EP1291974B1 - High efficient and high power antenna system - Google Patents
High efficient and high power antenna system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1291974B1 EP1291974B1 EP02292218A EP02292218A EP1291974B1 EP 1291974 B1 EP1291974 B1 EP 1291974B1 EP 02292218 A EP02292218 A EP 02292218A EP 02292218 A EP02292218 A EP 02292218A EP 1291974 B1 EP1291974 B1 EP 1291974B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiating
- tuning
- master
- power supply
- assembly
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
- H01Q21/12—Parallel arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna system comprising a plurality of elements or radiating structures arranged in parallel with each other, each structure being in connection with a power supply and impedance matching device.
- HF band high frequency
- NVIS abbreviation of Near Vertical Incidence Skywave
- Radiocommunication systems using the frequency range of 1.5 to 30 MHz and intended for installation in vehicles usually use antennal systems consisting essentially of a radiating structure, a power supply device of radiating structure and an impedance matching device, usually referred to as ATU (Antenna Tuning Unit).
- ATU Antenna Tuning Unit
- the radiating structure 1, of monopole type is constituted in this example by a vertical whip secured by one of its ends 7 to a vehicle 2 via a base E traversing, also providing a role of supply device 6 by connecting the end 7 of the whip 1 to the supply and impedance matching device 3.
- the whip is thus connected to a transceiver 5 via the set power supply and impedance matching device 3 comprising an impedance matching device 4.
- the most suitable radiating structure is a radiating structure loop type. Examples of such structures are described for example in patents US 4,893,131 , FR 2,553,586 and FR 2 785 094 .
- the Figures 4 and 5 schematize such a structure.
- a filamentary conductive element 1 is bent over the top of a vehicle 2. This element is fed at one of its ends 8 by a supply device 6 composed of a broadband impedance transformer 10 and a cable of link 11 ( figure 5 ). The other end 7 of this radiating element is connected to the ground by a variable pre-tuning capacitor 12 in order to generate the radiating surface S of the loop-type antenna structure.
- the radio frequency power supplied by the transceiver unit 5 is transmitted to the power supply device 6 through an impedance matching device which is, in this embodiment, integrated with the variable capacitance 12 pre-tuning into one and the same. casing 13. This integration makes it possible to control the variable capacity by means of the algorithm AL.
- the patent DE 19955950 discloses an antenna system of dipole type for obtaining radiation in an angle ranging from 70 to 90 °.
- the patent US 4,176,356 discloses a directional antenna system that selectively couples two antenna elements to a transmitter.
- the system includes a "matching" matching device that allows the generation of a 90 ° phase shift between the two antennas to produce directional and directional radiation patterns in substantially opposite directions.
- the variation of the values is carried out for example iteratively according to algorithms known to those skilled in the art.
- the information is transferred from the "master" radiating structure to the “slave” structures, for example by modulating them at a frequency different from the working frequency and using the cables 90i. They can also be transferred by any other means known to those skilled in the art.
- the figure 8 represents a partial embodiment of an antennal system comprising two radiating elements installed on a vehicle and connected directly to the mass of the latter.
- a first filamentary radiating element 1 1 has one of its ends 8 1 connected directly to the mass of the vehicle 2.
- the other end 7 1 is connected through a feedthrough E 1 to the input terminal 30 1 of the power supply and impedance matching 3 1 .
- An example of a detail of this set is shown in figure 9 . It comprises, for example, a variable pre-tuning capacitor 20, one of whose terminals constitutes the input terminal 30 1 connected in series with the primary of a wide-band impedance-boosting transformer 21, of an ATU connected to the secondary of the transformer 21 and a control logic Cm that allows this set to function as a master.
- the second filiform element 1 2 disposed in parallel to the first element 1 1 , at a distance of the order of 0.5 m so that these radiating elements do not do not touch under the effect of the movement of the vehicle.
- the ends 8 2 and 7 2 are respectively connected to the vehicle earth and to the input terminal 30 2 of the second supply assembly and impedance 3 2 adaptation.
- This second set being regarded as slave with respect to the first set, it is equipped with a control logic Cs, allowing, in particular, the copying at any moment, in particular during the tuning phase, the state of the first together or master.
- the information exchanged between the different assemblies is effected by means of a bus known to a person skilled in the art or else a connecting cable, for example the coaxial cables 31 1 and 31 2 connecting the power supply and adaptation assemblies. impedance 3 1 and 3 2 to the power divider 9.
- These two cables connected to two separate outputs 90 1 and 90 2 of the power divider have the same length or substantially the same length to allow the arrival of the signals at the same time on the radiating elements.
- the RF powers transmitted to the radiating elements 1 1 and 1 2 are therefore identical in amplitude and in phase or at least the most similar possible.
- the Figures 10 and 11 correspond to a partial embodiment where the radiating elements 1 1 , 1 2 are of the monopole type. In this case the supply and impedance assemblies are directly connected to the ATU 4. Only one end 7 1 , 7 2 of the radiating element is connected to the antenna system via the base E 1 , E 2 .
- the figure 11 represents a single element for the sake of simplification.
- the figure 12 shows a partial embodiment where a dipole antenna is installed on a support mast M.
- this embodiment makes it possible to transmit twice as much RF power. It consists of two radiating structures of monopole type 1 1 and 1 2 installed in a substantially collinear manner head to tail at the top of the support mast and horizontally. The ends 7 1 and 7 2 of the radiating structures are respectively connected to the two power supply and impedance matching 3 1 and 3 2 assemblies which function respectively as master and as slave.
- the two coaxial cords 31 1 and 31 2 of the same electrical length connect the two supply and impedance matching assemblies to the outputs of a hybrid power divider 0-180 °, 9 '.
- the two outputs 90 ' 1 and 90' 2 are in phase opposition.
Description
La présente invention concerne un système antennaire comportant plusieurs éléments ou structures rayonnantes disposées en parallèle les unes des autres, chaque structure étant en liaison avec un dispositif d'alimentation et d'adaptation d'impédance.The present invention relates to an antenna system comprising a plurality of elements or radiating structures arranged in parallel with each other, each structure being in connection with a power supply and impedance matching device.
Elle s'applique par exemple pour les systèmes de radiocommunication utilisant la gamme de fréquences comprises entre 1.5 et 30 MHz.It applies for example for radio systems using the frequency range between 1.5 and 30 MHz.
Elle concerne aussi un système antennaire de faibles dimensions fonctionnant en particulier dans la bande HF (haute fréquence ou en termes anglo-saxon High frequency) couvrant les fréquences de 1.5 à 30 MHz, et destiné à être installé par exemple sur des véhicules terrestres pour assurer des liaisons radio par réflexion ionosphérique de type NVIS (abréviation de Near Vertical Incidence Skywave).It also relates to a small antennal system operating in particular in the HF band (high frequency) covering frequencies from 1.5 to 30 MHz, and intended to be installed for example on land vehicles to ensure ionospheric reflection radio links of type NVIS (abbreviation of Near Vertical Incidence Skywave).
Elle fonctionne avec les systèmes de radiocommunication à évasion de fréquence (Hopping Frequency en termes anglo-saxon).It works with frequency-hopping radio systems (Hopping Frequency in Anglo-Saxon terms).
Les systèmes de radiocommunication utilisant la gamme de fréquences HF couvrant les fréquences de 1.5 à 30 MHz et destinés à être installés sur des véhicules font habituellement appel à des systèmes antennaires composés essentiellement d'une structure rayonnante, d'un dispositif d'alimentation de la structure rayonnante et d'un dispositif d'adaptation d'impédance, habituellement désigné ATU (Antenna Tuning Unit). L'expression « élément rayonnant » ou « structure rayonnante » désigne un même élément.Radiocommunication systems using the frequency range of 1.5 to 30 MHz and intended for installation in vehicles usually use antennal systems consisting essentially of a radiating structure, a power supply device of radiating structure and an impedance matching device, usually referred to as ATU (Antenna Tuning Unit). The expression "radiating element" or "radiating structure" designates the same element.
Un exemple type d'un tel système antennaire est donné à la
Ce dispositif 4 d'adaptation d'impédance présente une structure connue décrite à la
- Un ensemble d'éléments capacitifs 41 et un ensemble d'éléments inductifs 42 qui peuvent être connectés entre eux et ajustés en valeurs par l'intermédiaire de
commutateurs 43 pour constituer un réseau d'adaptation d'impédance de type LC. Ce réseau LC est capable de transformer l'impédance complexe de la structure rayonnante 1 afin de présenter à l'entrée du poste émetteur/récepteur 5 (E/R) une impédance fixée selon le fonctionnement souhaitée, par exemple une valeur voisine de 50 ohms, à la fréquence de travail, réalisant de ce fait l'accord du système antennaire, - Un
processeur 44 pourvu d'un algorithme AL variant en fonction des concepteurs. Les fonctions principales de cet algorithme consistent notamment à dialoguer avec le poste émetteur-récepteur 5 afin de connaître la fréquence instantanée de travail, à assurer la commande descommutateurs 43 et à gérer, en particulier, la phase d'accord pendant laquelle l'algorithme fait varier, par exemple par itérations successives, les valeurs des éléments capacitifs et celles des éléments inductifs pour les faire converger vers les valeurs conduisant à l'accord.
- A set of
capacitive elements 41 and a set ofinductive elements 42 which can be connected to each other and adjusted in values viaswitches 43 to form an LC type impedance matching network. This LC network is capable of transforming the complex impedance of theradiating structure 1 in order to present at the input of the transceiver station 5 (E / R) an impedance set according to the desired operation, for example a value close to 50 ohms , at the working frequency, thereby realizing the tuning of the antennal system, - A
processor 44 provided with an algorithm AL varying according to the designers. The main functions of this algorithm consist in particular in a dialogue with thetransceiver station 5 in order to know the instantaneous working frequency, to control theswitches 43 and to manage, in particular, the tuning phase during which the algorithm varies, for example by successive iterations, the values of the capacitive elements and those of the inductive elements to make them converge towards the values leading to the agreement.
Le synoptique de fonctionnement d'un tel système antennaire est donné à la
Pour des liaisons devant être assurées sur des courtes et sur des moyennes distances (typiquement de l'ordre de 0 à 500 kms) à partir d'un système de radiocommunication installé sur un véhicule mobile, la structure rayonnante la mieux adaptée est une structure rayonnante de type boucle. Des exemples de telles structures sont décrits par exemple dans les brevets
Un élément conducteur filiforme 1 est recourbé sur le dessus d'un véhicule 2. Cet élément est alimenté à une de ses extrémités 8 par un dispositif d'alimentation 6 composé d'un transformateur d'impédance large bande 10 et d'un câble de liaison 11 (
D'autres configurations d'ensemble d'alimentation et d'adaptation d'impédance peuvent être utilisées.Other configurations of power supply and impedance matching can be used.
Les systèmes antennaires selon l'art antérieur, bien qu'efficaces, présentent toutefois des limitations dans leur fonctionnement.Prior art antennal systems, while effective, however, have limitations in their operation.
Par exemple, leur utilisation sur des véhicules, en particulier sur des véhicules en mouvement, impose de limiter ou de restreindre les dimensions des structures rayonnantes. Ceci a notamment pour conséquence :
- de réduire fortement le rendement des systèmes antennaires, parfois de manière importante,
- de générer des tensions élevées et de forts courants dans tous les éléments constitutifs du système antennaire. Cet aspect limite la puissance admissible de ces systèmes antennaires pour véhicule aux alentours d'une centaine de Watts et nécessite de séparer le dispositif d'alimentation 6 de la capacité de préaccord ce qui représente un inconvénient pour l'intégration de l'antenne sur son véhicule porteur.
- n'étant pas capables de supporter des puissances RF (Radio fréquence) élevées, en particulier celles des postes émetteurs/récepteurs utilisés sur des véhicules pouvant délivrer plusieurs centaines de Watts voire le kilowatt, ils ne peuvent pas faire fonctionner les éléments réactifs tels que les éléments capacitifs 41, 12 ou inductifs 42, à des taux de charge très élevés au détriment de la fiabilité et ne sont pas adaptés pour mettre en oeuvre des composants de
commutation 43 de forte puissance dont le temps de commutation est trop lent pour suivre tous les rythmes d'évasion de fréquence offerts par les émetteurs/récepteurs.
- greatly reduce the performance of antennal systems, sometimes significantly,
- to generate high voltages and strong currents in all the constituent elements of the antennal system. This aspect limits the allowable power of these antennal systems for vehicles around a hundred watts and requires the separation of the
feed device 6 of the pre-tuning capacity which represents a drawback for the integration of the antenna on its carrier vehicle. - not being able to withstand high RF (Radio Frequency) powers, especially those of transceivers used on vehicles that can deliver several hundred Watts or even a kilowatt, they can not operate reactive elements such as
41, 12 or inductive 42, at very high load rates to the detriment of reliability and are not adapted to implement switchingcapacitive elements components 43 of high power whose switching time is too slow to track all frequency evasion rhythms offered by transmitters / receivers.
Le brevet
Le brevet
L'invention concerne un système antennaire comprenant un émetteur-récepteur relié à un diviseur de puissance de rapport N+1 égal au nombre des (N+1) structures rayonnantes dudit émetteur-récepteur, lesdites structures rayonnantes étant sensiblement identiques avec N supérieur à 1, lesdites (N+1) structures sont disposées parallèlement les unes aux autres, chaque structure rayonnante est reliée à un dispositif d'alimentation et d'adaptation d'impédance pour former un ensemble R: caractérisé en ce que :
- lesdites N+1 ensembles R1, R2, ...Ri,.., Rn, Rn+1 comportent chacun au moins une structure rayonnante associée à un dispositif d'alimentation et d'adaptation d'impédance respectivement, chaque ensemble Ri est en liaison avec le diviseur de puissance au moyen d'un câble,
- les N+1 structures rayonnantes sont implantées en parallèle, une de ces structures jouant le rôle de maître et les N autres structures un rôle d'esclave,
- un dispositif Z (Zmètre) de mesure de l'impédance en sortie de la structure rayonnante désignée comme maître,
- pour la structure maître, un processeur équipé d'une logique de commande Cm ayant notamment pour fonction de réaliser l'accord d'une façon active durant la phase d'accord, ladite logique de commande Cm permet notamment de gérer la phase d'accord du système antennaire en déterminant et en faisant varier, les valeurs des éléments variables de l'ensemble d'alimentation et d'adaptation, tels que les éléments capacitifs, les éléments inductifs, la capacité variable pour les faire converger vers les valeurs qui donnent l'accord,
- pour chacun des N structures rayonnantes ayant un rôle d'esclave dans une configuration de fonctionnement donné du système antennaire, un processeur équipé d'une logique de commande Cs ayant notamment pour fonction de recopier à tout moment et donc pendant toute la phase d'accord, l'état de l'équipement maître, notamment les paramètres d'accord, tels que les valeurs des éléments variables vers respectivement les éléments variables des ensembles d'alimentation et d'adaptation dits « esclaves »,
- les dispositifs d'alimentation sont choisis pour fournir des fréquences Radio Fréquence sensiblement égales en phase à la majorité ou la totalité des (N+1) structures rayonnantes.
- said N + 1 sets R 1 , R 2 ,... Ri, .., R n , R n + 1 each comprise at least one radiating structure associated with a power supply and impedance matching device respectively, each together Ri is in connection with the power divider by means of a cable,
- the N + 1 radiating structures are implanted in parallel, one of these structures acting as master and the other N structures a slave role,
- a device Z (Z meter) for measuring the impedance at the output of the radiating structure designated as master,
- for the master structure, a processor equipped with a control logic Cm whose particular function is to achieve the agreement in an active manner during the tuning phase, said control logic Cm allows in particular to manage the tuning phase of the antennal system by determining and varying the values of the variable elements of the supply and adaptation assembly, such as the capacitive elements, the inductive elements, the variable capacitance to converge them to the values which give rise to 'agreement,
- for each of the N radiating structures having a slave role in a given operating configuration of the antennal system, a processor equipped with a control logic Cs having in particular the function of copying at any moment and therefore throughout the tuning phase the state of the master equipment, in particular the tuning parameters, such as the values of the variable elements to respectively the variable elements of the so-called "slave" power supply and adaptation assemblies,
- the power devices are selected to provide substantially equal Radio Frequency frequencies in phase with the majority or all of the (N + 1) radiating structures.
Le système est par exemple utilisé dans la gamme de fréquences comprises entre 1.5 et 30 MHz.
L'invention concerne aussi un procédé pour accorder un système antennaire composé d'un émetteur-récepteur comportant (N+1) structures rayonnantes sensiblement identiques, avec N supérieur à 1, comportant au moins une étape où chacune des structures rayonnantes disposées en parallèle les unes aux autres sont alimentées et adaptées en impédance pour une valeur de fréquence de fonctionnement donnée caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins les étapes suivantes :
- associer à une structure rayonnante une fonction de maître, et aux autres N structures rayonnantes une fonction « d'esclave »,
- transmettre les paramètres d'accord de la structure rayonnante maître vers les structures rayonnantes esclaves,
- faire varier au moins une des valeurs d'au moins un des paramètres pour les faire converger et obtenir l'accord.
- b) initialiser les paramètres d'accord pour la structure rayonnante « maître »,
- c) transmettre les paramètres d'accord aux autres structures rayonnantes esclaves,
- d) déterminer la valeur d'impédance Zmesurée en sortie de la structure rayonnante « maître » et comparer ladite valeur à une valeur spécifiée Zfixée,
- e) tant que ladite valeur déterminée est différente de la valeur spécifiée déterminer les valeurs des paramètres permettant l'accord pour la structure rayonnante maître,
- f) faire varier au moins un des paramètres d'accord de la structure rayonnante maître, et réitérer les étapes e à d.
The invention also relates to a method for tuning an antenna system composed of a transceiver comprising (N + 1) radiating structures substantially identical, with N greater than 1, comprising at least one step in which each of the radiating structures arranged in parallel with each other is fed and adapted in impedance for a given operating frequency value, characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps :
- to associate with a radiating structure a function of master, and with the other N structures radiating a function of "slave",
- transmit the tuning parameters of the master radiating structure to the radiating slave structures,
- varying at least one of the values of at least one of the parameters to make them converge and obtain agreement.
- b) initialize the tuning parameters for the "master" radiating structure,
- c) transmit the tuning parameters to the other slave radiating structures,
- d) determining the impedance value Z measured at the output of the "master" radiating structure and comparing said value with a specified value Z fixed ,
- e) as long as said determined value is different from the specified value determining the values of the parameters allowing agreement for the master radiating structure,
- f) varying at least one of the tuning parameters of the master radiating structure, and repeating steps e to d.
Le système antennaire selon l'invention présente notamment les avantages suivants :
- Il assure un débit de données numériques (en bits/secondes) de plus en plus élevé en radiocommunication dans la bande HF (High Frequency),
- Il peut supporter des puissances radiofréquence des postes émetteurs-récepteurs, pouvant aller de plusieurs centaines de watts voire le kilowatt,
- Il augmente le rendement en accroissant la résistance de rayonnement du système rayonnant, tout en restant dans un encombrement compatible avec un véhicule terrestre,
- Il limite les tensions et les courants développés dans les éléments réactifs et permet de ce fait le regroupement sur une seule extrémité de la capacité de préaccord et du dispositif d'alimentation même pour une forte puissance émise,
- Il autorise l'utilisation de composants de commutation de faible puissance et en conséquence est donc rapide et fiable contrairement aux systèmes de l'art antérieur qui doivent faire fonctionner les éléments réactifs, capacitifs ou inductifs à des taux de charge très élevés au détriment de la fiabilité et doivent mettre en oeuvre des composants de commutation de forte puissance dont le temps de commutation est trop lent pour suivre tous les rythmes d'évasion de fréquences offerts par les émetteurs-récepteurs.
- It provides a digital data rate (in bits / second) of higher and higher radiocommunication in the band HF (High Frequency),
- It can support radiofrequency powers of transceivers, ranging from several hundred watts to the kilowatt,
- It increases the efficiency by increasing the radiation resistance of the radiating system, while remaining in a space compatible with a land vehicle,
- It limits the voltages and currents developed in the reactive elements and thus allows the grouping on one end of the pre-tuning capacitance and the power supply device even for a high emitted power,
- It allows the use of low power switching components and therefore is fast and reliable unlike the systems of the prior art which must operate the reactive, capacitive or inductive elements at very high load rates to the detriment of the reliability and must implement high power switching components whose switching time is too slow to follow all the frequency evasion rates offered by the transceivers.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit donnée à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif en regard des figures annexées qui représentent :
- Les
figures 1 ,2 un système antennaire HF selon l'art antérieur, le détail d'une ATU et le synoptique du système,et 3 - Les
figures 4 un exemple de système d'antenne de type boucle,et 5 - La
figure 6 un synoptique du système antennaire selon l'invention et lafigure 7 un organigramme détaillant les étapes principales du procédé, - Les
figures 8 un exemple partiel d'installation du système antennaire sur un véhicule et un détail de l'ensemble d'alimentation et d'adaptation d'impédance,et 9 - Les
figures 10 et 11 une autre variante partielle de réalisation à base de monopoles, - La
figure 12 un exemple partiel de système antennaire pour installation sur un mât-support.
- The
figures 1 ,2 and 3 an RF antenna system according to the prior art, the detail of an ATU and the synoptic of the system, - The
Figures 4 and 5 an example of a loop antenna system, - The
figure 6 a synoptic of the antennal system according to the invention and thefigure 7 a flowchart detailing the main steps of the process, - The
Figures 8 and 9 a partial example of installation of the antennal system on a vehicle and a detail of the power supply and impedance matching assembly, - The
Figures 10 and 11 another partial variant of realization based on monopolies, - The
figure 12 a partial example of an antenna system for installation on a support mast.
La description qui suit est donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif pour un système antennaire destiné à être utilisé dans la gamme de fréquences HF allant de 1.5 à 30 MHz et installé sur un véhicule.
En se référant au synoptique de la
- Un émetteur-
récepteur 5 relié à un diviseur de puissance 9 de rapport N+1 égal au nombre d'éléments rayonnants utilisés, - N+1 ensembles R1, R2, ...Ri,.., Rn, Rn+1 comportant chacun au moins un élément rayonnant 11, 12, ...1i,..,1n,1n+1 associé à un ensemble d'alimentation et d'adaptation d'impédance respectivement 31, 32, 3i,..., 3n, 3n+1, chaque ensemble Ri est en liaison avec le diviseur de puissance 9 au moyen d'un câble 901, 902, ... 90i,.., 90n, 90n+1,
- Les N+1 éléments
rayonnants 1i sont implantés en parallèle, un de ces éléments jouant le rôle de maître et les N autres éléments un rôle d'esclave, (sur lafigure 6 ,c'est l'élément 11 qui joue ce rôle), - Un dispositif Z (Zmètre) de mesure de l'impédance en sortie de l'élément rayonnant 11 désigné comme maître,
- Pour l'élément maître, un processeur 15 équipé d'une logique de commande Cm ayant notamment pour fonction de réaliser l'accord d'une façon active durant la phase d'accord. La logique de commande Cm permet notamment de gérer la phase d'accord du système antennaire en faisant varier, les valeurs des éléments variables de l'ensemble d'alimentation et d'adaptation, tels que les éléments capacitifs 41, les éléments inductifs 42, la capacité variable 12 pour les faire converger vers les valeurs qui donnent l'accord,
- Pour chacun des N éléments rayonnants ayant un rôle d'esclave dans une configuration de fonctionnement donné du système antennaire, un processeur 15 équipé d'une logique de commande Cs ayant notamment pour fonction de recopier à tout moment et donc pendant toute la phase d'accord, l'état de l'équipement maître, notamment les paramètres d'accord, tels que les valeurs des éléments
411, 412, ..vers respectivement les élémentsvariables 41i, 42i, .....des ensembles d'alimentation et d'adaptation dits « esclaves ».variables
Avantageusement, la résistance de rayonnement de l'ensemble des N+1 éléments rayonnants par rapport à celle d'un seul élément rayonnant se trouve multipliée approximativement par N+1 et il en est de même pour le rendement du système antennaire. Les équipements d'alimentation et d'adaptation ne supportent alors qu'une (N+1)ième partie de la puissance RF totale délivrée par l'émetteur-récepteur.
Dans le cas particulier d'un système antennaire fonctionnant sur une fréquence fixe unique, il est possible de fixer manuellement les valeurs des capacités et des inductances pour obtenir l'accord souhaitée et de fait les logiques de commande par processeur ne sont plus nécessaires.
Referring to the synoptic of the
- A
transceiver 5 connected to apower divider 9 of ratio N + 1 equal to the number of radiating elements used, - N + 1 sets R 1 , R 2 ,... Ri, .., R n , R n + 1 each comprising at least one radiating
1 1 , 1 2 , ... 1 i , .., 1 n , 1 n + 1 associated with a power supply and impedance matching respectively 3 1 , 3 2 , 3i, ..., 3 n , 3 n + 1 , each set Ri is in connection with theelement power divider 9 by means of a cable 90 1 , 90 2 , ... 90 i , .., 90 n , 90 n + 1 , - The N + 1 radiating
elements 1 i are implanted in parallel, one of these elements acting as master and the other N elements a slave role, (on thefigure 6 it is theelement 1 1 that plays this role), - A device Z (Z meter) for measuring the impedance at the output of the radiating element 11 designated as master,
- For the master element, a
processor 15 equipped with a control logic Cm whose particular function is to achieve the agreement in an active manner during the tuning phase. The control logic Cm makes it possible in particular to manage the tuning phase of the antenna system by varying the values of the variable elements of the supply and adaptation assembly, such as thecapacitive elements 41, theinductive elements 42, thevariable capacity 12 to converge them to the values that give the agreement, - For each of the N radiating elements having a slave role in a given operating configuration of the antenna system, a
processor 15 equipped with a control logic Cs having in particular for function to copy at any time and therefore throughout the tuning phase, the state of the master equipment, including the tuning parameters, such as the values of the 41 1 , 41 2 , respectively. thevariable elements 41 i , 42 i , ..... supply and adaptation assemblies called "slaves".variable elements
Advantageously, the radiation resistance of the set of N + 1 radiating elements relative to that of a single radiating element is multiplied approximately by N + 1 and the same is true for the efficiency of the antennal system. The power supply and adaptation equipment then supports only one (N + 1) th part of the total RF power delivered by the transceiver.
In the particular case of an antennal system operating on a single fixed frequency, it is possible to manually set the values of the capacitors and inductances to obtain the desired agreement and in fact the logic of control by processor are no longer necessary.
La
- a) désigner un des éléments rayonnants comme « maître »,
- b) initialiser les paramètres d'accord de la structure rayonnante « maître » en fonction de la fréquence de fonctionnement du système antennaire,
- c) communiquer les paramètres d'accord, par exemple les valeurs des capacités et des inductances du circuit d'adaptation à tous les circuits d'adaptation des éléments rayonnants « esclaves », la logique de commande Cs permet une recopie des valeurs du maître vers les esclaves,
- d) déterminer, par exemple par mesure, la valeur d'impédance en sortie de l'élément rayonnant maître », et
comparer la valeur mesurée Zmesurée à une valeur souhaitée Zfixée, cette dernière est choisie par exemple selon les conditions de fonctionnement du système antennaire, de façon à obtenir l'accord souhaité, - e) tant que Zmesurée est différente ou sensiblement différente de la valeur Zfixée, déterminer les valeurs des paramètres permettant l'accord pour la structure rayonnante maître,
- f) faire varier au moins une des valeurs des éléments variables pour les faire converger vers les valeurs qui donnent l'accord et réitérer les étapes e) à d). La tolérance est par exemple fixée à une valeur de TOS inférieure ou égale à 1,5.
- a) designate one of the radiating elements as "master",
- b) initializing the tuning parameters of the "master" radiating structure according to the operating frequency of the antenna system,
- c) communicating the tuning parameters, for example the values of the capacitors and the inductances of the adaptation circuit to all the adaptation circuits of the "slave" radiating elements, the control logic Cs makes it possible to copy the values of the master to the slaves,
- d) determining, for example by measurement, the impedance value at the output of the master radiator ", and
comparing the measured value Z measured with a desired value Z fixed , the latter is chosen for example according to the operating conditions of the antenna system, so as to obtain the desired agreement, - e) as long as Z measured is different or substantially different from the fixed Z value, determining the values of the parameters allowing agreement for the master radiating structure,
- f) varying at least one of the values of the variable elements to converge them to the values that give the agreement and reiterate the steps e) to d). The tolerance is for example set at a value of TOS less than or equal to 1.5.
La variation des valeurs est réalisée par exemple de manière itérative selon des algorithmes connus de l'Homme du métier.
Les informations sont transférées de la structure rayonnante « maître » vers les structures « esclaves » par exemple en les modulant à une fréquence différente de la fréquence de travail et en utilisant les câbles 90i.
Elles peuvent aussi être transférées par tout autre moyen connu de l'Homme du métier.The variation of the values is carried out for example iteratively according to algorithms known to those skilled in the art.
The information is transferred from the "master" radiating structure to the "slave" structures, for example by modulating them at a frequency different from the working frequency and using the cables 90i.
They can also be transferred by any other means known to those skilled in the art.
La
Un premier élément rayonnant filiforme 11 a une de ses extrémités 81 connectée directement à la masse du véhicule 2. L'autre extrémité 71 est connectée au travers d'une embase de traversée E1 à la borne d'entrée 301 de l'ensemble d'alimentation et d'adaptation d'impédance 31. Un exemple de détail de cet ensemble est représenté à la
Les informations échangées entre les différents ensembles s'effectuent au moyen de bus connu de l'Homme du métier ou encore de câble de liaison, par exemple les câbles coaxiaux 311 et 312 reliant les ensembles d'alimentation et d'adaptation d'impédance 31 et 32 au diviseur de puissance 9. Ces deux câbles reliés à deux sorties distinctes 901 et 902 du diviseur de puissance ont la même longueur ou sensiblement la même longueur pour permettre l'arrivée des signaux en même temps sur les éléments rayonnants. Les puissances RF transmises aux éléments rayonnants 11 et 12 sont donc identiques en amplitude et en phase ou au moins le plus semblable possible.The
A first
The information exchanged between the different assemblies is effected by means of a bus known to a person skilled in the art or else a connecting cable, for example the
Les
La
Claims (10)
- An antenna system comprising a transmitter-receiver (5) connected to a power splitter (9) with a ratio N+1 that is equal to the number of (N+1) radiating structures of transmitter-receiver, said radiating structures being substantially identical with N greater than 1, said (N+1) structures are disposed parallel to each other, each radiating structure is connected to a power supply supply impedance device to form an assembly Ri:• said N+1 assemblies R1, R2, ...Ri,.., Rn, Rn+1 each comprise at least one radiating structure (11, 12, ... 1i,...,1n, 1n+1) respectively with a power supply and impedance device (31, 32, 3i,...,3n, 3n+1), each assembly Ri is connected to the power splitter 9 by means of a cable (901, 902,,..90i,..,90n,90n+1),• the N+1 radiating structures (1i) are installed in parallel, one of these structures acting as master and the N other structures acting as slaves,• a device Z (Zmetre) for measuring the impedance at the output of the radiating structure (11) that is designated as master,• for the master structures, a processor (15) provide with a control logic Cm, the notable function of which is to actively tune during the tuning phase, said control logic Cm notably allowing the tuning phase of the antenna system to be managed by determining and by varying the values of the variable elements of the power supply and matching assembly, such as the capacitive elements (41), the inductive elements (42) and the variable capacity (12), in order to make them converge towards the values that result in the tuning,• for each of the N radiating structures acting as slaves in a given operating configuration of the antenna system, a processor (15) fitted with a control logic Cs, the notable function of which is to copy at any moment, and thus during the entire tuning phase, the status of the master equipment, notably the tuning parameters, such as the values of the variable elements (411, 412,..), towards the variable elements (41i, 42i,......) respectively of the power supply and matching assemblies referred to as "slaves",• the power supply devices are designed to provide Radio Frequency frequencies that are substantially equal in phase to most or all of the (N+1) radiating structures.
- The antenna system according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises at least:• a first assembly (R1) constituted by a radiating structure (11), a power supply and impedance matching assembly (31) having a control logic (Cm) that allows it to operate as master so as to manage the tuning phase of the system by varying the values of the variable elements, such as the capacitive elements (411), the inductive elements (421) and the variable capacity (121), so as to make the converge towards the values that result in the tuning,• N additional assemblies (R2...., Rn+1) that are substantially identical with the first assembly and arranged in parallel with said assembly, having a control logic (Cs) for the power supply and impedance matching assemblies (3i,3i...3n+1) that is designed to operate as slave by copying at all times the status of the variable elements (411), (421), (121)... of the master to the variable elements (41i), (42i), (12i)... respectively of the power supply and impedance matching assemblies (3i),• a power splitter (9) from 1 input to N+1 outputs (901)... (90n+1) connected to the N+1 power supply and impedance matching assemblies (31...3n+1).
- The antenna system according to claim 1, characterised in that:• the radiating structures (11)... (1n+1) are of the loop type made from a filiform conductive element, one of the ends (81)... (8n+1) of which is connected to ground and the other end (71)... (7n+1) of which is connected to the input (301)... (30n+1) of a supply and impedance matching assembly (31)... (3n+1), and in that the power supply and impedance matching assemblies (31)... (3n+1) are constituted by at least:• one wideband impedance step-up transformer (21),• one variable pre-tuning capacitor (20) arranged in series with the primacy of the wideband impedance step-up transformer (21), the free terminal of which constitutes the input (301)... (30n+1),• an impedance matching device or ATU (4) connected to the secondary of the transformer (21).
- The antenna system according to claim 1, characterised in that the radiating structures (11) ... (1n+1) are of the monopole type made from a filiform conductive element, one of the ends of which is left free and the other end (71)... (7n+1) of which is connected to the input (301)... (30n+1) of a power supply and impedance matching assembly (31)... (3n+1).
- The antenna system according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises at least:• a first assembly (R1) constituted by a radiating structure (11), a power supply and impedance matching assembly (31) having a control logic (Cm) that allows it to operate as master so as to manage the tuning phase of the antenna system by varying the values of the variable elements, such as the capacitive elements (411), the inductive elements (421) and the variable capacity (121), so as to make them converge towards the values that result in the tuning,• an additional assembly (R2), identical with the first assembly (R1) and placed end-to-end with said first assembly (R1), but in which the control logic (Cs) for the power supply and impedance matching assembly (32) makes it operate as a slave by copying at any time during the tuning phase the status of the variable elements (411), (421), (121)... of the master towards the variable elements (41i), (42i), (12i)... respectively of said slave assembly (32),• a hybrid power splitter (9') with one input and two outputs (90'1), (90'2) in phase opposition connected to two power supply and impedance matching assemblies (31) and (32).
- The antenna system according to claim 5, characterised in that the radiating structures (11) and (12) are monopoles.
- The use of the system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the frequency range that is between 1.5 and 30 MHz.
- A method for tuning an antenna system composed of a transmitter-receiver comprising (N+1) substantially identical radiating structures, with greater than 1, comprising at least one step in which each of the radiating structures disposed in parallel with each other are fed and impedance matched for a given operating frequency value, characterised in that it comprises at least the following steps:• associating a master function to one radiating structure, and associating a "slave" function to the other N radiating structures,• transmitting the tuning parameters from the master radiating structure to the slave radiating structures,• varying at least one of the values of at least one of the parameters in order to make them converge and obtain the tuning,and in that it comprises the following steps of:b) initialising the tuning parameters for the "master" radiating structure,c) transmitting the tuning parameters to the slave radiating structures,d) determining the impedance value Zmeasured at the output of the "master" radiating structure and comparing said value with a specified value Zfixed,e) determining, whilst said determined value is different from the specified value, the values of the parameters allowing the tuning for the master radiating structure,f) varying at least one of the tuning parameters of the master radiating structure and repeating steps e to d.
- The method according to claim 8, characterised in that the parameters are transmitted by modulating the information at a frequency value that differs from that of the system operation.
- The method according to any one of claims 8 to 9, characterised in that the operating frequency range is selected in the range of 1.5 to 30 MHz.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0111738A FR2829622B1 (en) | 2001-09-11 | 2001-09-11 | HIGH EFFICIENCY AND HIGH POWER ANTENNA SYSTEM |
FR0111738 | 2001-09-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1291974A1 EP1291974A1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
EP1291974B1 true EP1291974B1 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
Family
ID=8867165
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02292218A Expired - Lifetime EP1291974B1 (en) | 2001-09-11 | 2002-09-10 | High efficient and high power antenna system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6784847B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1291974B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2404504A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2829622B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7382315B1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2008-06-03 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | System for and method of improving beyond line-of-sight transmissions and receptions |
US7498782B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2009-03-03 | Intel Corporation | Computer systems and voltage regulator circuits with toroidal inductors |
EP2266076B1 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2016-09-28 | Quotainne Enterprises LLC | Transceiving circuit for contactless communication and nfc device or rfid reader/writer device comprising such a transceiving circuit |
US8508419B2 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2013-08-13 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Multiple antenna element system and method |
FR2988241B1 (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2019-08-09 | Renault S.A.S | WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE MULTIPLEX RECEIVERS. |
US20140125530A1 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-08 | Omega-Tec, LLC | Compact Mobile and Fixed Broadband Dual-Mode HF Antenna System |
FR2998722B1 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2016-04-15 | Thales Sa | ANTENNAIRE SYSTEM WITH IMBRIQUE BUCKLES AND VEHICLE COMPRISING SUCH ANTENNA SYSTEM |
FR3049397B1 (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2019-11-22 | Thales | BI-LOOP ANTENNA FOR IMMERSE ENGINE |
FR3059437B1 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-01-25 | Continental Automotive France | METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING A COMMUNICATION LINK IN A MOTOR VEHICLE |
US10811758B2 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-10-20 | Harris Global Communications, Inc. | Broadband HF dismount antenna |
US11387558B2 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2022-07-12 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Loop antenna polarization control |
Family Cites Families (16)
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US2769169A (en) * | 1952-03-22 | 1956-10-30 | Arthur Leonard Munzig Jr | Dipole impedance matching device |
US3818480A (en) * | 1971-07-12 | 1974-06-18 | Magnavox Co | Method and apparatus for controlling the directivity pattern of an antenna |
US4176356A (en) * | 1977-06-27 | 1979-11-27 | Motorola, Inc. | Directional antenna system including pattern control |
US4343001A (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1982-08-03 | Rockwell International Corporation | Digitally tuned electrically small antenna |
FR2553586B1 (en) | 1983-10-13 | 1986-04-11 | Applic Rech Electronique | AUTOMATIC HALF-LOOP HALF-LOOP ANTENNA |
US4611214A (en) * | 1984-06-27 | 1986-09-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Tactical high frequency array antennas |
US4893131A (en) | 1988-06-15 | 1990-01-09 | Smith William J | Mobile or ground mounted arcuate antenna |
US5268695A (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1993-12-07 | Trimble Navigation Limited | Differential phase measurement through antenna multiplexing |
FR2758012B1 (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1999-05-28 | Thomson Csf | DOUBLE ANTENNA, PARTICULARLY FOR VEHICLE |
FR2759498B1 (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 1999-08-27 | Thomson Csf | VARIABLE GEOMETRY ANTENNA |
US6005514A (en) * | 1997-09-15 | 1999-12-21 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Method for attitude determination using GPS carrier phase measurements from nonaligned antennas |
FR2785094A1 (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2000-04-28 | Thomson Csf | HF skywave land vehicle radio antenna, has curved whip aerial one end with variable capacitance earth connected and other end transformer primary earth connecting and secondary inputting regulating voltage. |
FR2790872B1 (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2003-05-30 | Thomson Csf | DEMOUNTABLE, CAPACITIVE LOAD, WHIP TYPE ANTENNA AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A RADIANT SEGMENT OF SUCH AN ANTENNA |
DE19923729A1 (en) * | 1999-05-22 | 2000-11-23 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Circuit arrangement for checking the operational readiness of at least one antenna |
DE19955950A1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-06-13 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Antenna system |
JP2001160157A (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-12 | Toshiba Corp | Toll collection system |
-
2001
- 2001-09-11 FR FR0111738A patent/FR2829622B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-09-09 CA CA002404504A patent/CA2404504A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-09-10 US US10/065,015 patent/US6784847B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-10 EP EP02292218A patent/EP1291974B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2404504A1 (en) | 2003-03-11 |
US6784847B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 |
US20030071760A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
EP1291974A1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
FR2829622A1 (en) | 2003-03-14 |
FR2829622B1 (en) | 2004-04-09 |
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