EP1313461A2 - The use of benzylideneaminoguanidines and hydroxyguanidines as melanocortin receptor ligands - Google Patents

The use of benzylideneaminoguanidines and hydroxyguanidines as melanocortin receptor ligands

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Publication number
EP1313461A2
EP1313461A2 EP20010954176 EP01954176A EP1313461A2 EP 1313461 A2 EP1313461 A2 EP 1313461A2 EP 20010954176 EP20010954176 EP 20010954176 EP 01954176 A EP01954176 A EP 01954176A EP 1313461 A2 EP1313461 A2 EP 1313461A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydroxyguanidine tosylate
nitrobenzylideneamino
hydroxyguanidine
tosylate
compound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20010954176
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Torbjörn Lundstedt
Anna Skottner
Elisabeth Seifert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Melacure Therapeutics AB
Original Assignee
Melacure Therapeutics AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Melacure Therapeutics AB filed Critical Melacure Therapeutics AB
Publication of EP1313461A2 publication Critical patent/EP1313461A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C07C281/16—Compounds containing any of the groups, e.g. aminoguanidine
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    • A61K31/155—Amidines (), e.g. guanidine (H2N—C(=NH)—NH2), isourea (N=C(OH)—NH2), isothiourea (—N=C(SH)—NH2)
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    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/28—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/29—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C309/30—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of six-membered aromatic rings substituted by alkyl groups
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    • C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/28—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/45—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/46—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the carbon skeleton having the sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
    • C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
    • C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
    • C07D317/50—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D317/58—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of benzylideneaminoguanidines and hydroxyguanidines for the treatment of obesity, anorexia, inflammation, mental disorders and other diseases associated with the melanocortin receptors or related systems, e.g. the melanocyte stimulating hormones.
  • MC melanocortin
  • MC melanocortin
  • the agonistic and/or antagonistic properties of these peptides are also known. See for example "Melanocortin Receptor ligands and methods of using same” by Dooley, Girten and Houghten (WO99/21571). There remains, however, a need to provide low molecular weight compounds showing agonistic or antagonistic properties to the melanocortin receptors.
  • hydroxyguanidines e.g. O98/23267
  • Other compounds known in the art are benzylideneamino guanidines which have shown anti-depressive effects (US 4060640).
  • Other examples of pharmacologically active guanidines known in the art are described in patent US 3982020 and GB 1223491.
  • Other application areas are also known in the art and are described in patents US 3896332, DE 1165013, and US 3941825.
  • Guanabenz is compound which is well known in the art as an antihypertensive drug (US Pharmacopeia, 1999, The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc, ISBN 1-889788-03-1). Whilst Guanabenz might appear to be structurally similar to the compounds in the present invention, it shows no affinity to the melanocortin receptors. Therefore it is very surprising that the benzylideneamino guanidine compounds in the present invention show affinity to the melanocortin receptors as agonist and/or antagonists.
  • One aspect of the present invention is therefore to provide low molecular weight compounds showing activity on melanocortin receptors and which may be taken up after per oral administration and which may penetrate well through the blood brain barrier.
  • the present invention provides the use of compounds of the general formula (I) as ligands to the melanocortin receptors and/or for treatment of disorders in the melanocortin system:
  • X is H or OH
  • Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, electron donor groups such as alkoxy having 1-5 carbon atoms or hydroxy, electron acceptor groups selected from cyano, nitro, trifluoroalkyl or amide; alkylamino, benzoyloxy, nitroxy, phenyl or sulpho; and the pharmacologically active salts thereof.
  • alkyl is meant to include straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups as well as alicyclic groups
  • alkoxy is meant to include straight or branched chain alkoxy groups or heterocyclic groups
  • halogen includes fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
  • the "alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms" is a lower alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or iso-propyl.
  • the "alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms" is a lower alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or iso-propoxy.
  • the halogen is fluoro or chloro.
  • the trifluoroalkyl is trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, trifluoropropyl or trifluoroiso- propyl.
  • aUcylarnino refers preferably to groups having 2-6 carbon atoms, particularly dialkylamino groups, and most preferably dimethylarnino or diethylamino.
  • R 1 -R 5 may be linked by a linker group such as -O-(CH 2 ) n -O-, where n is preferably 1, 2 or 3. Most preferably the linker is a methylenedioxy group, particularly preferably a 2,3- 3,4- or 4,5-methylenedioxy group.
  • a linker group such as -O-(CH 2 ) n -O-, where n is preferably 1, 2 or 3.
  • the linker is a methylenedioxy group, particularly preferably a 2,3- 3,4- or 4,5-methylenedioxy group.
  • R t is nitroxy or sulpho
  • R 3 is phenyl
  • R,, R 2 and R 3 are all benzoyloxy.
  • Particularly preferred compounds are those wherein 1 or 2 of R 1; R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are H.
  • the compounds of formula (I) have basic properties and, consequently, they may be converted to their therapeutically active acid addition salts by treatment with appropriate physiologically acceptable acids, e.g. inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulphuric, nitric and phosphoric acid, or organic acids such as acetic, propanoic, glycolic, lactic, malonic, succinic, fumaric, tartaric, citric, pamoic or para-toluene-sulphonic acid.
  • physiologically acceptable acids e.g. inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulphuric, nitric and phosphoric acid
  • organic acids such as acetic, propanoic, glycolic, lactic, malonic, succinic, fumaric, tartaric, citric, pamoic or para-toluene-sulphonic acid.
  • salt form may be converted into the free base form by treatment with alkali.
  • the present invention relates the use of benzylideneaminoguanidines and hydroxyguanidines.
  • Some of the compounds of the present invention have been biologically tested in the melanocortin system and have surprisingly been shown to be capable of binding to melanocortin receptors as well as showing activity in functional assays.
  • Some of the compounds of the present invention are either agonists or antagonists of a specific MC-receptor or of a number of MC-receptors, e.g. MCI, MC3, MC4 or/and MC5 receptors.
  • the MC-receptors belong to the class of G-protein coupled receptors which are all built from a single polypeptide forming 7 transmembrane domains. Five such receptors types, termed MCI, MC2, MC3, MC4 and MC5, have been described.
  • MCI, MC2, MC3, MC4 and MC5 have been described.
  • the MC receptor's signaling is mainly mediated via cAMP but also other signal transduction pathways are known. They are distinctly distributed in the body.
  • MC-receptors are linked to a variety of physiological actions that are thought to be mediated by distinct subtypes of the MC-receptors. In many cases, however, it is not entirely clear which of the subtypes is responsible for the effect.
  • MSH-peptides may affect many different processes such as motivation, learning, memory, behaviour (including feeding and sexual), inflammation (including immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive), body temperature, pain perception, blood pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, brain blood flow, trophic effects in different organs, nerve growth, placental development, endocrine and exocrine functions, aldosterone synthesis and release, thyroxin release, spermatogenesis, ovarian weight, prolactin and FSH secretion, effects on other hormones, uterine bleeding in women, sebum and pheromone secretion, blood glucose levels, intrauterine foetal growth, as well as other events surrounding parturition and natriuresis (Eberle, AN: The melanotropins: Chemistry, physiology and mechanisms of action.
  • ⁇ -MSH immunomodulatory action of ⁇ -MSH includes both immuno- stimulatory and immunosuppressive effects.
  • cytokines such as IL-l ⁇ , IL-l ⁇ , IL-6 and TNF ⁇
  • IL-10 pro-inflammatory cytokine
  • Eating behaviour is regulated by a complex network of physiological regulatory pathways that involve both the central nervous system and peripheral sites.
  • Factors such as leptin, insulin, NPY (neuropeptide Y), orexins, CRF (Corticotropin-Releasing Factor, release hormone) and melanocortic peptides (Schwartz; Nature Medicine 1998, 4, 385-386) are known to control the amount of food intake both during short and long term, which may affect body weight, body fat mass and growth rate.
  • MC- receptors especially the MC4 receptor, for control of food intake, and there is evidence indicating that the melanocortins and the MC4 receptor are important factors downstream of leptin.
  • Intracerebroventricular injections of the melanocortic peptides ⁇ -MSH and ACTH(1- 24) have been shown to markedly inhibit feeding (Poggioli et al., Peptides, 1986, 7, 843-848; Nergoni et al., ⁇ europeptides, 1986, 7, 153-158).
  • the MC5-receptor has recently been attributed a role in control of exocrine gland function (van der Kraan, et al., Endocrinol. 1998, 139, 2348-2355; Chen et al., Cell. 1997, 91, 789- 798).
  • melanocortic peptides have distinct effects on sexual functions in that they cause erection in males (Donovan, Psychol. Med. 1978, 8, 305-316), presumably mediated by a central agonistic effect of the peptide on MC-receptors. It has also been shown that a MC-receptor blocker could inhibit the erectogenic effect of melanocortic peptides (Nergoni et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol, 1998, 362; 95-101).
  • Compounds of formula (I) and/or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of mental disorders such as psychoses, depression, anxiety, senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, drug abuse disorders and eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia.
  • Compounds of formula (I) and/or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of dysfunctions of the endocrine system and other hormonal systems such as excessive menstruations, endometriosis, events related to parturition, dysfunctions related to prolactin, dysfunctions related to growth hormone, dysfunctions related to testosterone, dysfunctions related to estrogen, dysfunctions related to glucocorticoids, dysfunctions related to luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, inducing abortion, for prevention of abortion and/or for treatment of events related to parturition.
  • dysfunctions of the endocrine system and other hormonal systems such as excessive menstruations, endometriosis, events related to parturition, dysfunctions related to prolactin, dysfunctions related to growth hormone, dysfunctions related to testosterone, dysfunctions related to estrogen, dysfunctions related to glucocorticoids, dysfunctions related to luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, inducing abortion, for prevention of abortion and/or for treatment of events related to
  • Compounds of formula (I) and/or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of sexual functions / dysfunctions such as inducing erection in man, to induce erection in animal breeding, to stimulate intercourse in animals which are difficult to mate, in particular rare species or valuable strains, pets, cats, dogs, horses or to reduce sexual behaviour in animals, e.g. for pets, cats etc., to treat impotence and disorders related to sexual drive, including lack of sexual drive or abnormal sexual drive in both men and women.
  • Compounds of formula (I) and/or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of inflammation such as inflammations related to the production of nitric oxide, inflammation related to increased amounts (upregulated amounts) of inducible nitric oxide synthase, inflammation related to activation of trans criptional activators, inflammation related to nuclear factor kappa beta, inflammation related to macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, pigment cells and endothelial cells, inflammation related to increased production and/or release of inflammatory cytokines, such as e.g. interleukins, in particular interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor ⁇ (TNF- ⁇ ).
  • IL-1 interleukin 1
  • IL-6 interleukin 6
  • TNF- ⁇ tumor necrosis factor ⁇
  • increased production refers to increased formation, increased release, or increased amount of an endogenous compound locally, regionally or systemically in a patient compared to the amount of said endogenous compound in a healthy individual.
  • upregulated refers to an increased activity or amount of the compound compared with that in a healthy individual.
  • decreased production refers to decreased formation, decreased release, or decreased amount of an endogenous compound in a patient compared to the amount of said endogenous compound in a healthy individual.
  • decreased refers to a decreased activity or amount of the compound compared with that in a healthy individual.
  • inflammation or an inflammatory-like condition is caused by or being associated with one or more of the following: allergy, hypersensitivity, bacterial infection, viral infection, inflammation caused by toxic agent, fever, autoimmune disease, radiation damage by any source including UV-radiation, X-ray radiation, ⁇ -radiation, ⁇ - or ⁇ -particles, sun burns, elevated temperature or mechanical injury.
  • inflammation due to hypoxia which is optionally followed by reoxygenation of the hypoxic area, is typically followed by severe inflammation, which condition may be positively affected by treatment with a compound of the invention.
  • a compound of the invention may be administered for the prevention or therapeutic treatment of inflammatory diseases of the skin (including the dermis and epidermis) of any origin, including skin diseases having an inflammatory component.
  • inflammatory diseases of the skin including the dermis and epidermis
  • this embodiment of the invention include treatment of contact dermatitis of the skin, sunburns of the skin, burns of any cause, and inflammation of the skin caused by chemical agents, psoriasis, vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, discoid lupus erythematosus, eczema, pustulosis palmo-plantaris, and phemphigus vulgaris.
  • Also comprised by the invention is the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of an inflammatory disease in the abdomen, including an abdominal disease having an inflammatory component.
  • a compound of the invention include gastritis, including one of unknown origin, gastritis perniciosa (atrophic gastritis), ulcerous colitis (colitis ulcerosa), morbus Crohn, systemic sclerosis, ulcus duodeni, coeliac disease, oesophagitis and ulcus ventriculi.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of systemic or general and/or local immunological diseases, including those of an autoimmune nature, and other inflammatory diseases of a general nature.
  • Specific examples include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis, polymyalgia rheumatica, Wegener's granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, eosinophilic fasceitis, reactive arthritis, Bechterew's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, arteritis temporalis, Behcet's disease, morbus Burger, Good Pastures' syndrome, eosinophilic granuloma, fibromyalgia, myositis, and mixed connective tissue disease. Included therein is also arthritis, including arthritis of unknown origin.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of a disease of the peripheral and/or central nervous system related to inflammation.
  • a disease of the peripheral and/or central nervous system related to inflammation includes the treatment of cerebral vasculitis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune ophthalmitis and polyneuropathia.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of the invention for the treatment of an inflammation of the central nervous system to prevent apoptotic cell death.
  • positive treatment effects are often seen in central nervous system diseases involving damage of cells in this region.
  • This aspect of the invention also includes treatment of traumatic injuries to the central nervous system, brain edema, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, bacterial and viral infections in the central nervous system, stroke, and haemorrhagia in the central nervous system.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases of the eye and tear glands related to inflammation.
  • diseases of the eye and tear glands related to inflammation comprise anterior and posterior uveitis, retinal vasculitis, optic neuritis, optic neuromyelitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Sjogren's syndrome, episcleritis, scleritis, sarcoidosis affecting the eye and polychondritis affecting the eye.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases of the ear related to inflammation, specific examples of which include polychondritis affecting the ear and external otitis.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases of the nose related to inflammation, specific examples of which are sarcoidosis, polychondritis and mid-line granuloma of the nose.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation of the mouth, pharynx and salivary glands.
  • diseases related to inflammation of the mouth, pharynx and salivary glands include Wegener's granulomatosis, mid-line granuloma, Sjogren's syndrome and polychondritis in these areas.
  • Included in the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation in the lung.
  • diseases related to inflammation in the lung include treatment of idiopathic alveolitis, primary pulmonary hypertension, bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, sarcoidosis, alveolitis in inflammatory systemic disease, pulmonary hypertension in inflammatory systemic disease, Wegener's granulomatosis and Good Pastures' syndrome.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to the inflammation of the heart.
  • diseases related to the inflammation of the heart include treatment of pericarditis, idiopathic pericarditis, myocarditis, Takayasus' arteritis, Kawasaki's disease, coronary artery vasculitis, pericarditis in inflammatory systemic disease, myocarditis in inflammatory systemic disease, endocarditis and endocarditis in inflammatory systemic disease.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation of the liver.
  • hepatitis chronic active hepatitis, biliary cirrhosis, hepatic damage by toxic agents, interferon induced hepatitis, hepatitis induced by viral infection, liver damage induced by anoxia and liver damage caused by mechanical trauma.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation of the pancreas.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation of the pancreas.
  • Specific examples include treatment (and prevention) of diabetes mellitus, acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to the inflammation of the thyroidea.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to the inflammation of the thyroidea.
  • Specific examples of these embodiments of the invention include treatment of thyreoiditis, autoimmune thyreoiditis and Hashimoto's thyreoiditis.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation of the kidney.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to the inflammation of the joints.
  • diseases related to the inflammation of the joints include treatment of Bechterew's disease, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis in colitis ulcerosa, arthritis in morbus Crohn, affection of joints in systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease, reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome.
  • included in this embodiment of the invention is treatment of arthrosis of any joint, in particular arthrosis of finger joints, the knee and the hip.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to the inflammation of blood vessels.
  • diseases related to the inflammation of blood vessels include treatment of arteritis temporalis, periarteritis nodosa, arteriosclerosis, Takayasus' arteritis and Kawasaki's disease.
  • Particularly advantageous is the capacity of some compounds of the invention to afford protection against and prevention of arteriosclerosis. This is in part due to the capacity of some compounds of formula (I) or the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof to prevent the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS) caused by the action of oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein on endothelial cells and blood vessel walls .
  • iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthesis
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of the invention for the treatment of drug-induced disorders of the blood and lymphoid system, including the treatment of drug-induced h persensitivity (including drug hypersensitivity) affecting blood cells and blood cell forming organs (e.g. bone marrow and lymphoid tissue).
  • drug-induced h persensitivity including drug hypersensitivity
  • blood cells and blood cell forming organs e.g. bone marrow and lymphoid tissue.
  • Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention include the treatment of anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, aplastic anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune granulocytopenia.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be administered for the treatment of fast allergic disorders (Type I allergy). Included in this embodiment of the invention is the treatment of anaphylactic reactions, anaphylactoid reactions, asthma, asthma of allergic type, asthma of unknown origin, rhinitis, hay fever and pollen allergy.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of inflammation related to infections of any origin. Specific examples include treatment of inflammation secondary to infection caused by virus, bacteria, helminths and protozoae.
  • Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of inflammations related to trauma and or tissue injury of any origin.
  • Compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of disorders of the cardiovascular system such as disorders related to blood pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, natriuresis, bleeding, shock, disorders related to ischemia, infarction, repercussion injuries, arrhythmias of the heart, in particular during ischemia, or for the treatment of arrhythmias associated with reoxygenation of a previously ischemic period of the heart.
  • Compounds of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of pain such as pain of central origin, pain seen after damage to the CNS, stroke, infarction, pain of peripheral origin, chronic pain, neuropathies and disorders where a treatment effect is achieved by stimulation of receptors in the periaqueductal grey area.
  • compounds of the invention may be also useful for inducing skin tanning for cosmetic reasons, for treatment of vitiligo, or any other condition where darkening of skin color is desired.
  • compounds of the invention to inhibit pigment formation in cells of the skin they may also be useful for inducing lighter skin color for cosmetic reasons, or during any condition where a lighter color of skin is desired.
  • Compounds of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful to cause skin tanning, darkening the colour of the skin, to induce melanin synthesis in the skin, to reduce skin tanning, lightening the colour of the skin, to reduce or block melanin synthesis in the skin, to cause anti-inflammatory actions in the skin, to modulate epidermal growth, to improve wound healing, to treat acne, seborrhoea, acne roseacea, conditions related to malfunctions of the glands of the skin, e.g. sebacous glands and over or underproduction of sebum.
  • Compounds of the invention are useful for inhibiting or stimulating the in vivo formation of second messenger elements such as cAMP. Such inhibition/stimulation may be used in cells or crushed cell systems in vitro, e.g. for analytical or diagnostic purposes.
  • the compounds of the invention may be used in radioactive form where they comprise one or more radioactive labels or gamma or positron emitting isotopes, to be used in radioligand binding for the quantification as well as tissue localisation of MC-receptors, for analysis of dissociation/association constants, and for imaging of in vivo bmding by the use of scintigraphy, positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), or for the diagnosis of disease and treatment of any malignancy where the malignant cells contain MC receptors.
  • PET positron emission tomography
  • SPECT single photon emission computed tomography
  • the compounds of the invention can be labelled with any other type of label that allows detection of the respective compound, e.g. fluorescence, biotin, NMR, MRI, or labels activated by gamma-irradiation, light photons or biochemical processes, or by light or UN- light (the latter in order to obtain a compound useful for covalent labelling of MC receptors by a photoaffinity technique).
  • any other type of label that allows detection of the respective compound, e.g. fluorescence, biotin, NMR, MRI, or labels activated by gamma-irradiation, light photons or biochemical processes, or by light or UN- light (the latter in order to obtain a compound useful for covalent labelling of MC receptors by a photoaffinity technique).
  • Compounds of formula (I) or the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof may also be tagged with a toxic agent (i.e. doxorubicin, ricin, diphtheria toxin or other) and used for targeted delivery to malignant cells bearing MC receptors, or tagged with a compound capable of activating the endogenous immune system for triggering the immune system (for example a compound, monoclonal antibody or other, capable of binding to a T-cell antigen, e.g. CD3 or other) for treatment of malignancies and other MC receptor expressing diseases.
  • a toxic agent i.e. doxorubicin, ricin, diphtheria toxin or other
  • a compound capable of activating the endogenous immune system for triggering the immune system for example a compound, monoclonal antibody or other, capable of binding to a T-cell antigen, e.g. CD3 or other
  • the thus formed hybrid compound will direct cytotoxic cells to the malignant melanoma
  • Compounds of the invention may be used for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases, disorders and/or pathological conditions in an animal, in particular in man.
  • the present invention also relates to a pro-drug which, upon administration to an animal or a human, is converted to a compound of the invention.
  • Pro-drugs of the compounds of formula (I) and their pharmacologically acceptable salts may be used for the same purposes as described in this specification for the compounds of the invention, as well as is disclosed in the Examples given below.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be bound covalently or non-covalently to one or several of other molecule(s) of any desired structure(s); the thus formed modified compound or complex may be used for the same purposes as described in this specification for the compounds of the invention, as well as is disclosed in the Examples given below.
  • a radioactively-labeled molecule is covalently bound to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof so as to make a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof radioactively labeled.
  • the invention also relates to uses of compounds of the invention for various medical and veterinary practices related to melanocyte stimulating hormone receptors.
  • Compounds of the invention have an effect on xanthine oxidase in mammals, including humans.
  • the compounds having the general formula (I) may be prepared by the following general method.
  • This example illustrates the potency of compounds of formula (I) and their therapeutically active acid addition salts for treatment of mental disorders.
  • the binding assay was carried out essentially as described by Lunec et al, Melanoma Res 1992; 2; 5-12, using I 125 -NDP- ⁇ MSH as ligand.
  • Test 2 Affinity for the MC3-receptors, the MC4-receptors and the MC5-receptors
  • the binding assays were carried out essentially as described by Szardenings et al, J Biol Chem 1997; 272; 27943-27948 and Schioth et al, FEBS Lett 1997; 410; 223-228 using I 125 -NDP- ⁇ MSH as ligand.
  • Example of a preparation comprising a capsule
  • the amount of lactose used may be reduced.
  • a solution for parenteral administration by injection can be prepared in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt of the active substance preferably in a concentration of 0.1 % to about 5 % by weight.
  • These solutions may also contain stabilising agents and/or buffering agents.
  • Rl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, electron donor groups such as alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or hydroxy, electron acceptor groups selected from cyano, nitro, trifluoroalkyl and amide; alkylamino, benzoyloxy, nitroxy, phenyl or sulpho; or a pharmacologically active salt thereof;
  • melanocortin receptor ligand as a melanocortin receptor ligand and/or for treatment of disorders related to the melanocortin system.
  • Rl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of compounds of general formula (I) as ligands to the melanocortin receptors and/or for treatment of disorders in the melanocortin system: wherein X is H or OH; R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, electron donor groups such as alkoxy having 1-5 carbon atoms or hydroxy, electron acceptor groups selected from cyano, nitro, trifluoroalkyl or amide; alkylamino, benzoyloxy, nitroxy, phenyl or sulpho; and the pharmacologically active salts thereof.

Description

The use of benzyMeneammoguanidines and hydroxyguanidines as melanocortin receptor ligands.
The present invention relates to the use of benzylideneaminoguanidines and hydroxyguanidines for the treatment of obesity, anorexia, inflammation, mental disorders and other diseases associated with the melanocortin receptors or related systems, e.g. the melanocyte stimulating hormones.
A number of large linear and cyclic peptides are known in the art which show high specific binding to melanocortin (MC) receptors. The agonistic and/or antagonistic properties of these peptides are also known. See for example "Melanocortin Receptor ligands and methods of using same" by Dooley, Girten and Houghten (WO99/21571). There remains, however, a need to provide low molecular weight compounds showing agonistic or antagonistic properties to the melanocortin receptors.
Previously known in the art are hydroxyguanidines (e.g. O98/23267), which have proven activity against xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase enzymes. Other compounds known in the art are benzylideneamino guanidines which have shown anti-depressive effects (US 4060640). Other examples of pharmacologically active guanidines known in the art are described in patent US 3982020 and GB 1223491. Other application areas are also known in the art and are described in patents US 3896332, DE 1165013, and US 3941825. Guanabenz is compound which is well known in the art as an antihypertensive drug (US Pharmacopeia, 1999, The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc, ISBN 1-889788-03-1). Whilst Guanabenz might appear to be structurally similar to the compounds in the present invention, it shows no affinity to the melanocortin receptors. Therefore it is very surprising that the benzylideneamino guanidine compounds in the present invention show affinity to the melanocortin receptors as agonist and/or antagonists. One aspect of the present invention is therefore to provide low molecular weight compounds showing activity on melanocortin receptors and which may be taken up after per oral administration and which may penetrate well through the blood brain barrier.
The present invention provides the use of compounds of the general formula (I) as ligands to the melanocortin receptors and/or for treatment of disorders in the melanocortin system:
wherein X is H or OH;
Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, electron donor groups such as alkoxy having 1-5 carbon atoms or hydroxy, electron acceptor groups selected from cyano, nitro, trifluoroalkyl or amide; alkylamino, benzoyloxy, nitroxy, phenyl or sulpho; and the pharmacologically active salts thereof.
When used in the foregoing definitions, the term alkyl is meant to include straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups as well as alicyclic groups; the term alkoxy is meant to include straight or branched chain alkoxy groups or heterocyclic groups; and the term halogen includes fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
Preferably, the "alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms" is a lower alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or iso-propyl.
Preferably, the "alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms" is a lower alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or iso-propoxy. Preferably, the halogen is fluoro or chloro.
Preferably, the trifluoroalkyl is trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, trifluoropropyl or trifluoroiso- propyl.
The term "aUcylarnino" refers preferably to groups having 2-6 carbon atoms, particularly dialkylamino groups, and most preferably dimethylarnino or diethylamino.
Two or more of R1-R5 may be linked by a linker group such as -O-(CH2)n-O-, where n is preferably 1, 2 or 3. Most preferably the linker is a methylenedioxy group, particularly preferably a 2,3- 3,4- or 4,5-methylenedioxy group.
Further preferred compounds are those wherein Rt is nitroxy or sulpho; R3 is phenyl; and R,, R2 and R3 are all benzoyloxy.
Particularly preferred compounds are those wherein 1 or 2 of R1; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are H.
The compounds of formula (I) have basic properties and, consequently, they may be converted to their therapeutically active acid addition salts by treatment with appropriate physiologically acceptable acids, e.g. inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulphuric, nitric and phosphoric acid, or organic acids such as acetic, propanoic, glycolic, lactic, malonic, succinic, fumaric, tartaric, citric, pamoic or para-toluene-sulphonic acid.
Conversely, the salt form may be converted into the free base form by treatment with alkali.
The present invention relates the use of benzylideneaminoguanidines and hydroxyguanidines. Some of the compounds of the present invention have been biologically tested in the melanocortin system and have surprisingly been shown to be capable of binding to melanocortin receptors as well as showing activity in functional assays. Some of the compounds of the present invention are either agonists or antagonists of a specific MC-receptor or of a number of MC-receptors, e.g. MCI, MC3, MC4 or/and MC5 receptors.
The MC-receptors belong to the class of G-protein coupled receptors which are all built from a single polypeptide forming 7 transmembrane domains. Five such receptors types, termed MCI, MC2, MC3, MC4 and MC5, have been described. The MC receptor's signaling is mainly mediated via cAMP but also other signal transduction pathways are known. They are distinctly distributed in the body.
MC-receptors are linked to a variety of physiological actions that are thought to be mediated by distinct subtypes of the MC-receptors. In many cases, however, it is not entirely clear which of the subtypes is responsible for the effect.
It has long been known that MSH-peptides may affect many different processes such as motivation, learning, memory, behaviour (including feeding and sexual), inflammation (including immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive), body temperature, pain perception, blood pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, brain blood flow, trophic effects in different organs, nerve growth, placental development, endocrine and exocrine functions, aldosterone synthesis and release, thyroxin release, spermatogenesis, ovarian weight, prolactin and FSH secretion, effects on other hormones, uterine bleeding in women, sebum and pheromone secretion, blood glucose levels, intrauterine foetal growth, as well as other events surrounding parturition and natriuresis (Eberle, AN: The melanotropins: Chemistry, physiology and mechanisms of action. Basel: Karger, Switzerland. 1988, ISBN 3-8055-4678-5; Gruber, and Callahan, Am. J. Physiol. 1989, 257, R681-R694; De Wildt et al., J. Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 1995, 25, 898-905), as well as inducing natriuresis (Lin et al., Hypertension. 1987, 10, 619-627).
It is also well-known that the immunomodulatory action of α-MSH includes both immuno- stimulatory and immunosuppressive effects. Several studies have shown that α-MSH antagonizes the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-lα, IL-lβ, IL-6 and TNFα, and induces the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 (for review see Catania
& Lipton, 1993).
Eating behaviour is regulated by a complex network of physiological regulatory pathways that involve both the central nervous system and peripheral sites. Factors such as leptin, insulin, NPY (neuropeptide Y), orexins, CRF (Corticotropin-Releasing Factor, release hormone) and melanocortic peptides (Schwartz; Nature Medicine 1998, 4, 385-386) are known to control the amount of food intake both during short and long term, which may affect body weight, body fat mass and growth rate. Recent studies have shown a role of MC- receptors, especially the MC4 receptor, for control of food intake, and there is evidence indicating that the melanocortins and the MC4 receptor are important factors downstream of leptin. Intracerebroventricular injections of the melanocortic peptides α-MSH and ACTH(1- 24) have been shown to markedly inhibit feeding (Poggioli et al., Peptides, 1986, 7, 843-848; Nergoni et al., Νeuropeptides, 1986, 7, 153-158).
The MC5-receptor has recently been attributed a role in control of exocrine gland function (van der Kraan, et al., Endocrinol. 1998, 139, 2348-2355; Chen et al., Cell. 1997, 91, 789- 798).
In addition, the melanocortic peptides have distinct effects on sexual functions in that they cause erection in males (Donovan, Psychol. Med. 1978, 8, 305-316), presumably mediated by a central agonistic effect of the peptide on MC-receptors. It has also been shown that a MC-receptor blocker could inhibit the erectogenic effect of melanocortic peptides (Nergoni et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol, 1998, 362; 95-101).
Compounds of formula (I) and/or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of mental disorders such as psychoses, depression, anxiety, senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, drug abuse disorders and eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. Compounds of formula (I) and/or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of dysfunctions of the endocrine system and other hormonal systems such as excessive menstruations, endometriosis, events related to parturition, dysfunctions related to prolactin, dysfunctions related to growth hormone, dysfunctions related to testosterone, dysfunctions related to estrogen, dysfunctions related to glucocorticoids, dysfunctions related to luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, inducing abortion, for prevention of abortion and/or for treatment of events related to parturition.
Compounds of formula (I) and/or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of sexual functions / dysfunctions such as inducing erection in man, to induce erection in animal breeding, to stimulate intercourse in animals which are difficult to mate, in particular rare species or valuable strains, pets, cats, dogs, horses or to reduce sexual behaviour in animals, e.g. for pets, cats etc., to treat impotence and disorders related to sexual drive, including lack of sexual drive or abnormal sexual drive in both men and women.
Compounds of formula (I) and/or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of inflammation such as inflammations related to the production of nitric oxide, inflammation related to increased amounts (upregulated amounts) of inducible nitric oxide synthase, inflammation related to activation of trans criptional activators, inflammation related to nuclear factor kappa beta, inflammation related to macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, pigment cells and endothelial cells, inflammation related to increased production and/or release of inflammatory cytokines, such as e.g. interleukins, in particular interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).
In the present specification, "increased production" refers to increased formation, increased release, or increased amount of an endogenous compound locally, regionally or systemically in a patient compared to the amount of said endogenous compound in a healthy individual. In the present specification, "upregulated" refers to an increased activity or amount of the compound compared with that in a healthy individual.
In the present specification, "decreased production" refers to decreased formation, decreased release, or decreased amount of an endogenous compound in a patient compared to the amount of said endogenous compound in a healthy individual. In the present specification, "downregulated" refers to a decreased activity or amount of the compound compared with that in a healthy individual.
In particular, positive treatment effects or preventive effects may be seen in conditions where inflammation or an inflammatory-like condition is caused by or being associated with one or more of the following: allergy, hypersensitivity, bacterial infection, viral infection, inflammation caused by toxic agent, fever, autoimmune disease, radiation damage by any source including UV-radiation, X-ray radiation, γ -radiation, α- or β-particles, sun burns, elevated temperature or mechanical injury. Moreover, inflammation due to hypoxia, which is optionally followed by reoxygenation of the hypoxic area, is typically followed by severe inflammation, which condition may be positively affected by treatment with a compound of the invention.
In very specific embodiments of the invention, a compound of the invention may be administered for the prevention or therapeutic treatment of inflammatory diseases of the skin (including the dermis and epidermis) of any origin, including skin diseases having an inflammatory component. Specific examples of this embodiment of the invention include treatment of contact dermatitis of the skin, sunburns of the skin, burns of any cause, and inflammation of the skin caused by chemical agents, psoriasis, vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, discoid lupus erythematosus, eczema, pustulosis palmo-plantaris, and phemphigus vulgaris.
Also comprised by the invention is the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of an inflammatory disease in the abdomen, including an abdominal disease having an inflammatory component. Specific examples of the treatment of such a disease with a compound of the invention are gastritis, including one of unknown origin, gastritis perniciosa (atrophic gastritis), ulcerous colitis (colitis ulcerosa), morbus Crohn, systemic sclerosis, ulcus duodeni, coeliac disease, oesophagitis and ulcus ventriculi.
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of systemic or general and/or local immunological diseases, including those of an autoimmune nature, and other inflammatory diseases of a general nature. Specific examples include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis, polymyalgia rheumatica, Wegener's granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, eosinophilic fasceitis, reactive arthritis, Bechterew's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, arteritis temporalis, Behcet's disease, morbus Burger, Good Pastures' syndrome, eosinophilic granuloma, fibromyalgia, myositis, and mixed connective tissue disease. Included therein is also arthritis, including arthritis of unknown origin.
Further included in the invention is administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of a disease of the peripheral and/or central nervous system related to inflammation. Included in this aspect of the invention is the treatment of cerebral vasculitis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune ophthalmitis and polyneuropathia. Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of the invention for the treatment of an inflammation of the central nervous system to prevent apoptotic cell death. Moreover, as some of the compounds of the invention show a distinct ability to induce nerve regeneration, positive treatment effects are often seen in central nervous system diseases involving damage of cells in this region. This aspect of the invention also includes treatment of traumatic injuries to the central nervous system, brain edema, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, bacterial and viral infections in the central nervous system, stroke, and haemorrhagia in the central nervous system.
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases of the eye and tear glands related to inflammation. Specific examples of such diseases comprise anterior and posterior uveitis, retinal vasculitis, optic neuritis, optic neuromyelitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Sjogren's syndrome, episcleritis, scleritis, sarcoidosis affecting the eye and polychondritis affecting the eye.
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases of the ear related to inflammation, specific examples of which include polychondritis affecting the ear and external otitis.
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases of the nose related to inflammation, specific examples of which are sarcoidosis, polychondritis and mid-line granuloma of the nose.
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation of the mouth, pharynx and salivary glands. Specific examples include Wegener's granulomatosis, mid-line granuloma, Sjogren's syndrome and polychondritis in these areas.
Included in the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation in the lung. Specific examples include treatment of idiopathic alveolitis, primary pulmonary hypertension, bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, sarcoidosis, alveolitis in inflammatory systemic disease, pulmonary hypertension in inflammatory systemic disease, Wegener's granulomatosis and Good Pastures' syndrome.
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to the inflammation of the heart. Specific examples include treatment of pericarditis, idiopathic pericarditis, myocarditis, Takayasus' arteritis, Kawasaki's disease, coronary artery vasculitis, pericarditis in inflammatory systemic disease, myocarditis in inflammatory systemic disease, endocarditis and endocarditis in inflammatory systemic disease. Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation of the liver. Specific examples include treatment of hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, biliary cirrhosis, hepatic damage by toxic agents, interferon induced hepatitis, hepatitis induced by viral infection, liver damage induced by anoxia and liver damage caused by mechanical trauma.
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation of the pancreas. Specific examples include treatment (and prevention) of diabetes mellitus, acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis.
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to the inflammation of the thyroidea. Specific examples of these embodiments of the invention include treatment of thyreoiditis, autoimmune thyreoiditis and Hashimoto's thyreoiditis.
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation of the kidney. Specific examples include treatment of glomerulonephritis, glomeralonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus, periarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, Good-Pastures' syndrome, HLAb27 associated diseases, IgA nephritis (IgA = Immunoglobulin A), pyelonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis and interstitial nephritis.
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to the inflammation of the joints. Specific examples include treatment of Bechterew's disease, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis in colitis ulcerosa, arthritis in morbus Crohn, affection of joints in systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease, reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome. Moreover, included in this embodiment of the invention is treatment of arthrosis of any joint, in particular arthrosis of finger joints, the knee and the hip. Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases related to the inflammation of blood vessels. Specific examples include treatment of arteritis temporalis, periarteritis nodosa, arteriosclerosis, Takayasus' arteritis and Kawasaki's disease. Particularly advantageous is the capacity of some compounds of the invention to afford protection against and prevention of arteriosclerosis. This is in part due to the capacity of some compounds of formula (I) or the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof to prevent the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS) caused by the action of oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein on endothelial cells and blood vessel walls .
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of the invention for the treatment of drug-induced disorders of the blood and lymphoid system, including the treatment of drug-induced h persensitivity (including drug hypersensitivity) affecting blood cells and blood cell forming organs (e.g. bone marrow and lymphoid tissue). Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention include the treatment of anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, aplastic anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune granulocytopenia.
The compounds of the invention may also be administered for the treatment of fast allergic disorders (Type I allergy). Included in this embodiment of the invention is the treatment of anaphylactic reactions, anaphylactoid reactions, asthma, asthma of allergic type, asthma of unknown origin, rhinitis, hay fever and pollen allergy.
Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of inflammation related to infections of any origin. Specific examples include treatment of inflammation secondary to infection caused by virus, bacteria, helminths and protozoae. Comprised by the invention is also the administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of inflammations related to trauma and or tissue injury of any origin.
Compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of disorders of the cardiovascular system such as disorders related to blood pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, natriuresis, bleeding, shock, disorders related to ischemia, infarction, repercussion injuries, arrhythmias of the heart, in particular during ischemia, or for the treatment of arrhythmias associated with reoxygenation of a previously ischemic period of the heart.
Compounds of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful for the treatment of pain such as pain of central origin, pain seen after damage to the CNS, stroke, infarction, pain of peripheral origin, chronic pain, neuropathies and disorders where a treatment effect is achieved by stimulation of receptors in the periaqueductal grey area.
Because of the capacity of compounds of the invention to stimulate pigment formation in epidermal cells, compounds of the invention may be also useful for inducing skin tanning for cosmetic reasons, for treatment of vitiligo, or any other condition where darkening of skin color is desired. Moreover, because of the ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit pigment formation in cells of the skin, they may also be useful for inducing lighter skin color for cosmetic reasons, or during any condition where a lighter color of skin is desired.
Compounds of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have valuable pharmacological properties, making them useful to cause skin tanning, darkening the colour of the skin, to induce melanin synthesis in the skin, to reduce skin tanning, lightening the colour of the skin, to reduce or block melanin synthesis in the skin, to cause anti-inflammatory actions in the skin, to modulate epidermal growth, to improve wound healing, to treat acne, seborrhoea, acne roseacea, conditions related to malfunctions of the glands of the skin, e.g. sebacous glands and over or underproduction of sebum.
Compounds of the invention are useful for inhibiting or stimulating the in vivo formation of second messenger elements such as cAMP. Such inhibition/stimulation may be used in cells or crushed cell systems in vitro, e.g. for analytical or diagnostic purposes.
For analytical and diagnostic purposes the compounds of the invention may be used in radioactive form where they comprise one or more radioactive labels or gamma or positron emitting isotopes, to be used in radioligand binding for the quantification as well as tissue localisation of MC-receptors, for analysis of dissociation/association constants, and for imaging of in vivo bmding by the use of scintigraphy, positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), or for the diagnosis of disease and treatment of any malignancy where the malignant cells contain MC receptors.
Alternatively the compounds of the invention can be labelled with any other type of label that allows detection of the respective compound, e.g. fluorescence, biotin, NMR, MRI, or labels activated by gamma-irradiation, light photons or biochemical processes, or by light or UN- light (the latter in order to obtain a compound useful for covalent labelling of MC receptors by a photoaffinity technique).
Compounds of formula (I) or the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof may also be tagged with a toxic agent (i.e. doxorubicin, ricin, diphtheria toxin or other) and used for targeted delivery to malignant cells bearing MC receptors, or tagged with a compound capable of activating the endogenous immune system for triggering the immune system (for example a compound, monoclonal antibody or other, capable of binding to a T-cell antigen, e.g. CD3 or other) for treatment of malignancies and other MC receptor expressing diseases. The thus formed hybrid compound will direct cytotoxic cells to the malignant melanoma cells or the MCI -receptor bearing malignant cells and inhibit the tumor growth. Compounds of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof may be attached to the antibody chemically by covalent or non-covalent bond(s).
Compounds of the invention may be used for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases, disorders and/or pathological conditions in an animal, in particular in man.
The present invention also relates to a pro-drug which, upon administration to an animal or a human, is converted to a compound of the invention. Pro-drugs of the compounds of formula (I) and their pharmacologically acceptable salts may be used for the same purposes as described in this specification for the compounds of the invention, as well as is disclosed in the Examples given below.
The compounds of the present invention may be bound covalently or non-covalently to one or several of other molecule(s) of any desired structure(s); the thus formed modified compound or complex may be used for the same purposes as described in this specification for the compounds of the invention, as well as is disclosed in the Examples given below. In a particularly important embodiment of the invention, a radioactively-labeled molecule is covalently bound to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof so as to make a compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof radioactively labeled.
The invention also relates to uses of compounds of the invention for various medical and veterinary practices related to melanocyte stimulating hormone receptors.
Compounds of the invention have an effect on xanthine oxidase in mammals, including humans.
METHODS OF PREPARATION
The compounds having the general formula (I) may be prepared by the following general method.
Method 1.
(D) (HI)
A compound of formula (II) wherein X, Rl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as previously defined, is reacted with aminoguanidine (HI) or a salt or protected form thereof wherein X is as previously defined, followed if necessary or desired by deprotection to yield a compound of formula (I).
EXAMPLES
The following examples are intended to illustrate but not to limit the scope of the invention, although the compounds named are of particular interest for the intended purposes. These compounds have been designated by a number code, a:b, where a means the number of example, wherein the preparation of the compound is described, and b refers to the order of the compound prepared according to that example. Thus example 1:2 means the second compound prepared according to Method 1 (see example 1).
Example 1
IR, NMR, MS and elementary analysis have confirmed the structures of the compounds. When melting points (m.p.) are given, these are uncorrected.
Preparation of compound 1: 1 A solution of 2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (1.0 g, 5 mmol), aminoguanidine bicarbonate (0.68 g, 5 mmol) and acetic acid (1 ml), in 15 ml of methanol was heated at reflux for 10 min. The reaction mixture was cooled down to 0 °C and the residue was filtered off. The filtrate was evaporated under vacuum and the product was crystallised from ethanol. Yield of the title compound 1: 1 was 1.1 g (70%), M.p. 198-200 °C.
Preparation of compounds 1:2 — 1: 164
Compounds 1:2 — 1: 164 were prepared using essentially the same approach as for 1 : 1 by using Method 1. Compounds with their data was as follows:
1 N-(2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 198-200 °C
2 N-(3-Bromobenzylideneamino)-N'-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 177- 178. °C
3 N-(3-Bromo-4-memoxybenzylideneamino)-N'-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 209-210.5°C
4 N-(5-Chloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p . 180-181°C 5 N-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p.
194-195°C
6 N-(2,3-D ydroxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 108-109°C
7 N-(2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 98.5-99.5°C
8 N-(3-Nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 204.5- 206°C
9 N-(4,5-Methylenedioxy-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N "-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 108-111°C N-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N'-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 139-141 °C N-(4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzylidenearrώ o)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 184-187°C N-(4-Memoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 175- 177°C N-(2-Bromobenzylideneammo)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 148.5-
150°C N-(2,3 ,4-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 179-181°C N-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 133-135°C N-(2,5-Dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 137-139°C N-(2,3-Dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 91- 93 °C N-(2,5-Difluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 186-
187.5°C N-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 217-218°C N-(4-Dhτιethylaminobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p . 185.5-187°C N-(4-Nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 191-193 °C
N-(2-Hydroxy-3-memoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 173-175°C N-(3-Chlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 184- 186°C N-(2-Hydroxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 172- 174°C N-(2,3,4-Tribenzyloxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 147-149°C N-(Benzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 196-198 °C N-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 223-225°C N-(4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 192-
194°C
N-(3 ,4-Methylenedioxyberrzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 204-206°C
N-(4-Bromobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 199- 200°C
N-(4-Diemylaminobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 100-102°C
N-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 217-219°C
N-(4-Hydroxybenzylideneammo)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 83-
85°C N-(2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 80-82°C
N-(2, 3, 4-Trihydroxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 100-102°C
N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 88-89°C
N-(2-Nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 204-206°C
N-(2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 172-175 °C N-(2,4 -Dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 208- 211°C N-(2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p.
92-94 °C
N-(3,5-Dime oxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 92- 95°C N-(5-Hydroxy-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 182-183°C N-(3 , 6-Dimethoxy-2-nitroxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 101-102°C N-(3,4-Dimethoxy-2-chlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 95-97°C
N-(3,4-Dimethoxy-2-chlorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 198- 200°C N-(Benzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 169-171 °C
N-(3 ,4-Dimemoxy-2-chlorobenzylidenearnino)-N ' -h droxyguanidine 1.5 hydrochloride, m.p. 214-216°C
N-(2, 3-Dimethoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.3 hydrate, m.ρ. 174-176°C
N-(2,3-Dimethoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.3 hydrate, m.p. 174-176°C N-(2, 3-Dimethoxy-5 , 6-dinitrobenzy lideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.15 hydrate, m.p. 178-179°C N-(2,6-Dime1hoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 69-
71 °C N-(2,3-Dimethoxy-6-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 81-83°C
N-(5-Bromo-2,4-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 102-105°C
N-(2-Fluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.1 hydrate, m.p. 169-171 °C
N-(2-Memoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 79- 82°C N-(2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 66-68°C
N-(2,3-Methylenedioxybenzylideneamino)-N'-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 163-164.5°C
N-(4-Bromo-3-nitroberzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p.
201-202.5 °C N-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 131.5-134°C
N-(3-Memoxyben2ylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 151- 153.5°C
N-(2,3-Dinitro-6-chlorobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 170-172.5 °C
N-(3,6-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 183-184.5°C
N-(2,6-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 91- 93 °C
N-(2-Chloro-3 ,4-dimethoxy-6-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 104-106.5°C
N-(2,4-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 224-226°C
N-(2-Chlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 156- 158°C N-(4-Fluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.25 hydrate, m.p. 182-184°C N-(3-Fluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.2 hydrate, m.p. 170-171.5°C
N-(4-Cyanobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.2 hydrate, m.p. 203-204°C
N-(3,5-Dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.5 hydrate, m.p. 131-133 °C
N-(4-Fluoro-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 190-192.5 °C
N-(2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.2 hydrate, m.p. 189-191 °C
N-(4-Chloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.25 hydrate, m.p. 179-181. °C
N-(3,4-Dichlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 200-
202.5 °C 75 N-(2,4-Dichlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.5 hydrate, m.p. 158-161 °C
76 N-(4-Methoxy-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine, m.p. 219- 221 °C
77 N-(2,3-Dichlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 197- 199.5°C 78 N-(2-Fluoro-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.4 hydrate, m.p. 172-175 °C
79 N-(2-Methoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.7 hydrate, m.p. 115-117°C
80 N-(4-Hy droxy-3 , 5-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.4 hydrate, m.p. 114-115°C
81 N-(2-Bromo-5-chloro3-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 195-196.5°C
82 N-(3-Bromo-2,6-dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.5 hydrate 1.8 propanol, m.p. 91-93 °C 83 N-(3 , 5-Dinitro-2-methoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
0.2 hydrate, m.p. 185-187°C
84 N-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.1 hydrate, m.p. 186-189°C
85 N-(3-Nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 147-148.5 °C
86 N-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dirnethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 115- 118°C
87 N-(4-Nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 184-186°C
88 N-(3-Methoxy-2, 6-dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 123.5-125°C
89 N-(3-Bromo-4-fluorobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 204.5-206.5 °C
90 N-(2,3-Difluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 186.5-187°C 91 N-(4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.5 hydrate, m.p. 166.5-167.5°C
92 N-(4-Bromo-3-fluorobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.6 hydrate, m.p. 183-185.5°C
93 N-(3-Bromo-4-fluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 172-173.5°C
94 N-(2,3-Difluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 149-151.5°C
95 N-(4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 165-171 °C
96 N-(3-Memoxy-2,6-dinitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 217-218°C
97 N-(3-Bromo-2,6-dinitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 166.5-168°C
98 N-(2,3-Dimemoxy-5,6-dinitroben2ylidenearnino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 165- 171 °C
99 N-(5-Bromo-2,4-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate 0.5 hydrate, m.p. 221-224°C 100 N-(2,3-Dimemoxy-5-nitroben2ylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 191-
194°C
101 N-(3,4-Difluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 199- 201 °C
102 N-(4-Phenylbenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 171- 173°C
103 N-(3-Chloro-2,6-dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 85-88°C
104 N-(4-Phenylbenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 191-194°C
105 N-(3,4-Difluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 176-178 °C
106 N-(4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.3 hydrate, m.p. 176-179°C
107 N-(2-Fluoro-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 192-195°C
108 N-(4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 187-188 °C 109 N-(2-Bromo-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 148-150°C
110 N-(2,4-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine hydrochloride, m.p . 5 191-193°C
111 N-(2,6-Difluorobenzylideneammo)-N'-hychoxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 176- 179°C
10 112 N-(3-Chloro-4-fluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p.
198.5-201 °C
113 N-(3,5-Dichlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 208- 210.5°C
15
114 N-(2-Bromo-4-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 170-173°C
115 N-(3,5-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.5 hydrate, 20 m.p. 202-207°C
116 N-(2,3-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 214- 216°C
25 117 N-(3,5-Dichlorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 131-134°C
118 N-(3,5-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate dihydrate, m.p. 251- 254 °C (decomp.)
30 119 N-(2,6-Difluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 138.5-141 °C
120 N-(3-Chloro-4-fluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 141-144°C
121 N-(2-Bromo-4-nitroobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 145-147°C
122 N-(2-Bromo-5-nitroobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 205-208 °C (decomp)
123 N-(2-Iodobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 136-139°C
124 N-(2-Iodobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 1714-173°C
125 N-(2,3-Dimethoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 237-238 °C
45
126 N-(2-Hydroxy-4-memoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 174-176°C 127 N-(2-Hydroxy-4-memoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 161-
164°C 128 N-(4-Bromo-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 152-153°C
129 N-(6-Chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 153-
154.5°C
130 N-(3-Bromo-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 261-
262.5 °C
131 N-(3-Iodobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 203-204°C
132 N-(3-Iodobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 193.5-
195°C
133 N-(2-Sulphobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. >260°C
134 N-(2-Sulphobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine, m.p. 243.5-244°C
135 N-(3,4-Dichlorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 138-140°C
136 N-(2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 222-224°C (decomp)
137 N-(4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 136-139°C (decomp.)
138 N-(4-Fluoro-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 222-224°C (decomp.)
139 N-(4-Methoxy-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 144-147°C
140 N-(2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 176-178°C
141 N-(3,5-Difluorobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 210.5-213°C
142 N-(5-Bromo-2,3,4-trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 195-197°C
143 N-(3-Chloro-4-memoxyben2ylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 204-207°C 144 N-(2,3-Dimethoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)- ' -hydroxyguanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 196-197.5°C
145 N-(3 , 5-Difluoro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)- ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 176-178°C
146 N-(3,5-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)- ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate, m.p. 205-207°C 147 N-(3,5-Difluoro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 231-233°C
148 N-(3,5-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 88-91 °C
149 N-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 243-246°C
150 N-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hemiacetate, m.p. 227-230°C
151 N-(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneammo)guanidine acetate, m.p.
255-258°C (decomp.)
152 N-(3,5-Dichloro-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 185- 190°C
153 N-(3-Bromo-4-methoxy-5-methylbenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 163-166°C
154 N-(2,3,4-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 181- 183°C
155 N-(4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 196-199°C
156 N-(3,6-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 219.5-
221 °C
1 7 N-(2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 229-230°C
158 N-(2-Bromo-5-chloro-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 136.5-
137°C
159 N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 240-241 °C 160 N-(5-Bromo-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 246.5-248 °C
161 N-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. >250°C
162 N-(5-Bromo-2-memoxy-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride, m.p. 258-259°C
163 N-(2,4-Dimethoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 207-
210°C
164 N-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate, m.p. 175-
198°C (decomp.)
EXAMPLE 2
This example illustrates the potency of compounds of formula (I) and their therapeutically active acid addition salts for treatment of mental disorders.
Test 1. Affinity for the MCl-receptor
The binding assay was carried out essentially as described by Lunec et al, Melanoma Res 1992; 2; 5-12, using I125-NDP-αMSH as ligand.
Test 2. Affinity for the MC3-receptors, the MC4-receptors and the MC5-receptors
The binding assays were carried out essentially as described by Szardenings et al, J Biol Chem 1997; 272; 27943-27948 and Schioth et al, FEBS Lett 1997; 410; 223-228 using I125-NDP-αMSH as ligand.
Test 3.cAMP
The stimulation of cAMP was carried out essentially as described by Schioth et al, Br J Pharmacol 1998; 124; 75-82.
Table 1 Affinity for MC-receptors Compound KitøM
MCI M MCC33 M MCC44 MC5
1:3 42 9 911 6 622 47
1:4 42 6 688 6 611 33
Table lb Influence on cAMP
MClc MC3c MC4c MC5c
1:3 8.4 16 31.8 4.7
1:4 6.4 1 17.1 8.7
EXAMPLE 3
The following formulations are representative for all of the pharmacologically active compounds of the invention.
Example of a preparation comprising a capsule
Per capsule
Active ingredient, as salt 5 mg
Lactose 250 mg
Starch 120 mg
Magnesium stearate 5 mg
Total up to 385 mg
In case higher amounts of active ingredient, the amount of lactose used may be reduced.
Example of a suitable tablet formulation. Per tablet
Active ingredient, as salt 5 mg
Potato starch 90 mg Colloidal Silica 10 mg
Talc 20 mg
Magnesium stearate 2 mg
5 % aqueous solution of gelatine 25 mg Total up to 385 mg
A solution for parenteral administration by injection can be prepared in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt of the active substance preferably in a concentration of 0.1 % to about 5 % by weight. These solutions may also contain stabilising agents and/or buffering agents.
Claims:
1. The use of a compound of general formula (I)
wherein X is H or OH; Rl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, electron donor groups such as alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or hydroxy, electron acceptor groups selected from cyano, nitro, trifluoroalkyl and amide; alkylamino, benzoyloxy, nitroxy, phenyl or sulpho; or a pharmacologically active salt thereof;
as a melanocortin receptor ligand and/or for treatment of disorders related to the melanocortin system.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein X is H.
3. Use according to claim 1 , wherein X is OH.
4. Use according to any one of the previous claims, wherein one or more of Rl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
5. Use according to any one of the previous claims wherein one or more of Rl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are alkoxy.
6. Use according to claim 5, wherein the alkoxy is methoxy.

Claims

7. Use according to any one of the previous claims wherein one or more of Rl , R2, R3,
R4 and R5 are halogen atoms.
8. Use according to claim 7 wherein the halogen is fluoro or chloro.
9. Use of a compound selected from:
I N-(2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate,
2 N-(3-Bromobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
3 N-(3-Bromo-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
4 N-(5-Chloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
5 N-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
6 N-(2,3-Dihydroxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 7 N-(2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine
8 N-(3-Nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
9 N-(4,5-Memyleneώoxy-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
10 N-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N'-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
I I N-(4-Chloro-3-nitroberιzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 12 N-(4-Me oxyben2ylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
13 N-(2-Bromobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
14 N-(2, 3, 4-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
15 N-(2-Hydroxy-4 , 6-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
16 N-(2,5-Dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 17 N-(2,3-Dimemoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
18 N-(2,5-Difluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(4-Dimethylaminobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(4-Nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(3-Chlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2-Hydroxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2, 3 ,4-Tribenzyloxybenzy lideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(Benzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
N-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
N-(4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(3,4-Methylenedioxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(4-Bromobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(4-Diethylaminobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(4-Hydroxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2-Nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(2,4 -Dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(3,5-Dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(5-Hydroxy-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(3 , 6-Dimethoxy-2-nitroxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(3,4-Dimethoxy-2-chlorobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(3 , 4-Dimethoxy-2-chlorobenzylideneamino)guanidine
N-(Benzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(3,4-Dimethoxy-2-chlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine 1.5 hydrochloride
N-(2,3-Dimethoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.3 hydrate
N-(2,3-Dimethoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.3 hydrate N-(2,3-Dimemoxy-5,6-dmitrobenzylideneamino)-N'-hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.15 hydrate N-(2,6-Dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2,3-Dimethoxy-6-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(5-Bromo-2,4-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine
N-(2-Fluorobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.1
N-(2-Methoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
N-(2,3-Methylenedioxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(4-Bromo-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-me oxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(3-Memoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2,3-Dinitro-6-chlorobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(3 , 6-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(2,6-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2-Chloro-3,4-dimemoxy-6-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2,4-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate N-(2-ChIorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(4-Fluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.25 hydrate
N-(3-Fluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.2 hydrate
N-(4-Cyanobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.2 hydrate
N-(3,5-Dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N'-hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.5 hydrate
N-(4-Fluoro-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -h droxyguanidine tosylate
N-(2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.2 hydrate
N-(4-Chloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.25 hydrate
N-(3,4-Dichlorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(2,4-Dichlorobenzylidenearnino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.5 hydrate N-(4-Methoxy-3-mtrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine
N-(2,3-Dichloroben2ylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate N-(2-Fluoro-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.4 hydrate N-(2-Methoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.7 hydrate
N-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.4 hydrate N-(2-Bromo-5-chloro3-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
N-(3-Bromo-2,6-dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.5 hydrate 1.8 propanol N-(3, 5 -Dinitro-2-methoxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.2 hydrate
N-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.1 hydrate
N-(3-Nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate N-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
N-(4-Nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate 88 N-(3-Methoxy-2, 6-dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
89 N-(3-Bromo-4-fluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
90 N-(2,3-Difluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
91 N-(4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.5 hydrate
92 N-(4-Bromo-3-fluorobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.6 hydrate
93 N-(3-Bromo-4-fluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
94 N-(2,3-Difluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
95 N-(4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
96 N-(3-Me oxy-2,6-dinitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
97 N-(3-Bromo-2,6-dmitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
98 N-(2,3-Dimethoxy-5,6-dinitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
99 N-(5-Bromo-2,4-dimemoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate 0.5 hydrate
100 N-(2,3-Dimemoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
101 N-(3,4-Difluorobenzylidenearnino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
102 N-(4-Phenylbenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
103 N-(3-Chloro-2,6-dinitrobenzylideneamino)- '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
104 N-(4-Phenylben2ylideneamino)guanidine acetate
105 N-(3,4-Difluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
106 N-(4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.3 hydrate
107 N-(2-Fluoro-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
108 N-(4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
109 N-(2-Bromo-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
110 N-(2,4-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine hydrochloride 111 N-C 2,6-Difluorobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
112 N-( 3-Chloro-4-fluorobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
113 N-( 3, 5-Dichlorobenzy lideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
114 N-( 2-Bromo-4-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
115 N-( 3,5-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate 0.5 hydrate
116 N-( 2,3-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
117 N-( 3, 5-Dichlorobenzy lideneamino)guanidine acetate
118 N-( 3,5-Dinitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate dihydrate
119 N-( 2 , 6-Difluorobenz lideneamino)guanidine acetate
120 N-( 3-Chloro-4-fluorobenzylidenearnino)guanidine acetate
121 N-C 2-Bromo-4-nitroobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
122 N-( 2-Bromo-5-nitroobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
123 N-( 2-Iodobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
124 N-C 2-Iodobenzylidenearnino)guanidine acetate
125 N-( 2, 3-Dimemoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
126 N-( 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
127 N-( 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
128 N-( 4-Bromo-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
129 N-( 6-Chloro-2, 3-dmitrobeή_ylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
130 N-( 3-Bromo-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
131 N-( 3-Iodobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
132 N-( 3-Iodobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
133 N-C 2-Sulphobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
134 N-C 2-Sulphobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine 135 N-(3,4-Dichlorobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
136 N-(2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
137 N-(4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
138 N-(4-Fluoro-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
139 N-(4-Me oxy-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
140 N-(2-Chloro-3 ,4,5-trimemoxybenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
141 N-(3,5-Difluorobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
142 N-(5-Bromo-2,3,4-trimemoxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
143 N-(3-Chloro-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
144 N-(2,3-Dimemoxy-5-mtrobenzylideneamino)-N' -hydroxyguanidine hydrochloride
145 N-(3,5-Difluoro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N '-hydroxyguanidine tosylate
146 N-(3 ,5-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-N ' -hydroxyguanidine tosylate
147 N-(3,5-Difluoro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
148 N-(3,5-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate 149 N-(2-Hydroxy-3-me oxy-5-nitroben2ylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
150 N-(2-Hydroxy-4-memoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hemiacetate
151 N-(3-Chloro-4-me oxy-5-nitroberιzylideneamino)guanidine
152 N-(3,5-Dichloro-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
153 N-(3-Bromo-4-methoxy-5-methylbenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
154 N-(2,3,4-Trimethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
155 N-(4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
156 N-(3,6-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
157 N-(2-Hydroxy-4-memyl-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride 158 N-(2-Bromo-5-chloro-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
159 N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
160 N-(5-Bromo-4-methy l-2-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
161 N-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
162 N-(5-Bromo-2-memoxy-3-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride
163 N-(2,4-Dimethoxy-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate
164 N-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzylideneamino)guanidine acetate or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof; as a melanocortin receptor ligand and/or for treatment of disorders related to the melanocortin system.
10. Use as claimed in any one of the previous claims where additionally is present a label, preferably a radioactive label, or a toxic agent.
11. Use of a prodrug from which a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is formed in vivo, wherein the compound is used as a melanocortin receptor ligand and/or for treatment of disorders related to the melanocortin system.
12. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11, together with one or more adjuvants, carriers or excipients, in a pharmaceutical composition.
13. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of inflammation.
14. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of mental disorders.
15. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of dysfunctions of the endocrine system or an hormonal system.
16. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of sexual functions and/or sexual dysfunctions.
17. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of drug-induced or other disorders of the blood and/or lymphoid system.
18. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of allergic disorders.
19. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of disorders of the cardiovascular system.
20. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of pain.
21. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for inducing skin tanning or for inducing lighter skin colour.
22. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of diabetes type II.
23. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of obesity.
24. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of anorexic conditions such as those caused by cancer, cachexia, geriatric conditions, EON, trauma and psychological conditions.
25. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for inducing peripheral nerve regeneration.
26. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for inducing central nerve regeneration.
27. A method of treating inflammation comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
28. A method of treating mental disorders comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
29. A method of treating dysfunctions of the endocrine system or an hormonal system comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
30. A method of treating sexual functions and/or sexual dysfunctions comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
31. A method of treating drug-induced disorders of the blood and/or lymphoid system comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
32. A method of treating disorders of the cardiovascular system comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
33. A method of treating pain comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
34. A method of inducing skin tanning or for inducing lighter skin colour comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
35. A method of treating diabetes type II comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
36. A method of treating obesity comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
37. A method of treating anorexic conditions such as those caused by cancer, cachexia, geriatric conditions, EQN, trauma and psychological conditions comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
38. A method of inducing peripheral nerve regeneration comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
39. A method of inducing central nerve regeneration comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
40. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of skin disorders, including for the treatment of melanoma.
41. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment and/or diagnosis of malignancies, such as melanoma and metastases.
42. A method of treating a skin disorder, including the treatment of melanoma, comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
43. A method of treating and/or diagnosing malignancies, such as melanoma and metastases, comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
44. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11 in the production of a medicament for the treatment of ischemia and/or ischemia/reperfusion.
45. A method of treating ischemia and/or ischemia/reperfusion comprising the use or administration of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a prodrug as claimed in claim 11.
EP20010954176 2000-08-07 2001-08-07 The use of benzylideneaminoguanidines and hydroxyguanidines as melanocortin receptor ligands Withdrawn EP1313461A2 (en)

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GB0019357A GB0019357D0 (en) 2000-08-07 2000-08-07 Novel phenyl guanidines
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