EP1304719A1 - Photovervielfacherröhre, photovervielfacherröhreneinheit und strahlungsdetektor - Google Patents

Photovervielfacherröhre, photovervielfacherröhreneinheit und strahlungsdetektor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1304719A1
EP1304719A1 EP00922980A EP00922980A EP1304719A1 EP 1304719 A1 EP1304719 A1 EP 1304719A1 EP 00922980 A EP00922980 A EP 00922980A EP 00922980 A EP00922980 A EP 00922980A EP 1304719 A1 EP1304719 A1 EP 1304719A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
faceplate
tube
photomultiplier
photomultiplier tube
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00922980A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1304719A4 (de
Inventor
Hideki Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. SHIMOI
Akira Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. ATSUMI
Hiroyuki Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. KYUSHIMA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Original Assignee
Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamamatsu Photonics KK filed Critical Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Publication of EP1304719A1 publication Critical patent/EP1304719A1/de
Publication of EP1304719A4 publication Critical patent/EP1304719A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/28—Vessels, e.g. wall of the tube; Windows; Screens; Suppressing undesired discharges or currents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photomultiplier tube for detecting weak light incident on a faceplate by multiplying electrons emitted from the faceplate, a photomultiplier tube unit having photomultiplier tubes arranged, and a radiation detector employing a lot of arranged photomultiplier tubes and/or photomultiplier tube units.
  • Japanese patent Kokai publication No. Hei 5-290793 discloses a photomultiplier tube in which an electron multiplier is accommodated in a hermetically sealed vessel.
  • the vessel has a metal side tube having a flange at an upper end.
  • the flange is welded and fixed to an upper surface of a faceplate, thereby ensuring airtightness of the vessel.
  • the flange of the side tube is welded to the faceplate, while the side tube is heated.
  • a side tube 100 has a flange 101 provided at the entire upper end thereof.
  • a lower face 101a of the flange 101 is in contact with an upper face 102a of a faceplate 102, so that the side tube 100 and the faceplate 102 are fused.
  • Such a photomultiplier tube has a flange 101 overhanging the upper face 102a of the faceplate 102.
  • the flange 101 covers an edge of the faceplate 102 at an upper end of the side tube 100.
  • the flange 102 narrows faceplate 102a, thereby decreasing an effective sensitive area of the faceplate 102.
  • the present invention features a photomultiplier tube having: a photocathode for emitting electrons in response to light incident on a faceplate; an electron multiplier provided in an hermetically sealed vessel for multiplying electrons emitted from the photocathode; and an anode for generating an output signal based on electrons multiplied by the electron multiplier.
  • the hermetically sealed vessel includes: a stem plate having stem pins for fixing the electron multiplier and the anode thereon; a metal side tube enclosing the electron multiplier and the anode, the metal side tube having an open end to which the stem plate is fixed; and the faceplate fixed to another open end of the side tube, the faceplate being made from glass.
  • a side face of the faceplate protrudes out of an outer side wall of the side tube.
  • a side surface of the glass faceplate protrudes out of the outer side wall of the metal side tube by a predetermined length. Accordingly, the area for receiving light passing through a photocathode 3d on the glass faceplate 3 is increased.
  • the above overhang structure of the faceplate 3 is provided on the basis of refractive index of glass. The above structure is directed to receive light which a conventional photomultiplier tube is not capable of receiving.
  • the metal side tube is fused to the glass faceplate, the fusing method described above is adopted due to joint between glass and metal.
  • the overhanging part of the faceplate is effective at ensuring a reliable operation to fuse the faceplate and the overhanging part.
  • the overhanging structure of the faceplate is effective means for increasing a fused area and ensure enlarged light receiving area.
  • the side tube of the photomultiplier tube according to the present invention has an edge portion on an upper end thereof, the edge portion is to be embedded in a photocathode side of the faceplate.
  • the edge portion of the side tube is embedded in the glass faceplate so as to strike thereon. Therefore, the side tube conforms to the faceplate well, and hermetic seal between the side tube and the faceplate is enhanced.
  • the edge portion provided in the side tube extends upwardly from the side tube rather than extends laterally from the side tube like a flange.
  • the tip end of the edge portion of the photomultiplier tube may curve toward one of an interior and an exterior of the side tube.
  • the above structure increases a surface are of the edge portion embedded in the faceplate, and improves and enhances the hermetic seal at a joint between the side tube and the faceplate.
  • the edge portion preferably has a knife-edged tip end. This structure enables an end of the side tube to penetrate the faceplate easily. When the glass faceplate is fused to the side tube, an assembly operation and reliability is improved.
  • the edge portion When an end of the side tube is fused to the faceplate, the edge portion is heated while being contact with a photocathode side of the faceplate, the contact part of the faceplate is melted due to heat conducted from the edge portion, a pressing force is applied across the edge portion and the faceplate to embed the edge portion into the photocathode side of the faceplate.
  • the faceplate has a reflecting member on a side face of the faceplate.
  • some of light incident on the faceplate leaks out of a side face of the side tube. Because such light is reflected by the reflecting member provided on the side face, the amount of light incident on the photocathode is increased. The light receiving efficiency at the faceplate is improved.
  • the faceplate of the photomultiplier tube has at least a part of a face extending parallel to an axial direction of the side tube.
  • the faceplate has a convex face on at least one part of the side face.
  • the side face is inclined a predetermined angle with respect to an axial direction of the side tube so that an area of a light receiving side of the faceplate is wider than an area of a side of the faceplate facing the photocathode.
  • a photomultiplier tube unit has a plurality of photomultiplier tubes that are juxtaposed, each of the plurality of the photomultiplier tubes having a photocathode for emitting electrons in response to light incident on a faceplate; an electron multiplier provided in an hermetically sealed vessel for multiplying electrons emitted from the photocathod; and an anode for generating an output signal based on electrons multiplied by the electron multiplier.
  • the hermetically sealed vessel includes: a stem plate having stem pins for fixing the electron multiplier and the anode thereon; a metal side tube enclosing the electron multiplier and the anode, the side tube having one open end to which the stem plate is fixed; and the faceplate fixed to another open end of the side tube, the faceplate being made from glass.
  • the plurality of photomultiplier tube are juxtaposed to integrate the faceplates together and space the side tube away from the other.
  • the neighboring side tubes are spaced away from each other while the faceplates are integral with each other.
  • the faceplates extend over a gap between the neighboring side tubes. Therefore, an effective sensitive area of the faceplate is increased.
  • the faceplates are maintained at the same potential due to the integrated structure of the faceplates.
  • the neighboring faceplates are spaced away from each other, which facilitates gain control (current gain) at each electron multiplier section. For example, when a negative high voltage is applied to the photocathode, fine gain adjustment is necessary for each electron multiplier section in order to maintain a constant gain for four intervals between the electron multiplier sections. The unit described above enables this gain control.
  • the plurality of side tubes are secured to a faceplate while each of the plurality of side tubes is spaced away from each other.
  • integration of the faceplate is performed by a single faceplate.
  • the faceplate obtains uniform quality, which contributes to improved reliability of the unit.
  • the photomultiplier tube according to the present invention can be used for any size of a unit.
  • the neighboring side face of the faceplates are secured through an electrically conductive reflecting member.
  • electrical conductivity between the neighboring faceplates is ensured.
  • the amount of light incident on the photocathode is increased due to light reflected by the reflecting member. Therefore, light receiving efficiency on the faceplate is improved.
  • a radiation detector has a scintillator for emitting fluorescent light in response to radiation generated from an object; a plurality of photomultiplier tubes arranged in a manner that faceplates of the photomultiplier tubes face the scintillator, each of the photomultiplier tubes generating an electrical charge based on the fluorescent light emitted from the scintillator; and a position calculating processor for processing an output from the photomultiplier tube and generating a signal for indicating a position of radiation generated in the object.
  • Each of the plurality of photomultiplier tubes has a photocathode for emitting electrons in response to light incident on a faceplate; an electron multiplier provided in an hermetically sealed vessel for multiplying electrons emitted from the photocathode; and an anode for producing an output signal based on electrons multiplied by the electron multiplier.
  • the hermetically sealed vessel includes: a stem plate having stem pins for securing the electron multiplier and the anode thereon; a metal side tube enclosing the electron multiplier and the anode, the side tube having one open end to which the stem plate is fixed; and the faceplate fixed to another open end of the side tube, the faceplate being made from glass.
  • the plurality of side tubes is juxtaposed. The faceplates are integrated with each other. One of the side tubes is spaced away from another of the side tubes.
  • the neighboring side tubes are spaced away from each other while the faceplates are integral with each other.
  • the faceplates extend over a gap between the neighboring side tubes. Therefore, an effective sensitive area of the faceplate is increased.
  • the faceplates are maintained at the same potential due to the integrated structure of the faceplates.
  • the neighboring faceplates are spaced away from each other, which facilitates gain control (current gain) at each electron multiplier section. For example, when a negative high voltage is applied to the photocathode, fine gain adjustment is necessary for each electron multiplier section in order to maintain a constant gain for four intervals between the electron multiplier sections.
  • the radiation detector described above enables this gain control, thereby improving the performance over the radiation detector.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a photomultiplier tube according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the photomultiplier tube in Fig. 1.
  • the photomultiplier tube 1 includes a side tube 2 having a substantially rectangular section and formed from a metal material (such as Kovar metal and stainless steel).
  • a glass faceplate 3 is fused to one open end A of the side tube 2.
  • a photocathode 3a for converting light to an electron is formed on an inner surface of the faceplate 3.
  • the photocathode 3a is formed by reacting alkali metal vapor with antimony pre-deposited on the faceplate 3.
  • a stem plate 4 made from a metal material (such as Kovar metal and stainless steel) is welded to the other open end B of the side tube 2.
  • the assembly of the side tube 2, the faceplate 3, and the stem plate 4 forms a hermetically sealed vessel 5.
  • the vessel 5 has a low height of approximately 10 mm.
  • a metal evacuating tube 6 is provided in the center of the stem plate 4.
  • the evacuating tube 6 is used to evacuate the vessel 5 by a vacuum pump (not shown) after the assembly of the photomultiplier tube 1 is over.
  • the evacuating tube 6 is also used for introducing alkali metal vapor into the vessel 5 during the production of the photocathode 3a.
  • a stacked electron multiplier 7 in a block shape is disposed inside the vessel 5.
  • the electron multiplier 7 has an electron multiplying section 9 in which ten stages of flat dynodes 8 are stacked.
  • Stem pins 10 formed from Kovar metal penetrate the stem plate 4 and support the electron multiplier 7 in the vessel 5.
  • the tip of each stem pin 10 is electrically connected to each dynode 8.
  • Pinholes 4a are formed in the stem plate 4, enabling the stem pins 10 to penetrate the stem plate 4.
  • Each of the pinholes 4a is filled with a tablet 11 formed from Kovar glass, which forms a hermetic seal between the stem pins 10 and the stem plate 4.
  • Each stem pin 10 is fixed to the stem plate 4 by the tablet 11.
  • the stem pins 10 are classified into two groups: one group for the dynodes, and the other group for an anode.
  • the anodes 12 are positioned below the electron multiplying section 9 in the electron multiplier 7.
  • the anodes 12 are fixed to the top ends of the anode pins 10B.
  • a flat focusing electrode 13 is disposed between the photocathode 3a and the electron multiplying section 9 above the top stage of the electron multiplier 7.
  • a plurality of slit-shaped openings 13a is formed in the focusing electrode plate 13.
  • the openings 13a extend in one direction.
  • Slit-shaped electron multiplying holes 8a are formed in the dynode 8.
  • the number of electron multiplying holes 8a is the same as that of the openings 13a.
  • the electron multiplying holes 8a are arranged parallel to each other in one direction.
  • the electron multiplying holes 8a extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the surface of the dynodes 8.
  • Electron multiplying paths L are formed by arranging the electron multiplying holes 8a in each dynode 8 along the direction of the stack.
  • a plurality of channels is formed in the electron multiplier 7 by associating the path L with the corresponding opening 13a in the focusing electrode plate 13.
  • the anodes 12 are configured in an 8x8 arrangement, so that each anode 12 corresponds to a predetermined number of channels. Since the anode 12 is connected to the corresponding anode pin 10B, output signals can be extracted through each anode pin 10B.
  • the electron multiplier 7 has a plurality of linear channels.
  • a predetermined voltage is applied across the electron multiplying section 9 and anodes 12 by the stem pin 10 connected to a bleeder circuit (not shown).
  • the photocathode 3a and the focusing electrode plate 13 are maintained at the same potential.
  • the potential of each dynode 8 is decreasing from the top of the dynode toward the anodes 12. Accordingly, incident light on the faceplate 3 is converted to electrons at the photocathode 3a.
  • the electrons are guided into a certain channel by the electron lens effect generated by the focusing electrode plate 13 and the first stage of the dynode 8 on the top of the electron multiplier 7.
  • the electrons guided into the channel are multiplied through each stage of the dynodes 8 while passing through the electron multiplying paths L.
  • the electrons are collected by the anodes 12 to be outputted as an output signal.
  • the stem plate 4 is inserted through the open end B of the side tube 2 so that an inner side wall 2c at a lower end 2a of the side tube 2 is in contact with a side face 4b of the stem plate.
  • a lower end face 2d of the side tube 2 is approximately flush with a lower face 4c of the stem plate 4 in order that the lower end surface 2d does not project below the stem plate 4.
  • the lower end 2a of the outer side wall 2b of the side tube 2 extends in the substantial axial direction of the tube 2, and eliminates lateral projection such as a flange at the lower end of the photomultiplier tube 1.
  • a junction F between the side tube 2 and stem plate 4 is laser-welded by irradiating a laser beam on the junction F from a point directly below and external to the junction F or in a direction toward the junction F.
  • the above laser welding is one example for fusing the stem plate 4 and side tube 2.
  • the side tube 2 and the stem plate 4 are welded together using the laser welding, it is unnecessary to apply pressure across the junction F between the side tube 2 and stem plate 4 in contrast to resistance welding. Hence, no residual stress is induced at the junction F, avoiding cracks from occurring at this junction during the usage.
  • the usage of the laser welding greatly improves the durability and hermetic seal of the photomultiplier tube 1.
  • Laser welding and electron beam welding prevent generation of heat at the junction F, compared to the resistance welding. Hence, when the photomultiplier tube 1 is assembled, there is very little effect of heat on the components in the vessel 5.
  • the side tube 2 is formed by pressing a flat plate made from metal such as Kovar and stainless steel into an approximately rectangular cylindrical shape having a thickness of approximately 0.25 mm and a height of approximately 7 mm.
  • the glass faceplate 3 is fixed to the open end A of the side tube 2 by fusion.
  • an edge portion 20 is formed on an upper end of the side tube 2 which the glass faceplate 3 faces.
  • the edge portion 20 is provided around the entire upper end of the side tube 2.
  • the edge portion 20 curves toward an exterior of the side tube 2 through a curved part 20a formed on an inner surface 2c side of the side tube 2.
  • the edge portion 20 has a knife-edged tip 20b.
  • the metal side tube 2 When fixing the side tube 2 with an edge portion 20 having the above shape to the glass faceplate 3, the metal side tube 2 is placed on a rotating platform (not shown) with a bottom surface of the glass faceplate 3 being in contact the tip 20b of the edge portion 20. Next, the metal side tube 2 is heated by a high-frequency heating device while the glass faceplate 3 is pressed downwardly to the side tube 2 by a pressure jig. At this time, the heated edge portion 20 of the side tube 2 gradually melts and penetrates the glass faceplate 3. As a result, the edge portion 20 is embedded into the glass faceplate 3, ensuring a hermetic seal at the juncture between the glass faceplate 3 and side tube 2.
  • the edge portion 20 extends upwardly from the side tube 2 rather than extends laterally from the side tube 2 like a flange.
  • a side surface 3c of the glass faceplate 3 protrudes with respect to the outer side wall 2b of the metal side tube 2 by a predetermined length. Accordingly, an overhanging part 3A with a protrusion having a predetermined length L is formed in the glass faceplate 3, thereby increasing the area for receiving light passing through a photocathode 3d on the glass faceplate 3.
  • the above overhang structure of the faceplate 3 is provided on the basis of refractive index of glass. The above structure is directed to receive light as much as possible which a conventional photomultiplier tube is not capable of receiving. The above structure is for light incident on the faceplate to be guided to photocathode 3a.
  • any protruding length L of the overhanging part is selected dependently on the relation between the thickness and the material of the faceplate 3.
  • the faceplate 3 may be made from Kovar glass and quarts glass.
  • the fusing method described above is adopted due to joint between glass and metal.
  • the overhanging part 3A of the faceplate 3 is effective at ensuring an area required to fuse the faceplate 3 and the overhanging part 3A.
  • a longer length L of the protrusion 3A avoids deformation of the side face 3c of the faceplate 3 during the fusion to the side tube 2, thereby ensuring the shape of the side face 3c without deformation.
  • a reflecting member 21 may be provided on the side face 3c of the faceplate 3.
  • the reflecting member 21 is made just by depositing an electrically conductive aluminum on the side face 3c.
  • the reflecting member 21 can reflect a light beam which has struck a faceplate 3 and leaked out of the side face 3c due to lack of any reflecting member. Accordingly, the amount of light incident on the photocathode 3a is increased. And light receiving efficiency at the faceplate 3 is improved.
  • the side tube has an edge portion 20A curving toward an interior thereof.
  • Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of an overhanging part of the faceplate 3.
  • the overhanging part 3B has a curved convex surface K at a lower end on the side face 3e of the faceplate 3.
  • the reflecting member 22 is fixed on a side face 3e.
  • Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of an overhanging part of the faceplate 3.
  • An overhanging part 3C has a flat side face 3f.
  • the side face 3f of the faceplate 3 is inclined with respect to an axial direction of the side tube 2 in order that a light receiving area is wider than a photocathode area on the faceplate 3.
  • a reflecting member 23 is fixed to the side face 3f.
  • Fig. 9 shows a still further embodiment of an overhanging part of the faceplate 3.
  • the overhanging part 3D has an R-shaped side face 3g.
  • the side face 3g has a convex curved shape as a whole.
  • a reflecting member 24 is fixed on the side face 3g.
  • any one of the side faces 3e-3g is suitable for improving the light receiving efficiency.
  • the side faces 3c, and 3e are appropriate for the faceplates 3 to arrange closely to each other.
  • a radiation detector 40 is a gamma camera as one example.
  • the radiation detector 40 has been developed as a diagnostic device used in nuclear medicine.
  • the gamma camera 40 has a detecting unit 43 supported by an arm 42 extending from a support frame 39.
  • the detecting unit 43 is positioned directly above a bed 41 on which a patient P serving as the object of examination reclines.
  • a casing 44 of the detecting unit 43 accommodates a scintillator 46 which is positioned opposite to the patient.
  • the scintillator 46 is fixed directly to a group of photomultiplier tubes G without an interposing glass light guide.
  • the group of photomultiplier tubes G includes a plurality of photomultiplier tubes 1 arranged densely in a matrix configuration.
  • the faceplate 3 of each photomultiplier tubes 1 is orientated downwardly to the scintillator 46 in order to directly receive fluorescent light emitted from the scintillator 46.
  • a conventional light guide is no longer needed, because the thickness of the faceplate 3 is increased to compensate for the thickness of the light guide.
  • a position calculating processor 49 is provided in the casing 44 for performing calculations based on electrical charges from each photomultiplier tube 1.
  • the position calculating processor 49 generates an X signal, a Y signal, and a Z signal to form a three-dimensional image on a display (not shown).
  • Gamma rays emitted from the affected part of the patient P are converted to predetermined fluorescent light by the scintillator 46.
  • Each of the photomultiplier tubes 1 converts the energy of this fluorescent light into electrical charges.
  • the position calculating processor 49 generates positions signals based on the electrical charges. In this way, it is possible to monitor the distribution of radiation energy from the object on the display for use in diagnoses.
  • gamma camera 40 As one example of a radiation detector, another radiation detector used in nuclear medicine diagnoses is a Positron CT (commonly designated as PET). This apparatus also includes many the photomultiplier tubes 1.
  • the group of photomultiplier tubes G has the photomultiplier tubes 1 arranged in a matrix. As shown in Fig. 12, the group of photomultiplier tubes G includes a photomultiplier tube unit S having four 2 x 2 of the photomultiplier tubes 1. The arrangement of the photomultiplier tubes 1 in the unit S is one example.
  • the photomultiplier tubes 1 having the same structure are arranged on a substrate 50 made from resin or ceramic in a 2 x 2 matrix.
  • the neighboring side surfaces 3c of the four faceplates 3 are in close contact, while neighboring side tubes 2 are separated from one another. Neighboring faceplates 3 can be easily and reliably fixed together by adhesive.
  • the neighboring side faces 3c of the faceplates 3 having the overhanging part 3A face to each other. Therefore, the neighboring side tubes 2 are naturally spaced away from each other. Simultaneously, the faceplates 3 extend in such a manner that the joined faceplates 3 cover a gap U remaining between the neighboring side tubes 2.
  • the photomultiplier tube 1 having an overhanging part 3A increases the effective sensitive area of the faceplate 3, while the neighboring side tubes 2 are spaced away from each other.
  • the neighboring faceplates 3 are integral with each other and spaced away from each other, which facilitates gain control (current gain) at each electron multiplier section 9 through the stem pin 10. For example, when a negative high voltage is applied to the photocathode 3a, fine gain adjustment is necessary for each electron multiplier section 9 in order to maintain a constant gain for four intervals between the electron multiplier sections. The unit described above enables this gain control.
  • the neighboring side faces 3c of the faceplates 3 may be fixed to each other through a reflecting member 21 such as aluminum, MgO, and teflon tape.
  • a reflecting member 21 such as aluminum, MgO, and teflon tape.
  • Fig. 15 shows one embodiment in which the neighboring side tubes are spaced away, and the neighboring side faces 3c of the faceplates are integral with each other.
  • Four side tubes 2 may be secured on a single faceplate 3S in a matrix manner.
  • uniform quality of the faceplate 3S is enhanced.
  • reliability of the unit S is improved.
  • Fig. 16 shows a unit S1 in which 25 side tubes 2 are arranged on a single faceplate 3S in a matrix manner to provide the hermetic sealed vessels 5.
  • the photomultiplier tubes 1 share the single faceplate 3S.
  • the faceplate 3S can be cut at a desired position between the neighboring side tubes 2 by a glass cutter into some units, each units including any number of photomultiplier tubes.
  • the unit having such a large size is suitable for mass production.
  • a photomultiplier tube 1 may be cut out one by one from the unit S1 in which many photomultiplier tubes 1 are arranged on the single faceplate 3S, if necessary.
  • fig. 17 shows a photomultiplier tube 1A in which a side tube 60 has a flange 60a extending outward, and a faceplate 3 may be fused to an upper face 60c of the flange 60a.
  • the side face 3c of the faceplate protrudes outward from an outer side face 60b of the side tube 60.
  • the shape of the faceplate 3 is not limited to a square.
  • the faceplate 3 may have a rectangular or hexagonal shape.
  • a photomultiplier tube, a photomultiplier tube unit, and a radiation detector according to the present invention have a lot of different applications in imaging devices for a low luminescent object, such as gamma cameras.

Landscapes

  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
EP00922980A 1998-11-10 2000-05-08 Photovervielfacherröhre, photovervielfacherröhreneinheit und strahlungsdetektor Withdrawn EP1304719A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31919898A JP3944322B2 (ja) 1998-11-10 1998-11-10 光電子増倍管、光電子増倍管ユニット及び放射線検出装置
PCT/JP2000/002927 WO2001086690A1 (fr) 1998-11-10 2000-05-08 Tube photomultiplicateur, unite de tube photomultiplicateur et detecteur de rayonnement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1304719A1 true EP1304719A1 (de) 2003-04-23
EP1304719A4 EP1304719A4 (de) 2007-02-14

Family

ID=26344896

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00922980A Withdrawn EP1304719A4 (de) 1998-11-10 2000-05-08 Photovervielfacherröhre, photovervielfacherröhreneinheit und strahlungsdetektor

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1304719A4 (de)
JP (1) JP3944322B2 (de)
WO (1) WO2001086690A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1282150A1 (de) * 1998-11-10 2003-02-05 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacherröhre
EP1304718A1 (de) * 1998-11-10 2003-04-23 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacherröhre und herstellungsverfahren dafür
EP1638131A2 (de) * 2004-08-10 2006-03-22 Burle Technologies, Inc. Photomultiplierröhre mit verbesserter Lichtsammlung

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3944322B2 (ja) * 1998-11-10 2007-07-11 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管、光電子増倍管ユニット及び放射線検出装置
US7276704B1 (en) 2000-05-08 2007-10-02 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photomultiplier tube, photomultiplier tube unit, and radiation detector

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0565247A1 (de) * 1992-04-09 1993-10-13 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacher-Röhre mit metallischer Seiten-Wand
EP0589671A1 (de) * 1992-09-21 1994-03-30 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacher-Einrichtung und Gamma-Kamerakopf
EP1304718A1 (de) * 1998-11-10 2003-04-23 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacherröhre und herstellungsverfahren dafür
EP1304720A1 (de) * 1998-11-10 2003-04-23 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacherröhre, photovervielfacherröhreneinheit, strahlungsdetektor

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3951698A (en) * 1974-11-25 1976-04-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Dual use of epitaxy seed crystal as tube input window and cathode structure base
US4568567A (en) * 1984-10-09 1986-02-04 Rca Corporation Method of removing trace quantities of alkali metal impurities from a bialkali-antimonide photoemissive cathode
JP3220245B2 (ja) * 1992-08-10 2001-10-22 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管
US5864207A (en) * 1996-06-19 1999-01-26 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photomultiplier with lens element
JP4231120B2 (ja) * 1998-06-01 2009-02-25 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管及び放射線検出装置
JP3944322B2 (ja) * 1998-11-10 2007-07-11 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管、光電子増倍管ユニット及び放射線検出装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0565247A1 (de) * 1992-04-09 1993-10-13 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacher-Röhre mit metallischer Seiten-Wand
EP0589671A1 (de) * 1992-09-21 1994-03-30 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacher-Einrichtung und Gamma-Kamerakopf
EP1304718A1 (de) * 1998-11-10 2003-04-23 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacherröhre und herstellungsverfahren dafür
EP1304720A1 (de) * 1998-11-10 2003-04-23 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacherröhre, photovervielfacherröhreneinheit, strahlungsdetektor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO0186690A1 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1282150A1 (de) * 1998-11-10 2003-02-05 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacherröhre
EP1304718A1 (de) * 1998-11-10 2003-04-23 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photovervielfacherröhre und herstellungsverfahren dafür
EP1304718A4 (de) * 1998-11-10 2007-02-14 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk Photovervielfacherröhre und herstellungsverfahren dafür
EP1282150A4 (de) * 1998-11-10 2007-02-28 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk Photovervielfacherröhre
EP1638131A2 (de) * 2004-08-10 2006-03-22 Burle Technologies, Inc. Photomultiplierröhre mit verbesserter Lichtsammlung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3944322B2 (ja) 2007-07-11
EP1304719A4 (de) 2007-02-14
JP2000149861A (ja) 2000-05-30
WO2001086690A1 (fr) 2001-11-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7495223B2 (en) Photomultiplier tube, photomultiplier tube unit, and radiation detector
US6472664B1 (en) Photomultiplier tube tightly arranged with substantially no space between adjacent tubes
US6762555B1 (en) Photomultiplier tube and radiation detector
US6946641B1 (en) Photomultiplier tube
EP1304720B1 (de) Photovervielfacherröhre, photovervielfacherröhreneinheit, strahlungsdetektor
US7812532B2 (en) Photomultiplier tube, radiation detecting device, and photomultiplier tube manufacturing method
US7902509B2 (en) Photomultiplier tube and radiation detecting device
EP1304718A1 (de) Photovervielfacherröhre und herstellungsverfahren dafür
US7847232B2 (en) Photomultiplier tube and radiation detecting device employing the photomultiplier tube
US7838810B2 (en) Photomultiplier tube and a radiation detecting device employing the photomultiplier tube
EP1304719A1 (de) Photovervielfacherröhre, photovervielfacherröhreneinheit und strahlungsdetektor
JP4231120B2 (ja) 光電子増倍管及び放射線検出装置
US6852979B1 (en) Photomultiplier tube, photomultiplier tube unit, radiation detector
JP4231121B2 (ja) 光電子増倍管及び放射線検出装置
JP2000067801A (ja) 光電子増倍管ユニット及び放射線検出装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20021128

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20070116

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20090105

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20161007