EP1299923A1 - Multiband planar antenna - Google Patents

Multiband planar antenna

Info

Publication number
EP1299923A1
EP1299923A1 EP01954073A EP01954073A EP1299923A1 EP 1299923 A1 EP1299923 A1 EP 1299923A1 EP 01954073 A EP01954073 A EP 01954073A EP 01954073 A EP01954073 A EP 01954073A EP 1299923 A1 EP1299923 A1 EP 1299923A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slot
frequency
supply line
antenna according
slots
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01954073A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1299923B1 (en
Inventor
Françoise Le Bolzer
Ali Louzir
Henri Fourdeux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thomson Licensing SAS
Original Assignee
Thomson Licensing SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Licensing SAS filed Critical Thomson Licensing SAS
Priority to EP01954073A priority Critical patent/EP1299923B1/en
Publication of EP1299923A1 publication Critical patent/EP1299923A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1299923B1 publication Critical patent/EP1299923B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/206—Microstrip transmission line antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multiband and / or broadband planar antenna, more particularly an antenna suitable for mobile or domestic wireless networks.
  • the m represents the length of microstrip line necessary to make an adaptation to 50 ⁇ , W s and W m being respectively the width of the slot and the width of the microstrip line.
  • the present invention provides a new multiband and / or broadband planar antenna structure of simple and space-saving design.
  • the subject of the present invention is a planar antenna of the type comprising a first slot dimensioned to operate at a first frequency f1 and supplied by a supply line positioned so that the slot is in a short-circuit plane of the supply line, characterized in that it comprises at least one second slot dimensioned to operate at a second frequency f2, the second slot being supplied by said line power.
  • the second slot is in a short-circuit plane of the supply line.
  • this antenna has N slots, each dimensioned to operate at a frequency f s with i varying from 1 to N, each slot being supplied by said supply line so as to be in a short-circuit plane of the feeder.
  • the two slots are cotangent at one point, the supply line being located either at this point, or opposite this point where the two slots are concentric.
  • each slot is chosen so that the slot resonates at said frequency.
  • Each slot may be of identical shape or not, symmetrical with respect to a point.
  • each slot is circular or square.
  • the slot can be provided with means allowing the radiation of a circularly polarized wave. These means are constituted, for example, by notches. In this case, depending on the position of the supply line, a wave with right or left circular polarization will be generated.
  • FIG. 1 already described represents a schematic top view of a known annular slot antenna
  • Figure 2 is a curve giving the reflection coefficient as a function of the frequency in the case of an antenna as shown in Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a schematic top view of a planar dual-frequency antenna according to this invention
  • FIG. 4 is a curve giving the reflection coefficient as a function of the frequency in the case of an antenna according to FIG. 3, FIG.
  • FIG 5 is a schematic top view of a planar tri-frequency antenna according to the present invention
  • Figures 6a to 6c are schematic top views of wideband planar antennas according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 shows different curves giving the bandwidth of the antennas of Figures 1, 3, 5 and 6 figures 8a, 8b and 8c schematically represent different forms of slot usable in the antennas of the present invention.
  • a dual-frequency antenna in accordance with the present invention comprises a first annular slot 10 whose radius R1 is chosen to operate at a first fundamental frequency f1. Therefore, the radius R1 is equal to ⁇ s1 / 2IT where ⁇ s1 is the wavelength in the slot 10.
  • the slot 10 has a width W S1 .
  • the antenna also includes a second annular slot 11 whose radius R2 is chosen to operate at a second fundamental frequency f2, the radius R2 being equal to ⁇ s2 / 2 ⁇ .
  • the length Im ' represents the line length necessary to adapt the Zant impedance which is approximately 300 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ .
  • This line has a width Wm.
  • the length of the line so that the slit is in a short-circuit plane is equal to k ⁇ m / 4 with ⁇ m the wavelength under the microstrip line at the frequency of defined operation for the slot and k an odd whole number.
  • the reflection coefficient of a structure as shown in FIG. 3 is shown with the following characteristics:
  • FIG 5 there is shown an embodiment operating in tribands.
  • three annular slots 21, 22, 23 operating at fundamental frequencies f1, f2, f3 are fed by the same microstrip line 20.
  • the slots are produced using the design rules given above.
  • the length l'm is used for the adaptation to 50 ⁇ .
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b there is shown another embodiment of a planar antenna according to the present invention.
  • the two annular slots R'1 and R'2 come to merge at one point. They are dimensioned to operate at neighboring frequencies.
  • the antenna has two annular slots R'1 and R'2 cotangent at point A.
  • the two slots R'1 and R'2 are supplied by a common line on the side of the point A.
  • the two slots are substantially in a short-circuit plane of the supply line and the lengths l'm and l'm 'are chosen such that l'm is equal to k ⁇ 'm / 4 where ⁇ 'm is the wavelength under the microstrip line and k an odd whole number and l'm' allows adaptation to 50 ⁇ .
  • the two annular slots are cotangent at point B and are supplied by a supply line on the side opposite to point B.
  • the lengths I "m2 and I" m1 are chosen so that the slots R'1 and R'2 are substantially in a short-circuit plane of the supply line.
  • the length l " ⁇ is chosen to carry out the adaptation to 50 ⁇ .
  • the two annular slots R'1 and R'2 are concentric. They are supplied by a common supply line in microstrip technology
  • the lengths Im1 and Im2 are chosen so that the slits R'1 and R'2 are close to a short-circuit plane of the line and Im 'allows adaptation to 50 ⁇ .
  • Table II Geometric and electromagnetic characteristics of the antennas It can be further increased by adding a third slot. We then obtain a band of the order of 9% against 6.55% for the slot alone. In all cases, the maximum band is obtained with the configuration of concentric slots. This topology however shows a parasitic resonance at 1 GHz below the operating frequency of the structure (see Figure 7). This is not the case for the configuration in nested slots which could then be preferred to the slots concentric according to the spectral constraints imposed by the application. From the point of view of radiation, the different topologies keep diagrams and yields conventionally obtained with a simple annular slot. Thus, the broadband nature of multi-slot structures has been validated on the new topologies described above. The radiation is not disturbed by the proposed arrangements.
  • the slot is constituted by a square 30 supplied by a line 31.
  • the slot 1 is circular. It is supplied by a line 2 and it radiates a linearly polarized wave.
  • the circular slot Y is provided with 1 "notches. It is supplied by a line 2.
  • the slot radiates a circular polarization which can be left or right depending on the positioning of the supply line. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that whatever the shape of the slit, it must comply with the design rules given above. In general, the slit must be symmetrical with respect to a point and present a length such that it radiates at the chosen fundamental frequency.
  • the present invention has been described with supply lines produced in microstrip technology, however the lines can be produced in coplanar technology.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multiband planar antenna comprising a first slot 1 a dimensioned (R 1 ) to operate at a first frequency f 1 and fed by a feed line 12 positioned (Im 1 ) in such a way that the slot lies in a short-circuit plane of the feed line, and at least one second slot 11 dimensioned (R 2 ) to operate at a second frequency f 2 , the second slot being fed by the said feed line (Im 2 ).

Description

ANTENNE PLANAIRE MULTIBANDES MULTI-BAND PLANAR ANTENNA
La présente invention concerne une antenne planaire multibandes et/ou large bande, plus particulièrement une antenne adaptée aux réseaux sans fils mobiles ou domestiques.The present invention relates to a multiband and / or broadband planar antenna, more particularly an antenna suitable for mobile or domestic wireless networks.
Dans le cadre du déploiement des réseaux sans fils mobiles ou domestiques, la conception d'antennes est confrontée à un problème particulier qui découle des différentes fréquences allouées à ces réseaux. En effet, comme le montre la liste non-exhaustive ci-après, les technologies sans fils sont nombreuses et les fréquences sur lesquelles est réalisée leur exploitation le sont plus encore.In the context of the deployment of mobile or domestic wireless networks, the design of antennas faces a particular problem which stems from the different frequencies allocated to these networks. Indeed, as the non-exhaustive list below shows, there are many wireless technologies and the frequencies on which their operation is carried out are even more so.
Ces 20 dernières années ont ainsi vu se mettre en place différents systèmes de téléphones mobiles portés sur des bandes de fréquences dépendant à la fois de l'opérateur et du pays d'exploitation. Plus récemment, on assiste au développement des réseaux domestiques sans fil avec, pour certaines technologies, une spécification toujours en cours et des bandes de fréquences qui diffèrent d'un continent à l'autre. Du point de vue de l'usager, cette multitude de bandes peut constituer un obstacle à l'obtention de leurs services dans la mesure où elle implique l'utilisation de dispositifs de connexion différents pour chaque réseau. C'est pourquoi la tendance actuelle du côté des constructeurs vise à réduire le parc des dispositifs en les rendant compatibles avec plusieurs technologies ou standards. C'est ainsi qu'on a vu apparaître, il y a maintenant quelques années, des téléphones bi-bandes qui assurent la connexion aussi bien au GSM 900 MHz qu'au DCS 1 ,8 GHz. D'autre part, la multiplication des standards dans le domaine des réseaux domestiques sans fils débouche sur une répartition des bandes de fréquences qui sont, soit très éloignées, soit adjacentes, suivant les standards que l'on considère.These last 20 years have thus seen the setting up of different mobile phone systems carried on frequency bands depending on both the operator and the country of operation. More recently, we are witnessing the development of wireless home networks with, for certain technologies, a specification still in progress and frequency bands which differ from one continent to another. From the user's point of view, this multitude of bands can constitute an obstacle to obtaining their services insofar as it involves the use of different connection devices for each network. This is why the current trend on the side of manufacturers aims to reduce the fleet of devices by making them compatible with several technologies or standards. This is how we saw the appearance, a few years ago, of dual-band telephones that provide connection to both GSM 900 MHz and DCS 1.8 GHz. On the other hand, the multiplication of standards in the field of domestic wireless networks leads to a distribution of the frequency bands which are either very distant or adjacent, according to the standards that we consider.
Dans le futur, la demande de plus en plus importante de spectre de fréquences liée à l'explosion des débits numériques, d'une part, et à la rareté des fréquences d'autre part, donneront naissance à des équipements capables de fonctionner dans plusieurs bandes de fréquences et/ou sur une large bande de fréquences.In the future, the increasing demand for frequency spectrum linked to the explosion of digital bit rates, on the one hand, and the scarcity of frequencies on the other hand, will give rise to equipment capable of operating in several frequency bands and / or over a wide frequency band.
Par ailleurs, il serait intéressant de développer des équipements portables qui peuvent être utilisés comme un téléphone mobile quand on est à l'extérieur de chez soi et comme un équipement domestique faisant partie du réseau domestique quand on rentre chez soi, à savoir des équipements compatibles réseau cellulaire / réseau domestique.In addition, it would be interesting to develop portable equipment which can be used as a mobile telephone when one is away from home and as domestic equipment forming part of the domestic network when one returns home, namely compatible equipment. cellular network / home network.
Il apparaît alors nécessaire de développer des antennes fonctionnant sur plusieurs bandes de fréquences pour permettre cette compatibilité et qui soient de plus d'un encombrement réduit.It then appears necessary to develop antennas operating on several frequency bands to allow this compatibility and which are more of a reduced bulk.
On connaît actuellement une antenne planaire constituée, comme représenté sur la figure 1 , d'une fente annulaire 1 fonctionnant à une fréquence f donnée. Cette fente annulaire 1 est alimentée par une ligne microruban 2. II est apparu, suite à des simulations et à des essais, que si la transition ligne microruban / fente rayonnante est réalisée de telle sorte que la fente se trouve dans un pian de court-circuit de ligne, c'est-à-dire dans la zone où les courants sont les plus importants, alors la fente annulaire présentera des résonances à tous les multiples impairs de cette fréquence, ceci contrairement à des structures de type « patch » alimentées par ligne pour lesquelles les résonances apparaissent tous les multiples pairs de la fréquence fondamentale. Ce fonctionnement justifie les règles de conception suivantes qui sont utilisées pour réaliser une antenne telle que représentée à la figure 1.Currently known is a planar antenna consisting, as shown in Figure 1, of an annular slot 1 operating at a given frequency f. This annular slot 1 is supplied by a microstrip line 2. It has appeared, following simulations and tests, that if the transition microstrip line / radiating slot is carried out so that the slit is in a line short-circuit plane, that is to say in the zone where the currents are the most important, then the annular slit will present resonances at all the odd multiples of this frequency, this unlike line-type patch structures for which the resonances appear all the multiple even pairs of the fundamental frequency. This operation justifies the following design rules which are used to make an antenna as shown in FIG. 1.
Dans ce cas, λs = 2ΠRIn this case, λ s = 2ΠR
Im = λ 4Im = λ 4
Zant. ≈ 300 Ω avec λs et λm les longueurs d'onde dans la fente et sous la ligne microruban et Zant l'impédance d'entrée de l'antenne. D'autre part, l'm représente la longueur de ligne microruban nécessaire pour réaliser une adaptation à 50 Ω, Ws et Wm étant respectivement la largeur de la fente et la largeur de la ligne microruban.Zant. ≈ 300 Ω with λ s and λ m the wavelengths in the slit and under the microstrip line and Zant the input impedance of the antenna. On the other hand, the m represents the length of microstrip line necessary to make an adaptation to 50 Ω, W s and W m being respectively the width of the slot and the width of the microstrip line.
Ainsi, dans le cas d'une antenne du type de celle de la figure 1 réalisée sur un substrat « CHUKOH FLO » εr = 2,6 - tanδ = 0,002 - h = 0,8 mm - ep cuivre = 15 μm avec R = 7 mm, Ws = 0,25 mm, Im = 9,26 mm et fonctionnant à une fréquence fondamentale f de 5,8 GHz, on observe un fonctionnement en fréquences tel que représenté sur la figure 2. On observe donc une résonance à 5,8 GHz (f) puis une seconde résonance autour de 17 GHz à savoir à 3f, l'allure du coefficient de réflexion restant plate dans la région des 11 GHz.Thus, in the case of an antenna of the type of that of FIG. 1 produced on a “CHUKOH FLO” substrate εr = 2.6 - tanδ = 0.002 - h = 0.8 mm - copper ep = 15 μm with R = 7 mm, W s = 0.25 mm, Im = 9.26 mm and operating at a fundamental frequency f of 5.8 GHz, we observe frequency operation as shown in FIG. 2. We therefore observe a resonance at 5.8 GHz (f) then a second resonance around 17 GHz, namely at 3f, the shape of the reflection coefficient remaining flat in the 11 GHz region.
Basée sur les propriétés décrites ci-dessus, la présente invention propose une nouvelle structure d'antenne planaire multibandes et/ou large bande de conception simple et peu encombrante.Based on the properties described above, the present invention provides a new multiband and / or broadband planar antenna structure of simple and space-saving design.
Ainsi la présente invention, a pour objet une antenne planaire du type comportant une première fente dimensionnée pour fonctionner à une première fréquence fl et alimentée par une ligne d'alimentation positionnée de sorte que la fente se trouve dans un plan de court-circuit de la ligne d'alimentation, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins une deuxième fente dimensionnée pour fonctionner à une deuxième fréquence f2, la deuxième fente étant alimentée par ladite ligne d'alimentation. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention permettant un fonctionnement en multibandes, la deuxième fente se trouve dans un plan de court-circuit de la ligne d'alimentation.Thus the subject of the present invention is a planar antenna of the type comprising a first slot dimensioned to operate at a first frequency f1 and supplied by a supply line positioned so that the slot is in a short-circuit plane of the supply line, characterized in that it comprises at least one second slot dimensioned to operate at a second frequency f2, the second slot being supplied by said line power. According to a characteristic of the invention allowing operation in multiband, the second slot is in a short-circuit plane of the supply line.
De préférence, cette antenne comporte N fentes, chacune dimensionnée pour fonctionner à une fréquence fs avec i variant de 1 à N, chaque fente étant alimentée par ladite ligne d'alimentation de manière à se trouver dans un plan de court-circuit de la ligne d'alimentation.Preferably, this antenna has N slots, each dimensioned to operate at a frequency f s with i varying from 1 to N, each slot being supplied by said supply line so as to be in a short-circuit plane of the feeder.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention permettant un fonctionnement en large bande, les deux fentes sont cotangentes en un point, la ligne d'alimentation étant située soit au niveau de ce point, soit à l'opposé de ce point où les deux fentes sont concentriques.According to another characteristic of the invention allowing broadband operation, the two slots are cotangent at one point, the supply line being located either at this point, or opposite this point where the two slots are concentric.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la longueur de chaque fente est choisie pour que la fente résonne à ladite fréquence . Chaque fente peut être de forme identique ou non, symétrique par rapport à un point. De préférence, chaque fente est circulaire ou carrée. La fente peut être munie de moyens permettant le rayonnement d'une onde polarisée circulairement. Ces moyens sont constitués, par exemple, par des encoches. Dans ce cas, selon la position de la ligne d'alimentation, on générera une onde à polarisation circulaire droite ou gauche.According to one embodiment, the length of each slot is chosen so that the slot resonates at said frequency. Each slot may be of identical shape or not, symmetrical with respect to a point. Preferably, each slot is circular or square. The slot can be provided with means allowing the radiation of a circularly polarized wave. These means are constituted, for example, by notches. In this case, depending on the position of the supply line, a wave with right or left circular polarization will be generated.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description de divers modes de réalisation, cette description étant faite avec référence aux dessins ci-annexés dans lesquels : figure 1 déjà décrite représente une vue de dessus schématique d'une antenne à fente annulaire connue, figure 2 est une courbe donnant le coefficient de réflexion en fonction de la fréquence dans le cas d'une antenne telle que représentée à la figure 1 , figure 3 est une vue de dessus schématique d'une antenne planaire bi-fréquences conforme à la présente invention, figure 4 est une courbe donnant le coefficient de réflexion en fonction de la fréquence dans le cas d'une antenne selon la figure 3, figure 5 est une vue de dessus schématique d'une antenne planaire tri-fréquences conforme à la présente invention, figures 6a à 6c sont des vues de dessus schématiques d'antennes planaires large-bande selon un autre mode de réalisation de la présente invention, figure 7 représente différentes courbes donnant la bande passante des antennes des figures 1, 3, 5 et 6 figures 8a, 8b et 8c représentent schématiquement différentes formes de fente utilisables dans les antennes de la présente invention.Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the description of various embodiments, this description being made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 already described represents a schematic top view of a known annular slot antenna, Figure 2 is a curve giving the reflection coefficient as a function of the frequency in the case of an antenna as shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a schematic top view of a planar dual-frequency antenna according to this invention, FIG. 4 is a curve giving the reflection coefficient as a function of the frequency in the case of an antenna according to FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a planar tri-frequency antenna according to the present invention , Figures 6a to 6c are schematic top views of wideband planar antennas according to another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7 shows different curves giving the bandwidth of the antennas of Figures 1, 3, 5 and 6 figures 8a, 8b and 8c schematically represent different forms of slot usable in the antennas of the present invention.
Pour simplifier la description dans les figures, les mêmes éléments portent les mêmes références.To simplify the description in the figures, the same elements have the same references.
Comme représenté sur la figure 3, une antenne bi-fréquences conforme à la présente invention comporte une première fente annulaire 10 dont le rayon R1 est choisi pour fonctionner à une première fréquence fondamentale fl . De ce fait, le rayon R1 est égal à λs1/2IT où λs1 est la longueur d'onde dans la fente 10. La fente 10 présente une largeur WS1. L'antenne comporte aussi une deuxième fente annulaire 11 dont le rayon R2 est choisi pour fonctionner à une deuxième fréquence fondamentale f2, le rayon R2 étant égal à λs2/2π. Dans le mode de réalisation, on choisit f2 proche de 2f1 mais d'autres rapports peuvent être envisagés.As shown in FIG. 3, a dual-frequency antenna in accordance with the present invention comprises a first annular slot 10 whose radius R1 is chosen to operate at a first fundamental frequency f1. Therefore, the radius R1 is equal to λ s1 / 2IT where λ s1 is the wavelength in the slot 10. The slot 10 has a width W S1 . The antenna also includes a second annular slot 11 whose radius R2 is chosen to operate at a second fundamental frequency f2, the radius R2 being equal to λ s2 / 2π. In the embodiment, we choose f2 close to 2f1 but other relationships can be envisaged.
Conformément à la présente invention, les deux fentes annulairesAccording to the present invention, the two annular slots
10 et 11 sont alimentées par une seule ligne microruban 12. Cette ligne microruban est placée de sorte que les fentes se trouvent dans un plan de court-circuit de la ligne d'alimentation. De ce fait, la ligne d'alimentation 12 déborde la fente 1 1 d'une longueur Im2 égale à k(λm2/4) et la fente 10 d'une longueur Im1 égale à k(3λm2/4) = k(λm1/4) où λm2 est la longueur d'onde sous la ligne microruban à la fréquence f2 et λm1 à la fréquence fl et k est un entier impair. D'autre part, la longueur Im' représente la longueur de ligne nécessaire pour adapter à 50Ω l'impédance Zant qui est d'environ 300Ω. Cette ligne présente une largeur Wm. De manière générale, la longueur de la ligne pour que la fente se trouve dans un plan de court-circuit est égale à kλm/4 avec λm la longueur d'onde sous la ligne microruban à la fréquence de fonctionnement définie pour la fente et k un nombre entier impair. Sur la figure 4, on a représenté le coefficient de réflexion d'une structure telle que représentée sur la figure 3 avec les caractéristiques suivantes :10 and 11 are supplied by a single microstrip line 12. This microstrip line is placed so that the slots lie in a short-circuit plane of the supply line. Therefore, the supply line 12 extends beyond the slot 1 1 with a length Im2 equal to k (λm2 / 4) and the slot 10 with a length Im1 equal to k (3λm2 / 4) = k (λm1 / 4) where λm2 is the wavelength under the microstrip line at frequency f2 and λm1 at frequency fl and k is an odd integer. On the other hand, the length Im 'represents the line length necessary to adapt the Zant impedance which is approximately 300Ω to 50Ω. This line has a width Wm. Generally, the length of the line so that the slit is in a short-circuit plane is equal to kλm / 4 with λm the wavelength under the microstrip line at the frequency of defined operation for the slot and k an odd whole number. In FIG. 4, the reflection coefficient of a structure as shown in FIG. 3 is shown with the following characteristics:
R1 = 16,4 mm WS1 = 0,4 mm Im1 = 20 mm f1 = 2,4 GHz R2 = 7,4 mm WS2 = 0,4 mm Im2 = 9,25 mm f2 = 5,2 GHzR1 = 16.4 mm W S1 = 0.4 mm Im1 = 20 mm f1 = 2.4 GHz R2 = 7.4 mm W S2 = 0.4 mm Im2 = 9.25 mm f2 = 5.2 GHz
Dans ce cas, la ligne microruban présente une largeur Wm = 0,3 mm et une longueur l'm = 20 mm. L'ensemble a été réalisé sur un substrat R4003 (εr = 3,38, h = 0,81 mm).In this case, the microstrip line has a width Wm = 0.3 mm and a length l'm = 20 mm. The assembly was carried out on a R4003 substrate (εr = 3.38, h = 0.81 mm).
Les résultats de la simulation obtenus avec la structure ci-dessus sont représentés sur la figure 4. On note ainsi le fonctionnement bi- fréquences de la nouvelle topologie avec une très bonne adaptation à 2,4 GHz (S1 1 = -22dB) et un S11 tout à fait correct à 5,2 GHz (S11 = -12dB). D'autre part, avec la structure ci-dessus, on observe ainsi que le rayonnement à 2,4 GHz est semblable à celui de la fente seule et parfaitement symétrique. A 5,2 GHz, on note une légère dissymétrie du rayonnement mais qui reste très limitée.The results of the simulation obtained with the above structure are shown in Figure 4. We thus note the dual-frequency operation of the new topology with a very good adaptation to 2.4 GHz (S1 1 = -22dB) and a S11 completely correct at 5.2 GHz (S11 = -12dB). On the other hand, with the above structure, it is thus observed that the radiation at 2.4 GHz is similar to that of the slot alone and perfectly symmetrical. At 5.2 GHz, there is a slight dissymmetry of the radiation but which remains very limited.
Sur la figure 5, on a représenté un mode de réalisation fonctionnant en tribandes. Dans ce cas, trois fentes annulaires 21 , 22, 23 fonctionnant à des fréquences fondamentales f1 , f2, f3 sont alimentées par une même ligne microruban 20. Les fentes sont réalisées en utilisant les règles de conception données ci-dessus. Ainsi le rayon de chaque fente annulaire est tel que Ri ( i= 1 ,2,3) =λsi/2Et où λsi est la longueur d'onde de chaque fente. De même, les plans de court-circuit sont positionnés de telle sorte que Im3= k(λ3/4), lm2=k(λ2/4) et lm1 =k(λ1//4) où λ1 , λ2, λ3 sont respectivement les longueurs d'onde sous la ligne microruban aux fréquences fl , f2 et f3 et où k est un entier impair. La longueur l'm est utilisée pour l'adaptation à 50Ω.In Figure 5, there is shown an embodiment operating in tribands. In this case, three annular slots 21, 22, 23 operating at fundamental frequencies f1, f2, f3 are fed by the same microstrip line 20. The slots are produced using the design rules given above. Thus the radius of each annular slit is such that Ri (i = 1, 2,3) = λsi / 2 and where λsi is the wavelength of each slot. Likewise, the short-circuit planes are positioned so that Im3 = k (λ3 / 4), lm2 = k (λ2 / 4) and lm1 = k (λ1 // 4) where λ1, λ2, λ3 are respectively the wavelengths under the microstrip line at frequencies fl, f2 and f3 and where k is an odd integer. The length l'm is used for the adaptation to 50Ω.
Sur les figures 6a, 6b et 6c, on a représenté un autre mode de réalisation d'une antenne planaire conforme à la présente invention. Dans le cas des figures 6a et 6b, les deux fentes annulaires R'1 et R'2 viennent se confondre en un point. Elles sont dimensionnées pour fonctionner à des fréquences voisines. Ainsi, comme représenté sur la figure 6a, l'antenne comporte deux fentes annulaires R'1 et R'2 cotangentes au point A.In Figures 6a, 6b and 6c, there is shown another embodiment of a planar antenna according to the present invention. In the case of FIGS. 6a and 6b, the two annular slots R'1 and R'2 come to merge at one point. They are dimensioned to operate at neighboring frequencies. Thus, as shown in Figure 6a, the antenna has two annular slots R'1 and R'2 cotangent at point A.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, les deux fentes R'1 et R'2 sont alimentées par une ligne commune sur le côté du point A. Les deux fentes se trouvent sensiblement dans un plan de court-circuit de la ligne d'alimentation et les longueurs l'm et l'm' sont choisies de telle sorte que l'm égale à kλ'm/4 où λ'm est la longueur d'onde sous la ligne microruban et k un nombre entier impair et l'm' permet l'adaptation à 50Ω.In this embodiment, the two slots R'1 and R'2 are supplied by a common line on the side of the point A. The two slots are substantially in a short-circuit plane of the supply line and the lengths l'm and l'm 'are chosen such that l'm is equal to kλ'm / 4 where λ'm is the wavelength under the microstrip line and k an odd whole number and l'm' allows adaptation to 50Ω.
Selon le mode de réalisation de la figure 6b, les deux fentes annulaires sont cotangentes au point B et sont alimentées par une ligne d'alimentation du côté opposé au point B.According to the embodiment of FIG. 6b, the two annular slots are cotangent at point B and are supplied by a supply line on the side opposite to point B.
Dans ce cas, les longueurs I"m2 et I"m1 sont choisies pour que les fentes R'1 et R'2 se trouvent sensiblement dans un plan de court-circuit de la ligne d'alimentation. La longueur l"πï est choisie pour réaliser l'adaptation à 50Ω. Dans le cas de la figure 6c, les deux fentes annulaires R'1 et R'2 sont concentriques. Elles sont alimentées par une ligne d'alimentation commune en technologie microruban par exemple. Dans ce cas, les longueurs Im1 et Im2 sont choisies pour que les fentes R'1 et R'2 se trouvent proche d'un plan de court-circuit de la ligne et Im' permet l'adaptation à 50Ω. L'étude des différentes topologies décrites ci-dessus a été réalisée à l'aide d'un logiciel de simulation connu sous la référence IE3D. Dans tous les cas, la taille du plan de masse et du substrat est supposée infinie. Les caractéristiques géométriques des différentes configurations testées sont présentées dans le tableau ci-après. On note ainsi que l'utilisation des topologies multi-fentes s'accompagne d'une augmentation notable de la bande passante. Celle-ci passe en effet de 380MHz pour la fente simple, à 470MHz et 450MHz pour les structures doubles fentes concentriques et imbriquées.In this case, the lengths I "m2 and I" m1 are chosen so that the slots R'1 and R'2 are substantially in a short-circuit plane of the supply line. The length l "πï is chosen to carry out the adaptation to 50Ω. In the case of FIG. 6c, the two annular slots R'1 and R'2 are concentric. They are supplied by a common supply line in microstrip technology In this case, the lengths Im1 and Im2 are chosen so that the slits R'1 and R'2 are close to a short-circuit plane of the line and Im 'allows adaptation to 50Ω. he study of the different topologies described above was carried out using simulation software known as IE3D. In all cases, the size of the ground plane and the substrate is assumed to be infinite. The geometric characteristics of the different configurations tested are presented in the table below. It is thus noted that the use of multi-slot topologies is accompanied by a notable increase in bandwidth. This goes from 380MHz for the single slot, to 470MHz and 450MHz for the concentric and nested double slot structures.
Tableau II : Caractéristiques géométriques et électromagnétiques des antennes Elle peut être encore augmentée par addition d'une troisième fente. On obtient alors une bande de l'ordre de 9% contre 6,55% pour la fente seule. Dans tous les cas, le maximum de bande est obtenu avec la configuration de fentes concentriques. Cette topologie fait toutefois apparaître une résonance parasite à 1 GHz en dessous de la fréquence de fonctionnement de la structure (voir Figure 7). Ce n'est pas le cas pour la configuration en fentes imbriquées qui pourrait alors être préférée aux fentes concentriques suivant les contraintes spectrales imposées par l'application. Du point de vue du rayonnement, les différentes topologies conservent des diagrammes et des rendements classiquement obtenus avec une fente annulaire simple. Ainsi, le caractère large bande des structures multi-fentes a été validé sur les nouvelles topologies décrites ci-dessus. Le rayonnement n'est pas perturbé par les agencements proposés. La topologie la plus efficace en terme de bande correspond à une configuration de fentes concentriques. Cette dernière fait cependant apparaître une fréquence de résonance parasite. Ce n'est pas le cas pour la topologie multi-fentes imbriquées. Bien que celle-ci ne soit pas aussi large bande que la solution concentrique, elle permet tout de même d'obtenir des bandes de fréquences appréciables par rapport à la fente seule.Table II: Geometric and electromagnetic characteristics of the antennas It can be further increased by adding a third slot. We then obtain a band of the order of 9% against 6.55% for the slot alone. In all cases, the maximum band is obtained with the configuration of concentric slots. This topology however shows a parasitic resonance at 1 GHz below the operating frequency of the structure (see Figure 7). This is not the case for the configuration in nested slots which could then be preferred to the slots concentric according to the spectral constraints imposed by the application. From the point of view of radiation, the different topologies keep diagrams and yields conventionally obtained with a simple annular slot. Thus, the broadband nature of multi-slot structures has been validated on the new topologies described above. The radiation is not disturbed by the proposed arrangements. The most efficient topology in terms of band corresponds to a configuration of concentric slots. The latter however reveals a parasitic resonance frequency. This is not the case for the nested multi-slot topology. Although this is not as wide as the concentric solution, it still allows to obtain appreciable frequency bands compared to the slot alone.
On décrira maintenant avec référence aux figures 8a,8b,8c, différents modes de réalisation des fentes. Sur la figure 8a, la fente est constituée par un carré 30 alimenté par une ligne 31. Sur la figure 8b, la fente 1 est circulaire. Elle est alimentée par une ligne 2 et elle rayonne une onde polarisée linéairement. Sur la figure 8c, la fente circulaire Y est munie d'encoches 1". Elle est alimentée par une ligne 2. Dans ce cas, la fente rayonne une polarisation circulaire qui peut être gauche ou droite suivant le positionnement de la ligne d'alimentation. Il est évident pour l'homme de l'art que quelle que soit la forme de la fente, elle doit respecter les règles de conception données ci-dessus. De manière générale, la fente doit être symétrique par rapport à un point et présenter une longueur telle qu'elle rayonne à la fréquence fondamentale choisie.We will now describe with reference to Figures 8a, 8b, 8c, different embodiments of the slots. In FIG. 8a, the slot is constituted by a square 30 supplied by a line 31. In FIG. 8b, the slot 1 is circular. It is supplied by a line 2 and it radiates a linearly polarized wave. In FIG. 8c, the circular slot Y is provided with 1 "notches. It is supplied by a line 2. In this case, the slot radiates a circular polarization which can be left or right depending on the positioning of the supply line. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that whatever the shape of the slit, it must comply with the design rules given above. In general, the slit must be symmetrical with respect to a point and present a length such that it radiates at the chosen fundamental frequency.
La présente invention a été décrite avec des lignes d'alimentation réalisées en technologie microruban, toutefois les lignes peuvent être réalisées en technologie coplanaire. The present invention has been described with supply lines produced in microstrip technology, however the lines can be produced in coplanar technology.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Antenne planaire multibandes du type comportant une première fente (10) dimensionnée (R1 ,R'1) pour fonctionner à une première fréquence f1 et alimentée par une ligne d'alimentation (12) positionnée de sorte que la fente se trouve dans un plan de court-circuit de la ligne d'alimentation, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins une deuxième fente (11) dimensionnée (R2,R'2) pour fonctionner à une deuxième fréquence f2, la deuxième fente étant alimentée par ladite ligne d'alimentation (12) (Im1 ,lm2 ; l'm ; I'm1 ,rm2).1 - Multiband planar antenna of the type comprising a first slot (10) dimensioned (R1, R'1) to operate at a first frequency f1 and supplied by a supply line (12) positioned so that the slot is in a short circuit plane of the supply line, characterized in that it comprises at least one second slot (11) dimensioned (R2, R'2) to operate at a second frequency f2, the second slot being supplied by said supply line (12) (Im1, lm2; l'm; I'm1, rm2).
2 - Antenne selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce la deuxième fente est alimentée par la ligne d'alimentation de manière à se trouver dans un plan de court-circuit de la ligne d'alimentation.2 - Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the second slot is supplied by the supply line so as to be in a short circuit plane of the supply line.
3 - Antenne selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte N fentes (21 ,22,23), chacune dimensionnée pour fonctionner à une fréquence f; avec i variant de 1 à N, chaque fente étant alimentée par ladite ligne d'alimentation (20) de manière à se trouver dans un plan de court-circuit de la ligne d'alimentation.3 - Antenna according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises N slots (21, 22,23), each dimensioned to operate at a frequency f; with i varying from 1 to N, each slot being supplied by said supply line (20) so as to be in a short-circuit plane of the supply line.
4 - Antenne selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que les fentes (R'1, R'2) sont cotangentes en un point avec une alimentation située en ce point ou bien au point diamétralement opposé.4 - Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the slots (R'1, R'2) are cotangent at a point with a supply located at this point or else at the diametrically opposite point.
5 - Antenne selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que les fentes sont concentriques.5 - Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the slots are concentric.
6 - Antenne selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la longueur de chaque fente est choisie pour que la fente résonne à ladite fréquence . 7 - Antenne selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que chaque fente est de forme symétrique par rapport à un point.6 - Antenna according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the length of each slot is chosen so that the slot resonates at said frequency. 7 - Antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that each slot is of symmetrical shape with respect to a point.
8 - Antenne selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que chaque fente est circulaire ou carrée 30).8 - Antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that each slot is circular or square 30).
9 - Antenne selon les revendications 7 et 8, caractérisée en ce que les fentes sont munies de moyens (1") permettant le rayonnement d'une onde polarisée circulairement.9 - Antenna according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the slots are provided with means (1 ") allowing the radiation of a circularly polarized wave.
10 - Antenne selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les moyens sont constitués par des encoches réalisées dans la fente.10 - Antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that the means consist of notches made in the slot.
11 - Antenne selon les revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que la ligne d'alimentation est une ligne microruban ou une ligne réalisée en technologie coplanaire. 11 - Antenna according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the supply line is a microstrip line or a line produced in coplanar technology.
EP01954073A 2000-07-13 2001-07-11 Multiband planar antenna Expired - Lifetime EP1299923B1 (en)

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