EP1318365A1 - Verfahren zur Regelung eines Kompressors mit variabler Kühlleistung und nach diesem Verfahren geregelter Kühl- oder Gefrierschrank - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Regelung eines Kompressors mit variabler Kühlleistung und nach diesem Verfahren geregelter Kühl- oder Gefrierschrank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1318365A1
EP1318365A1 EP01128455A EP01128455A EP1318365A1 EP 1318365 A1 EP1318365 A1 EP 1318365A1 EP 01128455 A EP01128455 A EP 01128455A EP 01128455 A EP01128455 A EP 01128455A EP 1318365 A1 EP1318365 A1 EP 1318365A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
speed
cooling capacity
temperature
refrigerator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01128455A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1318365B1 (de
Inventor
Alessandro Boer
Raffaele Paganini
Paolo Contin
Alberto Bonaglia
Rocco Petrigliano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Whirlpool Corp
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Whirlpool Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Whirlpool Corp filed Critical Whirlpool Corp
Priority to EP20010128455 priority Critical patent/EP1318365B1/de
Priority to DE2001629231 priority patent/DE60129231T2/de
Priority to ES01128455T priority patent/ES2290083T3/es
Publication of EP1318365A1 publication Critical patent/EP1318365A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1318365B1 publication Critical patent/EP1318365B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/073—Linear compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0251—Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature

Definitions

  • variable cooling capacity we mean all kinds of compressors which can vary either the motor speed (variable speed compressors) or the displacement of the compressor (linear compressors).
  • the power output of the compressor is proportional to the motor speed, which is the feature actually controlled.
  • the power output is proportional to the stroke of the piston of the compressor, which is the feature actually controlled.
  • the present inventions refers also to a new method of controlling the temperature of a refrigerator/freezer cell in which the traditional method based on temperature hysteresis (error proportional part) is replaced by a new and more efficient one.
  • the temperature control of a freezer or a refrigerator is usually obtained, in case of a fixed or variable cooling capacity (VCC) compressor, by cycling the ON/OFF compressor state, by means of a so-called "hysteresis" or relay control.
  • VCC variable cooling capacity
  • An example of the mentioned control is expressed by the following control process: if the temperature to be controlled is less than x°C, then the compressor is switched OFF (because the temperature inside the cell of the refrigerator or freezer is too low); if temperature is greater than y°C, then the compressor is switched ON (because the temperature inside the cell is too high).
  • the x and y values are two predetermined temperatures linked to the set temperature and the difference (y-x) defines the temperature hysteresis range.
  • the effect of the hysteresis or relay control is that the cabinet temperature (refrigerator or freezer) is forced to oscillate from a minimum to a maximum temperature value and so the food is never at constant temperature.
  • the oscillation amplitude of the cell temperature is not controlled because it depends on the load amount and type (thermal inertia) and from the external temperature too. For instance after the compressor has been set to ON (OFF), the temperature continues to decrease (increase) by inertia. The main consequence of this is a limited control of the food preservation because of the dependency of the load thermal inertia.
  • the ON/OFF temperature control technique commonly implemented in appliances where a usual ON/OFF compressor is installed, is also used in cases in which the compressor has a variable cooling capacity such as variable speed compressors, or linear compressors.
  • variable cooling capacity such as variable speed compressors, or linear compressors.
  • One of the purposes of the invention is thus to develop a control method and a control arrangement for a VCC compressor having a lower energy consumption than the controls known from the state of the art.
  • this is done by setting the compressor with the output signal of the electronic controller that is based on a predetermined on/off band different from the usual on/off temperature band. If a variable speed compressor is used, the output signal of the electronic controller is based on a predetermined on/off speed band. If a linear compressor is used, the output signal of the electronic controller is based on a predetermined on/off displacement band.
  • the temperature low band T LB establishes the temperature value for switching OFF the compressor.
  • T ON determines the ON condition while the T UB can be used to force the maximum cooling capacity in case of very hot cell or cabinet temperature condition.
  • a regulator system i.e. PID or a "Fuzzy Logic" control in which the temperature error and/or derivative of the error are used as input signals
  • PID a regulator system
  • a "Fuzzy Logic" control in which the temperature error and/or derivative of the error are used as input signals
  • the temperature control behavior is shown when a method according to figure 1 is adopted and when different target temperatures are set.
  • the temperature hysteresis value of this example is 0,5 °C.
  • the compressor speed S (rpm) is plotted (upper part) together with the set temperature T or the actual cell temperature A (lower part of the diagram). From the diagram, every time the actual temperature is below the target temperature by 0.5°C, the compressor is switched OFF and the Compressor Speed is set to 0 (zero) rpm.
  • FIG 2 a temperature control loop is shown in which the ON/OFF compressor condition is not determined by the temperature hysteresis control but, according to the present invention, it is determined by a hybrid control based on a cooling capacity request hysteresis control.
  • a regulator system C PID like, is used.
  • a variable cooling capacity compressor represented by a variable speed compressor VSC, is shown together with a refrigerator R and a temperature probe P inside the cell of the refrigerator.
  • the compressor speed "u” is in the example the output variable of the regulator system block C.
  • the block K defined cooling capacity adapter, receives the compressor speed computed by the regulator system as input and, within it, the speed hysteresis control is implemented.
  • the output of K block is the compressor state (ON or OFF state) and, in case of ON state, a compressor speed "u*" within a certain range value.
  • the compressor speed range is limited: i.e. 4000rpm (maximum) and 2000rpm (minimum). The low and high limits depend from motor construction (mechanical and electrical specifications).
  • Fig. 4 the control technique according to the control loop of figure 2 is shown.
  • the ON/OFF speed band substitutes the ON/OFF temperature band.
  • a hysteresis of 400 rpm is used.
  • the compressor is again switched ON only when the S PID becomes higher than a determined value Speed_ON, i.e. 2000 rpm.
  • the above control technique is also shown in the block diagram of figures 3a and 3b.
  • the first step is to read both the temperature of the sensor P in the cell and the target temperature fixed by the user.
  • an assessment of the error is made at present time t 0 and at previous times t 1 and t 2 .
  • the incremental cooling capacity which is due to the proportional part of the error, is calculated.
  • the incremental cooling capacity which is due to the derivative part of the error, is calculated.
  • the incremental cooling capacity which is due to the integral part of the error, is calculated.
  • the sum of the above three components is calculated.
  • the new request of cooling capacity is calculated by the controller.
  • step 9 if the new request of cooling capacity is considered too low (i.e. lower than a predetermined value Speed_OFF), then the compressor is given a state off (OFF_state).
  • OFF_state if the new request of cooling capacity is higher than the re-switching threshold speed_on, then the compressor is given a state on (ON_state).
  • Reset_Cooling_Capacity This is a predetermined value on which the control system restarts the control loop when the compressor is switched on.
  • a preferred strategy for further reducing energy consumption is to select the reset value as the value corresponding to minimum cooling capacity (minimum speed).
  • step 12 corresponds to the limitation of the control action to the maximum allowed (maximum speed).
  • step 13 corresponds to the limitation of the control action to the minimum that is allowed without switching off the compressor.
  • step 14 the cooling capacity difference between the new request fixed by the controller and the present request actually carried out by the compressor is assessed.
  • step 15 the variable Actual_Cooling_Capacity is given the request change.
  • Step 16 corresponds to a lower limitation for the cooling capacity; this is due to certain technical limitations of variable speed compressors that, at very low speed, do not guarantee a proper lubrication.
  • Step 17 corresponds to an upper limitation of cooling capacity and step 18 is a final check of the state of the compressor in order to decide if it is switched on or switched off. Of course at the end of the above control flow a new control cycle starts with the same flow pattern.
  • the u control parameter of the regulator system is set to a convenient predetermined value: Reset_Cooling _Capacity.
  • Reset_Cooling _Capacity is set to the minimum cooling capacity of the compressor.
  • Figure 6 shows the advantages of the method according to the invention.
  • One of such advantages is that temperature oscillation is strongly reduced because the number of cycles is reduced or even said cycles are eliminated.
  • the compressor speed determined by the regulator system C (i.e. PID)
  • PID the proportional part of the error
  • All these components make the control able to compensate the temperature error by its present, past and future error state.
  • the u control parameter includes all or some of the above mentioned information and not only the proportional part as the conventional control does by switching the compressor OFF when the temperature is below to a threshold value.
  • the present invention makes use of a hybrid control system able to reduce the cooling capacity request up to reach the minimum admitted value ad set this value to the compressor. In cases in which the cell or cabinet temperature continues to decrease the OFF condition is obtained only when the u control parameter is below a certain threshold vale.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
EP20010128455 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 Verfahren zur Regelung eines Kompressors mit variabler Kühlleistung und nach diesem Verfahren geregelter Kühl- oder Gefrierschrank Expired - Lifetime EP1318365B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20010128455 EP1318365B1 (de) 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 Verfahren zur Regelung eines Kompressors mit variabler Kühlleistung und nach diesem Verfahren geregelter Kühl- oder Gefrierschrank
DE2001629231 DE60129231T2 (de) 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 Verfahren zur Regelung eines Kompressors mit variabler Kühlleistung und nach diesem Verfahren geregelter Kühl- oder Gefrierschrank
ES01128455T ES2290083T3 (es) 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 Metodo de control de un compresor de capacidad de refrigeracion variable y refrigerador o congelador controlado por dicho metodo.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20010128455 EP1318365B1 (de) 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 Verfahren zur Regelung eines Kompressors mit variabler Kühlleistung und nach diesem Verfahren geregelter Kühl- oder Gefrierschrank

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1318365A1 true EP1318365A1 (de) 2003-06-11
EP1318365B1 EP1318365B1 (de) 2007-07-04

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EP20010128455 Expired - Lifetime EP1318365B1 (de) 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 Verfahren zur Regelung eines Kompressors mit variabler Kühlleistung und nach diesem Verfahren geregelter Kühl- oder Gefrierschrank

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1318365B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60129231T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2290083T3 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1482265A1 (de) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-01 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Kühlvorrichtung
WO2005075904A1 (de) * 2004-02-09 2005-08-18 Linde Kältetechnik GmbH & Co. KG (tief)kühlmöbel mit naturumlauf
WO2005075901A1 (de) * 2004-02-09 2005-08-18 Linde Kältetechnik GmbH & Co. KG Kälteanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer kälteanlage
WO2006008231A1 (en) * 2004-07-22 2006-01-26 Whirlpool Corporation Method for controlling a refrigeration appliance
DE102004002174B4 (de) * 2004-01-16 2010-09-16 Audi Ag Verfahren und Regeleinrichtung zum Regeln eines Verdichters
US11060776B2 (en) 2019-03-27 2021-07-13 Follett Corporation Method for controlling a refrigeration device
EP2220450B2 (de) † 2007-11-09 2022-11-30 Carrier Corporation Transportkühlsystem und betriebsverfahren

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202008009169U1 (de) * 2008-07-08 2009-11-19 Liebherr-Hausgeräte Ochsenhausen GmbH Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät
DE202010009418U1 (de) 2010-05-27 2010-10-07 Ezetil E.Zorn Gmbh Und Co. Vertriebs Kg Steuer- und Regelvorrichtung für ein Peltier-Element einer Kühlbox
EP2390601A1 (de) 2010-05-27 2011-11-30 EZetil E.Zorn GmbH & Co Vertriebs KG Verfahren zur Steuerung und Regelung der Energieversorgung eines Peltier-Elements einer Kühlbox sowie Steuer-und Regelvorrichtung hierfür
CN114137823B (zh) * 2021-11-10 2023-12-26 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 一种机械制冷机低温区多级温控的pid参数整定方法

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3938017A (en) * 1974-03-05 1976-02-10 Johnson Service Company Anti-reset windup proportional and integral controller
US4918932A (en) * 1989-05-24 1990-04-24 Thermo King Corporation Method of controlling the capacity of a transport refrigeration system
US4934157A (en) * 1987-08-28 1990-06-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Apparatus for controlling a variable displacement refrigerant compressor for a car air-conditioner
US5148685A (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-09-22 Zexel Corporation Control system for variable-capacity compressor in air conditioner
US5229699A (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-07-20 Industrial Technology Research Institute Method and an apparatus for PID controller tuning
DE4322366A1 (de) * 1993-07-05 1995-01-12 Siemens Ag Regeleinrichtung
US5428965A (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-07-04 Whirlpool Corporation Motor control for refrigeration appliance
US5535593A (en) * 1994-08-22 1996-07-16 Hughes Electronics Apparatus and method for temperature control of a cryocooler by adjusting the compressor piston stroke amplitude
JPH09196535A (ja) * 1996-01-22 1997-07-31 Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd 冷蔵庫

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3938017A (en) * 1974-03-05 1976-02-10 Johnson Service Company Anti-reset windup proportional and integral controller
US4934157A (en) * 1987-08-28 1990-06-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Apparatus for controlling a variable displacement refrigerant compressor for a car air-conditioner
US4918932A (en) * 1989-05-24 1990-04-24 Thermo King Corporation Method of controlling the capacity of a transport refrigeration system
US5148685A (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-09-22 Zexel Corporation Control system for variable-capacity compressor in air conditioner
US5229699A (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-07-20 Industrial Technology Research Institute Method and an apparatus for PID controller tuning
DE4322366A1 (de) * 1993-07-05 1995-01-12 Siemens Ag Regeleinrichtung
US5428965A (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-07-04 Whirlpool Corporation Motor control for refrigeration appliance
US5535593A (en) * 1994-08-22 1996-07-16 Hughes Electronics Apparatus and method for temperature control of a cryocooler by adjusting the compressor piston stroke amplitude
JPH09196535A (ja) * 1996-01-22 1997-07-31 Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd 冷蔵庫

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 11 28 November 1997 (1997-11-28) *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1482265A1 (de) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-01 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Kühlvorrichtung
US7191609B2 (en) 2003-05-30 2007-03-20 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Cooling apparatus
DE102004002174B4 (de) * 2004-01-16 2010-09-16 Audi Ag Verfahren und Regeleinrichtung zum Regeln eines Verdichters
WO2005075904A1 (de) * 2004-02-09 2005-08-18 Linde Kältetechnik GmbH & Co. KG (tief)kühlmöbel mit naturumlauf
WO2005075901A1 (de) * 2004-02-09 2005-08-18 Linde Kältetechnik GmbH & Co. KG Kälteanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer kälteanlage
WO2006008231A1 (en) * 2004-07-22 2006-01-26 Whirlpool Corporation Method for controlling a refrigeration appliance
US7665317B2 (en) 2004-07-22 2010-02-23 Whirlpool Corporation Method for controlling a refrigeration appliance
EP2220450B2 (de) † 2007-11-09 2022-11-30 Carrier Corporation Transportkühlsystem und betriebsverfahren
US11060776B2 (en) 2019-03-27 2021-07-13 Follett Corporation Method for controlling a refrigeration device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2290083T3 (es) 2008-02-16
EP1318365B1 (de) 2007-07-04
DE60129231D1 (de) 2007-08-16
DE60129231T2 (de) 2008-03-13

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