Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
  • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
  • A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
  • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
  • A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
  • A61K31/405—Indole-alkanecarboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. tryptophan, indomethacin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
  • A61P15/08—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
  • A61P15/12—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for climacteric disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• This invention relates to methods of using substituted indole compounds in the combination with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for the treatment, prevention, inhibition or alleviation of depression, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), hot flush, post partum depression, premenstrual syndrome, obesity, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, disruptive behavior disorders, impulse control disorders, borderline personality disorder, chronic fatigue disorder, premature ejaculation, pain, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit disorders, with and without hyperactivity, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, bulimia nervosa, or Shy Drager Syndrome and related pharmaceutical compositions and kits.
• SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
• estrogenic agents including the treatment of bone loss, cardiovascular disease, maladies associated with or resulting from the proliferation or abnormal development of endometrial or endometrial-like tissues, and disease states or syndromes associated with estrogen deficiency.
• This invention comprises methods of treating, preventing, alleviating or inhibiting depression, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), hot flush, post partum depression, premenstrual syndrome, obesity, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social phobia, disruptive behavior disorders, impulse control disorders, borderline personality disorder, chronic fatigue disorder, premature ejaculation, pain, attention deficit disorders, with and without hyperactivity, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, bulimia nervosa, or Shy Drager Syndrome in a mammal, preferably in a human, the methods comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective combination of:
• SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
• Ri is selected from H, OH or the C1-C12 esters (straight chain or branched) or
• R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently selected from H, OH or the C1-C12 esters (straight chain or branched) or C,-C 12 alkyl ethers (straight chain or branched or cyclic) thereof, halogens, or C,-C 4 halogenated ethers including trifluoromethyl ether and trichloromethyl ether, cyano, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl (straight chain or branched), or trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that, when Ri is H, R2 is not OH; R 4 is selected from H, OH or the C1-C1 2 esters (straight chain or branched) or C,-C 12 alkyl ethers (straight chain or branched or cyclic) thereof, benzyloxy, halogens, or C r C 4 halogenated ethers including trifluoromethyl ether and trichloromethyl ether, cyano, C1-
• X is selected from H, C ⁇ -C6 alkyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen; n is 1, 2 or 3;
• Y is selected from: a) the moiety:
• R7 and Rs are independently selected from the group of H,
• Ci-C ⁇ alkyl or phenyl optionally substituted by CN, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl (straight chain or branched), C1-C6 alkoxy (straight chain or branched), halogen, -OH,
• R 7 and R 8 are combined by -(CH 2 )p-, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, so as to form a ring, the ring being optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydroxyl, halo, C ⁇ -C4alkyl, trihalomethyl, C ⁇ -C4alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, Ci- C4alkylthio, C ⁇ -C4alkylsulfinyl, C ⁇ -C4alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy(C ⁇ -C4)alkyl, -CO 2 H, -CN, -CONH(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -NH 2 , C ⁇ -C alkylamino, di-(C ⁇ - C 4 )alkylamino, -NHSO 2 (C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -NHCO(C ⁇ -C 4 ) alkyl and
• a five-membered saturated, unsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle containing up to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NH-, -N(C ⁇ C4 alkyl)-, ⁇ N , and -S(O) m -, wherein m is an integer of from 0-2, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, -C4 alkyl, trihalomethyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C1-C4 acyloxy, -C4 alkylthio, C 1 -C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -CO 2 H-, -CN-, -CONHR,-, -NH 2 -, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C ⁇ -C 4 )
• a seven-membered saturated, unsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle containing up to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NH-, -N(C ⁇ C4 alkyl)-, -N , and -S(O) m -, wherein m is an integer of from 0-2, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C 1 -C4 alkyl, trihalomethyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C1-C4 acyloxy, -C4 alkylthio, C 1 -C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -CO 2 H-, -CN-, -CONHR,, -NH 2 , C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C ⁇ -C 4 )al
• substituted indole compounds of this invention are those having the general structures I or II, above, wherein:
• Ri is selected from H, OH or the C1-C12 esters or alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, or halogen;
• R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently selected from H, OH or the C1-C1 2 esters or alkyl ethers thereof, halogen, cyano, -C ⁇ alkyl, or trihalomethyl, preferably trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that, when Ri is H, R2 is not OH;
• R 4 is selected from H, OH or the C1-C12 esters or alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, halogen, cyano, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl, or trihalomethyl;
• X is selected from H, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen;
• Y is the moiety
• R 7 and R 8 are selected independently from H, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl, or combined by -(CH 2 )p-, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, so as to form a ring, the ring being optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, trihalomethyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C1-C4 alkylthio, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, -C4 alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -CO 2 H, -CN, -CONH(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -NH 2 , C ⁇ -C 4 alkylamino, di-(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkylamino, -NHSO 2 (C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -NHCO(C ⁇ -C 4 )
• the rings formed by a concatenated R7 and Rs, mentioned above, may include, but are not limited to, aziridine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexamethyleneamine or heptamethyleneamine rings.
• substituted indole compounds of the present invention are those having the structural formulas I or II, above, wherein Ri is OH; R2 - R ⁇ are as defined above; X is selected from the group of Cl, NO2, CN, CF3, or CH3; and Y is the moiety
• R7 and Rs are concatenated together as -(CH2)r ⁇ > wherein r is an integer of from 4 to 6, to form a ring optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, trihalomethyl, C 1 -C4 alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C1-C4 alkylthio, C 1 -C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -CO 2 H, -CN, -CONH(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -NH 2 , C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C ⁇ - C 4 )alkylamino, -NHSO 2 (C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -NHCO(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, and -NO 2 ; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt
• R7 and Rg are concatenated together as -(CH2)p-, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6, the ring so formed is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from a group containing C1-C3 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, hydrogen, phenyl, nitro, -CN.
• the invention includes sulfate, sulfamates and sulfate esters of phenolic groups of the substituted indoles.
• Sulfates can be readily prepared by the reaction of the free phenolic compounds with sulfur trioxide complexed with an amine such as pyridine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, etc.
• Sulfamates can be prepared by treating the free phenolic compound with the desired amino or alkylamino or dialkylamino sulfamyl chloride in the presence of a suitable base such as pyridine.
• Sulfate esters can be prepared by reaction of the free phenol with the desired alkanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of a suitable base such as pyridine.
• this invention includes compounds containing phosphates at the phenol as well as dialkyl phosphates.
• Phosphates can be prepared by reaction of the phenol with the appropriate chlorophosphate.
• the dialkylphosphates can be hydrolyzed to yield the free phosphates.
• Phosphinates are also claimed where the phenol is reacted with the desired dialkylphosphinic chloride to yield the desired dialkylphosphinate of the phenol.
• the invention includes acceptable salt forms of the substituted indole formed from the addition reaction with either inorganic or organic acids.
• Inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid useful as well as organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, phthalic acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, napthalenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid are useful.
• this invention includes quaternary ammonium salts of the compounds herein. These can be prepared by reacting the nucleophilic amines of the side chain with a suitably reactive alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide or benzyl halide.
• the present invention includes methods for treating pain using the combinations described herein. Pain in these instances includes, but is not limited to, neuropathic pain, chronic pain, musculoskeletal pain, cancer pains, fibromyalgia, psychogenic pain, neurogenic pain, facial neuralgias and pain associated with shingles.
• These methods each comprise administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a SSRI agent and a pharmaceutically effective amount of one of the substituted indoles taught herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either of these agents.
• These administrations may be therapeutic or prophylactic.
• substituted indole compounds for use in these methods are l-[4-(2-Azepan-lyl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-lH- indol-5-ol, also known as TSE-424, and 2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-l-(4-(2- piperidin-l-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-lH-indol-5-ol, also known as ERA-923.
• SSRI agents useful with the present methods of treatment include, but are not limited to, venlafaxine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, or fluvoxamine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention includes methods utilizing in conjunction with a SSRI compound a first subset or subgroup of substituted indole compounds of the formulas III or IN, below:
• variable substituents including R, R ⁇ R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , n, X, and Y are as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the more preferred substituted indole compounds of this first subset of compounds are those having the general structures III or IN, above, wherein:
• R ⁇ is selected from H, OH or the C1-C12 esters or alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, or halogen;
• R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently selected from H, OH or the C1-C12 esters or alkyl ethers thereof, halogen, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, or trihalomethyl, preferably trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that, when Ri is H, R2 is not OH;
• R 4 is selected from H, OH or the C1-C12 esters or alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, halogen, cyano, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl, or trihalomethyl;
• X is selected from H, C ⁇ -C6 alkyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen; Y is the moiety
• R 7 and R 8 are selected independently from H, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl, or combined by -(CH 2 )p-, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, so as to form a ring, the ring being optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, trihalomethyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, Ci- C 4 alkylthio, C ⁇ -C 4 alkylsulfinyl, C ⁇ -C alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -CO 2 H, -C ⁇ , -CO ⁇ H(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -NH 2 , C ⁇ -C 4 alkylamino, di-(Ci-C 4 )alkylamino, -NHSO 2 (C ⁇ -C )alkyl, -NHCO(C ⁇ -C 4 )
• the rings formed by a concatenated R7 and R ⁇ may include, but are not limited to, aziridine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexamethyleneamine or heptamethyleneamine rings.
• substituted indole compounds of this first subset of compounds are those having the structural formulas I or II, above, wherein Ri is OH; R 2 - R6 are as defined above; X is selected from the group of Cl, NO2, CN, CF3, or CH3; and Y is the moiety
• R7 and R ⁇ are concatenated together as -(CH2)r- > wherein r is an integer of from
• this first subset of compounds when R7 and Rs are concatenated together as -(CH2) ⁇ -, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6, the ring so formed is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from a group containing C1-C3 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, hydrogen, phenyl, nitro, -CN.
• the compounds of this first subset or subgroup of compounds can be produced by the methods described in EP 0 802 183 Al, published October 22, 1997, and U.S. Patent No. 5,780,497, the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference, or by other methods known in the art.
• Aryloxy-alkyl-dialkylamines or aryloxy-alkyl-cyclic amines useful as intermediates in the production of the compounds above can be produced and used as disclosed in WO 99/19293, published April 22, 1999, the subject matter of which is also incorporated herein by reference.
• a second subset or subgroup of substituted indole compounds useful with this invention includes those of formulas (V) or (VI), below:
• variable substituents including R, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , n, X, and Y are as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a third subset of substituted indole compounds useful with the present invention include those of the formulae N ⁇ and NHI:
• n 1, 2 or 3 and the variable substituents including R,, R 2 , Pv,, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , n, X, and Y are as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Ri is selected from H, OH or the C1-C12 esters or alkyl ethers thereof, halogen;
• R 2 , R 3 , R , R 5 , and R 6 are independently selected from H, OH or the C1-C12 esters or alkyl ethers thereof, halogen, cyano, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl, or trihalomethyl, preferably trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that, when Ri is H, R2 is not OH;
• X is selected from H, alkyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen;
• Y is the moiety
• R 8 ⁇ R 7 and R 8 are selected independently from H, C1-C6 alkyl, or combined by -(CH 2 )p-, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, so as to form a ring, the ring being optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C ⁇ -C4alkyl, trihalomethyl, C ⁇ -C4alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, Ci- C 4 alkylthio, C ⁇ -C4alkylsulfinyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -CO2H, -CN, -CONH(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -NH 2 , C ⁇ -C 4 alkylamino, di-(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkylamino, -NHSO 2 (C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -NHCO(C ⁇
• the rings formed by a concatenated R7 and R%, mentioned above, may include, but are not limited to, aziridine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexamethyleneamine or heptamethyleneamine rings.
• substituted indole compounds of the present invention are those having the structural formulas I through NIII, above, wherein Ri is OH; R2 - R6 are as defined above; X is selected from the group of Cl, ⁇ O 2 , CN, CF3, or CH3; and Y is the moiety
• R 8 and R7 and Rs are concatenated together as -(CH2)r > wherein r is an integer of from 4 to 6, to form a ring optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, trihalomethyl, C 1 -C4 alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C1-C4 alkylthio, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -CO 2 H, -CN, -CONH(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -NH 2 , C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C ⁇ - C 4 )alkylamino, -NHSO 2 (C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, -NHCO(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, and -NO 2 ; and the pharmaceutically acceptable
• R7 and R8 are concatenated together as -(CH2)p-, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6, the ring so formed is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from a group containing C1-C3 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, hydrogen, phenyl, nitro, -CN.
• the invention includes sulfate, sulfamates and sulfate esters of phenolic groups in these substituted indoles.
• Sulfates can be readily prepared by the reaction of the free phenolic compounds with sulfur trioxide complexed with an amine such as pyridine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, etc.
• Sulfamates can be prepared by treating the free phenolic compound with the desired amino or alkylamino or dialkylamino sulfamyl chloride in the presence of a suitable base such as pyridine.
• Sulfate esters can be prepared by reaction of the free phenol with the desired alkanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of a suitable base such as pyridine.
• this invention includes compounds containing phosphates at the phenol as well as dialkyl phosphates.
• Phosphates can be prepared by reaction of the phenol with the appropriate chlorophosphate.
• the dialkylphosphates can be hydrolyzed to yield the free phosphates.
• Phosphinates are also claimed where the phenol is reacted with the desired dialkylphosphinic chloride to yield the desired dialkylphosphinate of the phenol.
• the invention includes acceptable salt forms of the substituted indoles formed from the addition reaction with either inorganic or organic acids.
• Inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid useful as well as organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, phthalic acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, napthalenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid are useful.
• this invention includes quaternary ammonium salts of the compounds herein. These can be prepared by reacting the nucleophilic amines of the side chain with a suitably reactive alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide or benzyl halide.
• the dosage, regimen and mode of administration of these compounds will vary according to the extent of the malady and the individual being treated and will be subject to the judgement of the medical practitioner involved. It is preferred that the administration of one or more of the SSRIs and substituted indole compounds herein begin at a low dose and be increased until the desired effects are achieved.
• Effective administration of these compounds may be given at an effective dose of from about 0.1 mg/day to about 500 mg/day. Preferably, administration will be from about 1 mg/day to about 200 mg/day in a single dose or in two or more divided doses.
• Such doses may be administered in any manner useful in directing the active compounds herein to the recipient's bloodstream, including orally, parenterally (including intravenous, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections), and transdermally.
• transdermal administrations are understood to include all administrations across the surface of the body and the inner linings of bodily passages including epithelial and mucosal tissues. Such administrations may be carried out using the present compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in lotions, creams, foams, patches, suspensions, solutions, and suppositories (rectal and vaginal).
• the active ingredient in the formulations and methods of this invention is l-[4-(2-Azepan-lyl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-lH-indol-5-ol, also known as TSE-424, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
• the preferred daily dosage for oral delivery is from about 0.1 to about 50 mg, preferably from about 2.5 to about 40 mg per day.
• the active ingredient in the formulations and methods of this invention is 2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl- 1 -(4-(2-piperidin- 1 -yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]- 1 H-indol-5- ol, also known as ERA-923, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof
• the preferred daily dosage for oral delivery is from about 0.1 to about 200 mg, preferably from about 2.5 to about 100 mg per day.
• Oral formulations containing the active compounds of this invention may comprise any conventionally used oral forms, including tablets, capsules, buccal forms, troches, lozenges and oral liquids, suspensions or solutions.
• Capsules may contain mixtures of the active compound(s) with inert fillers and/or diluents such as the pharmaceutically acceptable starches (e.g. corn, potato or tapioca starch), sugars, artificial sweetening agents, powdered celluloses, such as crystalline and microcrystalline celluloses, flours, gelatins, gums, etc.
• inert fillers and/or diluents such as the pharmaceutically acceptable starches (e.g. corn, potato or tapioca starch), sugars, artificial sweetening agents, powdered celluloses, such as crystalline and microcrystalline celluloses, flours, gelatins, gums, etc.
• Useful tablet formulations may be made by conventional compression, wet granulation or dry granulation methods and utilize pharmaceutically acceptable diluents, binding agents, lubricants, disintegrants, suspending or stabilizing agents, including, but not limited to, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, sodium lauryl sulfate, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, alginic acid, acacia gum, , xanthan gum, sodium citrate, complex silicates, calcium carbonate, glycine, dextrin, sucrose, sorbitol, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, lactose, kaolin, mannitol, sodium chloride, talc, dry starches and powdered sugar.
• pharmaceutically acceptable diluents including, but not limited to, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, sodium lauryl sulfate, micro
• Oral formulations herein may utilize standard delay or time release formulations to alter the absorption of the active compound(s).
• Suppository formulations may be made from traditional materials, including cocoa butter, with or without the addition of waxes to alter the suppository's melting point, and glycerin.
• Water soluble suppository bases such as polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights, may also be used.
• the SSRI compounds of these methods may be administered in regimens and at dosages known in the art.
• venlafaxine hydrochloride which is sold by Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories under the Effexor ® name, has a recommended initial dosage of 75 mg per day, which may be increased to a final daily dosage of up to 225 mg. Average administration is from about 140 to about 180 mg per day.
• Fluoxetine hydrochloride marketed by Dista Products Division of Eli Lilly and Company under the Prozac ® brandname, may be administered at a daily dosage of from about 20 to about 80 mg.
• Paroxetine hydrochloride offered by SmithKline Beecham, Inc.
• Sertraline hydrochloride sold under the Zoloft ® name by Pfizer, Inc. may be administered at an initial dose of 25 mg per day and raised to a daily dose of from 50 to 200 mg.
• Fluvoxamine maleate sold under the Luvox ® tradename by Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., may be given at a starting dose of 50 mg and raised to a daily dosage range of from 100 to 300 mg/day.
• the joint administration of the two groups of compounds in these methods will be determined by a medical professional based upon the condition of the recipient and the malady for which the prophylaxis or treatment is provided. Administration of the two compounds may begin simultaneously or one may be introduced into an ongoing regimen of the other.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of the methods herein are supplied in unit dosage form, e.g. as tablets or capsules.
• the composition is sub-divided in unit dose containing appropriate quantities of the active ingredient;
• the unit dosage forms can be packaged compositions, for example, packeted powders, vials, ampoules, prefilled syringes or sachets containing liquids.
• the unit dosage form can be, for example, a capsule or tablet itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any such compositions in package form.
• the substituted indole compound(s) and the SSRI(s) of the present formulations may be administered in separate dosage units, such as separate pills, tablets, powders, etc., or combined into one formulation.
• optimum dosages for the indole compounds and the SSRI of these formulations have been determined, it may preferable to incorporate both into a single formulation for ease of administration. It is also understood that the formulations herein may or may not include other pharmaceutically active components.
• kits or packages of pharmaceutical formulations designed for use in the regimens and methods described herein.
• These kits are preferably designed for daily oral administration over the specified term or cycle of administration, preferably for the number of prescribed oral administrations per day, and organized so as to indicate a single oral formulation or combination of oral formulations to be taken on each day of the regimen or cycle.
• each kit will include oral tablets to be taken on each the days specified, in some embodiments one oral tablet will contain each of the combined daily dosages indicated and in other embodiments the administrations of the separate compounds will be present in separate formulations or compositions.
• the package or kit shall have a calendar or days-of-the-week designation directing the administration of the appropriate compositions on the appropriate day or time.
• this invention also provides a product comprising a compound of formula I or II as defined herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for administration as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treating depression, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), hot flush, post partum depression, premenstrual syndrome, obesity, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social phobia, disruptive behavior disorders, impulse control disorders, borderline personality disorder, chronic fatigue disorder, premature ejaculation, pain, attention deficit disorders, with and without hyperactivity, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, bulimia nervosa, or Shy Drager Syndrome in a mammal.
• GID generalized anxiety disorder
• a preferred combination of this invention includes pharmaceutical compositions of l-[4-(2-azepan-lyl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl- lH-indol-5-ol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, packaged and/or utilized in combination with venlafaxine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Solid oral formulations preferably in the form of a film coated tablet or capsule, useful for this invention include the active substituted indole pharmacological agents disclosed herein in combination with carrier or excipient systems having the components: a) a filler and disintegrant component comprising from about 5% to about 82% by weight (wght) of the total formulation, preferably between about 30% and about 80% of the formulation, of which from about 4% to about 40% by weight of the total formulation comprises one or more pharmaceutically acceptable disintegrants; b) optionally, a wetting agent comprising from about 0.2 to about 5% of the composition (wght), such as selected from the group of sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, docusate sodium, quaternary ammonium compounds, sugar esters of fatty acids and glycerides of fatty acids;
• fatty acid esters e.g. sodium stearyl fumarate
• fatty acids e.g. stearic acid
• fatty alcohols e.g. glyceryl behenate, mineral oil, parrafins, hydrogenated vegetable oils, leucine, polyethylene glycols, metallic lauryl sulfates and sodium chloride; and d) optionally, a glidant comprising from about 0.1% to about 10% (wght) of the composition, the glidant selected from those known in the art, including from the group of silicon dioxide, talc, metallic stearates, calcium silicate, or metallic lauryl sulfates.
• compositions described herein may be used in an uncoated or non- encapsulated solid form, preferably the final compositions are coated or encapsulated.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may be optionally coated with a film coating, preferably comprising from about 0.3% to about 8% by weight of the overall composition.
• Film coatings useful with the present formulations are known in the art and generally consist of a polymer (usually a cellulosic type of polymer), a colorant and a plasticizer. Additional ingredients such as wetting agents, sugars, flavors, oils and lubricants may be included in film coating formulations to impart certain characteristics to the film coat.
• the compositions and formulations herein may also be combined and processed as a solid, then placed in a capsule form, such as a gelatin capsule.
• the filler component listed above may utilize the filler or binder components known in the art for solid oral formulations.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable fillers or binding agents selected from those known in the art including, but not limited to, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, mannitol, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, powdered cellulose, maltodextrin, sorbitol, starch, or xylitol.
• disintegrant agents may be selected from those known in the art, including pregelatinized starch and sodium starch glycolate.
• Other useful disintegrants include croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, starch, alginic acid, sodium alginate, clays (e.g.
• veegum or xanthan gum cellulose floe
• ion exchange resins or effervescent systems, such as those utilizing food acids (such as citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, adipic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, erythorbic acid, glutamic acid, and succinic acid) and an alkaline carbonate component (such as sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, etc.).
• the disintegrant(s) useful herein will comprise from about 4% to about 40% of the composition by weight, preferably from about 15% to about 35%, more preferably from about 20% to about 35%.
• Some components may have multiple functions in the formulations of this invention, acting e.g. as both a filler and a disintegrant, such a component may be referred to as a filler disintegrant and its function in a specific formulation may be singular even though its properties may allow multiple functionality.
• the pharmaceutical formulations and carrier or excipient systems herein preferably also contain an antioxidant or a mixture of antioxidants, most preferably ascorbic acid.
• Other antioxidants which may be used include sodium ascorbate and ascorbyl palmitate, preferably in conjunction with an amount of ascorbic acid.
• a preferable range for the antioxidant(s) is from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight.
• formulations of this invention are pharmaceutical formulations containing a pharmaceutically effective amount of an active pharmacological agent and a carrier or excipient system comprising: a) a filler and disintegrant component comprising between about 50% and about 87% of the formulation, with from about 4% to about 40% of the formulation comprising one or more disintegrant agents; b) a wetting agent comprising between about 0.5% and about 2.7% of the formulation; c) a lubricant comprising between about 0.2% and about 5.5% of the formulation; and d) a glidant comprising between about 0.1% and about 5.5% of the formulation.
• the percentages listed in the formulations above indicate percentages by weight of the total weight of the components listed from a) to d).
• the formulations above also preferably contain an optional antioxidant component, preferably ascorbic acid, at a concentration of from about 0.5% to about 5.5% by weight of the formulation.
• the formulations are also preferably contained within a pharmaceutically acceptable capsule, such as a gel capsule, or coated with a film coating comprising from about 0.3% to about 8% by weight of the formulation.
• This invention also comprises a pharmaceutical carrier or excipient systems useful in pharmaceutical compositions utilizing as an active ingredient one or more of the compounds described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein.
• These pharmaceutical carrier or excipient systems may comprise, by weight: a) a filler and disintegrant component comprising between about 54% and about 80% of the formulation, with the disintegrant agent(s) therein comprising from about 4% to about 40% by weight of the overall formulation; b) a wetting agent comprising between about 0.55% and about 2.5% of the formulation; c) a lubricant comprising between about 0.2% and about 5.5% of the formulation; and d) a glidant comprising between about 0.1% and about 5.0% of the formulation.
• the more preferred carrier or excipient systems above also optionally and preferably contain an antioxidant component, preferably ascorbic acid, at a concentration of from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight.
• an antioxidant component preferably ascorbic acid
• the carrier or excipient systems of this invention are those comprising: a) a filler and disintegrant component, as described above, comprising between about 50% and about 87% of the formulation, the disintegrant(s) therein comprising from about 25% to about 35% of the formulation, by weight; b) a wetting agent comprising between about 0.55% and about 2.7% of the formulation; c) a lubricant comprising between about 0.2% and about 5.5% of the formulation; d) a glidant comprising between about 0.1% and about 5.5% of the formulation; and e) an antioxidant component, preferably ascorbic acid, at a concentration of from about 0.1% to about 5.5% by weight.
• a filler and disintegrant component as described above, comprising between about 50% and about 87% of the formulation, the disintegrant(s) therein comprising from about 25% to about 35% of the formulation, by weight
• the formulations given above in Table 1 were prepared by incorporating a portion of the excipients in the granulation and a portion is also added in the final blending steps as dry powders.
• a dissolution profile generated for the formulations demonstrated almost 90% release of the drug in 30 minutes.
• the unique combination of disintegrants and soluble diluents plus the incorporation of both granulated and powdered solids into the composition ensures the fastest release of drug.
• Wet granulation of the formulations as described in Table 1 may be carried out by mixing the drug and ascorbic acid with a portion of the lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch and sodium starch glycolate.
• the sodium lauryl sulfate is dissolved in the water and used to granulate the mixture of powders in a high shear mixer.
• the granulation is dried in a fluid bed dryer to a moisture of 2-3%.
• the particle size of the dried granulation is controlled by passing through a mill equipped with knife-edged blades and using a 20- or 30-mesh screen.
• the silicon dioxide and remaining lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, and sodium starch glycolate are mixed with the milled granulation in a tumble- type mixer.
• the final blend is prepared by adding magnesium stearate to the tumble- type mixer and mixing. Compression is carried out on a rotary tablet press using appropriate size tooling. Coating is performed in conventional coating pans and applying the coating suspension to achieve a suitable film coat.
• Amount in formula is adjusted for actual potency of TSE-424 as free base. Corresponding adjustment made with Lactose.
• ERA-923 tablets are compressed to a tablet weight of up to 640 mg to achieve the target dose (up to 100 mg). Tablets may then be film coated.
• a preferred carrier or excipient system for formulating a granulation of from about 2 to about 8% by weight of one of the active pharmacological agents of this invention, preferably about 5%, may be produced utilizing the carrier or excipient components on a weight percentage; lactose from about 32% to about 38%, microcrystalline cellulose from about 32% to about 38%, pregelatinized starch from about 12% to about 16%, ascorbic acid from about 1% to about 2%, sodium lauryl sulfate from about 1% to about 2%, sodium starch glycolate from about 4% to about 8%, silicon dioxide from about 0.1% to about 0.2% and magnesium stearate from about 0.3% to about 0.7%.
• a formulation of this invention utilizing TSE-424 as the active ingredient at a 5% granulation was prepared utilizing the components listed below in a granulation part of components and a dry part.

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