EP1313901B1 - Device such as a carding machine for processing fibres - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device, such as a carding machine, for processing fibers, said device comprising a cylinder, which is provided with a lining, and at least two carding segments which are arranged one after the other in the direction of rotation at least over an area of the circumference of said cylinder, each of said carding segments being provided with a toothed lining. The present invention aims at improving the efficiency of such a device especially in terms of fiber parallelization. In order to achieve this, the toothed linings of the carding segments are designed differently; when the fibers are engaged by the toothed lining of the carding segment constituting the upstream carding segment in the direction of rotation, the resultant influence on an individual fiber entrained by the circumference of the cylinder will be equal to or more intensive than the influence exerted when the fibers are engaged by the toothed lining of a carding segment constituting a downstream carding segment in the direction of rotation.

Description

The present invention relates to a carding or carding machine, with a garniturbestückten roller and at least two at least over a range of the roll circumference and rotationally successively arranged Kardiersegmenten, each provided with a toothed set, wherein toothed sets of Kardiersegmente are designed differently.

Such a card is for example from the DE-OS 2,226,914 known. The carding segments described there have different stocking densities.

Such devices are used to clean, open and parallelize raw fibers, eg. B. cotton. The starting material (flake mold) is fed via a Öffnerwalzeneinheit a garniturbestten roller (for example, Tambour) and taken by this at its periphery in the direction of rotation. For this purpose, the roller is equipped with a large number of saw teeth. Usually, this toothed set is produced by producing a sawtooth wire, which is then unwound on the outer circumference of the roll. The tooth shapes can be shaped differently for the most diverse applications. Mainly, however, the tooth tips point in the direction of rotation.

So that the fibers are not only taken along by the gamutorequipped roll, but that a processing is present, carding segments are arranged at least over part of the circumference of the roll. As a rule, a carding segment extends over the entire width of the roller. The bottom of a carding segment is arcuately adapted to the outer periphery of the garnitubestückten roller and also has a toothed set. In many cases, the teeth are arranged in rows of teeth one behind the other and are also produced by inserting a sawtooth wire. The tooth shape is similar to the tooth shape on the garniturbestückten roller, wherein the tooth tips facing counter to the direction of rotation of the garniturbestückten roller. The carding segments are moved up to the roller so far that an opening, combing or parallelizing process is performed on the fibers.

There may be cleaning stations with dirt and fiber debris suction between the carding segments. This means that the carding segments can also be arranged at some distance from each other. This type of device for the treatment of fiber material has long been known and has proven itself. Of course, one is also anxious here, yet to bring about improvements. In particular, the effectiveness of Faserparallelisisierung be increased. In addition, different fibers sometimes require different processing methods.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a device, such as carding or carding, for the fiber processing according to the aforementioned type, which performs a more effective fiber parallelization.

This object is achieved in that the teeth of the Zahngamituren have a cutting angle which is greater, at least in the middle at a front Kardiersegment than in a subsequent carding segment, so that the engagement of the tooth set of the front in the direction of rotation Kardiersegmentes a greater impact on a peripheral the roll entrained individual fiber, as the engagement of the toothed set of a following in the direction of rotation Kardiersegmentes.

As a result, in the running or rotational direction of the roller, the engagement of the toothed sets of the carding segments changes from initially intensive to gentle on the fiber. In this case, action or mechanical action on an individual fiber entrained on the circumference of the rollers means the intensity or aggressiveness with which the respective toothed clothing comes into contact with a fiber guided past the carding segments. The fibers which are introduced in the form of flakes at the beginning of the carding process are immediately intensively processed by the geometry of the initial dental gavage, in which case adaptation of the dental prostheses can take place depending on the degree of opening of the fibers, so that the desired effect is established. Surprisingly, it has always been the other way around in the prior art. At the beginning of the carding process, the still unopened fibers were processed with a smaller impact, if possible, than with an increasing degree of opening. Presumably, it was endeavored to work the fibers more intensively at the point where the degree of opening was already more advanced.

It is crucial in this present invention that the toothed sets of the carding segments cause the different processing effect from intense to less intense without having to influence other parameters. Due to the dependence on simple geometrical relationships can be made in a very straightforward and cost-effective manner for different fiber types optimal assembly with carding segments. It can thus on the same device, carding or carding, a whole range of different Tooth forms are used. It has been found that a very effective fiber processing or processing with relatively high speeds and a very good result can be carried out by this configuration. In particular, the tendency of the Zahngamitur due to the tooth geometry to pull away fibers from the roller, to be reduced, so that the fibers are conveyed optimally in the machining gap between Kardiersegment and roller. A tooth set which is optimally adapted to the degree of opening of the fibers can be recognized by the uniform wear of the machining height of the teeth.

A very simple variant of the embodiment of the present invention is that the teeth of the toothed sets have a cutting angle α, which is greater, at least on average, in a front carding segment than in a subsequent carding segment. Due to the design, the tooth sets often have hundreds of teeth. In most cases, although a single comparison of a tooth of a Zahngamitur a Kardiersegments would be sufficient with a tooth of a toothed set of a subsequent carding segment. For the effect, however, it is completely sufficient if on average it appears that the front carding segment has a more aggressive engagement than the subsequent carding segment. In this respect, an average cutting angle α is used. Looking at the tooth of the Zahngamitur as part of the usual with a wedge shape angle specifications, so the cutting angle α spans between the rake face or here fiber processing surface of the tooth and an imaginary line extending from the tooth tip to the center of the roller. This means that the front carding segments act on the fibers at a shallower angle, whereas in subsequent carding segments, the working surfaces of the teeth continue to line up against the fiber.

As a result of the change in the cutting angle α, the toothed clothing of the first carding segment plucks, pulls or tightens the fibers more strongly than subsequent carding segments. The ever smaller angle α has the consequence that the fibers no longer penetrate with the intensity or depth in the tooth region of the toothed set. Rather, it causes the fibers are no longer so strong tend to penetrate into the processing area of the tooth set of Kardiersegmente due to the ever dulling tooth shape. Experiments have shown that this also makes the fibers better over the entire height of the processing area of the teeth, which is particularly evident from the wear pattern. The Teeth wear substantially evenly over their entire height of the machining zone. Neither the tip nor the foot of the machining zone are subject to greater wear.

Another possibility via the tooth shape to influence the desired carding effect is that the teeth of the tooth sets have an area which is spanned between the outer cutting area contour line comprising the cutting area and an imaginary degree of connection perpendicularly intersecting the roller axis and the tooth tip. this being greater, at least on average, in the case of a front carding segment than in a subsequent carding segment. This means that the area fraction below the processing surface of the tooth is greater at the beginning of the carding process than subsequently, so that presumably more fibers can initially penetrate into the processing area of the toothed segments of the carding segments than in subsequent carding segments. Assuming that all of the tooth tips of the carding segments are equidistant from the clothing of the roller, the fibers are pressed with increasing opening degree by the geometry of the tooth forms of the carding segments more and more in the direction of the roller. As a result, the fibers are optimally transported on average in the carding gap between the respective carding segment and the roller. The influence that the teeth of the carding segment have on the fibers is then usually lower due to this geometrical adaptation.

Another design measure is that the teeth of the toothed sets have a cutting area and a foot area and the width of the foot area is greater in the case of a front carding segment than in a subsequent carding segment. On the one hand, this variant can be exploited to arrange the teeth of the various carding segments offset one behind the other. On the other hand, it is also possible to provide the subsequent carding segment with a much narrower tooth placement. These can then be designed correspondingly smaller for a less aggressive intervention.

Another measure for realizing the invention may be that a tooth pitch of the teeth of the teeth sets is greater in a front carding segment than in a subsequent carding segment. In the present case, the term tooth pitch is understood to mean the distance from one tooth tip to the next tooth tip in the carding direction. This means that for subsequent carding segments the teeth are closer together.

In addition, the teeth of the toothed fittings may have a height that is greater, at least on average, in a front carding segment than in a subsequent carding segment. Again, it depends again essentially on the average height of the teeth of a tooth set. The lower height in subsequent carding segments automatically provides less aggressive engagement when e.g. the carding segments are set at the same height with respect to the roller.

But it is also possible to maintain the total height of the teeth in all Kardiersegmenten and provide according to a variant in that the cutting areas of the teeth of the toothed fittings have a height which is greater, at least on average in a front Kardiersegment than in a subsequent carding segment. The engagement of the individual teeth is then due to the lower height of the cutting areas less intense and not due to the total height of the teeth. The tips of the teeth can thus be arranged in all carding segments at the same distance from the roller and still produce this positive effect.

A further improvement of the parallelization and processing of the fibers can be achieved in that the teeth or formed by the teeth, extending in the direction of rotation tooth rows of Zahngamitur a front Kardiersegments a lateral offset to the teeth or formed by the teeth, in the direction of rotation have extending rows of teeth teeth of the subsequent Kardiersegments. The teeth of a single Kardiersegments can be arranged in each case seen in the carding or rotation of the roller in a row one behind the other. However, the teeth of the subsequent carding segment are to be positioned offset for this purpose, so that a processing of the fibers over the entire width can take place independent of the respective carding predetermined paths.

Preferably, the result of the width of a tooth of the tooth set of a front carding segment divided by the width of a tooth of the Zahngamitur the subsequent Kardiersegments be unequal to an integer. This automatically ensures that it is impossible to arrange the teeth one after the other leading to a subsequent carding segment. The teeth must inevitably always be offset due to the odd pitch to each other.

A further embodiment variant provides that the teeth of a carding segment arranged one behind the other in the direction of rotation are offset relative to one another. As a result, as large as possible processing over the entire width of the roller with a correspondingly enhanced parallelizing effect are achieved within a single carding segment.

Furthermore, dirt separation devices can be arranged at least between some carding segments. These can eg according to the DE 19852562 be designed. This is usually a guide bar, which is adjustable in height and a subsequent Ausscheidemesser which acts on the fiber at a certain angle and removes dirt particles by the impact effect.

Conveniently, additional suction devices or a suction device are provided, which removes fiber fragments and dirt particles from the carding area. For this purpose, there are sufficient design possibilities in the prior art.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the carding segments of the cover have a distance between the shoulder and the tooth tips in the local tooth sets, which is smaller than the distance between the shoulder and the associated tooth tips in the tooth set of the spool. By thus formed lower lane height in the flat clothings ensures that the fibers get faster from the lids back on the spool. This seems to be initially absurd, since the more aggressive tooth engagement in the first Kardiersegmenten evidently causes exactly the opposite, namely that the fiber flakes are drawn in reaching the Kardierelementes of the carding zone of the spool in the lid and gradually the Fasem individually from the lid be brought out and parallelized. Due to the lower lane height in the flat clothings this effect is maintained, but without the lids are too filled with fibers. Overall, this reduces the residence time of the fibers in the flat clothings, which naturally brings with it an increase in the hourly output of the carding machine.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a carding segment for a device, such as carding or carding, for the fiber processing, which is provided with a Zahngamitur. The carding segment is characterized in that the tooth geometry of the Zahngamitur is configured differently in the machine direction and an engagement of a front in the machining direction of the toothed area an equal or greater impact on an individual fiber to be processed as or as the engagement of a downstream in the processing direction of the toothed clothing. The desired effect can also be achieved with such a carding segment within the processing area of the carding segment itself. Here, in particular, relatively large carding segments would be conceivable which can bring about this effect overall. The change in tooth geometry within this carding segment can be made in the same way as the previous changes made from carding segment to carding segment. It is therefore possible changes in the angle, the height, etc. within a single Kardiersegmentes.

In addition, the invention also relates to a method for opening, combing and parallelizing fibers by means of a gamiturbestückten roller and at least two at least over a range of the roll circumference and in the direction of rotation successively arranged Kardiersegmenten, each provided with a Zahngamitur. The method is characterized in that the tooth sets are designed differently, and that the tooth geometry of the Zahngamituren the Kardiersegmente has a cutting angle (α), which is greater, at least on average in a front carding segment, as in a subsequent direction of rotation (B) Kardiersegment in that, as the degree of opening of the fibers progresses, the carding or parallelization of the fibers takes place with a decreasing intensity. The inventive method is carried out as a function of the degree of opening of the fibers and the wear on the tooth sets in contrast to the carding methods used so far. As a result, in particular, the fibers are optimally conveyed and processed in the machining gap between the carding segments and the roller. Experiments have shown that this can achieve very good results with improved wear behavior. Why has always been reversed in the prior art and the fibers were processed with increasing degree of opening with greater impact or aggressiveness, can be answered in retrospect only on the basis of an obvious misconception.

Fig. 1

eine Kardiervorrichtung mit mehreren hintereinander angeordneten Kardiersegmenten in einer schematischen Seitenansicht.

Fig. 2

einen Ausschnitt aus einer Zahngarnitur eines Kardiersegments in einer vergrößerten Seitenansicht,

Fig. 3

eine Ansicht auf einen Zahn aus der Garnitur aus Fig. 2 entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 2 geschnitten,

Fig. 4

einen Ausschnitt aus einer Zahngamitur eines Kardiersegments in einer vergrößerten Seitenansicht zur Erläuterung von Flächenzusammenhängen,

Fig. 5

eine Unteransicht auf zwei hintereinander angeordnete Kardiersegmente, wobei die Zahngarnitur nur teilweise schematisch dargestellt ist,

Fig. 6

eine schematische Darstellung zur Verdeutlichung des Versatzes zwischen den Zäh nen eines vorderen Kardiersegments und eines dahinterliegenden Kardiersegments,

Fig. 7

eine schematische Unteransicht eines Kardiersegments mit schräg verlaufenden Zahnreihen,

Fig. 8

eine schematische Darstellung der Zahngamitur eines einzelnen Kardiersegments, die sich in Bearbeitungsrichtung verändert, und

Fig. 9

in einer schematischen Darstellung eine Schnittansicht durch einen Sägezahndraht der Tambourgarnitur mit einem darüber angeordneten Sägezahndraht einer Deckel garnitur.

In the following, embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a carding device with a plurality of successively arranged Kardiersegmenten in a schematic side view.

Fig. 2

a detail of a toothed set of a carding segment in an enlarged side view,

Fig. 3

a view of a tooth from the clothing Fig. 2 along the line III-III in Fig. 2 cut,

Fig. 4

a detail of a Zahngamitur a Kardiersegments in an enlarged side view to illustrate surface relationships,

Fig. 5

a bottom view of two consecutively arranged carding segments, wherein the toothed set is shown only partially schematically,

Fig. 6

a schematic representation to illustrate the offset between the Tough NEN a front carding segment and a carding segment behind it,

Fig. 7

a schematic bottom view of a carding segment with oblique rows of teeth,

Fig. 8

a schematic representation of the Zahngamitur a single Kardiersegments that varies in the machine direction, and

Fig. 9

in a schematic representation of a sectional view through a sawtooth wire of the spool set with a sawtooth wire arranged above a lid garnish.

In the Fig. 1 schematically a carding device 1 in a plane perpendicular to a rotation axis A of a carding roller or a drum 2 is shown. The lateral surface 3 of the spool 2 is provided with a garnish 4 for processing fiber material. The set 4 consists of wound toothed wire, wherein the individual teeth point with their tips in the direction of rotation or carding B. The design of such sets 4 is well known in the art and will not be described in detail here. It can be seen from the arrow B that the drum 2 rotates clockwise. On the left side is shown schematically a Öffnerwalze 5, which feeds the Fasern the drum 2. Again, known Öffnerwalzenvorrichtungen can be used. There are enough examples in the prior art. On the opposite side is a pickup roller 6, which is schematically for the Abnähmevorrichtung that remove the carded fibers back from the spool 2 and remove for further processing. Also with respect to the removal devices 6, there are enough examples in the prior art that need not be discussed in detail.

On the outer circumference, at least in the upper region (in the section between Öffnerwalze 5 and doffer roller 6), there are several successively arranged Kardiersegmente 7 to 10. Each of these Kardiersegmente 7 to 10 is arranged at some distance above the outer surface 3 of the main cylinder 2. In addition, the segments are also adapted to the contour of the spool 2 and therefore extend arcuately, with their underside as always at the same distance from Jacket surface 3 is arranged. On the bottom 11, these carding segments 7 to 10 are provided with a tooth set 12 to 15. Similar to the garnish 4 of the spool 2, these sprockets consist of juxtaposed toothed wire sections. The basic design and arrangement of such sets of carding is also known in the art.

Essentially new and inventive in the device according to the Fig. 1 is the fact that the teeth sets 12-15 process the fibers with decreasing aggressiveness in the order mentioned here. In the present case this means that there are four different levels of aggressiveness. Of course, there would also be the possibility that two carding segments arranged one behind the other would work the fibers with the same aggressiveness, and then the subsequent carding segments would again be less aggressive. In addition, only carding segments 7 to 10 are shown for reasons of simplification in this variant. Usually, other processing devices could still be arranged on the circumference of the spool 2. In particular, when the opener roller 5 and the take-off roller 6 are arranged further down on the circumference of the main cylinder 2, a larger work area is available, which allows a further arrangement of additional carding segments or other processing equipment.

Each Kardiersegment 7 to 10 can be regarded as a kind of cover piece, which is arranged floating at a small distance above the spool 2 and in contrast to the drum 2 is stationary. Accordingly, between the toothed set 4 of the spool 2 and the toothed sets 12 to 15 of the carding segments 7 to 10 there is a machining gap 16 for carding the fibers, not shown.

Between each of the carding segments 7 to 10, a separation channel 17 is provided for the removal of impurities and fiber fragments. In each case at the end of the carding segments 7, 8 and 9, an L-shaped, strip-like hold-down 18 is present, which pushes the coming out of the machining gap 16 fibers slightly down so that they then expand explosively outward and come into contact with a Ausscheidemesser 19 , The Ausscheidemesser 19 can take a variety of angular positions, so that with different cutting angles, the excretion can take place. The height of the Ausscheidemessers 19 on the Zahngamitur the spool 2 can be adjusted. Also, the height of the blank holder 18 corresponding to the drum 2 for changing the Distance adjustable. Through the gap between hold-down 18 and Ausscheidemesser 19 then the dirt particles and fiber fragments are removed. Over each separation channel 17, a separate suction device can be arranged. However, it is quite possible to arrange a suction hood over the entire complex. Again, there are various design options in the art that can be adopted for these purposes.

The following will now be based on the Fig. 2 and 3 on the geometry of the teeth of the carding segments 7 to 10 are discussed in more detail.

The Fig. 2 represents an enlarged view of a small section of the toothed set of Kardiersegments 7. For this purpose, the Zahngamitur 12 is turned upside down. For reasons of simplicity, only one row of teeth is shown. The individual teeth 20 of the toothed set 12 are, at least as long as they are arranged in a row, made of a common steel wire. In the prior art, there are a variety of forms of such Kardierzähne and a variety of manufacturing processes. All should be applicable here. In the Fig. 2 Teeth 20 are shown in the form of a sawtooth profile. For reasons of simplicity, the angle designations and ratios, as they are commonly used in cutting tools, also used here to describe the gear set 12.

Accordingly, each tooth 20 has a wedge angle β and a cutting angle α. The cutting angle α spans between a tangent to the chip or machining surface 21 and a line 22 whose course is defined by the shortest connection between the tooth tip 23 and the axis A of the main cylinder 2. These ratios are of course with built-in carding 7. The wedge angle β is usually less than 45 °, so that relatively sharp teeth 20 are generated. The distance t between a tooth tip 23 to the next tooth tip 23 of a row of teeth is referred to in the present case as a tooth pitch. In most cases, hundreds of these teeth 20 are attached to the underside 11 of a carding element 7-10.

Based on Fig. 3 is a section along the line III-III in Fig. 2 to see through a toothed wire 24. As a tooth 20 in the present case, the entire in Fig. 3 shown construction with the height h understood. This tooth 20 is subdivided into an upper cutting area 25 with the height h _s and a lower foot area 26. The foot area 26 is wider than the cutting area 25, so that when juxtaposed toothed wires 24, the cutting areas 25 have a lateral distance from each other. The cutting region 25 extends along one side of the toothed wire 24 to the tooth tip 23 and merges substantially seamlessly into the foot region 26, whereas on the other side the transition takes place by means of a step 27 in the foot region 26. The foot region 26 has a width F _st . This foot width F _st ultimately ensures the distance between the cutting areas 25 of a toothed set. The foot region 26 serves for anchoring the toothed wires on the underside 11 of the carding segments 7 to 10.

Based on Fig. 1 It can now be seen diagrammatically that the angle α in the carding segment 7 is greater than in the carding segment 8, in which the carding segment 8 is larger than in the carding segment 9 and in the carding segment 9 is larger than in the carding segment 10. This means that the working surface 21 of the tooth 20 moves ever further in the direction of the imaginary connecting line 22. Under greater not only the amount size, but also negative sign understood, so that negative angle values according to the definition of Fig. 2 also to be regarded as smaller angle.

Furthermore, the tooth pitch t also decreases from carding segment to carding segment in direction B. This means that the tooth pitch t in the carding segment 7 is greater than the carding segment 8, the carding segment 8 is larger than the carding 9 and the carding segment 9 is greater than the carding 10. The distance between the teeth 20 is thus smaller from carding segment to carding segment.

Furthermore, the height h _{s of} the cutting area 25 in carding direction B decreases from carding segment to carding segment. Specifically, this means that the height h _s in the carding segment 7 is greater than in the carding segment 8, the carding segment 8 is greater than the carding segment 9 and the carding segment 9 is greater than the carding segment 10. This also reduces the total height h of the teeth 20th from carding segment to carding segment.

In one embodiment, not shown, there would also be the possibility that the total height h is maintained and only the height h _{s of} the cutting area 25 is reduced.

In the above-mentioned reductions in the dimensions of the angle α, the tooth pitch t, the foot width F _st and the cutting area height h _s are averaged values with respect to the respective carding segments 7 to 10. This is intended to ensure that the aggressiveness with which the fibers are processed decreases from carding segment to carding segment. Accordingly, the carding segment 7 operates more aggressively than the carding segment 8, the carding segment 8 more aggressively than the carding segment 9 and the carding segment 9 more aggressive than the carding segment 10. Aggressiveness is to be understood as the intensity of the effect of the carding segments on the fibers. Preferably, all these measures are used in combination. However, it is quite possible to change only one of these dimensions.

Based on Fig. 4 is explained that the processing surface 21 in the side view of a contour line, starting from the tooth tip 23, spans, which is concavely curved in the foot region of the tooth 20. An imaginary connecting line 22, which intersects the axis A of the roller at right angles and runs exactly through the tip 23 of the tooth 20, includes in the region of its extension together with the contour line of the tooth 20 a surface piece F a. This surface piece F can be determined for each tooth of the toothed sets 12, 13, 14 and 15. Both in the change of the angle α and in the change of other parameters according to the teaching of this invention, this surface piece F is always smaller in a subsequent carding segment than in a previous carding segment. In this context, it is also possible in turn to focus on an average area size of the area F per carding segment 7, 8, 9 or 10. If the thickness of the teeth 20 is also included in these considerations, the volume below the working surface 21 is also reduced, so that not so many fibers can be absorbed in this area with decreasing surface area of the surface F. This always leads wider open fibers to a more even distribution along the working surface 21 and a uniform wear.

In the following, we will explain the operation and operation of the above embodiment in more detail.

About the opener roller 5 fibers are supplied to the drum 2 and taken from the tooth set 4 on the lateral surface 3 in the direction of rotation B. Upon entry of the fibers into the gap 16 between the first carding segment 7 and the spool 2 takes place a combing process for parallelizing the fibers. This is due to the fact that the tooth tips 23 of the toothed garnish 12 of the carding segment 7 points counter to the toothed garnish 4 of the spool 2. By the subsequent dirt separation in the separation channel 17 first fiber fragments and dirt particles are removed.

Subsequently, the fiber material still passes through the working gaps 16 between the carding segments 8 and 9 or 10 and the spool 2, wherein the carding or parallelization of the fibers takes place in each case with decreasing intensity. The intensity decreases due to the above-described embodiment of the toothed sets 12 to 15 on the carding segments 7 to 10. Subsequently, the parallelized and entrained fibers are removed via the doffer roller 6 again from the spool 2 and removed for further processing.

Based on Fig. 5 to 7 Further design possibilities of the carding segments will be explained in more detail.

In Fig. 5 the lower sides of two consecutively arranged carding segments 7 and 8 are shown. For reasons of simplification, only a part of the toothed sets 12 and 13 is shown. In the present case toothed wires are used with a plurality of teeth 20, which extend substantially parallel to a plane perpendicular to the axis A intersecting plane. The tooth tips of the teeth 20 are in accordance with the view in Fig. 5 to the left. The rows of teeth of the carding segment 7 are arranged offset to the rows of teeth of the carding segments 8. This is based on the Fig. 6 shown by a schematic front view of the teeth. The two front teeth 20 symbolize two adjacently arranged rows of teeth of the carding segment 7 and the tooth 20 between them and behind symbolizes a row of teeth of the underlying carding segment 8. It is easy to see that the cutting areas of these teeth 20 are offset from one another, so that in each case different Regions of the fibers are processed by the carding segments 7 and 8. This offset can also be achieved by the foot width F _{st of} the previous carding segment 7 divided by the foot width F _{st of} the subsequent carding segment 8 not giving an integer (F _stn / F _{stn + 1} ≠ integer).
From the Fig. 5 It can also be seen that the envelope h _{s of} the cutting region 25 of the teeth of the carding segment 8 located behind it is smaller than the height h _{s of} the teeth 20 of the carding segment 7 arranged in front of it.

In Fig. 7 another embodiment of a carding segment is shown. In this tooth rows of tooth sets are arranged obliquely, so that the processing within a carding segment 7 to 10 extends automatically over the entire width of the spool 2. An alignment with respect to a subsequent carding segment 8, 9 or 10 is not absolutely necessary.

Also in the variants according to the Fig. 5 to 7 For example, all of the dimensions described in the first embodiment can be changed in order to influence the intensity of the carding effect from carding segment to carding segment.

In Fig. 8 a particular embodiment of a carding segment 30 is described. This Kardiersegment 30 is provided with a changing in the direction B tooth set 31. In Fig. 8 schematically shows that the front teeth 20 in the machining direction have a larger cutting angle α1 than the subsequent teeth. The cutting angle α1 is therefore greater than the cutting angle α2 and the cutting angle α2 greater than the cutting angle α3. Due to the fact that the cutting angle α4 is negative, the cutting angle α3 is greater than the cutting angle α4. The Fig. 8 is merely a schematic representation, which is why the change in the tooth shape over a larger area and could be made slower. Also, all other geometry changes of the teeth to achieve the same effect could be performed in such a carding segment 30 similar to the changes described above. Presumably, however, you will be able to achieve the best results due to the angle change. It would be perfectly conceivable that a single carding segment 30 configured in this way is arranged on a roller 4.

How out Fig. 9 it can be seen, in the Zahngamitur the Kardiersegmente the distance h between the shoulder 40 and the associated tooth tips 41 is smaller than the distance H between the shoulder 42 and the associated. Tooth tips 43 of the toothed set of the spool. The lower lane height h formed thereby in the lids causes, despite the more aggressively acting on the fibers in the first carding segments, which pulls the tufts from the carding between the tooth tips in the lanes of the lid, the fiber volume located in the lids is kept low and also the residence time of the fibers in the carding segments of the lid is reduced.

Claims (14)

1. A carding machine comprising a cylinder (2) provided with a lining, and at least two carding segments (7, 8, 9, 10) which are arranged one after the other in the direction of rotation (B) at least over an area of the circumference of said cylinder and which are each provided with a toothed lining (12, 13, 14, 15), toothed linings (12, 13, 14, 15) of said carding segments (7, 8, 9, 10) being designed differently, characterized in that the teeth (20) of the toothed linings (12, 13, 14, 15) are provided with a rake angle (α) which, on average at least, is larger in an upstream carding segment (7, 8, 9) than in a downstream carding segment (8, 9, 10) so that, when the fibres are engaged by the toothed lining (12, 13, 14, 15) of the carding segment constituting the upstream carding segment (7, 8, 9) in the direction of rotation (B), the resultant influence on an individual fibre entrained by the circumference of the cylinder (2) will exceed the influence exerted when the fibres are engaged by the toothed lining (13, 14, 15) of a carding segment constituting a downstream carding segment (8, 9, 10) in the direction of rotation (B).
2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth (20) of the toothed linings (12, 13, 14, 15) comprise an area (F), which is defined between the outer cutting area contour line comprising the cutting face (21) and an imaginary connecting line (22) intersecting the cylinder axis (A) and the tip (23) of the tooth at right angles and which, on average at least, is larger in an upstream carding segment (7, 8, 9) than in a downstream carding segment (8, 9, 10).
3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the teeth (20) of the toothed linings (12, 13, 14, 15) have a cutting area (25) and a root area (26) and that the width (F_st) of the root area (26) is larger in an upstream carding segment (7, 8, 9) than in a downstream carding segment (8, 9, 10).
4. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a tooth spacing (t) of the teeth (20) of the toothed linings (12, 13, 14, 15) is larger in an upstream carding segment (7, 8, 9) than in a downstream carding segment (8, 9, 10).
5. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the teeth (20) of the toothed linings (12, 13, 14, 15) have a height (h) which, on average at least, is higher in an upstream carding segment (7, 8, 9) than in a downstream carding segment (8, 9, 10).
6. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cutting areas (25) of the teeth (20) of the toothed linings (12, 13, 14, 15) have a height (h_s) which, on average at least, is higher in an upstream carding segment (7, 8, 9) than in a downstream carding segment (8, 9, 10).
7. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the teeth (20) of the toothed linings (12, 13, 14, 15) of an upstream carding segment (7, 8, 9), or rows of said teeth (20) extending in the direction of rotation (B), are laterally displaced relative to the teeth (20) of the toothed linings (12, 13, 14, 15) of the downstream carding segment (8, 9, 10), or relative to rows of said teeth (20) extending in the direction of rotation (B).
8. A device according to claim 7, characterized in that, when the width (F_st) of a tooth (20) of the toothed lining (12, 13, 14, 15) of an upstream carding segment (7, 8, 9) is divided by the width (F_st) of a tooth (20) of the toothed lining (13, 14, 15) of the respective downstream carding segment (8, 9, 10), the result is not equal to an integer.
9. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the teeth (20) of a carding segment (7, 8, 9), which are arranged one after the other in the direction of rotation (B), are arranged such that they are displaced relative to one another.
10. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a dirt separation means (17, 18, 19) is arranged between at least some of said carding segments (7, 8, 9,10).
11. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a suction means is provided.
12. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the toothed linings (12, 13, 14, 15) of the carding segments (7, 8, 9, 10) the distance (h) between the shoulder (40), which fills the space between two rows of teeth, and the associated tips (41) of the teeth is smaller than the distance (H) between the shoulder (42) and the associated tips (43) of the cylinder (2) provided with a lining.
13. A carding segment (30) for a device, such as a carding machine, for processing fibres, which is provided with a toothed lining (31), characterized in that the tooth geometry of the toothed lining (31) varies in the processing direction (B), and that, when the fibres are engaged by an area of the toothed lining (31) constituting an upstream area in the processing direction (B), the resultant influence on an individual fibre to be processed will be equal to or more intensive than the influence exerted when the fibres are engaged by an area of the toothed lining (31) constituting a downstream area in the processing direction (B).
14. A method of opening, combing and parallelizing fibres by means of a cylinder (2) provided with a lining and by means of at least two carding segments (7, 8, 9, 10) which are arranged one after the other in the direction of rotation (B) at least over an area of the circumference of said cylinder, each of said carding segments (7, 8, 9, 10) being provided with a toothed lining (12, 13, 14, 15), characterized in that, the toothed linings have different structural designs, and that the tooth geometry of the toothed linings (12, 13, 14, 15) of the carding segments (7, 8, 9, 10) has a rake angle (α) which, on average at least, is larger in an upstream carding segment (7, 8, 9) than in a downstream carding segment (8, 9, 10) in the direction of rotation (B), so that, as the degree of opening of the fibres increases, the fibres are carded and parallelized with decreasing intensity.

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