WO2012171527A2

WO2012171527A2 - Method for ground probing

Info

Publication number: WO2012171527A2
Application number: PCT/DE2012/200043
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alexander Degen; Wilhelm Degen
Original assignee: Alexander Degen; Wilhelm Degen
Priority date: 2011-06-15
Filing date: 2012-06-15
Publication date: 2012-12-20
Also published as: WO2012171527A3; US20140219726A1; EP2737132B1; HK1192596A1; DE112012002459A5; EP2737132A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a method comprising: providing a vibrator arrangement held on a carrier device, designed to penetrate the ground, and comprising a vibrator motor; inserting the vibrator arrangement into the ground, to a pre-determined depth; and determining a ground profile of the ground as the vibrator arrangement is inserted. The determination of the ground profile comprises the measurement of at least one operating parameter of the vibrator arrangement during the insertion into the ground, and the ground profile comprises a respective ground parameter for at least two different ground depths.

Description

METHOD OF SOIL SUSPENSION

The present invention relates to a method for soil probing and to a method for producing material columns in the soil after soil probing.

To improve the soil, it is generally known to use columns of material, e.g. Making gravel columns in the ground. The preparation of such columns is carried out, for example, using a vibrator arrangement with a deep vibrator, which is arranged at the lower end of a tube. The tube may be a silo tube for receiving material when the vibrator assembly is designed as a so-called sluice vibrator for making Rüttelstopfsäulen, or the tube may be an extension tube when the Rüttleranordnung is designed as a "simple deep vibrator" for use in Rütteldruckverdichtung. The vibrator assembly is attached to a support device which is capable of moving the vibrator assembly in its longitudinal direction and which comprises, for example, a leader or a support arm of an earthworks implement.

For the preparation of a column (Rüttelstopfsäule, Stopfsäule) the vibrator assembly is held by the support device to a predetermined depth in the ground. The vibrator assembly is then progressively stepped out of the ground by the support, with a desired material, such as sand or gravel, being introduced into a cavity formed after lifting below the vibrator assembly. After each introduction of material, the vibrator arrangement is lowered into the material introduced at least once, but usually several times, in order to compact it and if necessary to drive it laterally into the ground. The filler material is either introduced from the silo tube into the cavity below the vibrator or is introduced from above along an annular gap between the vibrator and the soil in the cavity below the vibrator.

A stuffing column made in this way is not a pile, but is an element for soil improvement. It therefore carries loads, such as a building, a dam, or the like, always only together with the surrounding soil. The sectioned column is ideally made so that sections in weaker (ie looser or softer) bottom layers have a larger diameter than sections in denser or stiffer layers. The diameter of a Stopfsäule can therefore vary over the length or depth depending on the nature of the surrounding soil.

In order to be able to dimension the column appropriately, depending on the soil conditions, i. To be able to realize each of the individual sections with an optimal diameter, information about the soil condition is required. These can be obtained, for example, from soil profiles obtained by core drilling or soil sounding. However, in areas of changeable geology, that is, in areas where soil conditions vary widely depending on local location, significant exploration effort may be required to obtain soil information for the positions where columns are to be made.

This effort can be omitted and the individual columns can be completely dimensioned for the expected weakest soil layer. As a result, the columns can be oversized in many places, namely wherever the surrounding soil is stronger. However, such over-dimensioning not only means additional costs in terms of the working time and the consumed filler but may also be detrimental in terms of stability. For example, if two adjacent columns in a floor zone where little improvement is needed are still made with large diameters, then the significant differences (ie the settlements between adjacent parts of the structure) for the structure created on the columns are sometimes greater than if the two Columns with optimal column thicknesses would have been carried out. For example, if in two parts of the structure the settlements are halved compared to the untreated case (the case without a column), for example for a part from originally 20 cm to 10 cm and for the other part from 10 cm to now 5 cm, then the differences are at least 5 cm. But if one set is reduced by 12 cm, from 20 cm to 8 cm and the other only by 2 cm from 10 cm to 8 cm, then in this case the differences are zero. In other words, maximum column diameters lead to minimal settlements but not always to minimal differences. Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for soil probing available that requires little additional effort, especially in the production of a column of material.

This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1. Embodiments and developments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.

An embodiment of the invention relates to a method for soil probing. The method comprises: providing a vibrator assembly supported on a support adapted to penetrate the ground and having a vibrator motor; retracting the vibrator assembly to a predetermined depth into the ground; determining a soil profile of the soil when retracting the Rüttleranordnung, wherein determining the soil profile comprises measuring at least one operating parameter of the Rüttleranordnung when entering the ground and wherein the soil profile each comprises a soil parameter for at least two different soil depths.

In this method, the vibrator arrangement, with which a column of material can be made in the soil, is used to probe the soil, i. used to determine a soil profile. Using the vibrator arrangement as bottom probe, at least approximately soil layers of different density (for example in the case of sands and gravels) or different stiffness (such as, for example, in case of silting and cleaving) can be detected and the

Layer boundaries between these different soil layers can be determined.

In one embodiment, it is provided to produce a column of material using the vibrator assembly, depending on the soil profile. The combination of determination of the soil profile during entry (the abatement fens) of the vibrator assembly into the soil and the subsequent column production depending on the soil profile leads to a fully integrated manufacturing process in which each column of material is tuned to the locally variable soil properties. This is favorable with regard to the differences in a structure created later on the columns of material. Especially with stuffing columns, this can be important. Stopfsäulen carry load only in conjunction with the soil, so in contrast to mortared or provided with other binder columns a real soil improvement and not a pile that bridges the loose or soft layers only. The present method leads to a column strength adapted to the soil strength and thus to an optimal homogenization of the settling behavior. In softer / looser soils that would settle more untreated, a stronger stuffing column provides greater stiffening, while, for example, a weaker column is produced in adjacent soil layers that are already denser / more rigid prior to column production.

The soil profile can be determined in various ways. In one example, it is envisioned that an at least approximately constant force be applied to the vibrator assembly by the carrier device upon insertion of the vibrator assembly into the ground and to measure as operating parameter a speed at which the vibrator assembly enters the ground. The vibrator arrangement moves faster into a soil layer, the less dense or the less rigid this soil layer. Thus, the entry speed can be a direct measure of the soil condition and can thus be suitable for determining the soil profile. For different soil depths, the soil profile may contain the ef fi cient wind speed determined for the particular soil depth.

In a further example for determining the soil profile, it is provided to drive the vibrator arrangement driven by the carrying device into the ground at at least approximately constant speed and to measure as operating parameter a power consumption of the vibrating motor when the vibrating device is lowered into the ground. The power consumption when entering a soil layer is less, the less dense or less each This layer of soil is stiff. Thus, the power consumption can be directly a measure of the soil condition and thus may be suitable for the determination of the soil profile. The soil profile may contain the power consumption determined for the respective soil depth for different soil depths. The vibrator motor may be an electric motor or a hydraulic motor. In an electric motor, for example, a current consumption of the motor is representative of the power consumption of the vibrator motor, while in a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic pressure necessary for driving the motor is representative of the power consumption of the vibrator motor.

In another example of determining the soil profile, it is envisaged to drive the vibrator assembly driven by the carrying device into the ground at at least approximately constant speed and to measure as an operating parameter a vibration amplitude of a tip of the vibrator assembly. This method is particularly suitable when using a vibrator arrangement with a deep vibrator. The oscillation amplitude when entering a soil layer can be higher, the less dense or the less rigid this soil layer is. Thus, the oscillation amplitude can be directly a measure of the soil condition and can thus be suitable for the determination of the soil profile. The soil profile may contain the vibration amplitude determined for the respective soil depth for different soil depths.

In principle, the soil profile may be a continuous soil profile, i. for each floor depth, an associated soil parameter is determined. However, the soil profile can also be determined so that soil parameters are determined only for given soil depths, evenly or unevenly

can be spaced.

In one embodiment, the production of the column of material is carried out depending on the soil profile such that a diameter of the column of material in a certain depth of soil depends on the soil parameters determined for this soil depth. The soil parameter determined for a certain soil depth is dependent, for example, on a soil density and / or soil mineralization. stiffness. In this case, the Matehaisäule can be prepared such that the diameter of the column of material increases with decreasing soil density and / or decreasing soil stiffness. Based on the soil profile, a column profile is determined that defines which properties the column should have at which depth. One property of the column may be its diameter, but may also be its strength.

Fabrication of the material column in one example includes making at least two segments. The manufacturing of each segment hereby comprises: a) raising the vibrator arrangement by a predetermined distance, so that a cavity is created below the vibrator arrangement; b) introducing a filling material into the cavity; c) retracting the vibrator assembly into the filler material to densify the filler material; and d) repeating the method steps a) to c) n times, with n> 0. For the production of a segment at a predetermined floor depth, the number n of repetitions in step d) can be dependent on the soil parameters determined for this soil depth , Thus, it is provided in a variant that the soil parameter is dependent on a soil density and / or a soil rigidity and that the number n of repetitions increases with decreasing soil density and / or decreasing soil stiffness. In another example, it is envisioned that so many repetitions will be performed until a desired column strength in the respective segment is achieved. The strength of the column can be determined, for example, on the basis of the power consumption of the vibrator motor. The column, or a segment is all the tighter, the higher the power consumption of the vibrator when entering the previously introduced filling material.

The vibrator assembly may be configured like a conventional vibrator assembly. In one example, it is provided that the vibrator arrangement has a vibrator tube with an upper and a lower end and a vibrator with the vibrator motor arranged on the vibrator tube. The vibrator may be formed as a deep vibrator and attached to a lower end of the vibrator tube, but may also be designed as Aufsatzrüttler and attached to an upper end of the vibrator tube. The tube can be a silo tube with a material tank which has a material outlet in the region of a lower end of the vibrator arrangement, via which filling material can be introduced into a cavity produced below the vibrator arrangement. However, the tube can also serve as a mere extension tube. In this case, filler material is introduced through a gap between the pipe and the surrounding floor in the cavity produced below the vibrator assembly. The support device may comprise a support arm of an earthworks device or may comprise a mast and a carriage movable on the mast.

Another embodiment relates to a method for producing a column of material in the ground. The method comprises providing a vibrator assembly supported on a support device and adapted to penetrate the ground, retracting the vibrator assembly into the ground, and repeatedly moving the vibrator assembly in the ground between reversal points, namely an upper reversal point and a turning point, and introducing filler into the ground in the process of the vibrator arrangement from the lower turning point to the upper turning point, and detecting a position of the vibrator arrangement in the ground. In this method, the reversal points are predetermined by a controller, and movement of the vibrator assembly between the reversal points is displayed in an electronic display panel indicating a desired direction of travel of the vibrator assembly and the position of the vibrator assembly between the reversal points.

This method enables semi-automatic yet precise production of columns of material in the soil. The method of the vibrator arrangement can be carried out manually by a device operator, but in accordance with the Anzeigevor- direction. This ensures that the Rüttleranordnung is moved between predetermined by the control reversal points, these reversal points change in the course of column production. The actual location of this Turning points in the ground do not have to be displayed and are not of interest to the operator.

Embodiments will be explained in more detail with reference to figures. The figures serve to illustrate the basic principle of the present invention, so that only the aspects necessary for understanding this basic principle are shown. The figures are not necessarily to scale. Like reference numerals designate like or equivalent parts of like or equivalent meaning.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a vibrator arrangement held by a carrying device with a deep vibrator for producing a column of material in the ground; Figure 2 illustrates a cross section through the deep vibrator;

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a vibrator arrangement with a topping vibrator for producing a column of material in the bottom; Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment in which the support device comprises a support arm of an earthworks device;

Figure 5 illustrates an embodiment in which the support device comprises a leader and a slide guided on the leader;

Figure 6 shows schematically a cross-section of a bottom with different soil layers, a soil profile of the soil, a pillar profile and a material column of varying diameter made in the soil;

Figure 7 shows another example of a soil profile based

Columns profile. shows schematically the up and down movements of the deep vibrator in a first example of a method for producing a column of material according to Figure 6 with a plurality of segments; Fig. 9 illustrates another example of a method of manufacturing a segment of a column of material;

FIG. 10 shows an example of a display for a device operator at a

semi-automatic method for producing a column of material in the ground.

For a better understanding of the invention, various embodiments of devices for producing material columns in the ground will first be explained below, which are suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. These embodiments are for better understanding and are not limiting. In principle, any device which is suitable for producing material columns, in particular stuffing columns or agglutinating columns in the ground, is suitable for carrying out the method. Figure 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of an apparatus for producing columns of material in the ground. This device comprises a vibrator assembly 1, which has a tube 1 1 with an upper and a lower end, wherein at the lower end of the material tube 1 1, a vibrator 12 is arranged. The vibrator 12 is vibration-damped in a manner not shown in detail attached to the material tube 1 1, so that vibration caused by shaking the vibrator 12 vibrations are not or at least only to a limited extent on the material tube 1 1 transmitted. The material pipe 1 1 is shown in Figure 1 - as in the still explained below Figure 2 - in cross section, the other components are shown in side view.

The tube 1 1 is formed in the illustrated example as a silo tube or material tube and has at its lower end to an outlet to which a further tube 16 is connected, which is parallel to the vibrator 12 to a tip of Rüttlers 12 is guided and in the region of the tip of the vibrator a Materia- lauslass 13 of the vibrator 1 forms. The further tube 16 may be vibration-damped attached to the material tube 1 1. The material tube 1 1 has, for example, a cylindrical geometry. The further tube 16 may, for example, be realized in such a way that it partially surrounds the vibrator 12, and then has a crescent-shaped geometry in cross-section, for example.

The vibrator 12, which is arranged at a lower end of the material tube 1 1 or the entire vibrator arrangement 1, is also referred to as a depth vibrator. This deep vibrator 12 can be designed like a conventional deep vibrator. FIG. 2 shows a cross section through this deep vibrator in a sectional plane which runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing shown in FIG.

With reference to FIG. 2, the deep vibrator has, for example, an imbalance or an eccentric 21, which is mounted rotatably about a shaft 22 in a vibrator housing. This eccentric 15 is moved during operation of the deep vibrator by a vibrator motor, such as a vibrator. a hydraulic motor or an electric motor (not shown), in rotation, whereby the Rüttlerspitze the deep vibrator 12 moves in a circular path.

Figure 3 shows a device with a Rüttleranordnung, which is designed as Aufsatzrüttler and in which the vibrator 12 is arranged on top of the tube 1 1. The vibrator 12 and the tube 1 1 are not decoupled in terms of vibration, so that shaking movements of the vibrator 12 are transmitted to the material tube. Like the deep vibrator 12 according to FIG. 1, the vibrator 12 according to FIG. 3 also has a motor (not shown) which drives the vibrator 12.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 3, the vibrator arrangement, irrespective of its specific configuration as a deep vibrator or as a top vibrator in the upper region of the material tube 11, has a material feed, which is shown only schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2 and which in the example of FIG side of the material tube 1 1 arranged material container 14 and arranged between the material container 14 and the interior of the material tube 1 1 flap 15th having. The flap 15 can be opened and closed, wherein with the flap open material G, such as gravel, gravel or sand, from the material container 14 into the interior of the material tube 1 1 can flow. In one embodiment, it is provided that when the flap 15 is closed by means of its printing device, not shown, an overpressure in the interior of the material tube 1 1, which is shown in Figure 1 in cross section, can be generated. The production of such an overpressure may be necessary, in particular, when material columns are to be produced in the ground, up to and including those

Reach groundwater levels. An overpressure is required to bring material against the pressure of groundwater in the soil.

Instead of a simple flap 15 between the material container 14 and in the interior of the material tube 1 1, a material lock (not shown) with two flaps can be provided, via which the material G is introduced into the interior of the material tube 1 1. Such a material lock can prevent a built-up in the interior of the material tube 1 1 overpressure escapes each time when material is re-supplied.

In principle, any known material feeds can be used, such as, for example, those in which material is introduced via a delivery hose under pressure directly into the material tube 1 1.

The vibrator arrangements 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 merely serve to illustrate the basic principle of vibrator arrangements. It should be pointed out that, in connection with the present invention, any vibrator arrangements, such as deep vibrators or topping vibrators, can be used, in particular vibrator arrangements with a different type of material supply or with a different type of arrangement of material pipe 11 and vibrator 12. Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the apparatus further comprises a support 2 to which the vibrator assembly is attached. This support device 2 can be realized in different ways. Figure 4 shows an embodiment of an apparatus for producing columns of material in the ground. In this device, the carrying device 2, to which the vibrator arrangement 1 is attached, comprises a support arm of an earthworks device. The vibrator arrangement is in this case at the top of the support member 21 is attached. The carrying arm can in particular be moved in such a way that it exerts a force acting on the vibrator arrangement in the longitudinal direction of the pipe 11, in order thereby to retract the vibrating arrangement 1 into the ground or to drive it out of the ground. This will be explained below. Figure 5 shows another embodiment of an apparatus for producing columns of material in the ground. The support device 2 comprises in this device a tower or broker 25, on which a carriage 24 in the longitudinal direction of the tower 25 is movable. The tower 25 can stand upright to make vertical columns in the ground. However, the tower 25 could also be inclined to the surface to make inclined columns in the floor in this case. A support member 21, which is connected to the tube 1 1, is attached to the carriage 24 so that the vibrator assembly 1 by means of the carriage 24 along the mast 25 is movable. The material tube 1 1 of the vibrator arrangement 1 runs approximately parallel to the tower 25, so that by moving the carriage 24 on the tower 25, the vibrator arrangement 1 can be moved in its longitudinal direction. To move the carriage 24, for example, a cable device with a cable 23 (shown only schematically), a gear device, or the like, is present. In particular, the carriage 24 is movable on the mast 25 in such a way that it exerts a force on the vibrator arrangement which acts in the direction of movement of the carriage 24 and thus in the longitudinal direction of the tube 11 and causes the vibrator arrangement to retract into the ground can cause. This force can be exerted, for example, by pulling the carriage 24 downwards by means of the cable 23 with a defined force on the mast 25. An earth-moving implement and a mast with a movable carriage are of course only examples of carrying devices which are suitable for moving the vibrator arrangement 1 in its longitudinal direction, ie in the longitudinal direction of the tube 11. Any other lifting units, such as lifting units with electrically driven NEN cable, belt or spindle arrangements can also be used.

FIG. 6 schematically shows a cross-section of a floor 100 in which a column of material 30 made of a filling material, such as, for example, gravel or sand, is arranged. The bottom cutout shown by way of example in FIG. 6 has a plurality of different superimposed bottom layers 101, 102, 103, 104, each of which may have different ground properties, such as density or strength. For the reasons explained at the outset, it is desirable to adapt the material column 30 to the soil properties in such a way that the material column 30 ideally has a diameter adapted to the properties of the respective bottom layer 101 - 104 in each of the individual soil layers 101 - 104. The material column 30 shown in FIG. 6 has various material column sections 31, 32, 33, 34, one of these material column sections 31 - 34 being arranged in a bottom layer 101 - 104 and having a diameter adapted to the properties of the respective bottom layers.

A method for making a material column 30 adapted to the soil properties and having a diameter varying over its length, depending on the properties of the soil surrounding the column, will be explained below.

This method includes providing a vibrator assembly supported on a support adapted to penetrate the ground and having a vibratory motor. This vibrator arrangement 1 can be designed, for example, in accordance with one of the vibrator arrangements 1 previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 to 5, which are held on a carrying device 2. The method also includes retracting the vibrator assembly 1 to a predetermined depth into the floor 100 (also shown in FIGS. 1 and 3). When the vibrator arrangement is lowered into the ground, a soil profile is determined, wherein the determination of the soil profile comprises measuring at least one operating parameter of the vibrator arrangement 1 when entering the ground 100 and wherein the soil profile each has a soil parameter P for at least two different soil depths. Such a soil profile, which assigns a soil parameter P to different soil depths of the soil 100, is shown schematically in FIG. 6 next to the soil cross section. The soil parameter P is, for example, a density or strength of the soil, but may also take into account several soil properties, such as density and strength. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the individual layers are different, so that the soil parameter P varies differently for the individual soil layers 101 -104. Of course this is just an example. It is of course also possible that two soil layers of the same property, such as two clay layers, include a layer with a different property, such as a sand layer, or that between two sandy silty soil layers, a clay layer is embedded. In the latter case, for example, it may be desirable to make smaller diameter column sections in the sandy silty layers than in the clay layer.

The method may further include manufacturing the material column 30 using the vibrator assembly 1 depending on the determined soil profile, or depending on a pillar profile created based on the soil profile. The column profile defines which properties the column should have at which depth. One property of the column may be its diameter, but may also be its strength. The material column 30 shown schematically in FIG. 6 is such a material column produced as a function of the soil profile or the pillar profile. For purposes of explanation, for example, assume that the soil parameter P represented in the soil profile of FIG. 6 represents soil density. The column 30 shown in FIG. 6 is based on a column profile in which the desired diameter of the material column 30 decreases with increasing density / strength which can be taken from the bottom profile. Here, the lowest bottom layer 104 has the highest density / strength, so that the material column section 34 produced in this bottom layer 104 has the smallest diameter. The second lowest density / strength has the uppermost bottom layer 101, so that the material column section 31 produced there has the second smallest layer 101. th diameter. The third bottom layer 103 from above, ie, starting from the surface 101, has the third largest density / strength, so that the material column section 33 produced there has the third smallest diameter, while the second bottom layer 102 has the smallest density / strength from above, so that the material column section 32 made there has the largest diameter.

As explained, the material column 30 is manufactured in several sections, whose height and position in the floor and their properties are dependent on the column profile, which can be generated on the basis of the floor profile. For example, the column profile may be derived from the soil profile such that the position of a boundary between columns of material columns in the column profile corresponds to the position of the boundary between two soil layers in the soil profile. Such a pillar profile is shown in Figure 6 next to the soil profile. In the column profile, S denotes a column property to be set, with each column depth being assigned such a column property. The pillar property may be, for example, a diameter or strength of the pillar at the respective position. FIG. 6 illustrates a material column 30 produced according to such a column profile, ie a column in which each material column section 31 - 34 is optimally adapted to the surrounding bottom layer 101 - 104, so that a boundary between two material column sections runs at the level of a boundary between two bottom layers , Within a column of material, the column has at least approximately the same properties. However, the boundary between two column sections in the column profile need not necessarily coincide with the boundary between two soil layers in the soil profile. FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a column profile which is derived from the bottom profile according to FIG. 6 and in which the boundary between two material column sections does not coincide with the boundary between two bottom layers. The material column 30 is produced in segments with a plurality of segments arranged one above the other, wherein one of the illustrated column sections 31 - 34 can consist of one or more segments. The boundaries between individual segments are defined in the column profile according to the gur 7 also shown (dotted). For example, these segments may each have the same height, but the characteristics of the individual segments may differ. In this case, taking into account the desired column height, the segment height specifies the depth positions where boundaries between two segments and thus boundaries between two columns of material can pass. The segment height may be, for example, a height between 1 m and 2 m. Which property is assigned to a segment in the pillar profile depends, for example, on the soil layer in which the segment runs largely in accordance with the soil profile.

In the method described, the vibrator arrangement 1, which must be introduced anyway into the ground 100 for the production of the material column 30, when entering the ground as a kind of ground probe, which allows a determination of the soil profile. With this method, it is possible with little effort to determine for each column to be produced exactly one soil profile of the soil surrounding the later column, so that each column can be produced optimally adapted to the respective soil conditions.

The soil profile can be determined in various ways when retracting the vibrator arrangement 1 in the soil. In one embodiment, it is provided to drive the vibrator arrangement 1, driven by the carrying device 2, into the ground 100 at approximately constant speed and thereby to measure the power consumption of the vibrator motor when the vibrator arrangement is lowered into the ground. The vibrator motor may be an electric motor or a hydraulic motor. In an electric motor, for example, a current consumption of the motor (at a known constant supply voltage of Rüttlermotors) is representative of the power consumption of Rüttlermotors, while in a hydraulic motor hydraulic pressure, which is necessary to drive the motor, is representative of the power consumption of Rüttlermotors. As a general rule, the denser / harder the ground is, the higher the power consumption of the vibrator motor is when driving in at constant speed. The power consumption of the Rüttlermotors at a certain depth of soil thus provides a direct measure of the density / strength of the soil in the respective depth, and thus directly a measure of the soil parameter P is. The vibrator assembly 1 can be driven into the ground at a constant speed both using an earthmoving implement with a support arm (such as shown in FIG. 4) and using a mast 25 with a carriage 24 (shown in FIG. 5) disposed on the mast 25 100 retracted. To determine the soil profile, only the power consumption of the vibrating motor is to be measured during the run-in, depending on the depth of the ground, and the measured values obtained for the power consumption are to be assigned to the respective soil depths. The floor depth, which is to be assigned to a specific power consumption, corresponds to the position of the tip 13 of the vibrator arrangement in the floor at the respective power consumption. The position of the vibrator tip 13 in the bottom 100, that is, the distance between the Rüttlerspitze 13 and the surface 101 can be determined in a conventional manner. When using a support device with a Erdbaugerät, for example on the basis of a support arm and a support device with a mast, for example, based on the position of the carriage 24 on the mast 25th

In another example of determining the soil profile, it is envisioned that an at least approximately constant force be applied to the vibrator assembly 1 by the carrier 2 upon insertion of the vibrator assembly 1 into the ground 100, thereby measuring a speed at which the vibrator assembly enters the ground. This speed is generally pertinent to soil conditions in that at a given soil depth the velocity decreases with increasing density / strength of the soil at the particular soil depth. The retraction speed can thus directly represent a measure of the density / strength of the soil and thus directly a measure of the soil parameter P. Both by means of a support arm of an earthworking device and by means of a carriage which can be moved on a mast, a constant force acting in the longitudinal direction of the vibrator arrangement 1 can be applied to the vibrator arrangement 1 when entering the ground. The speed can be measured, for example, by measuring the penetration depth of the vibrator arrangement at regular intervals, for example every 0.5 seconds, and measuring the difference between the penetration depth (path difference) between two Measuring time points in knowledge of the time duration between two measuring points (time difference) is closed to the speed, ie ν = Δχ / Δί, where v is the speed, Δχ the path difference and Etc is the time difference.

In a further example for determining the soil profile, it is also provided to drive the carrying device into the ground with at least approximately constant speed and thereby to measure a vibration amplitude at the tip 13 of the vibrator arrangement as an operating parameter. The oscillation amplitude can decrease with increasing strength of the soil.

An absolute value of the soil parameter P ascertained when grounding the vibrator arrangement 1 into the soil is less relevant for the later production of the material column 30 than a change of this soil parameter P over the depth x. At soil depths at which such a change occurs, as for example at the soil depths x1, x2, x3 according to FIG. 6, there is a layer boundary between two adjacent soil layers so that the soil depths at which layer boundaries between adjacent soil layers are present can be read on the basis of the soil profile are.

With reference to the above explanation, the individual sections of material pillar are made dependent on the pillar profile derived from the floor profile, the pillar pillar assigning the pillar at each depth position a property such as diameter or strength. For example, the pillar profile is formed such that the column of material 30 made therefrom has a larger diameter where the bottom profile indicates a low density / strength of the bottom and has a smaller diameter where the bottom profile has a higher density / strength of the soil indicates. Alternatively, the column profile is produced, for example, in such a way that the material column 30 produced in accordance with the column profile has a greater strength there, where the bottom profile has a low density. Te / strength of the soil indicates, and there has a lower strength, where the soil profile indicates a higher density / strength of the soil.

The production of the column of material may begin after the depth vibrator has been inserted to a predetermined depth, designated x4 in the example of FIG. 6. This maximum depth defines the bottom of the material column 30 to be produced. The production of a segment of the material column can be effected in a fundamentally known manner by raising the vibrator arrangement 1 by a predetermined distance through the support device 2, so that a cavity is created below the vibrator arrangement 1 ( Step a) by introducing a filler material G into the cavity formed by lifting the vibrator assembly 1 below the vibrator assembly 1 (step b) and retracting the vibrator assembly 1 into the introduced filler material to thereby densify the filler material G or to the side into the surrounding soil (step c). The vibrator arrangement can in this case be moved into the filling material in accordance with the distance by which it was previously lifted. These process steps, namely lifting of the vibrator arrangement, introduction of the filling material and retraction of the vibrator arrangement into the filling material can be repeated n times, with n> 0. The number n of repetition steps here depends on the desired diameter of the material column section to be produced. The larger the desired diameter, the greater the number of repetitions, the greater the diameter, the lower the previously determined density / strength of the soil. This number n of repetitions may be fixed for any desired column diameter, i. At the beginning of the production of a segment, it is already clear how many repetitions will be performed.

For example, when making a column segment having a certain strength, the number n at the beginning of production is not yet established. In this case, at each repetition, the strength of the segment is measured and no further repetition occurs when the desired strength is achieved. The strength of the column can be determined, for example, on the basis of the power consumption of the vibrator motor. The column, or a column section is the stronger, the higher the power consumption of the vibrator when entering the previously introduced filling material.

FIG. 8 shows schematically the production of a column of material. The position of the vibrator tip 13 of the vibrator arrangement 11 is shown in FIG. The process begins at a time t0 at which the vibrator tip was placed in the ground to the depth x4. Before the time t0, the introduction of the vibrator arrangement 1 into the ground takes place, for example, according to one of the previously explained methods, in which the soil profile is determined.

In the method explained with reference to FIG. 8, six segments of the material column 30 are produced, wherein in the example for producing each of these segments, the vibrator tip is raised at least twice to dispense filling material and then lowered back into the filling material. The individual segments each have the same height, which is evident from FIG. 8 in that amplitudes of an up and down movement of the vibrator tip for the production of the individual segments are the same in each case.

According to FIG. 8, a first segment is produced between the bottom depths x3 and x4, so that this segment corresponds to the material column section 34 according to FIG. Between the bottom depths x2 and x3, two further segments are produced one above the other, which form the material column section 33 according to FIG. The number of repetitions performed is greater for the segments of this material pillar portion 33 than for the material pillar portion 34, thereby making the diameter column section 33 larger in average than the material pillar portion 34. Another segment, which in the example corresponds to the material column section 32 according to FIG. 6, is produced between the floor depths x1 and x2, wherein the number of repetitions for this material column section 32 is even greater than for the material column section 33, with this material column section 32 to produce an even larger diameter, since the soil surrounding this portion 32 has the lowest density / strength. Finally, two further segments are superimposed between the bottom depths xO (the level of the surface 1 10 corresponds) and x1 produced. These two segments form the material column section 31 according to FIG. 6, which has a smaller diameter than the material column sections 32, 33, but has a larger diameter than the material column section 34.

The heights of the individual segments are determined by the distance by which the vibrator arrangement 1 is raised at the beginning of production of the respective segment with respect to the ground or with respect to the segment prepared immediately before, in order to dispense filling material. The individual segments can each be manufactured with the same height. However, depending on the nature of the soil, it is also possible to produce the individual segments with different heights, in particular in order to adapt the individual material column sections to the thickness of the individual soil layers in such a way that the optimum material column section can be determined for each soil layer.

In the method explained with reference to FIG. 8, in the manufacture of a segment, the vibrator arrangement always proceeds over the entire height (or depth) of the segment, i. the vibrator assembly moves after applying filler through the discharged filler back to the bottom of the segment to compact it. However, the filling material discharged in the last repetition step is then no longer compacted, but the vibrator arrangement moves to the upper end of the next segment, with the underlying cavity being filled up with filling material. However, this filler is subsequently compacted only in the region of the newly produced segment.

FIG. 9 illustrates an alternative to the method according to FIG. 8 with the production of a segment, in the example of the segment between the bottom depths x3 and x4. In this method, as in the method according to FIG. 8, the vibrator arrangement moves from its lower end (at the position x4) to its upper end (at the position x3) at the beginning of the production of the segment, the resulting cavity being between x4 and x3 is filled with filler. The stroke or up-travel distance by which the vibrator arrangement is moved in this case is designated by h1 in FIG. At- However closing the vibrator arrangement no longer moves to the lower end of the segment, but starting from the upper end only by a distance or downhill distance h2, with h2 <h1, down and then back to the upper end, ie to the Distance h2 upwards, so that the stroke h2 in the first repetition step is smaller than the stroke h1 in the first step. A stroke h3 in the next repetition step is again smaller than in the preceding step. After this repetition step, in the example, the production of this segment ends and the production of a new segment begins, in which the vibrator arrangement is moved (or moved) to the upper end of the following segment.

The first stroke h1 defines the height of the segment. This stroke is for example 1 m and generally between 1 m and 2m. In one example, it is provided that a difference Ah of the stroke (stroke difference) is equal between two steps. Referring to the example of FIG. 9, h1 = h2 + Ah and h2 = h3 + Ah. In one example, it is intended to raise the vibrator assembly (and thereby apply filler material) and lower it again with a reduced stroke (to compress the filler material) until the stroke is less than or equal to a predetermined value. This value corresponds, for example, to the difference Ah. For example, if h1 = 1m and Ah = 20cm, then the following steps are performed to make a segment: lifting 1m, lowering 80cm, lifting 80cm, lowering 60cm, raising 60cm, lowering 40cm, lifting 40cm, lowering 20cm, lifting until the upper end of the next segment. The stroke difference Ah can be used to set the number of repetition steps and thus the diameter or strength of the segment. Generally, the diameter increases with decreasing stroke difference Ah, since in this case more repetition steps are carried out, so that more material is introduced. In one method, it is provided that the column profile for each segment defines its height and the stroke difference Ah. In another method, it is provided that the column profile for each segment its height and the lifting Defines Ah and also defines a maximum power consumption of the vibrator motor, wherein the production of a segment ends when the stroke is smaller than the predetermined minimum value, ie when all repetition steps have been passed, or when the maximum power consumption is reached. The introduction of filling material into the soil takes place in the previously described vibrator arrangements, which have a silo tube or material tube 11, out of the silo tube or material tube. The dimensions, ie in particular the diameter of the column, arithmetically calculated from the integral of the amount of filler discharged into the ground at the sum of all upward movements, which can be easily calculated by the known cross section of vibrator and material pipe and by uphill distance. If the vibrator cross-section is, for example, 0.2 m ^{2 in} cross-section, then, at a point at which the vibrator rises and falls 5 times, a column cross-section with an area of 5 × 0.2 = 1.0 m ^{2 is} generated.

In a further embodiment of a vibrator assembly (not shown), the tube 1 1 is formed only as an extension tube. Filling material is introduced in this vibrator assembly in the cavity below the Rüttleranordung characterized in that material from above the pipe over, d. H. is brought down in an annular gap between the tube 1 1 and the surrounding soil.

The method described above can be carried out fully automatically controlled by a computer. The computer is configured to control the support device 2 and obtains information about the position of the vibrator assembly 1 by a suitable sensor and the operating parameter (such as power consumption of the vibrator motor, retraction speed or oscillation amplitude) of the vibrator arrangement. The control of the support device 2 by the computer during retraction, depending on the particular method, the retraction of the vibrator assembly 1 at a constant speed or constant application of force comprise, the computer assigns the obtained values for the operating parameter to the respective soil depths during retraction, thereby the soil profile to obtain. The pillar profile can be generated automatically from the bottom profile, as shown for example in FIG. 6, ie for example software-controlled. As explained, different segments are defined in the pillar profile, each having a predetermined height and property. Examples of such pillar profiles are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The individual segments can be produced according to one of the methods explained above with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9.

The controlling of the carrying device 2 by the computer for the production of each segment comprises raising the vibrator assembly at least once by a predetermined distance (up-travel distance) and lowering it at least once by a predetermined distance (down-travel distance). As explained, the uplink and downlink can be the same in one step, but may also differ by one stroke difference Ah. Both when using a topping vibrator with a silo tube and when using a deep vibrator with silo tube filling material automatically flows into the cavity below the vibrator 1 each time the vibrator assembly, so that only ensure that there is always sufficient filler in the silo tube. The height of a segment to be produced, ie the distance by which the vibrator arrangement 1 is raised for the first time starting from the bottom of the recess or starting from the upper end of a previously manufactured segment, and the diameter and / or strength of the material column section are controlled by the computer depending on the previously determined , Depending on the soil profile column profile in the manner already explained. The diameter and / or strength of a segment can be explained in greater detail

Way through the number of repetitions can be set. A device operator has in this automatic process only a control and safety function and moves the Rüttleranordnung 1 with the support device 2 from point to point at which a column of material to be produced.

The method can also be carried out as a semi-automatic method, in which the vibrator arrangement 1 is first moved into the ground under computer control and the soil profile is determined and in which the material is produced during production of the material. alsäule 30, the support device 2 is controlled by a device operator, according to specifications that are displayed by the computer on a display device (display). The display shows symbols that indicate to the operator, for example, in which direction the carrying device is to be moved, ie up or down, and how far the carrying device is to be moved. A sequence (af) of such symbols in the manufacture of a material column section is shown in FIG. A display field for the symbols in the example includes a directional arrow as a first symbol and a displaceable bar as a second symbol. FIG. 8 shows the display field for seven different times. The directional arrow indicates to the device operator in which direction the support arm should be moved. An arrow upwards, as for example in FIGS. 8a and 8b, symbolizes a movement upwards, while an arrow downwards, as in FIGS. 8d, 8e and 8f, symbolizes a downward movement. The bar (shown hatched) indicates how far the carrying device 2 with the vibrator arrangement 1 should still be moved in the direction predetermined by the directional arrow. If the display field is completely filled by the bar, as shown for example in Figure 8c, or completely empty, as shown for example in Figure 8c, the reversal point for a reversal of the direction of movement of the support device is reached.

The display is controlled by the computer depending on the previously determined column profile and the current depth of penetration of the vibrator 1 and the Rüttlerspitze 13 in the ground. The movement of the bar symbolizes the movement of the vibrator 1 up or down. A lower end of the display panel or bar, in the display of Figure 8, marks a lower reversal point for downward movement of the vibrator assembly and an upper end marks an upper reversal point for upward movement of the vibrator assembly. Each of these reversal points represents a bottom depth, wherein the bottom depths represented by the top and bottom reversal point change in the course of pillar production.

Depending on the type of manufacturing process, the upper and lower reversal points can remain the same during the production of a segment, or the o- reversing point can remain the same and the lower reversal point can change. This is explained below for the production of a column segment which forms the lower column section 34 in the column 30 according to FIG. In a method according to FIG. 8, in which the vibrator arrangement is always moved over the entire height of the segment during the individual repetition steps, the bottom reversal point of the display field always represents the bottom depth x4 and the top reversal point always represents the bottom depth x3. After production of the lowermost column section or segment 34, the bottom depth assigned to the upper reversal point changes, ie the display panel shows a necessary upward movement of the vibrator arrangement 1 until the vibrator arrangement has extended to a depth between x2 and x3 at the one first segment of the column section 33 is produced. In a method according to FIG. 9, in which the stroke changes with each repetition step, the upper reversal point always represents the bottom depth x3, the lower reversal point changes with each repetition step, so that for example the first reversal point at a first retraction the bottom depth x4-Δη , in a second retraction, the depth of the ground x4-2Ah, in a third retraction (not shown in Figure 9) x4-3Ah, etc. represented. After preparation of the lowermost column section or segment 34, the bottom reversal point associated soil depth changes, ie, the display shows a necessary upward movement of the vibrator 1 until the vibrator arrangement is extended to a depth between x2 and x3, at a first Seg - Ment of the column section 33 is made.

The actual location of reversal points in the ground, the depth of the ground associated with a reversal point and the number of repetitions per segment need not be known to the operator. These are predetermined by a computer or a controller based on the previously determined column profile and assigned to the reversal points of the display field. The display panel shows a first reversal point and a second reversal point, each associated with a bottom depth, and a movement of the vibrator arrangement between the two reversal points both with respect to a movement speed and with respect to a direction of movement. For this purpose, the position of the vibrator arrangement in the ground (between the two reversal points) is detected at regular or irregular intervals and displayed on the display. In the example of FIG. 10, a lower reversal point is represented by a lower end of a display panel, and an upper reversal point is represented by an upper end of the display panel, an arrow indicates the desired moving direction (target moving direction), and a bar represents the position of FIG Jogger arrangement between the reversal points. Apart from a bar and an arrow, of course, any other symbols are suitable for displaying the desired direction of movement and the range of motion still required.

The automatic or semi-automatic methods explained above, in which a column of material 30 is produced in the multi-segment floor depending on a column profile, is independent of the method of determining the column profile. As explained, this column profile can be automatically generated from a bottom profile which is determined when the vibrator arrangement is lowered into the ground.

However, the column profile can also be generated manually from a soil profile, such as from a determined when retracting the Rüttleranordnung in the soil soil profile or from a determined by a core hole soil profile .. So, for example, initially only the number and location of the individual segments in the column profile are given, the individual segments then properties such as diameter or strength (which determine the process for the preparation of the individual segments) are assigned manually. This assignment can be made depending on the soil profile. This procedure can be chosen in particular if the floor structure is known in principle, ie if it is known which types of soil layers are present and in which sequence ge these soil layers are present, but if it is not known exactly how thick the individual soil layers are. In this case, the soil profile indicates, in particular, the layer boundaries, thus indicating in which depths the boundaries lie between individual layers. An operator, such as a ground engineer, can then assign certain properties to individual segments in the column profile knowing the position of the layer boundaries. The column profile is displayed, for example, on a display. The assignment of properties to individual segments can be done by means of any input tools, such as a keyboard, voice-controlled or directly on the display, if it is designed as a touchpad, such as a touchpad of a smartphone or a tablet computer. A column profile provided in this way can then be used in one of the production methods explained above.

Features that have been explained above in connection with an exemplary embodiment can, of course, also be combined with features of other exemplary embodiments, even if this has not been explicitly mentioned before, if these features are not mutually exclusive.

Claims

1 . A method comprising:

Providing a vibrator assembly (1) supported on a support device (2) adapted to penetrate the ground (100) and having a vibrator motor;

Retracting the vibrator assembly (1) to a predetermined depth into the ground (100);

Determining a soil profile of the soil (100) during retraction of the vibrating arrangement (1), wherein the determination of the soil profile comprises measuring at least one operating parameter of the vibrator arrangement (1) when entering the soil (100) and wherein the soil profile in each case comprises a soil parameter ( P) for at least two different bottom depths.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

Producing a material column (30) using the vibrator assembly (1) depending on the soil profile in the soil.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

Retracting the vibrator assembly (1) driven by the carrying device (2) into the ground at at least approximately constant speed;

Measuring a power consumption of the vibrator motor as operating parameters when retracting the vibrator arrangement in the ground (100).

The method of claim 1, further comprising:

Applying at least approximately constant force to the vibrator assembly (1) by the carrier (2) upon insertion of the vibrator assembly (1) into the tray (100);

Measuring a speed at which the vibrator assembly moves into the ground as an operating parameter.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Retracting the vibrator assembly (1) driven by the carrying device (2) into the ground at at least approximately constant speed;

Measuring an oscillation amplitude of a tip of the vibrator arrangement (1) as an operating parameter when retracting the vibrator arrangement into the ground (100).

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

in which the production of the material column (30) depends on the soil profile in such a way that a diameter of the material column (30) in a certain soil depth is dependent on the soil parameters determined for this soil depth.

7. The method according to claim 6,

in which the soil parameter determined for a certain soil depth is dependent on soil density and / or soil rigidity, and

in which the material column is produced such that the diameter of the material column increases with decreasing soil density and / or decreasing soil stiffness.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein preparing the column of material comprises producing at least two segments, wherein producing each segment comprises:

a) raising the Rüttleranordnung (1) by a predetermined upward path, so that a cavity below the Rüttleranordnung (1) is formed; b) introducing a filling material (G) into the cavity;

c) retracting the vibrator arrangement (1) by a predetermined downward

Path in the filler;

d) repeating the method steps a) to c) n times, with n> 0.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the uplink and the downlink in steps a) and b) are the same.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the down-distance in step b) by a path difference (Ah) smaller than the up-distance in the immediate preceding step a) and in which each repetition of the upward travel in step a) is equal to the downward travel in the immediately preceding step b).

1 1. The method of claim 10, wherein the path difference (Ah) is the same for all repetitions.

12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 1 1, wherein for the production of a column of material at a predetermined depth, the number n of repetitions in step d) is dependent on the soil parameters determined for this soil depth.

13. The method according to claim 12,

in which the soil parameter is dependent on soil density and / or soil stiffness, and

in which the number n of repetitions increases with decreasing soil density and / or decreasing soil stiffness.

14. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 1 1, wherein the strength of the segment is measured during manufacture and in which the number n of the

Repetitions depends on the measured strength.

15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the Rüttleranordnung comprises:

a vibrator tube (11) having upper and lower ends;

one on the Rüttlerrohr (1 1) arranged vibrator (12) with the Rüttlermotor.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the vibrator (12) formed as a deep vibrator and at a lower end of the vibrator tube (1 1) is attached.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the vibrator (12) is designed as Aufsatzrüttler and attached to an upper end of the Rüttlerrohres (1 1).

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the tube is formed as a silo tube.

19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the Tragvor- device (2) comprises a support arm of a Erdbaugeräts.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the support device comprises a mast (25) and a movable carriage on the mast (24).

21. A method of making a column of material (30) in the soil (100), the method comprising:

Providing a vibrator assembly (1) supported on a support (2) and adapted to penetrate the floor (100);

Retracting the vibrator assembly into the ground (100);

Multiple operation of the vibrator assembly in the ground between reversal points, namely an upper reversal point and a reversal point, and introduction of filler into the ground in the process of the vibrator arrangement from the lower reversal point to the upper reversal point; and

Detecting a position of the vibrator assembly in the ground;

wherein the reversal points are dictated by a controller and wherein movement of the vibrator assembly between the reversal points is displayed in an electronic display panel indicating a desired direction of travel of the vibrator assembly and the position of the vibrator assembly between the reversal points.

22. The method of claim 21, comprising producing at least two segments of the material column, wherein producing a segment comprises:

a) raising the Rüttleranordnung (1) by a predetermined upward distance to an upper reversal point, so that a cavity below the Rüttleranordnung (1) is formed;

b) introducing a filling material (G) into the cavity; c) retracting the vibrator assembly (1) by a predetermined downward distance into the filling material to a lower reversal point;

d) repeating the method steps a) to c) n times, with n> 0.

A method according to claim 22, wherein the upper reversal points are the same at each repetition and the lower reversal points are the same at each repetition.

24. The method of claim 8, wherein the down-distance in step b) by a path difference (Ah) is smaller than the up-distance in the immediately preceding step a) and at each repetition of the upward path in step a) the same the down distance in the immediately preceding step b).

25. The method of claim 10, wherein the path difference (Ah) is the same for all repetitions.

26. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 25,

wherein the display panel has a lower end that represents a lower reversal point and an upper end that represents an upper reversal point,

and wherein a beam disposed between the upper and lower ends indicates the position of the vibrator assembly between the turning points.

27. The method of claim 16, wherein a directional arrow in or next to the display panel indicates the desired direction of movement of the Rüttleranordnung.