EP1325156B1 - Device for distributing a lumpy bulk material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular iron ore which has been at least partially prereduced, onto an extensive surface, in particular onto a fixed bed, this surface extending within a reactor or vessel used in physical or chemical process technology, in particular in a reactor used in a metallurgical plant to produce pig iron or primary steel products, and the lumpy bulk material being charged via at least one charging apparatus, which has at least two, in particular rotationally symmetrical, chutes, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the vertical longitudinal axis of the reactor. In this arrangement, at least a proportion of the bulk material, in particular after it has been introduced into the chute, before it comes into contact with the extensive surface, is distributed in the radial and/or tangential direction-as seen from above-at a scattering device which is assigned to at least one of the chutes and is preferably in the chute.

Description

The invention relates to a device for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular of at least partially prereduced iron ore, on an extensive area, in particular on a fixed bed, said surface in a reactor or container of physical or chemical process engineering, in particular in a reactor of a steelworks Production of pig iron or steel precursors, extends, and the particulate bulk material is charged via at least one charging device having at least two, in particular rotationally symmetric, fall legs, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the reactor.

The invention further relates to novel spreaders.

The distribution of a lumpy bulk material on a vast area is a well-known in plant construction and in process engineering problem. In particular, in reactors of chemical / physical process engineering, great efforts are made to obtain an optimal for the respective process degree of distribution of the bulk material. The incorrect loading of such a reactor can lead to a reduction in the quality of the product produced, as well as to a much higher environmental impact, such as higher dust discharge. Thus, the productivity of such a system is adversely affected.

US Pat. No. 4,497,609 describes a device by means of which a stream of bulk material can be charged continuously into a shaft furnace. For this purpose, bulk material is charged via several drop legs to the periphery of the shaft furnace.

From FR 1,197,358 a rotating device for feeding a furnace with bulk material is already to be taken. In this case, oscillating elements are used to initiate the bulk material.

FR 1,367,391 teaches a device for introducing bulk material, wherein the bulk material flow is divided into sub-streams and introduced into an oven.

From the standpoint of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to further develop a device according to the preamble of claim 1, with which compared to the prior art, an improved process control and a more economical design of the system is achieved.

The stated object is achieved according to the invention according to the device according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

It is a further object of the invention to develop easily applicable spreaders according to the preamble of claim 8. This object is achieved by corresponding spreaders according to claim 8.

The present invention proves to be particularly advantageous when used in a melter gasifier, and is the most detailed documented in this regard. However, the application of the invention is not limited to this embodiment, but the description of the processes in a melter gasifier is an exemplary explanation. The applications of the invention in other metallurgical aggregates, in particular in a shaft furnace, are further concrete embodiments of the invention.

A melter gasifier is an aggregate for the production of pig iron or steel precursors, as is well known in the art.

The melter gasifier, as described in the prior art, is used for melting a largely prereduced iron ore (DRI), as well as the production of reducing gas from reduction gas carriers, preferably chunk coal.

The coal and the DRI are usually introduced into the same via the dome of the melter gasifier, wherein it has proven to be beneficial to introduce the coal centrally.

The DRI is thus introduced via one or more decentralized openings on the carburetor dome in the melter gasifier.

According to a method for distributing a particulate bulk material, in particular of at least partially prereduced iron ore, on an extensive area, in particular on a fixed bed, said surface in a reactor or container of physical or chemical process engineering, in particular in a reactor of a steelworks for the production of Cast iron or steel precursors extends, the particulate bulk material is charged via at least one charging device, which has at least two, in particular rotationally symmetrical, fall legs, which preferably at the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the Reactor are arranged, wherein further at least a portion of the bulk material, at a scattering device in - seen from above - radial and / or tangential direction is distributed.

The bulk material is distributed at the scattering device at least partially within the fall leg.

The stray fields of adjacent downpipes overlap at least partially before reaching the fixed bed.

The entire scatter pattern of all downpipes forms - seen from above - essentially a concentric ring.

The invention is characterized by a device according to the invention for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular sponge iron from a bulk material flow over an extensive area, in particular on a fixed bed, said surface in a reactor of physical or chemical engineering, especially in a reactor of a steelworks for the production of pig iron or steel precursors, preferably in a melter gasifier, and wherein the particulate bulk material is charged via a charging device having at least two, preferably rotationally symmetric, fall legs, and the charging device, at least one of the fall legs associated, scattering device for widening the Has bulk material, by means of which at least a portion of the bulk material in - from the top - radial and / or tangential direction, distributable, the spreader aufwei a chain, preferably a round link chain st.

The distribution of a bulk material over several fall legs or diagonal pipes has long been known in process engineering, in particular of hut technology.

The additional attachment of a scattering device, the bulk material, as it falls from the fall legs on the surface, additionally scattered, and the bulk material flows formed in this way are widened.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the widened bulk material flows overlap. This ensures in particular that even if one fall leg fails, for example as a result of clogging, the fixed bed experiences a, substantially uniform, charge of bulk material.

For a uniform distribution as possible, a radial and tangential distribution, seen from above, is particularly suitable, but causes both a radial and a tangential distribution Distribution applied separately also a broadening of the bulk flow, as well as a, albeit limited, scattering of the bulk material.

According to a feature of the invention, the fall legs are equidistant from the longitudinal axis of the reactor.

In a particularly preferred manner, the bulk material is thereby unloaded on the fixed bed at several points along an imaginary circle or annulus, wherein according to a further preferred embodiment, the individual bulk material flows associated with the fall legs partially overlap. In this way, the failure of one or more fall legs can be compensated during the charging of the fixed bed.

According to a feature of the invention, the spreader is rigidly arranged.

In particular, at higher temperatures, mobile devices have proved to be less reliable, for example in relevant reactors of the cottage industry. There are special protective measures (temperature, wear) to make, which cause a considerable cost.

An immovable, ie rigid, device is in contrast inexpensive and reliable.

According to a further feature of the invention, the spreader is movable, but without mechanical drive, in particular without any drive arranged. Rigid is in this case according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the attachment of the spreader.

According to a feature of the invention, the spreader is mounted within the fall leg. This ensures that the spreader is not exposed to the high temperature of the melter gasifier. In particular, the high radiant heat in the gas space is to be considered, as occurs in a melter gasifier and causes a high load on all installations. By incorporation into the fall leg, the spreader is effectively protected against such thermal or thermo-mechanical stress, and achieves high stability.

According to a further feature of the invention, the spreader has a number of nubs, which are attached to the inside of the fall leg.

By the knobs, the material is decelerated in the downpipe and charged in particular along a circular ring at a predetermined distance from a carburetor center on the fixed bed. According to a preferred embodiment, the wear-resistant knobs are mounted in the lower part of the drop tube.

According to the invention, the spreader has a chain, preferably a round link chain on.

The chain provides a simple and cost effective alternative to braking the material in the fall leg or slant pipe, thus producing the desired charge along the annulus. The chain is made of temperature-resistant and wear-resistant material.

According to an additional feature, the chain has a number of scattering elements, for example knots, at predetermined distances, which preferably vary from one another.

This ensures that a particularly uniform scattering is achieved.

The invention is further characterized by a scattering device according to the invention according to claim 8.

The scattering device according to the invention has a number of chains, on each of which in turn a number of nodes are provided, wherein adjacent nodes are mounted in, preferably mutually different, distances.

As a result of the scattering device according to the invention, the bulk material is braked and scattered, and so the resulting bulk material stream which strikes the fixed bed widens.

Fig. 1

schematisch die DRI-Verteilung in einem Einschmelzvergaser (nicht nach der Erfindung)

Fig. 2

eine Ausführungsform einer Einrichtung zur kombinierten Leitung und Streuung (nicht nach der Erfindung)

Fig. 3

eine beispielhafte Ausführungsform einer Streueinrichtung

In the following non-limiting embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to schematic drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

schematically the DRI distribution in a melter gasifier (not according to the invention)

Fig. 2

an embodiment of a device for combined conduction and scattering (not according to the invention)

Fig. 3

an exemplary embodiment of a scattering device

In Fig. 1 , the DRI distribution is schematically outlined in a melter gasifier. In this case, the melter gasifier feeds for coal 1, for DRI 6, for dust 2, for oxygen 3, and a slag and pig iron 4 and a gas discharge line 5 for the discharge of the reducing gas. Both the coal and the DRI are continuously introduced into the melter gasifier. The feeder 6 of the DRI has six openings at equidistant intervals from the longitudinal axis oriented coal introduction ports in the carburetor dome, which are equipped with drop legs and inclined downcomers, respectively. By way of example, for the sake of clarity, a single feed 6 for DRI is shown in FIG.

The DRI is passed through 6 drop legs each mounted in the corresponding opening on the carburetor dome, each drop leg having studs on its inner surface which serve to spread the DRI.

The DRI is distributed along an imaginary circle on the bed of the melter gasifier, with no DRI being charged to the center. The distribution of the DRI is shown schematically in Fig. 1 , wherein the DRI distribution 7 is schematically sketched on a fixed bed. Accordingly, the scattering of the DRI in the fall legs causes an enlargement of the scattering radius of the DRI on the fixed bed, with the individual bulk surfaces partially overlapping. The scattering results in a uniform distribution and in particular a better mixing of the DRI with the coal introduced.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a device for conducting and spreading the DRI. It is a fall leg 8, on whose inner surface a plurality of knobs 9 are attached. If the DRI is passed through this fall leg, it is deflected by the knobs and braked.

All parts of the device presented here must be adapted to the environmental conditions in their respective field of use. When used in a melter gasifier, for the most part, highly heat-resistant, wear-resistant materials are used. In addition, a refractory lining of those parts can be thought of which are exposed to particularly high temperatures.

Such parts of the device shown here, which are experience exposed to a particular wear-related stress, are additionally protected by armor, for example by welding.

In Fig. 3 , an embodiment of a spreader, as used for example in a melter gasifier for introducing the DRI on the fixed bed, can be seen. In this case, one or more chains 13 are attached in a fall leg 10 via a suitable attachment 11 in a protective tube 12 .

The chains comprise a plurality of nodes according to a preferred embodiment. Preferably, the distances of the nodes vary to each other. The bulk material, which is introduced via a feed line 14 in the fall leg 10 is braked by the chains or the nodes of the chains and subjected to scattering.

Claims (8)

1. Apparatus for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular iron sponge, from a flow of bulk material onto an extensive surface, in particular onto a fixed bed, this surface extending within a reactor used in physical or chemical process engineering, in particular within a reactor of a metallurgical plant for producing pig iron or primary steel products, preferably in a melter gasifier, and the lumpy bulk material being charged via a charging apparatus which has at least two, preferably rotationally symmetrical, chutes, characterized in that the charging apparatus has a scattering device, which is assigned to at least one of the chutes, for widening the stream of bulk material, by means of which scattering device at least a proportion of the bulk material can be distributed in the radial and/or tangential direction, as seen from above.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the scattering device is arranged in the chute.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the chutes are arranged at the same distance from the vertical longitudinal axis of the reactor.
4. Apparatus according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the scattering device is arranged in a rigid manner.
5. Apparatus as claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the scattering device is designed to be moveable, but without a mechanical drive.
6. Apparatus according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the scattering device has a number of projections which are arranged on the inner side of the chute.
7. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the chain, at predetermined intervals, which preferably vary with respect to one another, has a number of scattering elements, in particular nodules.
8. Scattering device, preferably for use in an apparatus according to one or more of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the scattering device has a number of chains, on each of which, in turn, a number of nodules are provided, adjacent nodules being arranged at intervals which preferably differ from one another.

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