal load bearing surface (16) against the hinge body component's pivot arm (12) and an internal tapered surface (18) configured to bear against the conical structural feature (13). Other lubricating films or coatings may also be employed to permit the internally facing tapered surface of the bushing to rotatingly slide over the outer surface of the conical structural feature. A split line (20) allows the bushing to be easily installed since it can open and expand to be fitted over the conical structural feature, and aids in rotationally locking the bushing into the conical pivot axis aperture (8) on the non-lubricated, external surface of the bushing when longitudinal or vertical retention force is applied. An outwardly stepped feature (21) at the outer or distal end of the conical structural feature is configured to retain the rigid bushing longitudinally.

The door component (2) interleaves over the body component (3) and dimensionally locates itself by means of the external, unlubricated tapered surface (22) of the rigid bushing (17) mating to the walls (25) of the conical pivot axis aperture (8) of the door component (2). The assembly is structurally completed to prevent the door component and body component from moving longitudinally relative to each other by a bolt (19) attached to the conical structural feature (13) via the internally threaded feature (14). Relative rotation of the two hinge components is facilitated by the conical structural feature (13) remaining free to rotate inside the rigid bushing (17), which in turn is rotationally locked into the conical pivot axis aperture (8) of the door component (2) by frictional contact between the non-lubricated external surface of the bushing (17) and the walls (25) of the aperture (8).

Structural loadings, such as those imparted by a crash, are transferred between the door component (2) and body component (3) via the conical structural feature (13) which is wrought from, and integral to, the body component. This significantly improves the single hung, cantilevered arrangement since it eliminates the requirement of a pin-to-hinge structure joint interface.

The removal of the closure panel following a painting operation is simply facilitated by unthreading the bolt (19) and lifting the closure panel's door components (2) off of the body component's rigid bushings (17). Removal efforts are substantially reduced due to the conical configuration of the rigid bushing, which facilitates rotational locking while maintaining longitudinal freedom of movement. When the closure panel is reinstalled on the vehicle, the upper and lower hinges' door components are aligned with the corresponding body components by placing the conical pivot axis aperture (8) over the rigid bushings (17). The assemblies are then structurally completed by threading the fastening bolts (19) into the internally threaded features (14) of the conical structural features (13) and applying a suitable torque to the bolts. Each rigid bushing is thereby rotationally clamped into the corresponding conical pivot axis aperture; its conical walls ending at the horizontal load bearing surface (16), in the presence of a longitudinal clamping load and with flexure of the bushing about the split line (20), combine to create a locking action into the conical pivot axis aperture (8) of the door component.

It will be readily apparent that the locations of the conical structural feature and the conical pivot axis aperture can be switched. In this alternative embodiment, the conical structural feature is directed downwardly into a conical pivot axis aperture. Referring to Figures 6 and 7 only, a door hinge assembly (1) is substantially constructed from a body component (3) and a door component (2). The body component is configured with a mounting surface (11) and a pivot arm (12). The body component pivot arm (12) contains a conical pivot axis aperture (8). The door component (2) is configured with a mounting surface (6) and a pivot arm (7). The door component (2) is structurally attached to a closure panel via the door component's mounting surface (6) using bolting, welding, bonding, riveting or similar fastening means. The door component pivot arm (7) is configured with a conical structural feature (13) which contains an internally threaded feature coaxial with its outer surface. The body component (3) is structurally attached to a body structure via its body component mounting surface (11) using bolting, welding, bonding, riveting or similar fastening means.

A rigid bushing (17) is internally coated with a lubricating film such as the polymer PTFE and is configured to fit over the conical structural feature (13) and provide a horizontal load bearing surface (16) against the door component's pivot arm (7) and an internal tapered surface configured to bear against the conical structural feature. Other lubricating films or coatings may also be employed to permit the internally facing tapered surface of the bushing to rotationally slide over the outer bearing surface of the conical structural feature. The rigid bushing functions as in the previous embodiment.

Still referring to Figures 6 and 7 only, the door component (2) interleaves over the body component (3) and dimensionally locates itself by means of the external, unlubricated tapered surface (22) of the rigid bushing (17) mating to the walls (25) of the conical pivot axis aperture (8) of the body component (3). The assembly is structurally completed as previously described.

The removal of the closure panel following a painting operation may be performed in the same way as with the previously described embodiment, in that the closure panel is lifted from the vehicle body and reinstalled in analogous fashion.

Referring to Figures 8 and 9, it will be readily apparent that the location of the rigid bushing (17) can be interchanged from fitting over the conical structural feature (13) to fitting inside the conical pivot axis aperture (8). In this alternative embodiment, the rigid bushing (17) is externally coated with a lubricating film such as the polymer PTFE, and is configured to fit into the conical pivot axis aperture (8) and provide a horizontal load bearing surface (16) against the hinge body component's pivot arm (12) and an externally tapered surface (26) configured to bear against the internal conical bearing surface of the conical pivot axis aperture (8). Other lubricating films or coatings may also be employed to permit the externally facing tapered surface of the bushing to rotatingly slide over the internal conical bearing surface of the conical pivot axis aperture. A split line (20) allows the bushing to be easily installed since it can close and contract to be fitted into the conical pivot axis aperture, and aids in rotationally locking the bushing onto the conical structural feature (13) on the internal, unlubricated tapered surface (27) of the bushing when longitudinal or vertical retention force is applied. The bushing material is upset upon installation to create a retention flange (28) over the door component pivot arm (7) at the opposing end to the horizontal load bearing surface (16) so that the rigid bushing is positively retained in the door component pivot arm (7).

The door component (2) interleaves over the body component (3) and dimensionally locates itself by means of the internal, unlubricated tapered surface (27) of the rigid bushing (17) mating to the outer surface (29) of the conical structural feature (13) of the body component (3). The assembly is structurally completed as previously described.

Relative rotation of the two hinge components is facilitated by the rigid bushing (17) remaining free to rotate against the internal conical bearing surface of the conical pivot axis aperture (8). The rigid bushing (17) is in turn rotationally locked to the conical structural feature (13) of the body component (3) by frictional contact between the unlubricated tapered surface (27) of the rigid bushing (17) and the outer surface (29) of the conical structural feature (13).

The removal of the closure panel following a painting operation may be performed in the same way as with the previously described embodiments, in that the closure panel is lifted from the vehicle body and reinstalled in analogous fashion. The only change is the location of the bushing.

It will be readily apparent that this alternative rigid bushing configuration can be used in either of the alternative hinge configurations described above, in which the locations of the conical structural feature and the conical pivot axis aperture are switched.

Claims

An automotive hinge (1) comprising:

(a) a first component (2, 3) adapted to be mounted to a vehicular closure panel (4) or to a vehicular body structure (19), said first component (2, 3) comprising a conical pivot axis aperture (8);

(b) a second component (3, 2) adapted to be mounted to a vehicular body structure (19) or to a vehicular closure panel (4), said second component comprising a pivot arm (7,12);

(c) the first component (2, 3) and the second component (3, 2) being adapted to rotate about a pivot axis;

(d) the second component (3, 2) comprising an upstanding, conical structural feature (13), wrought from the base material of the second component (3, 2) extending from the second component (3,2), and adapted to be coaxially aligned with the pivot axis and structurally fixed to the pivot arm (7, 12) of the first component (2,3);

(e) said conical structural feature (13) comprising an external conical bearing surface;

(f) a rigid bushing (17) configured to fit over the conical structural feature (13);

(g) said rigid bushing (17) comprising an internally facing tapered surface comprising a lubricating coating or film adapted to contact said conical bearing surface of the conical structural feature (13);

(h) said rigid bushing (17) further comprising a split line (20) and an unlubricated externally facing surface (22) to facilitate clamping of said bushing (17) into the conical pivot axis aperture (8);

(i) said rigid bushing (17) further comprising a base comprising a horizontal surface (16) configured substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of said bushing (17), said horizontal surface (16) being adapted to carry vertical hinge loadings;

such that when the hinge (1) is assembled, the first component (2, 3) interleaves over the second component (3, 2), dimensionally locating said first (2, 3) and second components (3, 2) by means of the walls of the conical pivot axis aperture (8) of the first component (2, 3) interacting with the external conical bearing surface of the conical structural feature (13) through the interposed rigid bushing (17).
The automotive hinge of Claim 1, wherein the conical structural feature (13) is machined, forged or cast in the base material of the first or second component of the hinge.
The automotive hinge of Claim 1, wherein the conical structural feature (13) comprises a distal end and further comprises an outward step (21) proximate said distal end, said step (21) being configured to retain the rigid bushing (17).
The automotive hinge of Claim 1, wherein the first component (2, 3) and the second component (3, 2) are retained in assembly by a bolt (19) configured to thread coaxially into an internally threaded feature (14) in the conical structural feature (13).
The automotive hinge of Claim 1, wherein the first component (2, 3) and the second component (3, 2) are retained in assembly by a clip, nut or other similar mechanical fastening means.
The automotive hinge of Claim 1, wherein said lubricating coating or film comprises the polymer PTFE.
An automotive hinge (1) comprising:

(a) a first component (2, 3) adapted to be mounted to a vehicular closure panel (4) or to a vehicular body structure (19), said first component (2, 3) comprising a conical pivot axis aperture (8);

(b) a second component (3, 2) adapted to be mounted to a vehicular body structure (19) or to a vehicular closure panel (4), said second component comprising a pivot arm (7, 12);

(c) the first component (2, 3) and the second component (3, 2) being adapted to rotate about a pivot axis;

(d) the second component (3, 2) comprising an upstanding, conical structural feature (13), wrought from the base material of the second component (3, 2) extending from the second component (3, 2) and adapted to be coaxially aligned with the pivot axis and structurally fixed to the pivot arm (7, 12) of the first component (2,3);

(e) said first component conical pivot axis aperture (8) comprising an internal conical bearing surface;

(f) a rigid bushing (17) configured to fit into the conical pivot axis aperture (8);

(g) said rigid bushing (17) comprising an externally facing surface (26) comprising a lubricating coating or film adapted to contact said internal conical bearing surface of the conical pivot axis aperture (8);

(h) said rigid bushing (17) further comprising a split line (20) and an unlubricated internally facing surface to facilitate clamping of said bushing onto the conical structural feature (13);

(i) said rigid bushing (17) further comprising a base comprising a horizontal surface configured substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of said bushing, said horizontal surface (16) being adapted to carry vertical hinge loadings;

such that when the hinge (1) is assembled, the first component (2, 3) interleaves over the second component (3, 2), dimensionally locating said first and second components (2, 3) by means of the outer surface (29) of the conical structural feature (13) of the second component (3, 2) interacting with the internal conical bearing surface through the interposed rigid bushing (17).
The automotive hinge of Claim 7, wherein the conical structural feature is machined, forged or cast in the base material of the first or second component (2, 3) of the hinge (1).
The automotive hinge of Claim 7, wherein the conical structural feature (13) comprises a distal end and further comprises an outward step (21) proximate said distal end, said step (21) being configured to retain the rigid bushing (17)
The automotive hinge of Claim 7, wherein the first component (2, 3) and the second component (3, 2) are retained in assembly by a bolt (19) configured to thread coaxially into an internally threaded feature (14) in the conical structural feature (13).
The automotive hinge of Claim 7, wherein the first component (2, 3) and the second component (3, 2) are retained in assembly by a clip, nut or other similar mechanical fastening means.