EP1325281A1 - Method and device for simulating firing - Google Patents
Method and device for simulating firingInfo
- Publication number
- EP1325281A1 EP1325281A1 EP01960586A EP01960586A EP1325281A1 EP 1325281 A1 EP1325281 A1 EP 1325281A1 EP 01960586 A EP01960586 A EP 01960586A EP 01960586 A EP01960586 A EP 01960586A EP 1325281 A1 EP1325281 A1 EP 1325281A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser beam
- target
- laser
- time
- shot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 21
- NIOPZPCMRQGZCE-WEVVVXLNSA-N 2,4-dinitro-6-(octan-2-yl)phenyl (E)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1OC(=O)\C=C\C NIOPZPCMRQGZCE-WEVVVXLNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000406607 Hypoaspis miles Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
- F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
- F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
- F41G3/2622—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile
- F41G3/2655—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile in which the light beam is sent from the weapon to the target
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
- F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
- F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
- F41G3/2622—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile
- F41G3/2683—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile with reflection of the beam on the target back to the weapon
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for simulating a gun firing from a ballistic projectile at a target, preferably a ground-based, moving or standing target, fired shot of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1 and claim 10, respectively.
- a laser pulse transmitter is attached to the barrel or gun barrel of the barrel weapon, the emitted laser pulse sequence of which is aimed by a gunner performed, manual aiming of the weapon reached the target. If the gunner considers the aiming process to be correct, he actuates the trigger of the gun. This initiates an automatic process in which a transmission controller switches the laser transmitter on for a few milliseconds.
- the laser pulses hit reflectors arranged at the target, from where they are reflected on a position-sensitive detector on the barrel weapon.
- a distance calculator calculates the target distance from the transit time of the reflected laser pulses.
- An angular position calculator simultaneously determines the angular deviation between the tube core axis of the shot tube and the center of gravity of the reflected laser radiation.
- a time-of-flight computer determines the theoretical floor flight time and when the floor flight time has expired, a further laser pulse sequence is emitted by the laser transmitter, and the angular position calculator again calculates the angular deviation between the tube core axis and the center of gravity of the laser radiation.
- a firing range calculator calculates the correct firing range setting from the target range and the type of ammunition.
- the explosive point location computer is connected to an encoder programmed with regard to the type of weapon and ammunition, which is connected to the distance computer.
- the encoder controls the laser transmitter in such a way that it emits a second, coded laser pulse sequence which differs from the first laser pulse sequence and which contains information about the distance, about the lateral and height-related deviations of the detonation point relative to the target and about the type of ammunition and weapon.
- This laser pulse sequence strikes a detector arranged at the target, to which a hit receiver, a decoder and a hit data computer are connected.
- the hit data computer determines from the transmitted information whether the weapon was effective with regard to the type of ammunition used and calculates the effect of the detonation by comparing the extent of the target in the firing direction and the deviation of the explosive points in the lateral and vertical directions.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for shooting simulation of the type mentioned, which allows compliance with the regulations on eye safety of the laser used longer shot distances and does not fail when shooting at a group of closely arranged targets.
- the method according to the invention like the device according to the invention, has the advantage that there is no need to measure the target with spatial resolution in addition to the distance measurement, and therefore no complex, spatially resolving detector or a laser scanner on the barrel weapon is required.
- the target is measured only with regard to its distance from the barrel weapon - and with moderate accuracy - and not additionally with regard to the exact target position.
- the location information is located directly in the point of impact of the second laser beam corrected for the attachment and lead.
- the second laser beam from coded laser pulses always hits where the virtual floor hits, so that the target resolution is carried out naturally by the target field itself.
- the device for firing simulation is compatible with 1-way codes and 1-way passive systems with a corresponding detector arrangement, since, unlike in the known 2-way simulator, no target deposits of the explosive point have to be transmitted to the target.
- the device according to the invention is the only multi-path simulator for long shot ranges for the internationally widespread MILES code.
- the range that can be achieved is only limited by the power of the laser used for the second laser beam from coded laser pulses, which for reasons of compatibility with existing systems, e.g. MILES, is preferably designed for a wavelength of 905 nm and its performance is limited by the limit for eye safety.
- the laser that generates the first laser beam can be designed independently of the laser of the second laser beam and has a particularly eye-safe wavelength, e.g. can be selected in a range between 1500 and 1800 nm.
- the limit for eye safety is thus approximately 15,000 times higher than for the wavelength around the aforementioned 905 nm, and the power of the laser can be designed accordingly high.
- the deviations of the trajectory from the current sight line alignment, the so-called aiming direction, at the time of the shot and the swivel angle values derived therefrom for the first laser beam are carried out in the vertical direction. Only if with a refined trajectory calculation there is still a spin of the selected ballistic projectile to be taken into account, the deviations of the trajectory from the target direction at the time of firing are also determined in azimuth and from this the swivel angle values for the swiveling of the first laser beam are also determined in the horizontal direction.
- the beam cross section of the laser is designed such that the area illuminated by the first laser beam at the target is significantly larger than the area illuminated by the second laser beam.
- the divergence of the first laser beam for the distance measurement is minimized for a high radiation density at the target in order to enable long ranges.
- a plurality of retroreflectors are arranged in a belt-like manner all around, the divergence is selected such that, at a predetermined minimum distance, the first laser beam illuminating the target at any point hits at least one retroreflector.
- the need to use retroreflectors depends on the type of laser used to generate the first laser beam. With the currently available 1550 nm diode lasers, the power is not sufficient to enable ranges of 4000 m and more without retroreflectors.
- the retroreflectors can be omitted, since the diffuse reflection of the target is sufficient, so that the elimination of the expensive retroreflectors achieves a high saving potential.
- the divergence of the first laser beam is made very low in order to obtain high intensities at the target. Its divergence can be smaller than that of the second laser beam. The low divergence has the advantage that only a few interfering reflections are caused by objects located in the immediate vicinity of the target, such as trees, bushes and the like.
- the tube weapon-side detector which is firmly connected to the launch tube, has a receiving optic whose reception divergence is at least as large as the deflection area of the laser beams caused by the deflection device.
- the detector can have adjustable receiving optics, the receiving divergence of which corresponds to the effective beam cross section of the first laser beam, ie the cross section of the illuminated area at the target, and the receiving optics are thus coupled to the deflection device. that it is swiveled by the same swivel angle as the first laser beam.
- the advantage of this alternative embodiment is a better S / N ratio, since the reception divergence can be chosen to be smaller.
- the disadvantage is the greater optomechanical effort.
- a highly sensitive avalanche photadiode or a PIN diode with a bandpass filter can be used as the detection element in the detector. Due to the narrow reception angle and the large wavelength of the laser, the distance measurement can be carried out very sensitively.
- the two laser beams can be generated with a single laser, the eye-safe wavelength of which is preferably 905 nm for reasons of compatibility with other systems. Due to the small beam diameter required for performance and target accuracy reasons, however, a large number of retroreflectors are required for larger targets.
- the laser beam can be scanned in azimuth.
- 1 is a situation picture of a terrain section with a tactical situation during a combat exercise
- Fig. 2 is a partial, schematic, perspective view of a
- Firing barrel of a barrel weapon with a sight as well as laser transmitter and detector of a device for firing simulation
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the gun part of the gun simulation device;
- Fig. 4 is a side view of a target battle tank with the as
- Fig. 5 is an exemplary representation of a weft path of one of the
- Shot simulation device on a target fired virtual projectile
- FIG. 1 shows a section of the terrain with a tactical situation during a combat exercise in which the aiming and shooting of a barrel weapon 10 is to be practiced on a target 11.
- a battle tank 12 serves as the movable target 11 and the tank cannon 13 of a second battle tank 14 or an anti-tank weapon 15, which is actuated by a gunner 16 lying in cover, serves as a tubular weapon 10.
- a sight 17 (FIG. 2), which is rigidly coupled to the barrel 18 of the barrel weapon 10, is used to aim the barrel weapon 10 at the target 11, in such a way that the sight line 171 of the sight 17 is aligned parallel to the barrel core axis 181 of the barrel tube 18 ,
- the shot tube 18 of the anti-tank weapon 15 is shown schematically, on which the sight 17 is arranged directly. Line of sight 171 and tube core axis 181 are indicated by dash-dotted lines.
- the firing with the barrel weapon 10 is simulated by emitting a laser radiation to the target 11, which is caused by actuating a trigger 19 (FIG. 3) or another shot release member by the gunner in the main battle tank 14 or the shooter 16.
- a trigger 19 FIG. 3
- a shot simulation device 20 is used to generate the simulated shots, which comprises a component 201 (FIG. 3) attached to the gun 10 and a component 202 attached to the target 11 (FIG. 4 ) having. Since a main battle tank 12 or 14 is both actively firing and being shot at in combat, it simultaneously forms a barrel weapon 10 and target 11, so that it is usually equipped with both components 201, 202 of the firing simulation device 20.
- a purely passive target 11 is equipped only with the component 202 on the target side and an exclusively active tube weapon 10 only with the component 201 on the tube weapon side.
- the tubular weapon-side component 201 of the firing simulation device 20 shown in the block diagram in FIG. 3 has a laser transmitter 21 with two separate lasers 22, 23, which is firmly connected to the firing barrel 18 (FIG. 2), of which the first laser 22, hereinafter referred to as measuring laser 22, a wavelength in the range between 1500 - 1800 nm and the second laser 23, hereinafter called code laser 23, has a wavelength of 905 nm.
- a first laser beam 24 composed of laser pulses is generated with the measuring laser 22 and a second laser beam 25 consisting of coded laser pulses is generated with the code laser 23.
- a high-performance E ⁇ Glas laser or a Raman shifted Nd: YAG laser is used as the measuring laser 22.
- the divergence of the first laser 24 is then chosen to be very low, which has the advantage that no or only slight interference reflections are generated at the target and retroreflectors can be dispensed with on the target side.
- the divergence of the measuring laser 22 can be even smaller than that of the code laser 23.
- the second laser beam 25 of the code laser 23 has an approximately circular beam profile, the diameter of the effective beam cross section of the second laser beam 25, ie the diameter of the area illuminated at the target 11, corresponds approximately to 1.5 times the mutual distance of detectors arranged at the target 11, which will be described in more detail later.
- the two laser beams 24, 25 always have the same transmission direction, which is pivoted by means of a deflection device 26 from a basic position in which it runs parallel to the line of sight 171, as is indicated by dotted lines in FIG. 3.
- the transmission direction of the second laser beam 25 emitted with a time delay can also be synchronously pivoted, as can the transmission direction of the second laser beam 25 before the second laser beam 25 is emitted abruptly to the last transmission direction of the first laser beam 24.
- the deflection device 26 can be implemented, for example, by means of two swivel mirrors 261, 262, which are coupled to one another and can each be adjusted in azimuth and elevation by an actuator.
- the tube weapon-side component 201 of the firing simulation device 20 also includes a detector 27 for receiving the first laser beam 24 of the measuring laser 22 reflected at the target 11.
- a detector 27 for receiving the first laser beam 24 of the measuring laser 22 reflected at the target 11.
- a highly sensitive avalanche photodiode or a PIN diode with bandpass filter can be used.
- the measuring detector 27 is firmly connected to the barrel 18 of the barrel weapon 10, so that its optical axis 271 is aligned parallel to the barrel core axis 181 (FIG. 2).
- the reception divergence of its reception optics is dimensioned as large as the deflection of the laser beams 24, 25 caused by the deflection device 26 in elevation and possibly in azimuth from its basic position.
- the receiving optics of the measuring detector 27 can be coupled to the deflection device 26 in such a way that its optical axis is pivoted synchronously with the first laser beam 24.
- the receiving optics have a receiving divergence which corresponds to the effective beam cross section of the first laser beam 24, ie the area illuminated by the first laser beam 24 at the target 11.
- the measuring detector 27 is followed by a transit time meter 28 and a distance calculator 29, which are usually combined in a distance measuring electronics.
- the transit time of the reflected laser pulses of the first laser beam 24 is determined in the transit time meter 28, for which purpose the time period from the transmission of a laser pulse to the reception of the reflected same laser pulse is measured and halved.
- the transmission frequency of the laser pulses of the measuring laser 22 is chosen so that the time interval between successively emitted laser pulses is significantly greater than the transit time of the laser pulses from transmission to reception at maximum range.
- the distance computer 29 calculates the target distance r from the transit time of the reflected laser pulses.
- the barrel weapon-side component 201 of the firing simulation device 20 also includes a trajectory computer 30, which is connected on the input side to the distance computer 29, a self-motion sensor system 31, an ammunition selector 32 and a control unit 33 and on the output side to the deflection device 26 and the control unit 33.
- the control unit 33 is still connected on the input side to the trigger 19 of the barrel weapon 10 and controls the laser transmitter 21 and the trajectory computer 30 on the output side.
- the trajectory computer 30 is used to calculate the trajectory of a projectile selected by means of the ammunition selector 32, taking into account the alignment of the shot tube 18 in azimuth and Elevation, ie the position of the shot tube 18 at the moment of the fictitious firing of the ballistic projectile.
- a trajectory 34 is shown by way of example in FIG.
- the trajectory computer 30 calculates the deviations ⁇ z of the trajectory 34 from the current orientation of the line of sight 171 of the sight 17 by the shooter, hereinafter referred to as the target direction, at the time of the triggering of the simulated shot by the shooter in elevation, namely as a pivot angle ⁇ z an imaginary straight line drawn through the respective trajectory point from the coordinate origin relative to the target direction at the time of firing, and forms control signals for the deflection device 26 therefrom.
- the trajectory computer 30 additionally calculates the deviations ⁇ x Trajectory 34 from the target direction at the time of the shot in azimuth, namely as the swivel angle ⁇ x of the imaginary straight line drawn through the second trajectory point from the origin of the coordinator with respect to the target direction at the time of the shot, and likewise forms control signals for the deflection oroplasty.
- the own movement components of the shot tube 18 in elevation and azimuth are measured by a self-motion sensor system 31 as deviations of the sight line 171 from the target direction at the time of the shot, e.g. by one or two-axis gyroscope, and in the flight path computer 30 the control signals generated by this for the deflection device 26 are corrected with the data supplied by the self-motion sensor system 31 so that the target direction is kept constant.
- the target-side component 202 of the simulation device 20 shown in FIG. 4 comprises a plurality of detectors 35 which are arranged distributed on the surface of the target 11 and are designed to receive the coded laser pulses of the second laser beam 25 emitted by the code laser 23. If the target 11 is configured as a main battle tank 12, the detectors 35 surround the main battle tank 12 in a belt-like manner in the horizontal direction, the detectors 35 being approximately the same distance apart.
- the detectors 35 are connected to evaluation electronics 36 for decoding the information transmitted by the code laser 23 and for calculating hit damage, which are displayed in a display unit 37.
- the goal is 11
- Another retroreflector unit 38 is arranged, which consists of a plurality of retroreflectors, here four offset by 90 ° to one another, whose reception sectors cover an all-round angle of 360 °.
- the above-described firing simulation device 20 with its barrel weapon component 201 and its target component 202 operates according to the following method:
- the trigger 19 is operated by the shooter.
- the control unit 33 which on the one hand activates the laser transmitter 21, and here the measuring laser 22, and on the other hand the flight path computer 30.
- the measuring laser 22 emits the first laser beam 24 composed of laser pulses.
- the trajectory 34 of the fired virtual projectile is calculated in the trajectory computer 30 in accordance with the orientation of the sight 17 and thus of the shoe tube 18 at the time of the firing for the selected type of projectile, and the ballistic deviation ⁇ z and possibly the lateral deviation ⁇ x (FIG. 5) of the trajectory are continuously calculated 34 determined from the target direction at the time of shooting.
- the flight path computer 30 determines - as explained above - these deviations as the swivel angle ⁇ z in elevation and possibly ⁇ x in azimuth and forms control signals therefrom which are applied to the deflection device 26.
- the first laser beam 24 of the measuring laser 22 is continuously pivoted downward by the deflection device 26, as is shown in FIG.
- the laser beam 24 strikes the target 11 during the flight time of the virtual projectile, the laser pulses are reflected at the target 11 and received by the measurement detector 27.
- the transit time of the reflected laser pulses is measured (transit time meter 28) and the target distance r is determined therefrom (range calculator 29).
- the r for the measured target range resulting from the trajectory data theoretical swivel angle values of the first laser beam 24 calculated from the target direction to the shot time point and for the r to the target range associated with the actual pivot angle values, and, if x of the first laser beam 24 relative to the Target direction at the time of the shot, which the laser beam 24 has in realist at the time of its impact on the target 11 compared.
- Trajectory computer 30 calculates the flight time of the virtual projectile required for the measured target distance r and with the time elapsed since the shot was fired, i.e. the time from the time of the shot, i.e.
- the control unit 33 activates the code laser 23, which emits the second laser beam 25, in the same transmission direction as the measurement laser 22 shows last.
- the coding of the second laser beam 25 contains information about the type of projectile and weapon and the identity of the shooter. If the gunner has aimed the gun 10 largely correctly with reference and attachment at the target 11, one of the detectors 35 of the target 11 will be hit by the laser pulses of the second laser beam 25.
- the evaluation electronics 36 determines the damage caused at the destination 11 from the position of the hit detector 35 on the target 11 and the information transmitted with the laser pulses and decoded in the evaluation electronics 36.
- the second laser beam 25 is emitted by the code laser 23
- the thrust simulation is ended, and the control unit 33 switches off the trajectory computer 30, the control signals at the deflection device 26 being eliminated and the deflection device 26 returning to its starting position, so that the transmission directions of the lasers 22, 23 are again aligned parallel to the line of sight 171.
- the invention is not limited to the described embodiment of the shot simulation device.
- the aforementioned retroreflector unit 38 (FIG. 4) can additionally be provided at the target 11 in order to increase the range of the measuring laser 22 or to reduce the power of the measuring laser 22 with the same range.
- the beam cross sections of the two laser beams 24, 25 are designed so that the area illuminated at the target 10 at a predetermined minimum distance from the first laser beam 24 is significantly larger than the area illuminated by the second laser beam.
- the dimensions of the area illuminated by the first laser beam 24 are then designed to be slightly larger than the horizontal dimension of the largest target 11 and slightly larger than twice the vertical dimension of the target 11 at the still permitted minimum distance. If diode lasers available today are used, such a retroreflector unit 38 is absolutely necessary if ranges of 4000 m and more are to be achieved.
- the two laser beams 24, 25 emitted at different times can be generated with a single laser which, for reasons of compatibility, works with other systems of a combat field training center with an eye-safe wavelength of 905 nm.
- the retroreflector unit 38 a plurality of retroreflectors at the target 11 are essential. The divergence of the laser beam is then selected such that the laser beam illuminating the target 11 at an arbitrary location hits at least one retroreflector at a permitted minimum target distance.
- the set target height angle is measured using a suitable sensor and included in the flight path calculation. In the same way, tilting of the gun 10 can be detected and taken into account in the flight path calculation.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200130173T SI1325281T1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2001-07-28 | Method and device for simulating firing |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10050691 | 2000-10-13 | ||
DE10050691A DE10050691A1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2000-10-13 | Method and device for firing simulation |
PCT/EP2001/008775 WO2002031429A1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2001-07-28 | Method and device for simulating firing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1325281A1 true EP1325281A1 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
EP1325281B1 EP1325281B1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
Family
ID=7659616
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01960586A Expired - Lifetime EP1325281B1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2001-07-28 | Method and device for simulating firing |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6549872B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1325281B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE269532T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001282044A1 (en) |
BG (1) | BG65142B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2341851A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ2003872A3 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10050691A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1325281T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2218440T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HU225640B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL360247A1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK4002003A3 (en) |
TR (1) | TR200401817T4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002031429A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200302779B (en) |
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- 2001-07-28 CZ CZ2003872A patent/CZ2003872A3/en unknown
- 2001-07-28 DE DE50102630T patent/DE50102630D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2001-07-28 WO PCT/EP2001/008775 patent/WO2002031429A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-07-28 HU HU0303748A patent/HU225640B1/en unknown
- 2001-07-28 TR TR2004/01817T patent/TR200401817T4/en unknown
- 2001-07-28 AT AT01960586T patent/ATE269532T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-28 PL PL36024701A patent/PL360247A1/en unknown
- 2001-07-28 EP EP01960586A patent/EP1325281B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-28 AU AU2001282044A patent/AU2001282044A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CA2341851A1 (en) | 2002-04-13 |
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AU2001282044A1 (en) | 2002-04-22 |
ZA200302779B (en) | 2003-10-14 |
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