EP1305806A1 - Preparation de materiaux composites conducteurs par depot d'un polymere conducteur dans un substrat poreux isolant et solution utile pour cette preparation - Google Patents
Preparation de materiaux composites conducteurs par depot d'un polymere conducteur dans un substrat poreux isolant et solution utile pour cette preparationInfo
- Publication number
- EP1305806A1 EP1305806A1 EP01984121A EP01984121A EP1305806A1 EP 1305806 A1 EP1305806 A1 EP 1305806A1 EP 01984121 A EP01984121 A EP 01984121A EP 01984121 A EP01984121 A EP 01984121A EP 1305806 A1 EP1305806 A1 EP 1305806A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- polyaniline
- conductive polymer
- substrate
- porous substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000775 emeraldine polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 halogen derivatives of acetic acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940100630 metacresol Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000584 ultraviolet--visible--near infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical class C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000892 gravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/128—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising six-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polyanilines, polyphenylenes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the manufacture of electrically conductive composite materials comprising a conductive polymer such as polyaniline, in an insulating substrate. It applies in particular to the manufacture of porous membranes based on polymers and other insulating materials, made conductive by the conductive polymer.
- Such materials can be used as electrodes, as gas sensors, as biological microsensors or as filtration material for flammable liquids.
- Synthetics Metals 60, 1993, pages 27-30 [1] describes the preparation of a composite polyaniline-poly membrane (bisp enol- ⁇ -carbonate) used for the detection of ammonia.
- This composite membrane is obtained by electropolymerization of aniline on an electrode coated with polycarbonate. It contains about 50% by weight of polyaniline and has a conductivity of 10 "2 S. cm -1 .
- biosensors comprising a composite electrode based on polyaniline and perfluorosulfonate ionomer Nafion®, which is obtained by deposition of the polyaniline, by electropolymerization on a carbon electrode glass coated with Nafion®.
- 1109-1112 also describes a porous material in the pores of which polyaniline is formed by chemical polymerization in situ.
- the methods described above for obtaining composites comprising a conductive polyaniline also use a deposition of polyaniline by electropolymerization or by chemical polymerization of aniline, which has certain drawbacks.
- the processes based on electropolymerization require first coating the insulating membrane with an electrically conductive material to allow the growth of polyaniline by electropolymerization.
- Such methods are also ill-suited to the production of membranes with large surfaces because the electric field can be very inhomogeneous in an electrolytic cell of large dimensions, which leads to a deposit of inhomogeneous conductive polymer.
- the electropolymerization reactions are very slow.
- the present invention specifically relates to a process for preparing an electrically conductive composite material comprising a porous insulating substrate made conductive by depositing a conductive polymer inside the pores of the substrate.
- the process for preparing an electrically conductive composite material comprising a porous insulating substrate and a conductive polymer disposed in the pores of the insulating substrate, is characterized in that it consists in performing at least one conductive polymer deposition cycle comprising the following steps: a) bringing the porous substrate into contact with a solution of the conductive polymer in a volatile organic solvent, chemically inert with respect to the porous substrate, and b) removing the volatile organic solvent by evaporation to form a deposit of conductive polymer in the pores of the porous substrate.
- the process of the invention is very advantageous because it makes it possible to deposit conductive polymer in a single step, which is much simpler and quicker to implement than the steps necessary for depositing by electropolymerization or by chemical polymerization "in situ. » And also to delete the washing steps.
- the important characteristic is the choice of the volatile organic solvent used to form the solution for depositing the conductive polymer inside the pores of the porous substrate.
- the solvent used must be chemically inert with respect to the porous substrate, that is to say that it must neither dissolve nor deteriorate this substrate, and ensure good dissolution of the conductive polymer.
- solvents are chosen which allow a) to keep the conductive polymer in conductive form, b) to facilitate its penetration into the pores of the porous substrate, and c) to lead to a uniform deposition of the conductive polymer.
- solvents capable of dissolving a sufficient amount of conductive polymer to form a solution containing for example from 1 to 10 g / 1 of conductive polymer, and having an appropriate viscosity, to wet the surface of the substrate.
- an amphiphilic organic solvent is also chosen to obtain a uniform deposition of the conductive polymer on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces of the substrate.
- organic solvents which can be used, mention may be made of acetic acid, halogenated derivatives of acetic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, and fluorinated alcohols such as hexafluoro-isopropanol.
- the conductive polymer can be chosen from polyanilines, polypyrroles, polythiophenes and their derivatives.
- polyaniline preferably of high molecular weight, and more preferably in the form of emeraldine base.
- Polyanilines of this type can be obtained by the methods described in document [7] and the document Synthetics Metals, 95, 1998, pages 29-45 [9].
- the solution used is advantageously a solution of polyaniline and of protonating agent in a volatile amphiphilic organic solvent.
- the protonating agents used are chosen to facilitate the dissolution of the polyaniline. Mention may in particular be made of the aliphatic and / or aromatic monoesters and diesters of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acids and phosphonic acids.
- phosphoric acid esters monoesters and aliphatic diesters are preferred.
- camphosulfonic acid is used as protonating agent.
- the porous substrates used in the invention can be made of very diverse materials. They may, for example, be insulating polymers, filter papers, glasses and ceramics.
- the pores of the porous substrates used usually have an average size of 0.2 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the porous substrate is brought into contact with the conductive polymer solution, either by immersion of the substrate in the solution, or by spraying the solution onto the substrate, for example in the form of an areosol. .
- the polymer deposit is formed inside the pores and possibly on the external surface of the substrate, by the simple physical phenomenon of evaporation of the solvent with simultaneous solidification of the conductive phase of the conductive polymer in the form of a uniform layer.
- no secondary product is formed; it is therefore not necessary to remove such products by washing.
- by changing the polymer concentration of the deposition solution it is easy to control the quantity and the morphology of the conductive layer deposited.
- the invention also relates to a polyaniline solution, usable for the deposition of conductive polyaniline on a porous substrate, characterized in that it consists of a polyaniline solution in the form of emeraldine base and of a protonating agent in l trifluoroacetic acid.
- the protonating agent is camphosulfonic acid.
- the polyaniline concentration of the solution is from 1 to 1.
- FIGS 1 to 4 illustrate the production of a composite material, in accordance with the method of the invention, by carrying out three successive deposition cycles.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the UV-VIS-NIR spectra of solutions and of a film cast from a solution according to the invention.
- this substrate 1 is brought into contact with a solution of conductive polymer, for example by spraying thereon a solution of polyaniline and of a protonating agent in a volatile organic solvent. After removal of the solvent by evaporation, the deposit 5 of polyaniline is obtained inside the pores 3 of the porous substrate 1, as shown in FIG. 2.
- a second deposition cycle is carried out under the same conditions, which leads to the structure shown in FIG. 3 where the deposits 5 are more substantial and begin to form a network inside the porous substrate.
- a conductive phase 5 is obtained inside the pores 3 and on the external surface of the substrate 1, which makes it possible to ensure macroscopic conductivity on the two faces of the substrate and between the two faces of the substrate.
- the conductivity increases sharply after the second deposition cycle.
- the increase is less after the third deposit due to the saturation effect of the pores. Examples of implementation of the method of the invention are described below.
- the polyaniline is deposited in a porous substrate constituted by a Millipore HVLP filter in poly (vinylidene fluoride) having an average pore size of 0.45 ⁇ m.
- Polyaniline in the form of emeraldine base, prepared at -15 ° C using the process described in document [9].
- Polyaniline has an inherent viscosity of 1.70 dl / g (at 25 ° C in solution at 0.1% by weight in concentrated sulfuric acid).
- the polyaniline solution is prepared by adding to a container containing 120 ml of trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA), 0.8 g of polyaniline emeraldine base pre-dried and 1.024 g of camphosulfonic acid (CSA), which corresponds to 0.5 molecule of camphosulfonic acid per repeated unit of polyaniline, and the whole is subjected to vigorous stirring for 24 hours. The insoluble part is then removed by centrifugation. The mass of dissolved polyaniline is determined by gravimetry as being the difference between the initial mass of polyaniline emeraldine base and the mass of undissolved fraction after its deprotonation.
- TFAA trifluoroacetic acid
- CSA camphosulfonic acid
- a solution is obtained having a polyaniline concentration of 5 g / l.
- FIG. 5 which represents the UV-VIS-NIR spectrum of a solution of polyaniline in TFAA, without protonating agent (PANI / TFAA) (spectrum 11) of a solution of polyaniline and of CSA in TFAA (PANI- CSA / TFAA ) (spectrum 13) and a film obtained by pouring the solution (PANI-CS / TFAA) and evaporation of the solvent (spectrum 15) illustrates these color modifications.
- the polyaniline and CSA solution in TFAA is then used to form a coating in the porous substrate by depositing this solution on the filter using a micropipette or by immersing the substrate in this solution.
- the dose of solution is 0.2 ml for the first deposit, which is enough to cover an area of about 4 cm in diameter. After evaporation of the solvent, a deposit of polymer is obtained which adheres well to the substrate and which cannot be removed mechanically.
- the volume conductivity of the composite material is determined by a method with four contacts on the surface of the material and taking into account the total thickness of the filter.
- the polyaniline content introduced by each deposit is approximately 0.4 to 0.8% by weight.
- the adhesion of the polymer deposit on the porous filter is excellent, the deposited layer cannot be mechanically separated from the surface. All samples are subjected to an aging test consisting of 30 consecutive cycles of deprotonation-protonation (dedoping-doping) and drying. There is simply a slight drop in conductivity (20% maximum) at the end of the test.
- the porous substrate is a Santorius SM 118 filter made of modified polytetrafluoroethylene, which has a pore size of 0.45 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 The same procedure is followed as in Example 1, but a medium pore size filter paper is used as the substrate. The results obtained are given in Table 3.
- Example 2 The same procedure is followed as in Example 1, but a Whatman microporous glass filter having a pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m is used as the substrate.
- the substrate is flexible and the conductivity depends on the pressure used for the application of contacts. The conductivity measured
- the increase in conductivity during the second deposition is significantly higher than the increase in the third deposition. This can be explained by the low percolation threshold for the conductivity which is influenced by the morphology of the porous substrate.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0008737A FR2811466B1 (fr) | 2000-07-05 | 2000-07-05 | Preparation de materiaux composites conducteurs par depot d'un polymere conducteur dans un substrat poreux isolant et solution utile pour cette preparation |
| FR0008737 | 2000-07-05 | ||
| PCT/FR2001/002127 WO2002003396A1 (fr) | 2000-07-05 | 2001-07-03 | Preparation de materiaux composites conducteurs par depot d'un polymere conducteur dans un substrat poreux isolant et solution utile pour cette preparation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1305806A1 true EP1305806A1 (fr) | 2003-05-02 |
| EP1305806B1 EP1305806B1 (fr) | 2004-09-29 |
Family
ID=8852128
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01984121A Expired - Lifetime EP1305806B1 (fr) | 2000-07-05 | 2001-07-03 | Preparation de materiaux composites conducteurs par depot d'un polymere conducteur dans un substrat poreux isolant et solution utile pour cette preparation |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6753041B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1305806B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2004502286A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE278242T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60106054T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2228966T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2811466B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002003396A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7160575B1 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2007-01-09 | University Of Puerto Rico | Conducting polymer |
| US7300861B2 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2007-11-27 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Method for interconnecting electronic components using a blend solution to form a conducting layer and an insulating layer |
| US7351606B2 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2008-04-01 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Method for forming a bottom gate thin film transistor using a blend solution to form a semiconducting layer and an insulating layer |
| EP2145916B1 (fr) * | 2008-07-17 | 2013-06-19 | W.L.Gore & Associates Gmbh | Revêtement de substrat comportant un complexe de fluoropolymère ionique et nanoparticules chargées à la surface |
| US20120328778A1 (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-12-27 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Infusion of porous media with a liquid chemical agent mixture |
| EP4041569A4 (fr) * | 2019-10-11 | 2024-03-20 | The Trustees of The University of Pennsylvania | Fabrication rapide de substrats absorbants pour des capteurs et des conducteurs souples et adaptés |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5294504A (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1994-03-15 | Osaka Gas Company, Ltd. | Three-dimensional microstructure as a substrate for a battery electrode |
| JPH0572791A (ja) * | 1991-09-13 | 1993-03-26 | Nitto Denko Corp | 電子写真用転写部材 |
| US5248554A (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1993-09-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for impregnating filaments of p-aramid yarns with polyanilines |
| JPH06120086A (ja) * | 1992-10-05 | 1994-04-28 | Fujitsu Ltd | 固体電解コンデンサの製造方法 |
| FR2751660B1 (fr) | 1996-07-29 | 1998-08-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Composition pour la fabrication d'un materiau composite conducteur contenant une polyaniline et materiau composite obtenu a partir de cette composition |
| KR19980081610A (ko) * | 1997-04-23 | 1998-11-25 | 우치가사키이사오 | 고체전해콘덴서의 전해질형성용 조성물 및 고체전해콘덴서 |
| FR2767138B1 (fr) * | 1997-08-07 | 1999-09-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de fabrication de polyaniline de masse moleculaire elevee sous forme d'emeraldine et polyaniline obtenue par ce procede |
| US5888582A (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-03-30 | Kemet Electronics Corp. | Polyaniline solutions with bicyclic terpene solvent |
| US6391379B1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2002-05-21 | Kemet Electronics Corporation | Process of preparing a solid electrolytic capacitor containing a conductive polymer counter electrode |
-
2000
- 2000-07-05 FR FR0008737A patent/FR2811466B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-07-03 DE DE60106054T patent/DE60106054T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-03 WO PCT/FR2001/002127 patent/WO2002003396A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-07-03 AT AT01984121T patent/ATE278242T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-03 EP EP01984121A patent/EP1305806B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-03 ES ES01984121T patent/ES2228966T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-03 JP JP2002507384A patent/JP2004502286A/ja active Pending
- 2001-07-03 US US10/312,890 patent/US6753041B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0203396A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2004502286A (ja) | 2004-01-22 |
| WO2002003396A1 (fr) | 2002-01-10 |
| US6753041B2 (en) | 2004-06-22 |
| ATE278242T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
| FR2811466B1 (fr) | 2004-02-20 |
| DE60106054D1 (de) | 2004-11-04 |
| EP1305806B1 (fr) | 2004-09-29 |
| US20030138566A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
| FR2811466A1 (fr) | 2002-01-11 |
| DE60106054T2 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
| ES2228966T3 (es) | 2005-04-16 |
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