EP1297192B1 - Stahlzusammensetzungen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und daraus hergestellte formteile - Google Patents

Stahlzusammensetzungen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und daraus hergestellte formteile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1297192B1
EP1297192B1 EP01949617A EP01949617A EP1297192B1 EP 1297192 B1 EP1297192 B1 EP 1297192B1 EP 01949617 A EP01949617 A EP 01949617A EP 01949617 A EP01949617 A EP 01949617A EP 1297192 B1 EP1297192 B1 EP 1297192B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition according
steel
weight
same
parts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01949617A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1297192A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Frey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aubert and Duval SA
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Aubert and Duval SA
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Publication of EP1297192A1 publication Critical patent/EP1297192A1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steel more particularly intended for the production of mechanical parts that can be used in severe conditions of use, in nuclear installations but also in industries such as the food industry, energy or mechanical engineering. .
  • cobalt-based alloys pose both economic and technical problems. Indeed, cobalt is an expensive raw material whose sources of supply are few. Moreover, this element is highly undesirable in the nuclear environment because it forms long-lived isotopes which are released by the wear of parts and are one of the main sources of radiation exposure of people working in these facilities. The cobalt content must therefore be limited to the maximum in steels or alloys which are used in this industry for the manufacture of valve seats.
  • the patent US 3,912,503 discloses stainless steel compositions resistant to wear and corrosion. They comprise 0.12% by weight of carbon at the most, 7 to 13% by weight of manganese, 3 to 5% by weight of silicon, 12 to 19% by weight of chromium, 4 to 12% by weight of nickel, 0.3 to 0.3% by weight of nitrogen, the balance being iron. These compositions have a coefficient of friction close to that of the cobalt base alloys but have a hardness at room temperature of only 200 Vickers, hardness which drops to 150 Vickers from 200 ° C. In addition, their ductility is much too large to allow use for the production of mechanical parts subjected to high stresses.
  • the patent US 4,814,140 describes the same type of steel as the patent US 3,912,503 and improves the resistance to seizure.
  • the claimed compositions comprise 0.25% by weight of carbon at most, 2 to 7% by weight of manganese, 1 to 5% by weight of silicon, 12 to 20% by weight of chromium, 2 to 7.75% by weight nickel, 0.35% by weight of nitrogen at most, the balance being iron.
  • the mechanical properties which include ductility, hardness at room temperature and hot, are similar to that of the compositions of the patent. US 3,912,503 and are therefore also insufficient for the intended applications.
  • the present invention therefore essentially aims to provide such a material.
  • a first object of the invention is constituted by a steel composition comprising, expressed in percentages by weight: VS 0.30 - 1.00% Yes 3.50 - 4.50% mn 7.00 - 10.00% Or 3.50 - 4.50% Cr 20.00 - 27.00% W 0.50 - 4.50% Nb 0 - 2.50% Co 0 - 1.00% NOT 0.20 - 0.50%, the complement consisting mainly of iron and impurities inevitable.
  • the steel composition comprises, expressed in percentages by weight: VS 0.50 - 0.80% Yes 3.50 - 4.50% mn 7.00 - 10.00% Or 3.50 - 4.50% Cr 24.00 - 26.00% W 0.50 - 1.50% Nb 0 - 2.50% Co 0 - 0.50% NOT 0.20 - 0.50%, the complement being mainly iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • unavoidable impurities include sulfur and phosphorus that should be maintained at the lowest level compatible with the manufacturing process or the raw materials used.
  • the carbon is present at a relatively high content of 0.30 to 1.00% by weight. This in particular makes it possible to obtain the hardness necessary for the mechanical parts, in particular thanks to the formation of carbide type precipitates which strengthens the structure of the material. A good hardness makes it possible, among other things, to obtain a steel that is resistant to wear. Depending on the compositions and the heat treatment applied, the hardnesses obtained with the steels according to the invention are between 350 and 550 Vickers.
  • the carbon content of the steels according to the invention is between 0.40 and 0.50% by weight, when the parts to be produced do not require a hardness and a resistance to corrosion. very high wear.
  • the carbon content of the steels according to the invention is between 0.50 and 0.60% by weight, when the parts to be produced require a hardness and a resistance to wear a bit higher.
  • the carbon content is between 0.70 and 0.80% by weight for applications in which the hardness and wear resistance must be high. It can therefore be seen that these two characteristics of steel can be adjusted by varying this carbon content, within certain predefined limits.
  • Silicon is present at a level of 3.50 to 4.00% by weight. It plays a role in the improvement of friction and resistance to galling due to the formation of adherent oxide film on the surface of the parts. It also has a favorable role in the resistance to corrosion.
  • Nickel is a gamma element that participates in balancing the composition. It is present at a level of 3.50 to 4.50% by weight and provides the steel compositions with good resistance to corrosion.
  • the manganese is present at a content of 7.00 to 10.00% by weight. Its role is similar to that of nickel.
  • Chromium is present in an amount of 20.00 to 27.00% by weight, preferably 24 to 26% by weight. It also plays an important role in the good resistance against corrosion of steels according to the invention. It may be possible to replace some of the chromium present in the composition with molybdenum on the basis of 1% molybdenum to 3% chromium.
  • Tungsten is present in an amount of from 0.50 to 4.50% by weight, preferably from 0.50 to 1.50% by weight. It makes it possible in particular to obtain a good heat resistance of the compositions according to the invention.
  • Niobium is present in an amount of 0 to 2.5% by weight. It is a carburizing element that contributes to the hardness of the grade while having a favorable action on the hot performance of the steel compositions.
  • the nitrogen is present in an amount of from 0.20 to 0.50% by weight in the compositions according to the invention. It contributes to the balance of the composition by its gammagenic influence, and to the hardness of its participation in the formation of niobium carbonitrides in particular.
  • Cobalt is an undesirable element whose content is limited to a maximum of 1% by weight, preferably 0.5% by weight. Its content will be limited as much as possible technically and will be more preferably reduced to trace.
  • This centrifugal molding process is traditionally used to shape cobalt-based alloys because it has great advantages. It consists of gradually introducing the mass of molten metal in a heated folder in rotation, so that a very thin layer of metal, of the order of a tenth of a millimeter is deposited at each turn inside shirt. Each layer solidifies therefore independently of the previously deposited layers which allows to obtain a fine structure and isotropic blank, without micro-porosities. The finished parts obtained after machining the blank are free of sink holes, very strong and have a very good surface finish.
  • the present inventors have therefore found quite surprisingly that it was perfectly possible to mold by centrifugation the mechanical parts to be produced in the compositions according to the invention.
  • the melting of the steel compositions it can be carried out by any known method, in particular in an arc furnace.
  • the steel compositions according to the invention can in particular be in three different forms depending on their thermal state. This is the so-called “raw state of casting", of the state dissolved in temperatures of 1050 to 1150 ° C. and of the stabilized state obtained by practicing one or more stabilization treatments of 700 at 900 ° C on a piece in the raw state of casting or in the dissolved state.
  • the thermal state essentially depends on the conditions under which the part will be used.
  • an aging stabilization treatment will preferably be carried out, comprising dissolving followed by slow cooling in a fluid such as air. This treatment allows the formation of precipitates in the matrix of the steel which will not then vary in hardness or dimensions.
  • a third subject of the invention consists of the mechanical parts produced in the compositions and / or with the aid of the processes described above. Examples include valve, valve seats, friction rings and discs, gas turbine components, hot work cutters and cutters, knives and shear blades. working at high temperature.
  • grade ES a steel composition according to the invention whose composition is as follows: VS 0.50% Yes 3.50% mn 9.00% Or 4.00% Cr 26.00% W 1.20% Nb 1.50% Co 0.12% NOT 0.25%, the complement being made of iron.
  • the reference material of the prior art chosen for comparison is a cobalt base alloy CoCr29W5, the composition of which is as follows: VS 1.10% Cr 29.00% W 5.00%, the complement consisting of cobalt.
  • the steels according to the invention are non-magnetic for the raw casting conditions and put into solution, which allows their use for certain sensitive parts, such as submarine parts, especially.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Stahlzusammensetzung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ausgedrückt in Gewichtsprozent umfasst: C 0,30-1,00 % Si 3,50-4,50 % Mn 7,00-10,00 % Ni 3,50-4,50 % Cr 20,00-27,00 % W 0,50-4,50 % Nb 0-2,50 % Co 0-1,00 % N 0,20-0,50 %
    wobei das Komplement aus Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen gebildet ist.
  2. Stahlzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie 24 bis 26 Gew.-% Chrom enthält.
  3. Stahlzusammensetzung nach dem einen oder dem anderen der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie 0,50 bis 1,50 % Wolfram enthält.
  4. Stahlzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie 3,50 bis 4,00 Gew.-% Silicium enthält.
  5. Stahlzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie 0,40 bis 0,50 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff enthält.
  6. Stahlzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie 0,50 bis 0,60 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff enthält.
  7. Stahlzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie 0,70 bis 0,80 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff enthält.
  8. Stahlzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie, ausgedrückt in Gew.-%, umfasst: C 0,50-0,80% Si 3,50-4,50 % Mn 7,00-10,00 % Ni 3,50-4,50 % Cr 24,00- 26,00 % W 0,50-1,50 % Nb 0-2,50 % Co 0-0,50 % N 0,20-0,50 %
    wobei das Komplement aus Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen gebildet ist.
  9. Verfahren für die Herstellung mechanischer Teile, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    a - Bilden einer Charge, die dazu bestimmt ist, eine chemische Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 zu erhalten,
    b - Bearbeiten der Charge
    c - Formen eines Rohlings des mechanischen Teils durch Gießen;
    d - Bearbeiten des mechanischen Teils ausgehend von dem Rohling,
    e - optional Wärmebehandlung zur Verwendung des mechanischen Teils.
  10. Verfahren für die Herstellung mechanischer Teile nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    a - Bilden einer Charge, die dazu bestimmt ist, eine chemische Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 zu erhalten,
    b - Schmelzen der Charge in einem Schmelztiegel,
    c - Gießen durch Zentrifugieren eines Rohlings des mechanischen Teils und
    d - Bearbeiten des mechanischen Teils ausgehend von dem Rohling,
    e - optional Wärmebehandlung für die Verwendung des mechanischen Teils.
  11. Stahlteil, das eine Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 hat.
  12. Stahlteil nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es durch ein Verfahren nach dem einen oder dem anderen der Ansprüche 9 oder 10 erhalten wird.
EP01949617A 2000-07-04 2001-07-03 Stahlzusammensetzungen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und daraus hergestellte formteile Expired - Lifetime EP1297192B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0008698 2000-07-04
FR0008698A FR2811336B1 (fr) 2000-07-04 2000-07-04 Compositions d'acier, procede pour son obtention et pieces fabriquees a partir de ces compositions
PCT/FR2001/002121 WO2002002830A1 (fr) 2000-07-04 2001-07-03 Compositions d'acier, procede pour son obtention et pieces fabriquees a partir de ces compositions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1297192A1 EP1297192A1 (de) 2003-04-02
EP1297192B1 true EP1297192B1 (de) 2010-09-01

Family

ID=8852104

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EP01949617A Expired - Lifetime EP1297192B1 (de) 2000-07-04 2001-07-03 Stahlzusammensetzungen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und daraus hergestellte formteile

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1297192B1 (de)
AU (1) AU2001270741A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60142968D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2349399T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2811336B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002002830A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201716640D0 (en) * 2017-10-11 2017-11-22 Rolls Royce Plc Cobalt-free alloys
CN111850428B (zh) * 2019-04-28 2022-01-25 重庆三爱海陵实业有限责任公司 气门合金材料及气门

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2686116A (en) * 1952-06-18 1954-08-10 Crucible Steel Company Age hardening austenitic steel
FR1314540A (fr) * 1961-11-30 1963-01-11 Universal Cyclops Steel Corp Alliage d'acier inoxydable
DE3247568A1 (de) * 1981-12-23 1983-06-30 Kubota Ltd., Osaka Reaktorrohr fuer das thermische cracken oder reformieren von kohlenwasserstoffen
US4803045A (en) * 1986-10-24 1989-02-07 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Cobalt-free, iron-base hardfacing alloys
JP3721637B2 (ja) * 1996-04-22 2005-11-30 大同特殊鋼株式会社 含Ｃａオーステナイト系耐熱鋼の製造方法
JPH10280907A (ja) * 1997-04-07 1998-10-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 蒸気タービン動翼

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2811336A1 (fr) 2002-01-11
AU2001270741A1 (en) 2002-01-14
FR2811336B1 (fr) 2002-08-30
WO2002002830A1 (fr) 2002-01-10
ES2349399T3 (es) 2011-01-03
EP1297192A1 (de) 2003-04-02
DE60142968D1 (de) 2010-10-14

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