EP1325156A2 - Method and device for distributing a lumpy bulk material - Google Patents

Method and device for distributing a lumpy bulk material

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Publication number
EP1325156A2
EP1325156A2 EP01969651A EP01969651A EP1325156A2 EP 1325156 A2 EP1325156 A2 EP 1325156A2 EP 01969651 A EP01969651 A EP 01969651A EP 01969651 A EP01969651 A EP 01969651A EP 1325156 A2 EP1325156 A2 EP 1325156A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bulk material
fall
reactor
scattering
legs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01969651A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1325156B1 (en
Inventor
Leopold Werner Kepplinger
Johann Wurm
Franz Berner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
Original Assignee
Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH filed Critical Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH
Publication of EP1325156A2 publication Critical patent/EP1325156A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1325156B1 publication Critical patent/EP1325156B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
    • C21B13/002—Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0001—Positioning the charge
    • F27D2003/0006—Particulate materials
    • F27D2003/0007—Circular distribution

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular at least partially pre-reduced iron ore, over an extensive area, in particular on a fixed bed, this area being in a reactor or container of physical or chemical process engineering, in particular in a reactor a metallurgical plant for the production of pig iron or intermediate steel products, and the lumpy bulk material is charged via at least one charging device, which has at least two, in particular rotationally symmetrical, falling legs, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the reactor.
  • the invention further relates to novel spreading devices.
  • US-A-4497609 describes a device by means of which a bulk material flow can be continuously charged into a shaft furnace. For this purpose, bulk goods are charged to the periphery of the shaft furnace via several fall legs.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in accordance with the method according to the characterizing part of claim 1 and according to the device according to the characterizing part of claim 4. It is a further object of the invention to develop easily applicable spreading devices according to the preamble of claim 12 or 13. This object is achieved by appropriate spreading devices according to claim 12 or 13.
  • the present invention proves to be particularly advantageous particularly when used in a melter gasifier and is documented in this regard in the most detailed manner.
  • the application of the invention is not limited to this embodiment; rather, the description of the processes in a melter gasifier is an exemplary explanation.
  • the applications of the invention in other metallurgical units, in particular in a shaft furnace, are further specific embodiments of the invention.
  • a melter gasifier represents an assembly for the production of pig iron or steel intermediate products, as is well known in the prior art.
  • the melter gasifier as described in the prior art, is used to melt a largely pre-reduced iron ore (DRI) and to generate reducing gas from reducing gas carriers, preferably lump coal.
  • DRI largely pre-reduced iron ore
  • the coal and the DRI are mostly introduced via the dome of the melting gasifier into the same, whereby it has proven to be advantageous to introduce the coal centrally.
  • the DRI is therefore introduced into the melter gasifier via one or more decentrally located openings on the gasifier dome.
  • the lumpy bulk material is charged via at least one charging device, which has at least two, in particular rotationally symmetrical, drop legs, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the reactor, at least a portion of the bulk material, is distributed on a spreading device in the radial and / or tangential direction, as seen from above.
  • the bulk material is at least partially distributed on the spreading device within the fall leg.
  • the stray fields of adjacent down pipes overlap at least partially before reaching the fixed bed.
  • the entire scatter pattern of all downpipes - seen from above - essentially forms a concentric ring.
  • the invention is further characterized by a device according to the invention for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular sponge iron, from a bulk material stream onto an extensive area, in particular onto a fixed bed, this area being located in a reactor of physical or chemical process engineering, in particular in a reactor Metallurgical plant for the production of pig iron or steel intermediate products, preferably in a melter gasifier, and wherein the lumpy bulk material is charged via a charging device, which has at least two, preferably rotationally symmetrical, drop legs, and the charging device furthermore has at least one additional spreading device for spreading the bulk material, by means of which at least a portion of the bulk material can be distributed in the radial and / or tangential direction, as seen from above.
  • a charging device which has at least two, preferably rotationally symmetrical, drop legs, and the charging device furthermore has at least one additional spreading device for spreading the bulk material, by means of which at least a portion of the bulk material can be distributed in the radial and / or tangential direction
  • the bulk material As it falls from the fall legs onto the surface, is additionally scattered, or the bulk material flows formed in this way are widened.
  • a radial and tangential distribution is particularly suitable for the most uniform possible spreading, however, both radial and tangential distribution, when used individually, also broaden the bulk material flow and, albeit to a limited extent, spread the bulk material.
  • the fall legs are arranged at the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the reactor.
  • the bulk material is unloaded on the fixed bed at several points along an imaginary circle or circular ring, whereby according to a further preferred embodiment the individual bulk material flows assigned to the fall legs partially overlap. In this way, the failure of one or more fall legs when charging the fixed bed can be compensated.
  • the spreading device is rigidly arranged.
  • an immobile, that is to say rigid, device is inexpensive and reliable.
  • the spreading device is movable, but without a mechanical drive, in particular without any drive.
  • the attachment of the spreading device is rigid in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the spreading device is attached within the fall leg. This ensures that the spreading device is not exposed to the high temperature of the melter gasifier. In particular, the high radiant heat in the gas space must be taken into account, as occurs in a melter gasifier and causes a high load on all internals. By installing it in the fall leg, the spreading device is effectively protected against such thermal or thermo-mechanical stress and achieves a high level of stability.
  • the spreading device has a number of knobs which are attached to the inside of the fall leg.
  • the material in the downpipe is braked by the knobs and charged in particular along a circular ring at a predetermined distance from a carburetor center onto the fixed bed.
  • the wear-resistant knobs are attached in the lower part of the downpipe.
  • the spreading device has a chain, preferably a round link chain.
  • the chain is a simple and inexpensive alternative to brake the material in the fall leg or inclined tube, and in this way to generate the desired batch along the circular ring.
  • the chain is made of temperature-resistant and wear-resistant material.
  • the chain has a number of scattering elements, for example nodes, at predetermined, preferably mutually varying, intervals.
  • the invention is further characterized by a spreading device according to the invention according to claim 12 or 13.
  • the scattering device has a number of chains, on each of which a number of nodes are provided, and adjacent nodes are attached at distances that are preferably different from one another.
  • the bulk material is braked and scattered by the spreading device according to the invention, thus broadening the resulting bulk material stream that strikes the fixed bed.
  • a device is provided through which the bulk material is guided and scattered, this device having a fall leg and a number of knobs attached to the inside of the fall leg.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the DRI distribution in a melter
  • Fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device for combined line and scatter
  • Fig. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a spreading device
  • the DRI distribution in a melter is schematically outlined.
  • the melter gasifier has feeds for coal 1, for DRI 6, for dust 2, for oxygen 3, as well as a slag and pig iron rack 4 and a gas discharge line 5 for discharging the reducing gas. Both the coal and the DRI are continuously introduced into the melter.
  • the feed 6 of the DRI has six openings in the carburettor dome which are arranged at equidistant distances from the coal introduction and are arranged along the longitudinal axis and which are equipped with fall legs or inclined down pipes. Representative, for the sake of clarity, a single feed 6 for DRI is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the DRI is guided through 6 fall legs, which are each fastened in the corresponding opening on the carburetor dome, with each fall leg having knobs on its inner surface, which serve to scatter the DRI.
  • the DRI is distributed along an imaginary circle or annulus on the bed of the melter, with no DRI being charged into the center.
  • the distribution of the DRI is shown schematically in FIG. 1, the DRI distribution 7 on the fixed bed being schematically outlined. Accordingly, the scattering of the DRI in the fall legs increases the scattering radius of the DRI on the fixed bed compared to the prior art, the individual pouring surfaces partially overlapping.
  • the scattering according to the invention results in a uniform distribution and, in particular, better mixing of the DRI with the coal introduced.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a device according to the invention for guiding and scattering the DRI. It is a fall leg 8, on the inner surface of which a plurality of knobs 9 are attached. If the DRI is guided through this fall leg, it is deflected and braked by the knobs.
  • All parts of the device presented here must be adapted to the environmental conditions in their respective field of application. When used in a melter gasifier, high-temperature, wear-resistant materials are predominantly used. In addition, fire-resistant lining of those parts that are exposed to particularly high temperatures can be considered. Such parts of the device shown here, which experience has shown that they are exposed to a particular wear-related load, are additionally protected by armouring, for example by welding.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a spreading device, as is used, for example, in a melter gasifier for introducing the DRI onto the fixed bed.
  • One or more chains 13 are attached in a fall leg 10 via a suitable fastening 11 in a protective tube 12.
  • the chains have several nodes.
  • the distances between the nodes preferably vary.
  • the bulk material, which is introduced into the fall leg 10 via a feed line 14, is braked by the chains or the knots of the chains and subjected to scattering.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Chutes (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Discharge Of Articles From Conveyors (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular iron ore which has been at least partially prereduced, onto an extensive surface, in particular onto a fixed bed, this surface extending within a reactor or vessel used in physical or chemical process technology, in particular in a reactor used in a metallurgical plant to produce pig iron or primary steel products, and the lumpy bulk material being charged via at least one charging apparatus, which has at least two, in particular rotationally symmetrical, chutes, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the vertical longitudinal axis of the reactor. In this arrangement, at least a proportion of the bulk material, in particular after it has been introduced into the chute, before it comes into contact with the extensive surface, is distributed in the radial and/or tangential direction-as seen from above-at a scattering device which is assigned to at least one of the chutes and is preferably in the chute.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verteilen eines stückigen SchüttgutesMethod and device for distributing a piece of bulk material
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zum Verteilen eines stückigen Schüttgutes, insbesondere von zumindest teilweise vorreduziertem Eisenerz, auf eine ausgedehnte Fläche, insbesondere auf ein Festbett, wobei sich diese Fläche in einem Reaktor oder Behälter der physikalischen oder chemischen Verfahrenstechnik, insbesondere in einem Reaktor eines Hüttenwerkes zur Erzeugung von Roheisen oder Stahlvorprodukten, erstreckt, und das stückige Schüttgut über mindestens eine Chargiervorrichtung chargiert wird, die zumindest zwei, insbesondere rotationssymetrische, Fallbeine aufweist, welche vorzugsweise in gleichem Abstand von der Longitudinalachse des Reaktors angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a device and a method for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular at least partially pre-reduced iron ore, over an extensive area, in particular on a fixed bed, this area being in a reactor or container of physical or chemical process engineering, in particular in a reactor a metallurgical plant for the production of pig iron or intermediate steel products, and the lumpy bulk material is charged via at least one charging device, which has at least two, in particular rotationally symmetrical, falling legs, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the reactor.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiters neuartige Streueinrichtungen.The invention further relates to novel spreading devices.
Die Verteilung eines stückigen Schüttgutes auf einer ausgedehnten Fläche ist ein im Anlagenbau und in der Verfahrenstechnik bekanntes Problem. Insbesondere bei Reaktoren der chemisch/physikalischen Verfahrenstechnik werden große Anstrengungen unternommen, um einen für den jeweiligen Prozess optimalen Verteilungsgrad des Schüttgutes zu erwirken. Die falsche Beladung eines derartigen Reaktors kann zu einer Minderung in der Qualität des erzeugten Produktes, wie auch zu einer deutlich höheren Umweltbelastung, etwa durch höheren Staubaustrag, führen. Damit wird die Produktivität einer derartigen Anlage negativ beeinflußt.The distribution of lumpy bulk goods over an extensive area is a known problem in plant engineering and process engineering. Particularly in the case of reactors in chemical / physical process engineering, great efforts are made to achieve an optimum degree of distribution of the bulk material for the respective process. The incorrect loading of such a reactor can lead to a reduction in the quality of the product produced, as well as to a significantly higher environmental impact, for example due to higher dust discharge. This has a negative impact on the productivity of such a system.
US-A-4497609 beschreibt eine Vorrichtung, mittels der ein Schüttgutstrom kontinuierlich in einen Schachtofen chargiert werden kann. Dazu wird Schüttgut über mehrere Fallbeine an die Peripherie des Schachtofens chargiert.US-A-4497609 describes a device by means of which a bulk material flow can be continuously charged into a shaft furnace. For this purpose, bulk goods are charged to the periphery of the shaft furnace via several fall legs.
Unter dem Gesichtspunkt des Standes der Technik ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1, sowie eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 4 weiter zu entwickeln, mit welchem gegenüber dem Stand der Technik eine verbesserte Prozessführung sowie eine wirtschaftlichere Ausgestaltung der Anlage erreicht wird.From the standpoint of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to further develop a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 4, with which an improved process control and a more economical configuration compared to the prior art the system is reached.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß entsprechend dem Verfahren nach dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1, sowie entsprechend der Vorrichtung nach dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 4, gelöst. Es ist eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung einfach anwendbare Streueinrichtungen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 12 oder 13 zu entwickeln. Diese Aufgabe wird durch entsprechende Streueinrichtungen gemäß Anspruch 12 oder 13 gelöst.The object is achieved according to the invention in accordance with the method according to the characterizing part of claim 1 and according to the device according to the characterizing part of claim 4. It is a further object of the invention to develop easily applicable spreading devices according to the preamble of claim 12 or 13. This object is achieved by appropriate spreading devices according to claim 12 or 13.
Die vorliegende Erfindung erweist sich insbesondere bei Einsatz in einem Einschmelzvergaser als besonders vorteilhaft, und ist diesbezüglich am detailliertesten dokumentiert. Die Anwendung der Erfindung beschränkt sich jedoch nicht auf diese Ausführungsform, vielmehr handelt es sich bei der Beschreibung der Vorgänge in einem Einschmelzvergaser um eine beispielhafte Erläuterung. Die Anwendungen der Erfindung bei anderen metallurgischen Aggregaten, insbesondere bei einem Schachtofen, sind weitere konkrete Ausführungsformen der Erfindung.The present invention proves to be particularly advantageous particularly when used in a melter gasifier and is documented in this regard in the most detailed manner. However, the application of the invention is not limited to this embodiment; rather, the description of the processes in a melter gasifier is an exemplary explanation. The applications of the invention in other metallurgical units, in particular in a shaft furnace, are further specific embodiments of the invention.
Ein Einschmelzvergaser stellt ein Aggregat zur Herstellung von Roheisen oder Stahlvorprodukten dar, wie es im Stand der Technik hinlänglich bekannt ist.A melter gasifier represents an assembly for the production of pig iron or steel intermediate products, as is well known in the prior art.
Der Einschmelzvergaser, wie im Stand der Technik beschrieben, dient zum Einschmelzen eines weitgehend vorreduzierten Eisenerzes (DRI), sowie der Erzeugung von Reduktionsgas aus Reduktionsgasträgern, vorzugsweise stückiger Kohle.The melter gasifier, as described in the prior art, is used to melt a largely pre-reduced iron ore (DRI) and to generate reducing gas from reducing gas carriers, preferably lump coal.
Die Kohle sowie das DRI werden zumeist über die Kuppel des Einschmelzvergasers in selbigen eingebracht, wobei es sich als günstig erwiesen hat, die Kohle zentral einzubringen.The coal and the DRI are mostly introduced via the dome of the melting gasifier into the same, whereby it has proven to be advantageous to introduce the coal centrally.
Das DRI wird demnach über eine oder mehrere dezentral gelegene Öffnungen an der Vergaserkuppel in den Einschmelzvergaser eingebracht.The DRI is therefore introduced into the melter gasifier via one or more decentrally located openings on the gasifier dome.
Nach einer Ausfuhrungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Verteilen eines stückigen Schüttgutes, insbesondere von zumindest teilweise vorreduziertem Eisenerz, auf eine ausgedehnte Fläche, insbesondere auf ein Festbett, wobei sich diese Fläche in einem Reaktor oder Behälter der physikalischen oder chemischen Verfahrenstechnik, insbesondere in einem Reaktor eines Hüttenwerkes zur Erzeugung von Roheisen oder Stahlvorprodukten, erstreckt, wird das stückige Schüttgut über mindestens eine Chargiervorrichtung chargiert, die zumindest zwei, insbesondere rotationssymetrische, Fallbeine aufweist, welche vorzugsweise in gleichem Abstand von der Longitudinalachse des Reaktors angeordnet sind, wobei weiters zumindest ein Anteil des Schüttgutes, an einer Streueinrichtung in - von oben gesehen - radiale und/oder tangentiale Richtung verteilt wird.According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular of at least partially pre-reduced iron ore, over an extensive area, in particular on a fixed bed, this area being located in a reactor or container of physical or chemical process engineering, in particular in a reactor of a metallurgical plant to produce pig iron or intermediate steel products, the lumpy bulk material is charged via at least one charging device, which has at least two, in particular rotationally symmetrical, drop legs, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the reactor, at least a portion of the bulk material, is distributed on a spreading device in the radial and / or tangential direction, as seen from above.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Schüttgut an der Streueinrichtung zumindest teilweise innerhalb des Fallbeines verteilt. Nach einem weiteren Merkmal des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens überlappen sich die Streufelder benachbarter Fallrohre vor Erreichen des Festbettes zumindest teilweise.According to a further feature of the method according to the invention, the bulk material is at least partially distributed on the spreading device within the fall leg. According to a further feature of the method according to the invention, the stray fields of adjacent down pipes overlap at least partially before reaching the fixed bed.
Nach einem zusätzlichen Merkmal des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bildet das gesamte Streubild aller Fallrohre - von oben gesehen - im wesentlichen einen konzentrischen Ring.According to an additional feature of the method according to the invention, the entire scatter pattern of all downpipes - seen from above - essentially forms a concentric ring.
Die Erfindung ist weiters durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Verteilen eines stückigen Schüttgutes, insbesondere von Eisenschwamm, aus einem Schüttgutstrom auf eine ausgedehnte Fläche, insbesondere auf ein Festbett gekennzeichnet, wobei sich diese Fläche in einem Reaktor der physikalischen oder chemischen Verfahrenstechnik, insbesondere in einem Reaktor eines Hüttenwerkes zur Erzeugung von Roheisen oder Stahlvorprodukten, vorzugsweise in einem Einschmelzvergaser, erstreckt, und wobei das stückige Schüttgut über eine Chargiervorrichtung chargiert wird, die mindestens zwei, vorzugsweise rotationssymetrische, Fallbeine aufweist, und die Chargiervorrichtung weiters mindestens eine zusätzliche Streueinrichtung zur Streuung des Schüttgutes aufweist, mittels welchem zumindest ein Anteil des Schüttgutes in - von oben gesehen - radiale und/oder tangentiale Richtung, verteilbar ist.The invention is further characterized by a device according to the invention for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular sponge iron, from a bulk material stream onto an extensive area, in particular onto a fixed bed, this area being located in a reactor of physical or chemical process engineering, in particular in a reactor Metallurgical plant for the production of pig iron or steel intermediate products, preferably in a melter gasifier, and wherein the lumpy bulk material is charged via a charging device, which has at least two, preferably rotationally symmetrical, drop legs, and the charging device furthermore has at least one additional spreading device for spreading the bulk material, by means of which at least a portion of the bulk material can be distributed in the radial and / or tangential direction, as seen from above.
Die Verteilung eines Schüttgutes über mehrere Fallbeine bzw. Schrägrohre ist in der Verfahrenstechnik, insbesondere der Hüttentechnik, seit langem bekannt.The distribution of a bulk material over several fall legs or inclined pipes has long been known in process engineering, in particular metallurgical engineering.
Durch die zusätzliche Anbringung einer Streueinrichtung wird das Schüttgut, wie es aus den Fallbeinen auf die Fläche fällt, zusätzlich gestreut, bzw. werden die auf diese Weise gebildeten Schüttgutströme verbreitert.Through the additional attachment of a scattering device, the bulk material, as it falls from the fall legs onto the surface, is additionally scattered, or the bulk material flows formed in this way are widened.
Nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung überlappen sich die verbreiterten Schüttgutströme. Damit ist insbesondere gewährleistet, dass auch bei Ausfall eines Fallbeines, beispielsweise durch Verstopfung desselben, das Festbett eine, im wesentlichen gleichmäßige, Beschickung mit Schüttgut erfährt.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the widened bulk material flows overlap. This ensures, in particular, that even if a fall leg fails, for example due to blockage thereof, the fixed bed experiences an essentially uniform loading of bulk material.
Für eine möglichst gleichmäßige Streuung ist eine - von oben gesehen- radiale und tangentiale Verteilung besonders geeignet, allerdings bewirkt sowohl eine radiale als auch eine tangentiale Verteilung einzeln angewandt ebenfalls eine Verbreiterung des Schüttgutstromes, sowie eine, wenn auch begrenzte, Streuung des Schüttgutes.A radial and tangential distribution, as seen from above, is particularly suitable for the most uniform possible spreading, however, both radial and tangential distribution, when used individually, also broaden the bulk material flow and, albeit to a limited extent, spread the bulk material.
Nach einem Merkmal der Erfindung sind die Fallbeine in gleichem Abstand von der Longitudinalachse des Reaktors angeordnet. In besonders bevorzugter Weise wird das Schüttgut dabei auf dem Festbett an mehreren Punkten entlang eines gedachten Kreises bzw. Kreisringes abgeladen, wobei sich nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung die einzelnen den Fallbeinen zugeordneten Schüttgutströme teilweise überschneiden. Auf diese Weise kann der Ausfall eines oder mehrerer Fallbeine bei der Chargierung des Festbettes kompensiert werden.According to a feature of the invention, the fall legs are arranged at the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the reactor. In a particularly preferred manner, the bulk material is unloaded on the fixed bed at several points along an imaginary circle or circular ring, whereby according to a further preferred embodiment the individual bulk material flows assigned to the fall legs partially overlap. In this way, the failure of one or more fall legs when charging the fixed bed can be compensated.
Nach einem Merkmal der Erfindung ist die Streueinrichtung starr angeordnet.According to a feature of the invention, the spreading device is rigidly arranged.
Insbesondere bei höheren Temperaturen haben sich bewegliche Vorrichtungen, beispielsweise in einschlägigen Reaktoren der Hüttentechnik, als wenig zuverlässig erwiesen. Es sind dabei besondere Schutzmaßnahmen (Temperatur, Verschleiß) zu treffen, die einen beträchtlichen Kostenaufwand verursachen.In particular at higher temperatures, mobile devices, for example in relevant reactors in metallurgy, have proven to be less reliable. Special protective measures (temperature, wear) have to be taken, which cause considerable costs.
Eine unbewegliche, also starre, Vorrichtung ist demgegenüber kostengünstig und zuverlässig.In contrast, an immobile, that is to say rigid, device is inexpensive and reliable.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist die Streueinrichtung beweglich, aber ohne mechanischen Antrieb, insbesondere ohne jeden Antrieb, angeordnet. Starr ist in diesem Fall entsprechend einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Befestigung der Streueinrichtung.According to a further feature of the invention, the spreading device is movable, but without a mechanical drive, in particular without any drive. In this case, the attachment of the spreading device is rigid in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Nach einem Merkmal der Erfindung ist die Streueinrichtung innerhalb des Fallbeines angebracht. Damit ist gewährleistet, dass die Streueinrichtung nicht der hohen Temperatur des Einschmelzvergasers ausgesetzt ist. Insbesondere ist dabei die hohe Strahlungswärme im Gasraum zu berücksichtigen, wie sie in einem Einschmelzvergaser auftritt und eine hohe Belastung sämtlicher Einbauten hervorruft. Durch den Einbau in das Fallbein wird die Streueinrichtung effektiv vor einer derartigen thermischen, bzw. thermo-mechanischen Beanspruchung geschützt, und erzielt eine hohe Standfestigkeit.According to a feature of the invention, the spreading device is attached within the fall leg. This ensures that the spreading device is not exposed to the high temperature of the melter gasifier. In particular, the high radiant heat in the gas space must be taken into account, as occurs in a melter gasifier and causes a high load on all internals. By installing it in the fall leg, the spreading device is effectively protected against such thermal or thermo-mechanical stress and achieves a high level of stability.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung weist die Streueinrichtung eine Anzahl von Noppen auf, die an der Innenseite des Fallbeines angebracht sind.According to a further feature of the invention, the spreading device has a number of knobs which are attached to the inside of the fall leg.
Durch die Noppen wird das Material im Fallrohr abgebremst und insbesondere längs eines Kreisringes in einem vorbestimmten Abstand von einem Vergaserzentrum auf das Festbett chargiert. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die verschleißfesten Noppen im unteren Teil des Fallrohres angebracht. Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung weist die Streueinrichtung eine Kette, vorzugsweise eine Rundgliederkette, auf.The material in the downpipe is braked by the knobs and charged in particular along a circular ring at a predetermined distance from a carburetor center onto the fixed bed. According to a preferred embodiment, the wear-resistant knobs are attached in the lower part of the downpipe. According to a further feature of the invention, the spreading device has a chain, preferably a round link chain.
Die Kette stellt eine einfache und kostengünstige Alternative dar, das Material im Fallbein bzw. Schrägrohr zu bremsen, und auf diese Weise die gewünschte Chargierung entlang des Kreisringes zu erzeugen. Die Kette ist dabei aus temperaturbeständigem und verschleißfesten Material gefertigt.The chain is a simple and inexpensive alternative to brake the material in the fall leg or inclined tube, and in this way to generate the desired batch along the circular ring. The chain is made of temperature-resistant and wear-resistant material.
Nach einem weiteren zusätzlichen Merkmal weist die Kette in vorbestimmten, vorzugsweise zueinander variierenden, Abständen eine Anzahl von Streuelementen, beispielsweise Knoten, auf.According to a further additional feature, the chain has a number of scattering elements, for example nodes, at predetermined, preferably mutually varying, intervals.
Damit ist gewährleistet, dass eine besonders gleichmäßige Streuung erreicht wird.This ensures that a particularly uniform spread is achieved.
Die Erfindung ist weiters durch eine erfindungsgemäße Streueinrichtung gemäß Anspruch 12 oder 13 gekennzeichnet.The invention is further characterized by a spreading device according to the invention according to claim 12 or 13.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform weist die Streueinrichtung eine Anzahl von Ketten auf, an denen wiederum jeweils eine Anzahl von Knoten vorgesehen sind, und benachbarte Knoten in, vorzugsweise zueinander unterschiedlichen, Abständen angebracht sind.According to a special embodiment, the scattering device has a number of chains, on each of which a number of nodes are provided, and adjacent nodes are attached at distances that are preferably different from one another.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Streueinrichtung wird das Schüttgut abgebremst und gestreut, und so der resultierende Schüttgutstrom, der auf das Festbett trifft, verbreitert.The bulk material is braked and scattered by the spreading device according to the invention, thus broadening the resulting bulk material stream that strikes the fixed bed.
Nach einer besonderen Ausfύhrungsform ist eine Einrichtung vorgesehen, durch welche das Schüttgut geleitet und gestreut wird, wobei diese Einrichtung ein Fallbein aufweist, und an der Innenseite des Fallbeines eine Anzahl von Noppen angebracht ist.According to a special embodiment, a device is provided through which the bulk material is guided and scattered, this device having a fall leg and a number of knobs attached to the inside of the fall leg.
Im folgenden werden nicht einschränkende Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand von schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:In the following, non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to schematic drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 schematisch die DRI-Verteilung in einem EinschmelzvergaserFig. 1 shows schematically the DRI distribution in a melter
Fig. 2 eine beispielhafte Ausführungsform einer Einrichtung zur kombinierten Leitung und StreuungFig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device for combined line and scatter
Fig. 3 eine beispielhafte Ausführungsform einer Streueinrichtung In Fig. 1 ist schematisch die DRI-Verteilung in einem Einschmelzvergaser skizziert. Dabei weist der Einschmelzvergaser Zuführungen für Kohle 1, für DRI 6, für Staub 2, für Sauerstoff 3, sowie einen Schlacken- und Roheisenabstich 4 und eine Gasableitung 5 zur Ableitung des Reduktionsgases auf. Sowohl die Kohle wie auch das DRI werden kontinuierlich in den Einschmelzvergaser eingebracht. Die Zuführung 6 des DRI weist sechs in äquidistanten Abständen von der, entlang der Longitudinalachse ausgerichteten, Kohleeinbringung angeordnete Öffnungen in der Vergaserkuppel auf, die mit Fallbeinen bzw. schrägen Fallrohren ausgestattet sind. Stellvertretend, der besseren Übersichtlichkeit wegen, ist in Fig. 1 eine einzige Zuführung 6 für DRI dargestellt.Fig. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a spreading device In Fig. 1, the DRI distribution in a melter is schematically outlined. The melter gasifier has feeds for coal 1, for DRI 6, for dust 2, for oxygen 3, as well as a slag and pig iron rack 4 and a gas discharge line 5 for discharging the reducing gas. Both the coal and the DRI are continuously introduced into the melter. The feed 6 of the DRI has six openings in the carburettor dome which are arranged at equidistant distances from the coal introduction and are arranged along the longitudinal axis and which are equipped with fall legs or inclined down pipes. Representative, for the sake of clarity, a single feed 6 for DRI is shown in FIG. 1.
Das DRI wird durch 6 Fallbeine, die jeweils in der entsprechenden Öffnung an der Vergaserkuppel befestigt sind, geleitet, wobei jedes Fallbein an seiner Innenfläche Noppen aufweist, die zur Streuung des DRI dienen.The DRI is guided through 6 fall legs, which are each fastened in the corresponding opening on the carburetor dome, with each fall leg having knobs on its inner surface, which serve to scatter the DRI.
Das DRI wird entlang eines gedachten Kreises bzw. Kreisringes auf das Bett des Einschmelzvergasers verteilt, wobei in das Zentrum kein DRI chargiert wird. Die Verteilung des DRI ist in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt, wobei die DRI-Verteilung 7 am Festbett schematisch skizziert ist. Demnach erfolgt durch die Streuung des DRI in den Fallbeinen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik eine Vergrößerung des Streuradius des DRI am Festbett, wobei sich die einzelnen Schüttflächen teilweise überlappen. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Streuung erfolgt eine gleichmäßige Verteilung sowie insbesondere eine bessere Durchmischung des DRI mit der eingebrachten Kohle.The DRI is distributed along an imaginary circle or annulus on the bed of the melter, with no DRI being charged into the center. The distribution of the DRI is shown schematically in FIG. 1, the DRI distribution 7 on the fixed bed being schematically outlined. Accordingly, the scattering of the DRI in the fall legs increases the scattering radius of the DRI on the fixed bed compared to the prior art, the individual pouring surfaces partially overlapping. The scattering according to the invention results in a uniform distribution and, in particular, better mixing of the DRI with the coal introduced.
In Fig. 2 ist schematisch eine erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung zum Leiten und Streuen des DRI dargestellt. Es handelt sich dabei um ein Fallbein 8, an dessen Innenfläche mehrere Noppen 9 angebracht sind. Wird das DRI durch dieses Fallbein geleitet, wird es durch die Noppen abgelenkt und gebremst.2 schematically shows a device according to the invention for guiding and scattering the DRI. It is a fall leg 8, on the inner surface of which a plurality of knobs 9 are attached. If the DRI is guided through this fall leg, it is deflected and braked by the knobs.
Sämtliche Teile der hier vorgestellten Vorrichtung müssen an die Umgebungsbedingungen in ihrem jeweiligen Einsatzgebiet angepaßt werden. Bei einer Verwendung in einem Einschmelzvergaser gelangen zu einem überwiegenden Teil hochwarmfeste, verschleißfeste Werkstoffe zur Anwendung. Darüber hinaus kann an eine Feuerfestauskleidung jener Teile gedacht werden, die besonders hohen Temperaturen ausgesetzt werden. Solche Teile der hier dargestellten Vorrichtung, die erfahrungsgemäß einer besonderen verschleißbedingten Belastung ausgesetzt sind, werden zusätzlich durch Panzerungen, beispielsweise durch Aufschweißungen, geschützt.All parts of the device presented here must be adapted to the environmental conditions in their respective field of application. When used in a melter gasifier, high-temperature, wear-resistant materials are predominantly used. In addition, fire-resistant lining of those parts that are exposed to particularly high temperatures can be considered. Such parts of the device shown here, which experience has shown that they are exposed to a particular wear-related load, are additionally protected by armouring, for example by welding.
In Fig. 3 ist eine Ausführungsform zu einer Streueinrichtung, wie sie beispielsweise in einem Einschmelzvergaser zur Einbringung des DRI auf das Festbett verwendet wird, ersichtlich. Dabei wird in einem Fallbein 10 über eine geeignete Befestigung 11 in einem Schutzrohr 12 eine oder mehrere Ketten 13 angebracht.3 shows an embodiment of a spreading device, as is used, for example, in a melter gasifier for introducing the DRI onto the fixed bed. One or more chains 13 are attached in a fall leg 10 via a suitable fastening 11 in a protective tube 12.
Die Ketten weisen nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform mehrere Knoten auf. Vorzugsweise variieren dabei die Abstände der Knoten zu einander. Das Schüttgut, das über eine Zuleitung 14 in das Fallbein 10 eingeleitet wird, wird durch die Ketten bzw. die Knoten der Ketten abgebremst und einer Streuung unterworfen. According to a preferred embodiment, the chains have several nodes. The distances between the nodes preferably vary. The bulk material, which is introduced into the fall leg 10 via a feed line 14, is braked by the chains or the knots of the chains and subjected to scattering.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1. Verfahren zum Verteilen eines stückigen Schüttgutes, insbesondere von zumindest teilweise vorreduziertem Eisenerz, auf eine ausgedehnte Fläche, insbesondere auf ein Festbett, wobei sich diese Fläche in einem Reaktor oder Behälter der physikalischen oder chemischen Verfahrenstechnik, insbesondere in einem Reaktor eines Hüttenwerkes zur Erzeugung von Roheisen oder Stahlvorprodukten, erstreckt, und das stückige Schüttgut über mindestens eine Chargiervorrichtung chargiert wird, die zumindest zwei, insbesondere rotationssymetrische, Fallbeine aufweist, welche vorzugsweise in gleichem Abstand von der vertikalen Longitudinalachse des Reaktors angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein Anteil des Schüttgutes, insbesondere nach Einleitung in das Fallbein, vor seinem Auftreffen auf der ausgedehnten Fläche an einer, zumindest einem der Fallbeine zugeordneten, Streueinrichtung, vorzugsweise in dem Fallbein, in - von oben gesehen - radiale und/oder tangentiale Richtung verteilt wird.1. A method for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular of at least partially pre-reduced iron ore, over an extensive area, in particular on a fixed bed, this area being in a reactor or container for physical or chemical process engineering, in particular in a reactor of a metallurgical plant for the production of Pig iron or intermediate steel products, and the lumpy bulk material is charged via at least one charging device, which has at least two, in particular rotationally symmetrical, falling legs, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the vertical longitudinal axis of the reactor, characterized in that at least a portion of the bulk material , in particular after introduction into the fall leg, before it strikes the extended surface on a scattering device, preferably in the fall leg, associated with at least one of the fall legs, in a radial and / or tangential direction, as seen from above g is distributed.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Streufelder benachbarter Fallbeine vor Erreichen des Festbettes einander zumindest teilweise überlappen.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stray fields of adjacent fall legs at least partially overlap each other before reaching the fixed bed.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das gesamte Streubild aller Fallbeine - von oben gesehen - im wesentlichen einen konzentrischen Ring bildet.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the entire scatter pattern of all fall legs - seen from above - essentially forms a concentric ring.
4. Vorrichtung zum Verteilen eines stückigen Schüttgutes, insbesondere von Eisenschwamm, aus einem Schüttgutstrom auf eine ausgedehnte Fläche, insbesondere auf ein Festbett, wobei sich diese Fläche in einem Reaktor der physikalischen oder chemischen Verfahrenstechnik, insbesondere in einem Reaktor eines Hüttenwerkes zur Erzeugung von Roheisen oder Stahlvorprodukten, vorzugsweise in einem Einschmelzvergaser, erstreckt, und wobei das stückige Schüttgut über eine Chargiervorrichtung chargiert wird, die mindestens zwei, vorzugsweise rotationssymetrische, Fallbeine aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Chargiervorrichtung eine, zumindest einer der Fallbeine zugeordnete, Streueinrichtung zur Streuung des Schüttgutes aufweist, mittels welcher zumindest ein Anteil des Schüttgutes in - von oben gesehen - radiale und/oder tangentiale Richtung verteilbar ist.4.Device for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular sponge iron, from a bulk material flow onto an extensive area, in particular onto a fixed bed, this area being located in a reactor of physical or chemical process engineering, in particular in a reactor of a metallurgical plant for the production of pig iron or Steel preliminary products, preferably in a melter gasifier, and wherein the lumpy bulk material is charged via a charging device that has at least two, preferably rotationally symmetrical, falling legs, characterized in that the charging device has a scattering device, which is assigned to at least one of the falling legs, for scattering the bulk material , by means of which at least a portion of the bulk material can be distributed in the radial and / or tangential direction, as seen from above.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Streueinrichtung im Fallbein angeordnet ist. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the scattering device is arranged in the fall leg.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei die Fallbeine in gleichem Abstand von der vertikalen Longitudinalachse des Reaktors angeordnet sind.6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the fall legs are arranged at the same distance from the vertical longitudinal axis of the reactor.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Streueinrichtung starr angeordnet ist.7. The device according to one or more of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the scattering device is rigidly arranged.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Streueinrichtung beweglich, aber ohne mechanischen Antrieb, ausgeführt ist8. The device according to one or more of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the scattering device is movable, but without a mechanical drive
9. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Streueinrichtung eine Anzahl von Noppen aufweist, die an der Innenseite des Fallbeines angebracht sind.9. The device according to one or more of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the scattering device has a number of knobs which are attached to the inside of the fall leg.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 4 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Streueinrichtung eine Kette, vorzugsweise eine Rundgliederkette, aufweist.10. The device according to one or more of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the scattering device has a chain, preferably a round link chain.
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kette in vorbestimmten, vorzugsweise zueinander variierenden, Abständen eine Anzahl von Streuelementen, insbesondere Knoten, aufweist.11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the chain has a number of scattering elements, in particular nodes, at predetermined, preferably mutually varying, intervals.
12. Streueinrichtung, vorzugsweise zur Verwendung in einer Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 4 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Streueinrichtung eine Anzahl von Ketten aufweist, an denen wiederum jeweils eine Anzahl von Knoten vorgesehen sind, wobei benachbarte Knoten in, vorzugsweise zueinander unterschiedlichen, Abständen angebracht sind.12. Scattering device, preferably for use in a device according to one or more of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the scattering device has a number of chains, on which in turn a number of nodes are provided, with adjacent nodes in, preferably to each other different, distances are attached.
13. Streueinrichtung, vorzugsweise zur Verwendung in einer Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 4 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Streueinrichtung ein Fallbein aufweist, wobei an der Innenseite des Fallbeines eine Anzahl von Noppen angebracht ist. 13. Spreading device, preferably for use in a device according to one or more of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the spreading device has a fall leg, a number of knobs being attached to the inside of the fall leg.
EP01969651A 2000-09-22 2001-08-27 Device for distributing a lumpy bulk material Expired - Lifetime EP1325156B1 (en)

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AT0161200A AT409140B (en) 2000-09-22 2000-09-22 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DISTRIBUTING A PIECE OF BULK
PCT/EP2001/009852 WO2002027041A2 (en) 2000-09-22 2001-08-27 Method and device for distributing a lumpy bulk material

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