EP1328687B1 - Device and method for producing columns of particulate matter in the ground of bodies of water - Google Patents

Device and method for producing columns of particulate matter in the ground of bodies of water Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1328687B1
EP1328687B1 EP01988804A EP01988804A EP1328687B1 EP 1328687 B1 EP1328687 B1 EP 1328687B1 EP 01988804 A EP01988804 A EP 01988804A EP 01988804 A EP01988804 A EP 01988804A EP 1328687 B1 EP1328687 B1 EP 1328687B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
material tank
closure
opening
chamber
tank
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EP01988804A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1328687A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander Degen
Wilhelm Degen
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Vibroflotation BV
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Vibroflotation BV
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
    • E02D15/06—Placing concrete under water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/46—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making in situ by forcing bonding agents into gravel fillings or the soil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for producing columns of material in the soil, in particular in the soil of waters, e.g. on the seabed.
  • a device with a deep vibrator for the production of columns of material in the ground is for example from DE 197 07 687 Cl known.
  • the 198 14 021 A1 describes a device for the production of columns of material in the soil, which has a Tiefenillerttler and connected to the depth shaker extension tube, which can be acted upon by an overpressure.
  • Upstream of the extension tube is a lock chamber having a first closure disposed between the lock chamber and the extension tube and having a second closure on a side remote from the extension tube.
  • the material to be introduced into the soil for example concrete or gravel, passes via the second closure into the first lock chamber, from where it passes into the overpressure extension pipe when the first and the second closure are closed.
  • the overpressure in the extension tube serves to counteract a water pressure at the tip of the deep vibrator and thereby expel the material at the vibrator tip.
  • Such deep vibrators are also referred to as lock vibrators.
  • the DE 198 14 021 A1 describes a device for introducing a foreign substance in soils or for compaction of the soil.
  • the device has a deep vibrator, which is coupled via an extension tube to a lock chamber.
  • the lock chamber has a lower closure between the chamber and the extension tube and an upper closure between the chamber and a funnel used to supply the material.
  • DE 30 24 791 A1 describes a device for the treatment of substandard ground having a plurality of agitator shafts driven by a drive unit so that adjacent stirrer shafts rotate in opposite directions and serve to mix a solidifying agent introduced into the ground with the subfloor.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a device for the production of columns of material in the soil of waters, especially in waters with great depths available.
  • the apparatus comprises a first and a second material tank, which are connected to each other, and a deep vibrator for discharging material into the ground, which is connected to the second material tank on.
  • a first closure is arranged between the first and second material tanks.
  • a first supply line for supplying material and a second supply line or a pressure equalization line for effecting a pressure equalization in the first material tank is connected.
  • the deep vibrator and the first and second material tank are under water, so they are under a pressure which is higher than the air pressure at the water surface.
  • the first feed tube serves to convey the material to be introduced into the soil from a reservoir on the water surface, for example on a ship, under pressure into the first material tank.
  • the second tube which is preferably also led to the water surface, allows a pressure equalization between the air pressure at the water surface and the first material tank.
  • the pressure in the first supply line for feeding the material, such as gravel or concrete must therefore be chosen only high enough to promote the material at atmospheric pressure with sufficient speed. This pressure is usually less than 7.5 bar. The prevailing in the water ambient pressure of the first material tank is irrelevant.
  • the pressure equalization in the first material tank by means of the second line causes the first supply line to be fed to the material under atmospheric pressure first material tank can be used a hose designed for pressures sufficient for conveying material ashore. There is no need to use expensive special hoses designed for high pressures.
  • floats are preferably arranged in this area of the line.
  • At least one further closure exists between the first and second Supply line and at least a portion of the first material tank is arranged.
  • second and third shutters are disposed between the first supply line and the first material tank and between the second supply line and the first material tank, each being opened when material is supplied to the first material tank via the first supply line.
  • the first closure between the first and second material tanks can be opened, the material via the latter usually being supplied to the deep vibrator via a pipe reaching into the depth.
  • a compressor is connected to the second material tank in order to build up a pressure in the second material tank which is greater than the water pressure at the tip of the deep vibrator, whereby the material can escape at the tip of the deep vibrator.
  • the closing of the second and third shutters upon opening the first closure causes the pressure in the second material tank to be maintained - a pressure equalization takes place only with the limited volume of the first chamber instead of - so that no dirt from the soil, in which the tip of the deep vibrator is located, is sucked.
  • the compressor is also connected to the first material tank, whereby in the first material tank after closing the first and second closures, a pressure can be built up corresponding to the pressure in the second material tank.
  • the supports of the first closure between the first and second material tanks which is designed, for example, as a slide, are thereby relieved when the first closure is opened. This is particularly useful and may be necessary when working at great depths and a correspondingly large pressure in the second material tank for discharging the material is required.
  • the first material tank has a first chamber into which the first and second supply line open, and a second chamber, wherein a further closure between the first and second chamber is arranged and wherein the first closure between the second Chamber of the first material tank and the second material tank is arranged.
  • the further closure is thus arranged between the first and second supply lines and the second chamber of the first material tank. Closures between each of the supply lines and the first material tank may be dispensed with in this embodiment.
  • the first chamber of the first material tank is in this embodiment permanently under atmospheric pressure, which is generated by the pressure equalization line.
  • the second chamber of the first material tank which is separated from the first chamber by the further closure, acts as a pressure lock, into which material is introduced from the first chamber during operation with the other closure open and the first closure closed. After closing the further closure, the material passes from the second Chamber in the second material tank, via which it passes, usually via a delivery pipe, to the top of the Tiefenrüttlers and is introduced from there into the ground.
  • the amount of material that is supplied at a time to the second material tank and discharged from there into the ground determined by the volume of the second chamber, which fills completely when opening the other closure, when the volume of the in the first chamber reserved material is greater than the maximum volume of the second chamber.
  • the first closure between the first and second material tanks and / or the further closure between the first and second chambers of the first material tank are preferably designed as slides or have a displaceable closure element.
  • a first pressure compensation element between the first and second Material tank and a second pressure compensation element between the first and second chambers of the first material tank arranged.
  • the first pressure compensation element is designed to effect a pressure equalization between the second material tank and the first material tank or the second chamber of the first material tank before opening the first closure
  • the second pressure compensation element is configured before opening the further closure between the first and second chamber of the first material tank to effect a pressure equalization between these two chambers.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is furthermore a process for the production of columns of material in the soil of waters according to claims 15 to 18.
  • FIG. 1 shows an overall view of a device for introducing columns of material, in particular gravel columns, in the soil of water, especially in the seabed. Such columns serve to stiffen a soft soil layer 14 and are usually propelled in depth to an underlying solid soil layer 15.
  • the consolidation of the seabed is required, for example, for the construction of drilling platforms with foundations on the seabed.
  • the device according to the invention is in the example according to FIG. 1 by means of a rope 12 suspended in height movable on the boom 20 of a cable 2, the crawler 2 floats on a pontoon 1 on the water surface 100.
  • the device has a first material tank 8 and a second material tank 10, wherein between the first and second material tank 8, 10, a first closure 9 is arranged.
  • a delivery pipe 10a connects at the bottom, at the end of a deep vibrator 11 is arranged, wherein in the bottom 14 to be introduced material via a pipe 17 a Trottlerspitze 18 can be supplied.
  • a first supply line 5 is connected, which is connected at an end facing away from the first material tank 8 to a material reservoir 3 with a pressure tank 4, which is also located on the pontoon 1 in the embodiment.
  • a pressure tank 4 which is also located on the pontoon 1 in the embodiment.
  • second supply line 6 is connected, the end facing away from the first material tank 8 in the embodiment above the water surface 100 opens.
  • a snorkel 7 is arranged in the embodiment, which prevents the entry of water into the supply line 6 and is formed for example as a ball valve.
  • float 13a, 13b which consist for example of styrofoam or other material with high buoyancy, arranged on the supply lines 5, 6.
  • any further measures are conceivable for the end of the pressure equalization line 6 facing away from the first material tank 8 above the water surface hold. This end may for example also be attached to the pontoon above the water surface. On a ball valve can be omitted.
  • a second closure 16b is provided between the first supply line 5 and the first material tank 8, and a third closure 16a is provided between the second supply line 6 and the first material tank 8.
  • the second (air) supply line or pressure equalization line 6 allows a pressure equalization of the interior of the first material tank 8 with the atmospheric pressure at the water surface 100, wherein the first closure 9 between the first and second material tank 8, 10 is preferably closed.
  • the second closure 16b is open, the material to be introduced into the soil, for example gravel, can be introduced into the first material tank 8 via the first supply line 5.
  • the depth of water in which it is possible to work with the device according to the invention is limited only by the stability of the first and second supply lines 5, 6, which are usually designed as hoses.
  • hoses are used in which metal spirals are incorporated between a rubber sheath and a rubber sheath, wherein the metal spirals increase the stability of the hose against crushing due to the water pressure and allow working depths of over 100m.
  • special hoses working depths of 200m and more are possible.
  • a standard for the Kiesransport hose is for example the model FS3320 Semperit.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of the device according to the invention comprising the first material tank 8 and the upper portion of the second material tank 10.
  • the first and second tubes open at the top into the first material tank and can be closed by first and second closures 16b, 16a.
  • closures 16b, 16a are in FIG. 2 shown as flaps, but they can have any other configuration.
  • a closure assembly 9 which has a partition wall 97 with an opening 98, wherein a sliding in the partition wall closure element 90 is provided.
  • the closure element is displaceably mounted transversely to a material flow direction R, which is predetermined by the direction of a material flowing from the first into the second material tank when the closure 9 is open.
  • the closure element is as out FIG. 3 can be seen in the embodiment in plan view rectangular and has an opening 91 in one half.
  • shifting the closure element 90 can either half without opening in the opening 98 of the partition 97 are pushed to close the closure, or the opening can be made at least partially with the opening 98 of the partition to cover to open the shutter 9.
  • the closure element 90 is hydraulically displaceable.
  • two hydraulic units 93, 95 are provided in the example, each having a hydraulic cylinder 92, 94, wherein in each case a hydraulic cylinder 92, 94 is attached to one end of the closure element 90.
  • FIG. 5 shows in plan view another embodiment in which the hydraulic units 93, 95 are arranged transversely to the direction of movement B offset next to the closure element 90.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 92, 94 is coupled via a coupling element 92 ', 94' to one of the narrow sides of the closure element.
  • the hydraulic units are designed such that their hydraulic cylinders engage on the same narrow side of the closure element 90.
  • a method for producing columns of material in the ground 14 by means of the in FIG. 2 illustrated device will be explained briefly with reference to the figure.
  • material is pumped under pressure from the reservoir 3.4 via the first supply line 5 into the first material tank 8.
  • a usual pressure for conveying the material in the first supply line 5 is about 3-6 bar.
  • the second and third shutters 16b, 16a are closed and then the third shutter 9 is opened, to bring the material of the first material tank in the second material tank 10 and from there via the conveying pipe 10 a and the connecting line 17 to the top of the deep vibrator 11, where it exits into the ground and is compacted by means of the vibrator 11.
  • the connected conveyor pipe 10a and the feed tube 17 there is a pressure which is greater than the ambient pressure at the material outlet opening 18 at the tip of the deep vibrator 11, to cause the material to exit. This pressure is generated by means of a compressor not shown in detail in the figure, which is connected to the second material tank 10.
  • this compressor or a second compressor is connected to the first material tank 8, after closing the second and third shutters 16b, 16a to the supply lines 5, 6 and before opening the first shutter 9 to the second material tank 10, a pressure in the first material tank 8, which corresponds to the higher pressure in the second material tank 10.
  • this does not result in a pressure drop in the second material tank when the first closure 9 is opened, and on the other hand, the bearings of the first closure 9 or of the closure element 90 become in accordance with FIG FIG. 2 less loaded in a non-existing pressure difference between the first and second material tank 8, 10.
  • this Druckau stresses between the first and the second material tank 8, 10 may even be necessary, since at large pressure differences hydraulic cylinder for moving the slider 9 may provide sufficient force available.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the inventive device for producing columns of material in the soil of waters.
  • the first material tank 8 has a first chamber 81, into which the first and second supply lines 5, 6 open, and a second chamber, wherein a further closure 46 is arranged between the first and second chambers, and wherein the first closure 9 between the second chamber 82 of the first material tank 8 and the second material tank 10 is arranged.
  • the structure of the further closure 46 corresponds in the illustrated embodiment, the first closure, its structure and operation already above in connection with the Figures 2 . 3 and 5 was explained.
  • the closure likewise has a partition wall 47 with an opening 48 and a closure element 40 which can be displaced in the dividing wall by means of hydraulic units 43, 42 and 45, 44 and has an opening 41.
  • FIG. 4 In the embodiment according to FIG. 4 , whose operation will be explained below, can be dispensed with separate closures for the supply lines 5, 6.
  • the function of this in the FIGS. 1 and 2 16b, 16a designated closures is taken over by the further closure 46 between the first and second chambers 81, 82.
  • the first chamber 81 in which there is atmospheric pressure via the pressure equalization line, is supplied with material, in particular sand, gravel or the like.
  • the material supply can take place uninterrupted and is only limited by the maximum capacity of the first chamber 81.
  • the further closure 46 is opened when the first closure 9 is closed, in order to introduce material from the first chamber 81 into the second chamber 82 located therebelow.
  • the further closure 46 preferably remains open until the second chamber is completely filled and is then closed.
  • the first closure 9 is opened in order to introduce the material from the second chamber of the first material tank 8 into the second material tank 10 under overpressure and from there into the ground.
  • the amount of material entering the second material tank after opening the second closure is approximately determined by the volume of the second chamber 82.
  • the volume of this second chamber 82 is preferably less than that of the first chamber 81 to hold sufficient material in the first chamber 81 for rapidly filling the second chamber 82 after opening the other closure.
  • a first pressure compensation element between the second material tank 10 and the second chamber 82 is provided which FIG. 4 is shown only schematically as a line connection 50 with a valve 51.
  • a pressure equalization between the second material tank 10 and the second chamber 82 is made before opening the first closure.
  • the resulting pressure loss in the second material tank is usually small, since the volume of the second chamber 82 is usually much smaller than that of the second material tank 10.
  • the pressure in the second material tank 10 is permanently readjusted by the compressor.
  • a pressure which is usually much higher than atmospheric pressure is present between the first and second chamber, which in FIG. 4 schematically is shown as a conduit 60 with a valve 61 and which serves, after emptying of the second chamber 82 and reclosing the first closure 9 to make a pressure equalization between the first chamber 81 and the second chamber 10 before the closure 46 for re-material supply in the second chamber 82 is opened again. This measure reduces the load on the bearings and the hydraulics of the closure 46.
  • a non-illustrated, connected to the hydraulic device is present, which causes an operation, in particular an opening of the closures can only take place when a pressure equalization has taken place.
  • closures 9, 46 between the first and second material tank 8, 10 and between the first and second chambers 81, 82 as closures with sliding closure elements 90, 40 represents only one possible embodiment of the closures. Of course, any other closures in Useful in connection with the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for producing columns of material in the ground, especially in the ground under bodies of water, comprising the following: a first material tank (8) and a second material tank (10) connected to the first tank; a deep vibrator element (11) connected to the second material tank (10), a first supply lane (5) connected to the first material tank (8) and used to supply material; a second supply line (6) connected to the first material tank (8) and used to equalize pressure in the first material tank (8). The invention also relates to the production of a column of material in the ground.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Materialsäulen im Boden, insbesondere im Boden von Gewässern, z.B. am Meeresgrund.The present invention relates to a device for producing columns of material in the soil, in particular in the soil of waters, e.g. on the seabed.

Eine Vorrichtung mit einem Tiefenrüttler zur Herstellung von Materialsäulen im Boden ist beispielsweise aus der DE 197 07 687 Cl bekannt.A device with a deep vibrator for the production of columns of material in the ground is for example from DE 197 07 687 Cl known.

Des weiteren ist in der 198 14 021 A1 eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Materialsäulen im Boden beschrieben, die einen TiefenrÜttler und ein mit dem Tiefenrüttler verbundenes Verlängerungsrohr aufweist, welches mit einem Überdruck beaufschlagt werden kann. An das Verlängerungsrohr schließt sich nach oben eine Schleusenkammer an, die einen ersten Verschluss aufweist, der zwischen der Schleusenkammer und dem Verlängerungsrohr angeordnet ist, und die einen zweiten Verschluss an einer dem Verlängerungsrohr abgewandten Seite aufweist. Über den zweiten Verschluss gelangt bei der bekannten Vorrichtung das in den Boden einzubringende Material, beispielsweise Beton oder Kies, in die erste Schleusenkammer, von wo es bei geschlossenem ersten und geöffnetem zweiten Verschluss in das unter Überdruck stehende Verlängerungsrohr gelangt. Der Überdruck in dem Verlängerungsrohr dient dazu, einem Wasserdruck an der Spitze des Tiefenrüttlers entgegenzuwirken und dadurch das Material an der Rüttlerspitze auszubringen. Derartige Tiefenrüttler werden auch als Schleusenrüttler bezeichnet.Furthermore, in the 198 14 021 A1 describes a device for the production of columns of material in the soil, which has a Tiefenrätttler and connected to the depth shaker extension tube, which can be acted upon by an overpressure. Upstream of the extension tube is a lock chamber having a first closure disposed between the lock chamber and the extension tube and having a second closure on a side remote from the extension tube. In the known device, the material to be introduced into the soil, for example concrete or gravel, passes via the second closure into the first lock chamber, from where it passes into the overpressure extension pipe when the first and the second closure are closed. The overpressure in the extension tube serves to counteract a water pressure at the tip of the deep vibrator and thereby expel the material at the vibrator tip. Such deep vibrators are also referred to as lock vibrators.

Die DE 198 14 021 A1 beschreibt ein Gerät zum Einbringen eines Fremdstoffes in Böden oder zur Verdichtung des Bodens. Das Gerät weist einen Tiefenrüttler auf, der über ein Verlängerungsrohr an eine Schleusenkammer angekoppelt ist. Die Schleusenkammer weist einen unteren Verschluss zwischen der Kammer und dem Verlängerungsrohr und einen oberen Verschluss zwischen der Kammer und einem der Materialzufuhr dienenden Trichter auf.The DE 198 14 021 A1 describes a device for introducing a foreign substance in soils or for compaction of the soil. The device has a deep vibrator, which is coupled via an extension tube to a lock chamber. The The lock chamber has a lower closure between the chamber and the extension tube and an upper closure between the chamber and a funnel used to supply the material.

DE 30 24 791 A1 beschreibt eine Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von minderwertigem Untergrund, die mehrere Rührerwellen aufweist, die von einer Antriebseinheit so angetrieben werden, dass einander benachbarte Rührerwellen sich in entgegengesetzter Richtung drehen und die dazu dienen, ein in den Boden eingebrachtes Verfestigungsmittel mit dem Unterboden zu vermischen. DE 30 24 791 A1 describes a device for the treatment of substandard ground having a plurality of agitator shafts driven by a drive unit so that adjacent stirrer shafts rotate in opposite directions and serve to mix a solidifying agent introduced into the ground with the subfloor.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Materialsäulen im Boden von Gewässern, insbesondere in Gewässern mit großen Tiefen zur Verfügung zu stellen.The present invention has for its object to provide a device for the production of columns of material in the soil of waters, especially in waters with great depths available.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by a device according to the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist einen ersten und einen zweiten Materialtank, die miteinander verbunden sind, und einen Tiefenrüttler zum Ausbringen von Material in den Boden, der mit dem zweiten Materialtank verbunden ist, auf. Zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Materialtank ist dabei ein erster Verschluss angeordnet. An den ersten Materialtank ist eine erste Zuführleitung zum Zuführen von Material und eine zweite Zuführleitung bzw. eine Druckausgleichsleitung zum Bewirken eines Druckausgleichs in dem ersten Materialtank angeschlossen.The apparatus according to the invention comprises a first and a second material tank, which are connected to each other, and a deep vibrator for discharging material into the ground, which is connected to the second material tank on. In this case, a first closure is arranged between the first and second material tanks. To the first material tank, a first supply line for supplying material and a second supply line or a pressure equalization line for effecting a pressure equalization in the first material tank is connected.

Bei dem Einbringen von Materialsäulen im Boden von Gewässern befinden sich der Tiefenrüttler und der erste und zweite Materialtank unter Wasser, sie stehen damit unter einem Druck, der höher als der Luftdruck an der Wasseroberfläche ist. Der erste Zuführschlauch dient dabei dazu, das in den Boden einzubringende Material von einem Reservoir an der Wasseroberfläche, beispielsweise auf einem Schiff, unter Druck in den ersten Materialtank zu fördern. Der zweite Schlauch, der vorzugsweise ebenfalls bis an die Wasseroberfläche geführt ist, ermöglicht einen Druckausgleich zwischen dem Luftdruck an der Wasseroberfläche und dem ersten Materialtank. Der Druck in der ersten Zuführleitung zur Zuführung des Materials, beispielsweise Kies oder Beton, muss somit nur ausreichend hoch gewählt werden, um das Material bei atmosphärischem Luftdruck mit ausreichender Geschwindigkeit zu fördern. Dieser Druck liegt üblicherweise bei weniger als 7,5 bar. Der im Wasser herrschende Umgebungsdruck des ersten Materialtanks ist dabei unerheblich.In the introduction of columns of material in the bottom of waters, the deep vibrator and the first and second material tank are under water, so they are under a pressure which is higher than the air pressure at the water surface. The first feed tube serves to convey the material to be introduced into the soil from a reservoir on the water surface, for example on a ship, under pressure into the first material tank. The second tube, which is preferably also led to the water surface, allows a pressure equalization between the air pressure at the water surface and the first material tank. The pressure in the first supply line for feeding the material, such as gravel or concrete, must therefore be chosen only high enough to promote the material at atmospheric pressure with sufficient speed. This pressure is usually less than 7.5 bar. The prevailing in the water ambient pressure of the first material tank is irrelevant.

Der Druckausgleich in dem ersten Materialtank mittels der zweiten Leitung bewirkt, dass für die erste, Zuführleitung zur Zuführung das Materials in den unter Atmosphärendruck stehenden ersten Materialtank ein Schlauch verwendet werden kann, der für Drücke ausgelegt ist, die für Förderung von Material an Land genügen. Es müssen keine teuren Spezialschläuche verwendet werden, die für hohe Drücke ausgelegt sind.The pressure equalization in the first material tank by means of the second line causes the first supply line to be fed to the material under atmospheric pressure first material tank can be used a hose designed for pressures sufficient for conveying material ashore. There is no need to use expensive special hoses designed for high pressures.

Um das dem ersten Materialtank abgewandte Ende der zweiten Zuführleitung an der Wasseroberfläche zu halten sind vorzugsweise Schwimmer in diesem Bereich der Leitung angeordnet.In order to keep the end of the second supply line facing away from the first material tank at the water surface, floats are preferably arranged in this area of the line.

Um zu verhindern, dass der in dem zweiten Materialtank während des Betriebs vorhandene und für das Ausbringen des Materials in den Boden erforderliche Überdruck bei Öffnen des ersten Verschlusses über die Druckausgleichleitung abgebaut wird, ist vorzugsweise wenigstens ein weiterer Verschluss vorhanden, der zwischen der ersten und zweiten Zuführleitung und wenigstens einem Bereich des ersten Materialtanks angeordnet ist.In order to prevent the overpressure existing in the second material tank during operation and required for discharging the material into the soil when the first closure is opened via the pressure equalization line, preferably at least one further closure exists between the first and second Supply line and at least a portion of the first material tank is arranged.

Bei einer Ausführungsform sind zwischen der ersten Zuführleitung und dem ersten Materialtank und zwischen der zweiten Zuführleitung und dem ersten Materialtank zweite und dritte Verschlüsse angeordnet, die jeweils geöffnet sind, wenn Material über die erste Zuführleitung dem ersten Materialtank zugeführt wird. Werden der zweite und dritte Verschluss geschlossen, kann der erste Verschluss zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Materialtank geöffnet werden, wobei das Material über letzteren üblicherweise über ein in die Tiefe reichendes Rohr dem Tiefenrüttler zugeführt wird. An den zweiten Materialtank ist dabei ein Kompressor angeschlossen, um in dem zweiten Materialtank einen Druck aufzubauen, der größer als der Wasserdruck an der Spitze des Tiefenrüttlers ist, wodurch das Material an der Spitze des Tiefenrüttlers austreten kann. Das Schließen der zweiten und dritten Verschlüsse bei Öffnen des ersten Verschlusses bewirkt, dass der Druck in dem zweiten Materialtank aufrecht erhalten bleibt - ein Druckausgleich findet nur mit dem begrenzten Volumen der ersten Kammer statt - so dass kein Schmutz aus dem Boden, in dem sich die Spitze des Tiefenrüttlers befindet, eingesaugt wird.In one embodiment, second and third shutters are disposed between the first supply line and the first material tank and between the second supply line and the first material tank, each being opened when material is supplied to the first material tank via the first supply line. When the second and third shutters are closed, the first closure between the first and second material tanks can be opened, the material via the latter usually being supplied to the deep vibrator via a pipe reaching into the depth. In this case, a compressor is connected to the second material tank in order to build up a pressure in the second material tank which is greater than the water pressure at the tip of the deep vibrator, whereby the material can escape at the tip of the deep vibrator. The closing of the second and third shutters upon opening the first closure causes the pressure in the second material tank to be maintained - a pressure equalization takes place only with the limited volume of the first chamber instead of - so that no dirt from the soil, in which the tip of the deep vibrator is located, is sucked.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Kompressor auch an den ersten Materialtank angeschlossen ist, wodurch in dem ersten Materialtank nach dem Schließen der ersten und zweiten Verschlüsse ein Druck aufgebaut werden kann, der dem Druck in dem zweiten Materialtank entspricht. Die Auflager des ersten Verschlusses zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Materialtank, der beispielsweise als Schieber ausgebildet ist, sind beim Öffnen des ersten Verschlusses dadurch entlastet. Dies ist insbesondere dann sinnvoll und unter Umständen notwendig, wenn in großen Tiefen gearbeitet wird und ein entsprechend großer Druck in dem zweiten Materialtank zum Ausbringen des Materials erforderlich ist.According to a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the compressor is also connected to the first material tank, whereby in the first material tank after closing the first and second closures, a pressure can be built up corresponding to the pressure in the second material tank. The supports of the first closure between the first and second material tanks, which is designed, for example, as a slide, are thereby relieved when the first closure is opened. This is particularly useful and may be necessary when working at great depths and a correspondingly large pressure in the second material tank for discharging the material is required.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der erste Materialtank eine erste Kammer, in die die erste und zweite Zuführleitung münden, und eine zweite Kammer aufweist, wobei ein weiterer Verschluss zwischen der ersten und zweiten Kammer angeordnet ist und wobei der erste Verschluss zwischen der zweiten Kammer des ersten Materialtanks und dem zweiten Materialtank angeordnet ist. Der weitere Verschluss ist damit zwischen den ersten und zweiten Zuführleitungen und der zweiten Kammer des ersten Materialtanks angeordnet. Auf Verschlüsse zwischen jeder der Zuführleitungen und dem ersten Materialtank kann bei dieser Ausführungsform verzichtet werden. Die erste Kammer des ersten Materialtanks befindet sich bei dieser Ausführungsform dauerhaft unter Atmosphärendruck, der durch die Druckausgleichsleitung erzeugt wird. Die zweite Kammer des ersten Materialtanks, die durch den weiteren Verschluss von der ersten Kammer getrennt ist, wirkt als Druckschleuse, in die während des Betriebs Material aus der ersten Kammer bei geöffnetem weiteren Verschluss und geschlossenem ersten Verschluss eingebracht wird. Nach dem Schließen des weiteren Verschlusses gelangt das Material aus der zweiten Kammer in den zweiten Materialtank, über welchen es, üblicherweise über ein Förderrohr, an die Spitze des Tiefenrüttlers gelangt und von dort in den Boden eingebracht wird.In a further embodiment it is provided that the first material tank has a first chamber into which the first and second supply line open, and a second chamber, wherein a further closure between the first and second chamber is arranged and wherein the first closure between the second Chamber of the first material tank and the second material tank is arranged. The further closure is thus arranged between the first and second supply lines and the second chamber of the first material tank. Closures between each of the supply lines and the first material tank may be dispensed with in this embodiment. The first chamber of the first material tank is in this embodiment permanently under atmospheric pressure, which is generated by the pressure equalization line. The second chamber of the first material tank, which is separated from the first chamber by the further closure, acts as a pressure lock, into which material is introduced from the first chamber during operation with the other closure open and the first closure closed. After closing the further closure, the material passes from the second Chamber in the second material tank, via which it passes, usually via a delivery pipe, to the top of the Tiefenrüttlers and is introduced from there into the ground.

Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist die Materialmenge, die jeweils auf einmal dem zweiten Materialtank zugeführt und von dort in den Boden ausgebracht wird, bestimmt durch das Volumen der zweiten Kammer, die sich bei Öffnen des weiteren Verschlusses vollständig füllt, wenn das Volumen des in der ersten Kammer vorgehaltenen Materials größer als das maximale Volumen der zweiten Kammer ist. Hierdurch kann auf einfache Weise die Menge des bereits in den Boden ausgebrachten Materials ermittelt werden.In this embodiment, the amount of material that is supplied at a time to the second material tank and discharged from there into the ground, determined by the volume of the second chamber, which fills completely when opening the other closure, when the volume of the in the first chamber reserved material is greater than the maximum volume of the second chamber. As a result, the amount of material already applied to the soil can be determined in a simple manner.

Der erste Verschluss zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Materialtank und/oder der weitere Verschluss zwischen der ersten und zweiten Kammer des ersten Materialtanks sind vorzugsweise als Schieber ausgebildet bzw. weisen eine verschiebbares Verschlusselement auf.The first closure between the first and second material tanks and / or the further closure between the first and second chambers of the first material tank are preferably designed as slides or have a displaceable closure element.

Um die Lager dieser Schieber bzw. verschiebbaren Verschlusselemente beim Öffnen durch die Druckunterschiede zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Materialtank und/oder zwischen der ersten und zweiten Kammer des ersten Materialtanks nicht zu überlasten, sind bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ein erstes Druckausgleichselement zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Materialtank und ein zweites Druckausgleichselement zwischen der ersten und zweiten Kammer des ersten Materialtanks angeordnet. Das erste Druckausgleichselement ist dazu ausgebildet, vor dem Öffnen des ersten Verschlusses einen Druckausgleich zwischen dem zweiten Materialtank und dem ersten Materialtank bzw. der zweiten Kammer des ersten Materialtanks zu bewirken, und das zweite Druckausgleichselement ist dazu ausgebildet vor dem Öffnen des weiteren Verschlusses zwischen der ersten und zweiten Kammer des ersten Materialtanks einen Druckausgleich zwischen diesen beiden Kammern zu bewirken.In order not to overload the bearings of these slides or sliding closure elements when opening by the pressure differences between the first and second material tank and / or between the first and second chambers of the first material tank, in one embodiment of the invention, a first pressure compensation element between the first and second Material tank and a second pressure compensation element between the first and second chambers of the first material tank arranged. The first pressure compensation element is designed to effect a pressure equalization between the second material tank and the first material tank or the second chamber of the first material tank before opening the first closure, and the second pressure compensation element is configured before opening the further closure between the first and second chamber of the first material tank to effect a pressure equalization between these two chambers.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist des weiteren ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Materialsäulen im Boden von Gewässern gemäß den Ansprüchen 15 bis 18.The subject matter of the present invention is furthermore a process for the production of columns of material in the soil of waters according to claims 15 to 18.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in Figuren näher erläutert. In den Figuren zeigt:

Figur 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Materialsäulen im Boden in Gesamtdarstellung,
Figur 2
einen Abschnitt der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem ersten und zweiten Materialtank gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Figur 3
eine Draufsicht auf ein verschiebbares Verschlusselement und dessen Betätigungseinrichtung,
Figur 4
einen Abschnitt der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem ersten und zweiten Materialtank gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Figur 5
eine Draufsicht auf ein verschiebbares Verschlusselement und dessen Betätigungseinrichtung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform.
The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments in FIGS. In the figures shows:
FIG. 1
an apparatus according to the invention for the production of columns of material in the soil in general presentation,
FIG. 2
a section of the device according to the invention with a first and second material tank according to a first embodiment,
FIG. 3
a top view of a sliding closure element and its actuator,
FIG. 4
a section of the device according to the invention with a first and second material tank according to a second embodiment,
FIG. 5
a plan view of a sliding closure element and its actuating device according to another embodiment.

In den Figuren bezeichnen, sofern nicht anders angegeben gleiche Bezugszeichen gleiche Teile mit gleicher Bedeutung. Figur 1 zeigt in Gesamtdarstellung eine Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von Materialsäulen, insbesondere von Kiessäulen, in den Boden von Gewässern, insbesondere in den Meeresboden. Derartige Säulen dienen zum versteifen einer weichen Bodenschicht 14 und werden in der Tiefe üblicherweise bis zu einer darunter liegenden festen Bodenschicht 15 vorangetrieben. Die Verfestigung des Meeresbodens ist beispielsweise für den Bau von Bohrplattformen mit Fundamenten am Meeresgrund erforderlich.In the figures, unless otherwise stated, like reference numerals designate like parts with the same meaning. FIG. 1 shows an overall view of a device for introducing columns of material, in particular gravel columns, in the soil of water, especially in the seabed. Such columns serve to stiffen a soft soil layer 14 and are usually propelled in depth to an underlying solid soil layer 15. The consolidation of the seabed is required, for example, for the construction of drilling platforms with foundations on the seabed.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist in dem Beispiel gemäß Figur 1 mittels eines Seils 12 in der Höhe verfahrbar am Ausleger 20 eines Seilbaggers 2 aufgehängt, wobei der Seilbagger 2 auf einem Ponton 1 auf der Wasseroberfläche 100 schwimmt.The device according to the invention is in the example according to FIG. 1 by means of a rope 12 suspended in height movable on the boom 20 of a cable 2, the crawler 2 floats on a pontoon 1 on the water surface 100.

Die Vorrichtung weist einen ersten Materialtank 8 und einen zweiten Materialtank 10 auf, wobei zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Materialtank 8, 10 ein erster Verschluss 9 angeordnet ist. An den zweiten Materialtank 10 schließt sich nach unten ein Förderrohr 10a an, an dessen Ende ein Tiefenrüttler 11 angeordnet ist, wobei in den Boden 14 einzubringendes Material über ein Rohr 17 einer Rüttlerspitze 18 zugeführt werden kann.The device has a first material tank 8 and a second material tank 10, wherein between the first and second material tank 8, 10, a first closure 9 is arranged. At the second material tank 10, a delivery pipe 10a connects at the bottom, at the end of a deep vibrator 11 is arranged, wherein in the bottom 14 to be introduced material via a pipe 17 a Rüttlerspitze 18 can be supplied.

An den ersten Materialtank 8 ist eine erste Zuführleitung 5 angeschlossen, die an einem dem ersten Materialtank 8 abgewandten Ende an ein Materialreservoir 3 mit einem Drucktank 4 angeschlossen ist, das sich in dem Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls auf dem Ponton 1 befindet. An den ersten Materialtank 8 ist des weiteren eine als Druckausgleichsleitung dienende zweite Zuführleitung 6 angeschlossen, deren dem ersten Materialtank 8 abgewandtes Ende in dem Ausführungsbeispiel oberhalb der Wasseroberfläche 100 mündet. An diesem Ende der Zuführleitung 6 ist in dem Ausführungsbeispiel ein Schnorchel 7 angeordnet, der den Eintritt von Wasser in die Zuführleitung verhindert 6 und beispielsweise als Kugelventil ausgebildet ist.To the first material tank 8, a first supply line 5 is connected, which is connected at an end facing away from the first material tank 8 to a material reservoir 3 with a pressure tank 4, which is also located on the pontoon 1 in the embodiment. To the first material tank 8 further serving as a pressure equalization line second supply line 6 is connected, the end facing away from the first material tank 8 in the embodiment above the water surface 100 opens. At this end of the supply line 6, a snorkel 7 is arranged in the embodiment, which prevents the entry of water into the supply line 6 and is formed for example as a ball valve.

Um Abschnitte der Zuführleitungen 5, 6 an der Wasseroberfläche 100 zu halten sind Schwimmer 13a, 13b, die beispielsweise aus Styropor oder einem anderen Material mit großem Auftrieb bestehen, an den Zuführleitungen 5, 6 angeordnet.In order to hold portions of the supply lines 5, 6 at the water surface 100 are float 13a, 13b, which consist for example of styrofoam or other material with high buoyancy, arranged on the supply lines 5, 6.

Neben einem Schwimmer sind beliebige weitere Maßnahmen denkbar, um das dem ersten Materialtank 8 abgewandte Ende der Druckausgleichsleitung 6 oberhalb der Wasseroberfläche zu halten. Dieses Ende kann beispielsweise auch an dem Ponton oberhalb der Wasseroberfläche befestigt sein. Auf ein Kugelventil kann dabei verzichtet werden.In addition to a float, any further measures are conceivable for the end of the pressure equalization line 6 facing away from the first material tank 8 above the water surface hold. This end may for example also be attached to the pontoon above the water surface. On a ball valve can be omitted.

Bei einer Ausführungsform, die insbesondere in Figur 2 im Detail dargestellt ist, ist zwischen der ersten Zuführleitung 5 und dem ersten Materialtank 8 ein zweiter Verschluss 16b und zwischen der zweiten Zuführleitung 6 und dem ersten Materialtank 8 ein dritter Verschluss 16a vorgesehen. Bei geöffnetem zweiten Verschluss 16a ermöglicht die zweite (Luft)zuführleitung oder Druckausgleichsleitung 6 einen Druckausgleich des Inneren des ersten Materialtanks 8 mit dem Atmosphärendruck an der Wasseroberfläche 100, wobei der erste Verschluss 9 zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Materialtank 8, 10 dabei vorzugsweise geschlossen ist. Bei geöffnetem zweiten Verschluss 16b kann das in den Boden einzubringende Material, beispielsweise Kies, über die erste Zuführleitung 5 in den ersten Materialtank 8 eingebracht werden.In one embodiment, in particular in FIG. 2 is shown in detail, a second closure 16b is provided between the first supply line 5 and the first material tank 8, and a third closure 16a is provided between the second supply line 6 and the first material tank 8. When the second closure 16a is open, the second (air) supply line or pressure equalization line 6 allows a pressure equalization of the interior of the first material tank 8 with the atmospheric pressure at the water surface 100, wherein the first closure 9 between the first and second material tank 8, 10 is preferably closed. When the second closure 16b is open, the material to be introduced into the soil, for example gravel, can be introduced into the first material tank 8 via the first supply line 5.

Wegen des in dem ersten Materialtank 8 herrschenden Atmosphärendrucks kann die Förderung des Materials in der ersten Zuführleitung 5 unabhängig von der Wassertiefe bei denselben Druckverhältnissen wie an Land erfolgen. Dies bedeutet, dass zur Erzeugung eines geeigneten Förderdrucks in dem Vorratstank 4 handelsübliche Kompressoren verwendet werden können, die beispielsweise in der Lage sind maximal einen Druck von etwa 7,5 bar in dem Vorratstank 4 aufzubauen. Müsste mit dem Förderdruck des Materials auch der Wasserdruck in der Tiefe des ersten Materialtanks 8 überwunden werden, wären teure Spezialkompressoren für hohe Drücke zur Förderung des Materials erforderlich. Außerdem ist es vorteilhaft, den Kies in der Zuführleitung 5 bei möglichst geringen Drücken zu fördern, da zum Fördern des Kieses ein möglichst großer Luftstrom erforderlich ist, der aufgrund der Kompressibilität der Luft bei hohen Drücken nicht mehr ausreichend zur Verfügung steht. Das Vorherrschen von Atmosphärendruck in dem ersten Materialtank 8 während des Einbringens von Material ist damit aus mehreren Gründen besonders vorteilhaft.Because of the prevailing in the first material tank 8 atmospheric pressure, the promotion of the material in the first supply line 5, regardless of the depth of the water at the same pressure conditions as on land done. This means that 4 commercially available compressors can be used to generate a suitable discharge pressure in the storage tank, which are for example able to build up a maximum pressure of about 7.5 bar in the storage tank 4. If the water pressure in the depth of the first material tank 8 had to be overcome with the delivery pressure of the material, expensive special compressors for high pressures would be required to convey the material. In addition, it is advantageous to promote the gravel in the supply line 5 at the lowest possible pressures, since for conveying the gravel the largest possible air flow is required, which is no longer sufficiently available due to the compressibility of the air at high pressures. The prevalence of atmospheric pressure in the first Material tank 8 during the introduction of material is thus particularly advantageous for several reasons.

Der Wassertiefe, in der mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gearbeitet werden kann, ist nur durch die Stabilität der ersten und zweiten Zuführleitung 5, 6, die üblicherweise als Schläuche ausgebildet sind, Grenzen gesetzt. Vorzugsweise werden Schläuche verwendet, bei denen Metallspiralen zwischen einen Gummimantel und eine Gummiseele eingearbeitet sind, wobei die Metallspiralen die Stabilität des Schlauches gegenüber Quetschungen aufgrund des Wasserdrucks erhöhen und Arbeitstiefen von über 100m ermöglichen. Bei Verwendung von Spezialschläuchen sind Arbeitstiefen von 200m und mehr möglich. Ein für den Kiestransport üblicher Schlauch ist beispielsweise das Modell FS3320 der Firma Semperit.The depth of water in which it is possible to work with the device according to the invention is limited only by the stability of the first and second supply lines 5, 6, which are usually designed as hoses. Preferably, hoses are used in which metal spirals are incorporated between a rubber sheath and a rubber sheath, wherein the metal spirals increase the stability of the hose against crushing due to the water pressure and allow working depths of over 100m. When using special hoses working depths of 200m and more are possible. A standard for the Kiesransport hose is for example the model FS3320 Semperit.

Figur 2 zeigt in Querschnittsdarstellung einen Abschnitt der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, der den ersten Materialtank 8 und den oberen Bereich des zweiten Materialtanks 10 umfasst. Der erste und zweite Schlauch münden an der Oberseite in den ersten Materialtank und sind durch erste und zweite Verschlüsse 16b, 16a verschließbar. Diese Verschlüsse 16b, 16a sind in Figur 2 als Klappen dargestellt, sie können jedoch eine beliebige andere Ausgestaltung besitzen. Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2 ist zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Materialtank eine Verschlussanordnung 9 vorgesehen, die eine Trennwand 97 mit einer Öffnung 98 aufweist, wobei ein in der Trennwand verschiebbares Verschlusselement 90 vorgesehen ist. Das Verschlusselement ist dabei quer zu einer Materialflussrichtung R, die durch die Richtung eines bei geöffnetem Verschluss 9 von dem ersten in den zweiten Materialtank fließenden Materials vorgegeben ist, verschiebbar gelagert. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of the device according to the invention comprising the first material tank 8 and the upper portion of the second material tank 10. The first and second tubes open at the top into the first material tank and can be closed by first and second closures 16b, 16a. These closures 16b, 16a are in FIG. 2 shown as flaps, but they can have any other configuration. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2 is provided between the first and second material tank, a closure assembly 9, which has a partition wall 97 with an opening 98, wherein a sliding in the partition wall closure element 90 is provided. The closure element is displaceably mounted transversely to a material flow direction R, which is predetermined by the direction of a material flowing from the first into the second material tank when the closure 9 is open.

Das Verschlusselement ist, wie aus Figur 3 ersichtlich ist, in dem Ausführungsbeispiel in Draufsicht rechteckig ausgebildet und weist in einer Hälfte eine Öffnung 91 auf. Durch Verschieben des Verschlusselementes 90 kann entweder die Hälfte ohne Öffnung in die Öffnung 98 der Trennwand 97 geschoben werden, um den Verschluss zu schließen, oder die Öffnung kann wenigstens teilweise mit der Öffnung 98 der Trennwand zur Deckung gebracht werden, um den Verschluss 9 zu öffnen.The closure element is as out FIG. 3 can be seen in the embodiment in plan view rectangular and has an opening 91 in one half. By shifting the closure element 90 can either half without opening in the opening 98 of the partition 97 are pushed to close the closure, or the opening can be made at least partially with the opening 98 of the partition to cover to open the shutter 9.

Das Verschlusselement 90 ist hydraulisch verschiebbar. Hierzu sind in dem Beispiel zwei Hydraulikeinheiten 93, 95 vorgesehen, die jeweils einen Hydraulikzylinder 92, 94 aufweisen, wobei jeweils ein Hydraulikzylinder 92, 94 an einem Ende des Verschlusselements 90 befestigt ist.The closure element 90 is hydraulically displaceable. For this purpose, two hydraulic units 93, 95 are provided in the example, each having a hydraulic cylinder 92, 94, wherein in each case a hydraulic cylinder 92, 94 is attached to one end of the closure element 90.

Bei dem Beispiel gemäß Figur 3 sind die Hydraulikeinheiten 93, 95 in der Bewegungsrichtung B in Verlängerung zu dem Verschlusselement 9, 40 angeordnet. Figur 5 zeigt in Draufsicht eine andere Ausgestaltung, bei welcher die Hydraulikeinheiten 93, 95 quer zu der Bewegungsrichtung B versetzt neben dem Verschlusselement 90 angeordnet sind. Je ein Hydraulikzylinder 92, 94 ist über ein Kopplungselement 92', 94' an eine der schmalen Seiten des Verschlusselements gekoppelt. Die Hydraulikeinheiten sind bei einer anderen, nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform, so ausgebildet dass deren Hydraulikzylinder an derselben schmalen Seite des Verschlusselements 90 angreifen.In the example according to FIG. 3 the hydraulic units 93, 95 in the direction of movement B in extension to the closure element 9, 40 are arranged. FIG. 5 shows in plan view another embodiment in which the hydraulic units 93, 95 are arranged transversely to the direction of movement B offset next to the closure element 90. Depending on a hydraulic cylinder 92, 94 is coupled via a coupling element 92 ', 94' to one of the narrow sides of the closure element. In another embodiment, not shown, the hydraulic units are designed such that their hydraulic cylinders engage on the same narrow side of the closure element 90.

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Materialsäulen in dem Boden 14 mittels der in Figur 2 dargestellten Vorrichtung wird nachfolgend anhand der Figur kurz erläutert. Zunächst wird bei geschlossenem ersten Verschluss 9 und geöffneten zweiten und dritten Verschlüssen 16b, 16a Material unter Druck aus dem Reservoir 3,4 über die erste Zuführleitung 5 in den ersten Materialtank 8 gepumpt. In dem ersten Materialtank 8 herrscht aufgrund der Verbindung über die zweite Zuführleitung 6 zur Wasseroberfläche 100 Atmosphärendruck. Ein üblicher Druck zur Förderung des Materials in der ersten Zuführleitung 5 beträgt etwa 3-6 bar.A method for producing columns of material in the ground 14 by means of the in FIG. 2 illustrated device will be explained briefly with reference to the figure. First, with the first closure 9 closed and the second and third closures 16b, 16a opened, material is pumped under pressure from the reservoir 3.4 via the first supply line 5 into the first material tank 8. In the first material tank 8 prevails due to the connection via the second supply line 6 to the water surface 100 atmospheric pressure. A usual pressure for conveying the material in the first supply line 5 is about 3-6 bar.

Anschließend werden die zweiten und dritten Verschlüsse 16b, 16a geschlossen und danach der dritte Verschluss 9 geöffnet, um das Material des ersten Materialtanks in den zweiten Materialtank 10 und von dort über das Förderrohr 10a und die Verbindungsleitung 17 an die Spitze des Tiefenrüttlers 11 zu bringen, wo es in den Boden austritt und mittels des Rüttlers 11 verdichtet wird. In dem zweiten Materialtank 10, dem angeschlossenen Förderrohr 10a und dem Zuführrohr 17 herrscht dabei ein Druck, der größer ist als der Umgebungsdruck an der Materialaustrittsöffnung 18 an der Spitze des Tiefenrüttlers 11, um das Austreten des Materials zu bewirken. Dieser Druck wird mittels eines in der Figur nicht näher dargestellten Kompressors erzeugt, der an den zweiten Materialtank 10 angeschlossen ist. Vorzugsweise ist dieser Kompressor oder ein zweiter Kompressor an den ersten Materialtank 8 angeschlossen, um nach dem Schließen der zweiten und dritten Verschlüsse 16b, 16a zu den Zuführleitungen 5, 6 und noch vor dem Öffnen des ersten Verschlusses 9 zu dem zweiten Materialtank 10 einen Druck in dem ersten Materialtank 8 aufzubauen, der dem höheren Druck in dem zweiten Materialtank 10 entspricht. Dadurch kommt es zum einen nicht zu einem Druckabfall in dem zweiten Materialtank bei Öffnen des ersten Verschlusses 9 und zum anderen werden die Lager des ersten Verschlusses 9 bzw. des Verschlusselements 90 gemäß Figur 2 bei einem nicht vorhandenen Druckunterschied zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Materialtank 8, 10 weniger belastet. Beim Arbeiten in großen Tiefen kann dieser Druckaugleich zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Materialtank 8, 10 sogar erforderlich sein, da bei großen Druckunterschieden Hydraulikzylinder zum Bewegen des Schiebers 9 unter Umständen keine ausreichende Kraft zur Verfügung stellen.Subsequently, the second and third shutters 16b, 16a are closed and then the third shutter 9 is opened, to bring the material of the first material tank in the second material tank 10 and from there via the conveying pipe 10 a and the connecting line 17 to the top of the deep vibrator 11, where it exits into the ground and is compacted by means of the vibrator 11. In the second material tank 10, the connected conveyor pipe 10a and the feed tube 17 there is a pressure which is greater than the ambient pressure at the material outlet opening 18 at the tip of the deep vibrator 11, to cause the material to exit. This pressure is generated by means of a compressor not shown in detail in the figure, which is connected to the second material tank 10. Preferably, this compressor or a second compressor is connected to the first material tank 8, after closing the second and third shutters 16b, 16a to the supply lines 5, 6 and before opening the first shutter 9 to the second material tank 10, a pressure in the first material tank 8, which corresponds to the higher pressure in the second material tank 10. On the one hand, this does not result in a pressure drop in the second material tank when the first closure 9 is opened, and on the other hand, the bearings of the first closure 9 or of the closure element 90 become in accordance with FIG FIG. 2 less loaded in a non-existing pressure difference between the first and second material tank 8, 10. When working at great depths, this Druckaugleich between the first and the second material tank 8, 10 may even be necessary, since at large pressure differences hydraulic cylinder for moving the slider 9 may provide sufficient force available.

Figur 4 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Materialsäulen im Boden von Gewässern. Bei dieser Ausführungsform weist der erste Materialtank 8 eine erste Kammer 81, in welche die erste und zweite Zuführleitung 5, 6 münden, und eine zweite Kammer auf, wobei ein weiterer Verschluss 46 zwischen der ersten und zweiten Kammer angeordnet ist und wobei der erste Verschluss 9 zwischen der zweiten Kammer 82 des ersten Materialtanks 8 und dem zweiten Materialtank 10 angeordnet ist. FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the inventive device for producing columns of material in the soil of waters. In this embodiment, the first material tank 8 has a first chamber 81, into which the first and second supply lines 5, 6 open, and a second chamber, wherein a further closure 46 is arranged between the first and second chambers, and wherein the first closure 9 between the second chamber 82 of the first material tank 8 and the second material tank 10 is arranged.

Der Aufbau des weiteren Verschlusses 46 entspricht bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel dem ersten Verschluss, dessen Aufbau und Funktionsweise bereits oben im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 2,3 und 5 erläutert wurde. Der Verschluss weist ebenfalls eine Trennwand 47 mit einer Öffnung 48 und einem in der Trennwand mittels Hydraulikeinheiten 43, 42 und 45, 44 verschiebbaren, eine Öffnung 41 aufweisenden Verschlusselement 40 auf.The structure of the further closure 46 corresponds in the illustrated embodiment, the first closure, its structure and operation already above in connection with the Figures 2 . 3 and 5 was explained. The closure likewise has a partition wall 47 with an opening 48 and a closure element 40 which can be displaced in the dividing wall by means of hydraulic units 43, 42 and 45, 44 and has an opening 41.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 4, dessen Funktionsweise im folgenden erläutert wird, kann auf gesonderte Verschlüsse für die Zuführleitungen 5, 6 verzichtet werden. Die Funktion dieser in den Figuren 1 und 2 mit 16b, 16a bezeichneten Verschlüssen wird durch den weiteren Verschluss 46 zwischen der ersten und zweiten Kammer 81, 82 übernommen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 4 , whose operation will be explained below, can be dispensed with separate closures for the supply lines 5, 6. The function of this in the FIGS. 1 and 2 16b, 16a designated closures is taken over by the further closure 46 between the first and second chambers 81, 82.

Während des Betriebs wird der ersten Kammer 81, in der über die Druckausgleichsleitung Atmosphärendruck herrscht, Material, insbesondere Sand, Kies oder dergleichen, zugeführt. Die Materialzufuhr kann dabei ununterbrochen erfolgen und ist nur durch das maximale Fssungsvermögen der ersten Kammer 81 begrenzt. In einem nächsten Verfahrenschritt wird der weitere Verschluss 46 bei geschlossenem ersten Verschluss 9 geöffnet, um Material aus der ersten Kammer 81 in die darunter liegende zweite Kammer 82 einzubringen. Der weitere Verschluss 46 bleibt vorzugsweise so lange geöffnet, bis die zweite Kammer vollständig gefüllt ist und wird dann geschlossen.During operation, the first chamber 81, in which there is atmospheric pressure via the pressure equalization line, is supplied with material, in particular sand, gravel or the like. The material supply can take place uninterrupted and is only limited by the maximum capacity of the first chamber 81. In a next method step, the further closure 46 is opened when the first closure 9 is closed, in order to introduce material from the first chamber 81 into the second chamber 82 located therebelow. The further closure 46 preferably remains open until the second chamber is completely filled and is then closed.

Nach dem Schließen des weiteren Verschlusses 46 wird der erste Verschluss 9 geöffnet, um das Material aus der zweiten Kammer des ersten Materialtanks 8 in den unter Überdruck stehenden zweiten Materialtank 10 und von dort in den Boden einzubringen. Die nach dem Öffnen des zweiten Verschlusses in den zweiten Materialtank gelangende Materialmenge ist in etwa bestimmt durch das Volumen der zweiten Kammer 82. Das Volumen dieser zweiten Kammer 82 ist vorzugsweise geringer als das der ersten Kammer 81, um in der ersten Kammer 81 genügend Material zum raschen Füllen der zweiten Kammer 82 nach dem Öffnen des weiteren Verschlusses vorhalten zu können. Mit jedem Öffnen des ersten Verschlusses 9 wird dem zweiten Materialtank 10 die gleiche in den Boden auszubringende Materialzange zugeführt, was vorteilhaft bei der Ermittlung des zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt bereits in den Boden eingebrachten Materials ist.After closing the further closure 46, the first closure 9 is opened in order to introduce the material from the second chamber of the first material tank 8 into the second material tank 10 under overpressure and from there into the ground. The amount of material entering the second material tank after opening the second closure is approximately determined by the volume of the second chamber 82. The volume of this second chamber 82 is preferably less than that of the first chamber 81 to hold sufficient material in the first chamber 81 for rapidly filling the second chamber 82 after opening the other closure. Each time the first closure 9 is opened, the same material tongs to be applied to the bottom are fed to the second material tank 10, which is advantageous in determining the material already introduced into the soil at a certain point in time.

Nach der Materialzufuhr und dem Schließen des weiteren Verschlusses 46 herrscht in der zweiten Kammer zunächst Atmosphärendruck oder zumindest ein Druck, der geringer als der Druck in .dem zweiten Materialtank ist. Um Lager des ersten Verschlusses 9, in dem Beispiel nach Figur 4 das Lager des Verschlusselements 90, und die Hydraulik durch den bestehenden Druckunterschied in der zweiten Kammer 82 und dem zweiten Materialtank 10 nicht zu überlasten, ist vorzugsweise ein erstes Druckausgleichselement zwischen dem zweiten Materialtank 10 und der zweiten Kammer 82 vorgesehen, das in Figur 4 lediglich schematisch als Leitungsverbindung 50 mit einem Ventil 51 dargestellt ist. Über dieses Druckausgleichselement wird vor dem Öffnen des ersten Verschlusses ein Druckausgleich zwischen dem zweiten Materialtank 10 und der zweiten Kammer 82 hergestellt. Der daraus resultierende Druckverlust in dem zweiten Materialtank ist üblicherweise gering, da das Volumen der zweiten Kammer 82 üblicherweise wesentlich kleiner als das des zweiten Materialtanks 10 ist. Im übrigen wird durch den Kompressor der Druck in dem zweiten Materialtank 10 permanent nachgeregelt.After the material supply and the closing of the further closure 46 prevails in the second chamber first atmospheric pressure or at least a pressure which is lower than the pressure in .the second material tank. By bearings of the first shutter 9, in the example after FIG. 4 the bearing of the closure member 90, and the hydraulics by the existing pressure difference in the second chamber 82 and the second material tank 10 not to overload, preferably a first pressure compensation element between the second material tank 10 and the second chamber 82 is provided which FIG. 4 is shown only schematically as a line connection 50 with a valve 51. About this pressure compensation element, a pressure equalization between the second material tank 10 and the second chamber 82 is made before opening the first closure. The resulting pressure loss in the second material tank is usually small, since the volume of the second chamber 82 is usually much smaller than that of the second material tank 10. Moreover, the pressure in the second material tank 10 is permanently readjusted by the compressor.

Nach dem Öffnen des ersten Verschlusses 9 bzw. nach dem Druckausgleich herrscht in der zweiten Kammer ein Druck, der üblicherweise wesentlich höher als Atmosphärendruck ist. Vorzugsweise ist auch zwischen der ersten und zweiten Kammer ein Druckausgleichelement vorhanden, das in Figur 4 schematisch als Leitung 60 mit einem Ventil 61 dargestellt ist und das dazu dient, nach dem Leeren der zweiten Kammer 82 und dem Wiederschließen des ersten Verschlusses 9 einen Druckausgleich zwischen der ersten Kammer 81 und der zweiten Kammer 10 herzustellen, bevor der Verschluss 46 zur erneuten Materialzuführung in die zweite Kammer 82 wieder geöffnet wird. Diese Maßnahme reduziert die Belastung für die Lager und die Hydraulik des Verschlusses 46.After opening the first closure 9 or after the pressure equalization prevails in the second chamber, a pressure which is usually much higher than atmospheric pressure. Preferably, a pressure compensation element is present between the first and second chamber, which in FIG. 4 schematically is shown as a conduit 60 with a valve 61 and which serves, after emptying of the second chamber 82 and reclosing the first closure 9 to make a pressure equalization between the first chamber 81 and the second chamber 10 before the closure 46 for re-material supply in the second chamber 82 is opened again. This measure reduces the load on the bearings and the hydraulics of the closure 46.

Vorzugsweise ist eine nicht näher dargestellte, an die Hydraulik angeschlossene Einrichtung vorhanden, die bewirkt, dass eine Betätigung, insbesondere ein Öffnen der Verschlüsse erst dann erfolgen kann, wenn ein Druckausgleich stattgefunden hat.Preferably, a non-illustrated, connected to the hydraulic device is present, which causes an operation, in particular an opening of the closures can only take place when a pressure equalization has taken place.

Die in den Figuren 2 und 4 dargestellte Ausbildung der Verschlüsse 9, 46 zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Materialtank 8, 10 bzw. zwischen der ersten und zweiten Kammer 81, 82 als Verschlüsse mit verschiebbaren Verschlusselementen 90, 40 stellt lediglich eine mögliche Ausbildung der Verschlüsse dar. Selbstverständlich sind beliebige andere Verschlüsse im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung verwendbar.The in the Figures 2 and 4 illustrated embodiment of the closures 9, 46 between the first and second material tank 8, 10 and between the first and second chambers 81, 82 as closures with sliding closure elements 90, 40 represents only one possible embodiment of the closures. Of course, any other closures in Useful in connection with the invention.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

22
BaugerätConstruction Equipment
3, 43, 4
Materialreservoirmaterial reservoir
55
erste Zuführleitungfirst supply line
66
Zweite ZuführleitungSecond supply line
77
Schnorchelsnorkel
88th
erster Materialtankfirst material tank
99
erster Verschlussfirst closure
1010
zweiter Materialtanksecond material tank
1111
Tiefenrüttlerdeep vibrator
1212
Seilrope
13a, 13b13a, 13b
Schwimmerswimmer
1414
Weicher BodenSoft ground
1515
Fester BodenSolid ground
16a16a
dritter Verschlussthird lock
16b16b
zweiter Verschlusssecond closure
1717
Zuführleitungfeed
1818
Spitze des TiefenrüttlersTip of the deep patter
2020
Auslegerboom
4646
weiterer Verschlussanother closure
40, 9040, 90
Verschlusselementeclosure elements
41, 9141, 91
Öffnungen der VerschlusselementeOpenings of the closure elements
42, 4442, 44
Hydraulikzylinderhydraulic cylinders
43, 4543, 45
Hydraulikeinheitenhydraulic units
47, 9747, 97
Trennwändepartitions
48, 9848, 98
Öffnungenopenings
92, 9492, 94
Hydraulikzylinderhydraulic cylinders
93, 9593, 95
Hydraulikeinheitenhydraulic units
100100
Wasseroberflächewater surface
RR
MaterialflussrichtungMaterial flow direction

Claims (18)

  1. A device for producing material columns in the ground below waters, comprising the following features:
    - a first material tank (8), and a second material tank (10) that is connected with the first material tank,
    - a deep vibrator (11) that is connected with the second material tank (10),
    - a first supply line (5) for supplying material, that is connected to the first material tank (8),
    characterized by
    - a second supply line (6) that is connected to the first material tank (8) for effecting a pressure equalization in the first material tank (8),
    - a first closure means (9) provided between the first material tank (8) and the second material tank (10).
  2. Device according to Claim 1, wherein floats (13a) are provided in the area of an end of the second supply line (6) opposite to the first material tank (8).
  3. Device according to Claim 1, wherein at least one additional closure means (16b, 16a; 46) is provided, which is provided between the first and second supply lines (5, 6) and at least an area (8; 82) of the first material tank (8).
  4. Device according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a second closure means (16b) is provided between the first material tank (8) and the first supply line (5) and a third closure means (16a) is provided between the second supply line (6) and the first material tank (8).
  5. Device according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the first material tank (8) includes a first chamber (81), in which the first and second supply lines (5, 6) end, and a second chamber (82), wherein a further closure means (46) is provided between the first and second chamber (80, 81) and wherein the first closure means (9) is provided between the second chamber (82) of the first material tank (8) and the second material tank (10).
  6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a material supply device (3, 4) is connected to the first supply line (5) on the end opposite the first material tank (8).
  7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the compressor is also connected to the first material tank (8) .
  8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first and second supply lines (5, 6) are designed for discharge pressures of less than 7.5 bar.
  9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the third closure means (9) includes a closure element (90), which is mounted slideable transverse to the direction (R) of material flowing from the first to the second material tank (8, 9).
  10. Device according to Claim 9, in which the first closure means between the first and second material tank (8, 10) includes a separating wall (97) with an opening (98), wherein the closure element (90) is mounted slideable in the separating wall (97).
  11. Device according to Claim 9 or 10, in which the closure element (90) is plate shaped and includes a closed area and an area with an opening (91), wherein the closure element (90) is mounted such that for opening the closure means (9) the opening (98) can be brought to at least partially overlap with the opening of the separating wall.
  12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the additional closure means (46) includes a closure element (40), which is mounted slideable transverse to a direction of flow (R) of material from the first chamber (81) to the second chamber (82) of the first material tank (8).
  13. Device according to Claim 12, in which the additional closure means between the first and second chamber (81, 82) of the first material tank (8) includes a separating wall (47) with an opening (48), wherein the closure element (40) is mounted slideable in the separating wall (47).
  14. Device according to Claim 12 or 13, in which the closure element (90) is plate shaped and includes a closed area and an area with an opening (91), wherein the opening (98) for opening of the closure means (46) can be brought into at least partial overlap with the opening of the separating wall.
  15. Method for producing material columns in the ground below waters, comprising:
    - providing a device having a first material tank (8), a second material tank (10) connected with the first material tank, a deep vibrator (11) connected with the second material tank (10), a compressor connected to the second material tank (10), a first supply line (5) and a second supply line connected to the first material tank (8), and a first closure means (9) provided between the first and the second material tank (8, 10), - supplying material to the first material tank (8) via the first supply line (5),
    - closing of first and second closures (16a, 16b) between the first and second supply lines (5, 6) and the first material tank (8),- producing pressure in the second material tank (10), - opening the first closure means (9) between the first and second material tank (8, 10).
  16. Method according to Claim 15, in which following the closure of the first and second closure means (16a, 16b) and prior to the opening of the third closure means (9) a pressure is established in the first material tank (8).
  17. Method for producing material columns in the ground below waters, comprising:
    - providing a device having a first material tank (8), a second material tank (10) connected with the first material tank, a deep vibrator (11) connected with the second material tank (10), a compressor connected to the second material tank (10), a first supply line (5) and a second supply line connected to the first material tank (8), and a first closure means (9) provided between the first and the second material tank (8, 10), the first material tank (8) comprising a first chamber (81) in which the first and second supply lines (5, 6) end, and a further closure (46) provided between the first and second chamber (81, 82)
    - supplying material to the first material tank (8) via the first supply line (5),
    - opening the further closure (46) with the first closure (9) being closed, for supplying material to the second chamber (92),
    - producing pressure in the second material tank (10),
    - opening the first closure means (9) between the first and second material tank (8, 10) and closing the further closure (46) prior to opening the first closure (9).
  18. Method according to one of claims 15 to 17, in which the pressure produced in the first and/or second material tank (8, 10) is greater than the water pressure at the material outlet opening at a tip (18) of the deep vibrator (11).
EP01988804A 2000-10-27 2001-10-26 Device and method for producing columns of particulate matter in the ground of bodies of water Expired - Lifetime EP1328687B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10053427A DE10053427C2 (en) 2000-10-27 2000-10-27 Device and method for producing columns of material in the bottom of water
DE10053427 2000-10-27
PCT/EP2001/012456 WO2002035013A1 (en) 2000-10-27 2001-10-26 Device and method for producing columns of materials in the ground of bodies of water

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EP1328687A1 EP1328687A1 (en) 2003-07-23
EP1328687B1 true EP1328687B1 (en) 2009-04-15

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EP (1) EP1328687B1 (en)
KR (1) KR100801350B1 (en)
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DE (2) DE10053427C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2325116T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1054975A1 (en)
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US7226246B2 (en) 2000-06-15 2007-06-05 Geotechnical Reinforcement, Inc. Apparatus and method for building support piers from one or successive lifts formed in a soil matrix
GB0905663D0 (en) * 2009-04-01 2009-05-13 Marine Current Turbines Ltd Methods of and apparatus for the installation of columns/piles
EP2258903A1 (en) 2009-06-02 2010-12-08 Keller Holding gmbh Method and assembly for producing vibration sand piles on the beds of water bodies
WO2012171527A2 (en) * 2011-06-15 2012-12-20 Alexander Degen Method for ground probing
JP6316619B2 (en) * 2014-03-04 2018-04-25 鹿島建設株式会社 Concrete placement system and concrete placement method
FR3024168B1 (en) * 2014-07-23 2017-10-13 Soletanche Freyssinet METHOD FOR CONSOLIDATING A FURNITURE BLOCK WITH REINFORCING COLUMNS
JP6275795B1 (en) * 2016-10-11 2018-02-07 洋伸建設株式会社 Tremy placing device and its placing method
EP3533932B1 (en) * 2018-03-01 2020-07-15 BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH Method and system for creating a foundation element in the ground

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DE3024791A1 (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-01-21 Takenaka Komuten Co. Ltd., Osaka Poor subsoil treating appts. - has blender agitating shafts attached to cylinders equipped with setting agent feeding devices
JPH0324791A (en) * 1989-06-22 1991-02-01 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Sheath member for electronic apparatus
DE19707687C1 (en) 1997-02-26 1998-10-15 Wilhelm Dr Degen Device for producing columns of material in the floor
DE19814021A1 (en) 1998-03-30 1999-10-14 Degen Wilhelm Device for introducing a foreign substance into soils or for compacting the soil
DE19914021C2 (en) * 1999-03-19 2002-01-31 Siemens Ag Multi-pole, permanently excited rotor for a rotating electrical machine and method for producing such a rotor
US6517292B1 (en) * 1999-09-01 2003-02-11 Richard E Landau Apparatus to form columns of granular material

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ES2325116T3 (en) 2009-08-26
US20040074560A1 (en) 2004-04-22
KR20030070017A (en) 2003-08-27
ATE428828T1 (en) 2009-05-15
PT1328687E (en) 2009-06-05
WO2002035013A1 (en) 2002-05-02
DE50114843D1 (en) 2009-05-28
MXPA03003660A (en) 2005-01-25
HK1054975A1 (en) 2003-12-19
US6742555B2 (en) 2004-06-01
DE10053427C2 (en) 2003-04-30
AU2002221769A1 (en) 2002-05-06
EP1328687A1 (en) 2003-07-23
DE10053427A1 (en) 2002-05-16

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