EP1290502A1 - Applikatorelement und verfahren zum elektrografischen drucken oder kopieren unter verwendung flüssiger farbmittel - Google Patents
Applikatorelement und verfahren zum elektrografischen drucken oder kopieren unter verwendung flüssiger farbmittelInfo
- Publication number
- EP1290502A1 EP1290502A1 EP01945225A EP01945225A EP1290502A1 EP 1290502 A1 EP1290502 A1 EP 1290502A1 EP 01945225 A EP01945225 A EP 01945225A EP 01945225 A EP01945225 A EP 01945225A EP 1290502 A1 EP1290502 A1 EP 1290502A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- applicator element
- element according
- liquid
- regions
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
- G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material
- G03G15/102—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material for differentially wetting the recording material
Definitions
- Applicator element and method for electrographic printing or copying using liquid colorants are Applicator element and method for electrographic printing or copying using liquid colorants
- the invention relates to an applicator element and a method for electrographic printing or copying using liquid colorants.
- Known devices for electrographic printing or copying use a process in which dry toner is applied to the latent image of a latent image carrier, for example a photoconductor.
- a dry toner leads to relatively thick toner layers, since the toner particles have a relatively large particle size, and several toner particles have to be stacked on top of one another in order to ensure adequate ink coverage.
- the dry toner layer applied to the latent image must be fixed, for which purpose a relatively high energy has to be used. This high energy 'leads to a strong stress of the final image carrier, preferably paper, due to the fixation by heat and / or pressure.
- Liquid toners used hitherto contain a carrier liquid which is odorous and flammable.
- the final image carrier loaded with liquid toner is often also odorous. When using liquid toner, it is brought into contact with the latent image carrier.
- a device for a liquid developer is known.
- a latent image for example a potential pattern, is generated on a final image carrier.
- An applicator element carries a layer of liquid.
- An air gap of a certain air gap width is set between the liquid layer and the final image carrier. Liquid elements of the liquid layer to be transferred on the surface thereof due to the electric potential on the final image carrier '.
- US-A-4,942,475 and US-A-3, 830, 199 describe liquid developer systems in which an applicator roller carries a liquid layer.
- the surface of the appli katorwalze ' contains a plurality of recesses in which the liquid developer is accommodated.
- An image-forming method is known from JP 10-18037 A with abstract, in which a contact surface has a carbon film.
- This carbon film consists of DLC material, which is generated by a plasma CVD process.
- the applicator element according to the invention is preferably used in a printer or copier.
- liquid coloring agent is "prepared in a coloring station in such a way that a constant amount of liquid is present on the applicator element in the form of a liquid layer per time and per area.
- the liquid film is in the effective range the potential pattern corresponds to an electrostatic charge image.
- the potential pattern was previously generated by suitable means on the latent image carrier, for example by electrostatic charging and exposure of a photoconductor. Between the surface There is an air gap between the liquid layer and the latent image carrier with the potential pattern. There is a potential contrast, for example supported by the application of a voltage to the applicator element.
- Portions of the liquid layer are then partially detached from the applicator element and jump in small droplets or transfer by deformation of droplets in accordance with the Field lines on the surface of the latent image carrier and color the latent image to the colorant image.
- This colorant image can then be transferred directly to the final image carrier, for example paper.
- the colorant image is first transferred from the latent image carrier to an intermediate carrier and from there to the final image carrier.
- a liquid colorant preferably with a solids content of 20% or. higher, used.
- This liquid colorant contains a carrier liquid that is preferably odorless, non-flammable, environmentally friendly and non-toxic. Water is preferably used as the carrier liquid.
- liquid colorant has the advantage that it can easily be stored in a storage container and that there is no separation, no phase separation and no irreversible drying in this storage container and in the associated transport lines.
- the solids concentration or the colorant concentration can easily be changed by adding carrier liquid.
- the liquid colorant can be supplied in such a way that a colorant concentrate and the carrier liquid are stored and transported separately from one another. Due to the injection of a defined excess charge into the droplets to be transferred when these droplets are detached from the applicator element, an unintentional background coloring is avoided.
- liquid colorant has the further advantage that relatively thin layers of color can be produced on the final image carrier. In this way, the colorant consumption is low and high printing speeds can be achieved. There are also advantages with regard to the fixation of the colorant image on the final image carrier. The energy to be used can be reduced and the processing speed increased.
- the potential pattern on the latent image carrier is preferably designed as an electrostatic charge image. However, it is also possible to generate a potential pattern in the form of magnetic field lines. In this case should 'contain the liquid ink magnetosensitive carrier particles, which cause coloring agent are sequentially numbered transferases on the latent image carrier by overcoming the air gap and to color the latent image. With the loading Drawing "electrographic printing or copying * is expressed that a variety of electrical processes can be used with which a latent image can be generated on a latent image carrier.
- an alternating force field is present in the air gap, which acts on the liquid layer.
- An alternating electric field and / or an alternating magnetic field and / or an alternating acoustic field, in particular an ultrasonic field, can be used as the alternating force field. It has been shown in practice that such an alternating field is advantageous in order to produce fine print structures.
- the alternating force field supports the formation of droplets in the liquid layer or the formation of small channels between the liquid layer and the surface of the latent image carrier.
- the respective alternating field advantageously has a frequency greater than or equal to 200 Hz, in particular a frequency of 1 kHz to 20 kHz, preferably a frequency of 1 "kHz to 5 kHz.
- a favorable printing result can be achieved at the specified frequencies.
- the gap width of the air gap is set depending on the pressure point resolution.
- the dpi resolution ie “dots-per-inch *”
- the surface tension and the viscosity of the liquid layer are of particular importance for a good printing result.
- Two embodiments A and B are presented with different focal points of the parameters'.
- the surface tension is typically in the range from 20 to 45 mN / m, in particular in the range from 25 to 35 mN / m.
- the associated viscosity is set in the range from 0.8 to 50 mPa.s., in particular in the range from 3 to 30 mPa.s.
- the surface tension and viscosity values mentioned minimize the energy required for. Formation of liquid channels between the liquid layer on the applicator surface and the surface of the latent image carrier is required. At the same time, the surface energy that is set prevents the liquid from being permanently deposited on image areas of the latent image carrier that are not to be colored.
- B is for the liquid and has a relatively high surface tension and "an adapted thereto viscosity.
- the surface tension is in this example in the range of 50 to 80 mN / m, preferably in the range of 55 to 70 mN / m.
- the viscosity has a value in the range from 0.8 to 300 mPa-s.
- the properties of the drops are such that when the drops, a drop and the surface of the latent image carrier or drops and the applicator surface collide, elastic drops are predominantly deformed; This avoids agglomeration of the drops or wetting of the surface of the latent image carrier at image areas which cannot be colored.
- a method for providing a layer of a liquid colorant, in particular for electrographic printing or copying, is specified.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically the structure of a printing device which works with liquid colorant
- FIG. 2 shows a coloring station with an applicator roller for providing a thin layer of liquid
- FIG. 3 shows the principle of transferring droplets from the liquid layer on the applicator element to the surface of the latent image carrier
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the structure of the surface of the applicator element, whereby a droplet carpet forms on the surface
- FIG. 5 shows the alignment of the liquid colorant on the surface of the latent image carrier in accordance with a charge image
- FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment for a coloring station
- FIG. 7 shows the surface of an applicator roller with continuous properties and the formation of a uniform liquid layer
- FIG. 8 shows a cover layer of an applicator roller with first areas of increased electrical conductivity
- FIG. 9 shows a cover layer of an applicator roller with second areas of changed surface energy
- FIG. 10 shows a cover layer of an applicator roller with third areas of microscopic elevations
- FIG. 11 stochastically distributed microscopic surveys
- FIG. 12 shows a cover layer with a combination of first areas and second areas
- FIG. 13 a combination of first areas and third areas
- FIG. 14 shows a cover layer of an applicator roller, on which second areas and third areas are combined with one another
- FIG. 15 a cover layer in which first areas, second areas and third areas are combined with one another
- FIG. 16 shows an overview of possible surface structures and their combinations
- FIG. 17 shows the surface structure of an applicator roller with a regular well structure
- FIG. 18 shows an applicator roller surface with a well structure and raised islands
- FIG. 19 shows a surface structure with a stochastic distribution of cells and with exposed tips of microscopic elevations
- FIG. 20 shows an exemplary embodiment of a cleaning station
- Image creation processes for creating a latent image are processes for creating a latent image.
- FIG. 1 shows, as an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a printing device which prints an end image carrier 10, for example paper.
- the final image carrier 10 is moved in the direction of the arrow P1.
- the printing device comprises a photoconductor drum 12 which rotates in the direction of the arrow P2.
- a colorant image applied to the photoconductor drum 12 is transferred to an intermediate carrier drum 14 which is in contact with the photoconductor drum 12.
- the intermediate carrier drum 14 rotates in the direction of the arrow P3 and transfers the colorant image, supported by a reloading corotron 16, to the lower side of the end image carrier 10.
- An exposure station 18, a corotron 20, a light source 22 for generating a latent image on the photoconductor drum 12, a coloring station 24 with an applicator roller 26, a hot air generator 28, a cleaning station 30 and a regeneration station 32 are arranged on the circumference of the photoconductor drum 12
- the functions of these units 18 to 32 are explained in more detail below.
- the further cleaning station 34 can be constructed in the same way as the cleaning station 30.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the inking station 24 with the applicator roller 26, which faces the outer surface of the photoconductor drum 12.
- a uniform liquid film 38 is fed to the applicator roller 26 via a feed roller 36.
- This feed roller 36 in turn a constant amount of colorant is supplied via a scoop roller 40, which has a structure with cups 42 on its outer circumference.
- the scoop roller 40 dips a section into a scoop 44, in which a supply of colorant is contained.
- a doctor blade 46 acts on the outer circumference of the scoop roller 40, which causes only the volume of colorant contained in the cups 42 to be conveyed.
- the feed roller 36 is deformable.
- the wells 42 empty on their surface, so that the smooth liquid film 38 forms on the surface of the feed roller 36. This liquid film 38 is brought up to the applicator roller 26.
- the feed roller 36 can rotate in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the applicator roller 26.
- Applicator roller 26 and feed roller 36 preferably move in synchronism, as shown in FIG. 2 by the direction arrows.
- the applicator roller 26 separates a homogeneous droplet carpet 48 from the smooth liquid film 38, the droplets of which jump under the action of an electric field from the surface of the applicator roller 26 according to the image pattern onto the photoconductor 12, as is the case for example with the droplet 50 in FIG. 2 is shown.
- the droplet 50 overcomes an air gap L which is in the range from 50 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 100 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the photoconductor 12 can move in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the surface of the applicator roller 26.
- the surface speed of these two elements can be the same size or different.
- the surfaces of the photoconductor 12 and the applicator roller 26 preferably move at the same speed in the same direction, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the remains of the drip Carpet rugs 48 are removed from the surface of the applicator roller 26 with the aid of a doctor blade 52 and are returned to the colorant in the scoop tub 44 via a line system 54, 56.
- Another squeegee 58 removes the liquid film 38 on the feed roller 36 and supplies the residues to the colorant in the tub 44 via the element 56.
- the applicator roller 26 is subjected to a bi-potential ÜB in the form of a DC voltage. Because of this bias potential ÜB, there is a potential contrast between image points on the photoconductor 12 and the bias potential ÜB. An alternating voltage with a frequency of preferably 5 kHz or higher can additionally be superimposed on the bias potential ÜB.
- the potential pattern on the photoconductor 12 is labeled UP.
- This potential pattern UP is generated as a charge image, for example using a conventional electrographic process by charging with a corotron 20 (see FIG. 1) and by partial discharge using a light source 22, for example an LED print head or a laser print head.
- Alternative embodiments for a inking station can have an anilox roller with a chambered doctor blade as the scoop roller. Another alternative provides that a smooth film of liquid is sprayed onto the feed roller. A further alternative embodiment provides that the applicator roller is immersed with a section in a bath with the colorant, and that the amount of liquid absorbed is metered via an elastic roller doctor, which acts on the surface of the applicator roller. Further alternative embodiments of the coloring station are explained further below.
- FIG. 3 shows further details in the area of the air gap L between the surface of the photoconductor drum 12 and the surface of the applicator roller 26.
- the surface of the applicator roller 26 has a regular structure with elevations 60 with a height of approximately 5 to 10 ⁇ m and one Distance of about 10 to 15 ⁇ m from each other. These elevations 60 have a higher surface energy and a lower specific resistance than the surface sections 62 surrounding them.
- the surface energy of the elevations 60 is preferably in the range of 40 mN / m, the specific resistance is preferably in the range of 10 1 to 10 6 ⁇ cm.
- the surface portions 62 have a surface energy preferably in the range of less than 20 mN / m and a specific resistance of, preferably, greater than '10 7 ohm-cm.
- the droplets of the droplet carpet 48 shown in FIG. 3 form on the elevations 60. After the droplets have been transferred to the surface of the photoconductor 12 due to electrical field forces of the potential pattern UP, they are deposited the droplets, for example the droplet 62, correspond to the potential UP over the distance x, as is shown in detail in section 64.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a section of the surface of the applicator roller 26 with the elevations 60 and the surface sections 62.
- the droplets 66 form on the elevations 60. These droplets are approximately 0.3 to 50 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the droplets 66 have a relatively low adhesion and receive an increased electrical excess charge on the surface under the influence of an external electric field (not shown).
- an external electric field is e.g. generated from the image areas to be colored with colorant, which are defined by the charge image and which are located near elevations 60 during the coloring, e.g. at a distance L according to FIG. 2. Detachment by the action of a latent charge image is thus facilitated.
- the drop size can be varied by changing the structure size of the structure of the surface.
- the droplet size is equal to or smaller than the print resolution, preferably the droplet diameter is about a quarter of the smallest picture element to be printed.
- FIG. 5 shows the distribution of the drop or several drops transferred to the photoconductor in accordance with the charge image and the field strength E.
- the image element 70 to be colored with colorant is defined by the negative charges on the surface of the photoconductor 12.
- the colorant 68 transferred to this image point 70 in the form of a droplet or a plurality of droplets orients itself in accordance with the charge image, in particular image edges are sharply shaped.
- the surface energies of the photoconductor 12 and the liquid colorant 68 are coordinated in such a way that a contact angle of greater than approximately 40 ° results.
- FIG. 6 shows a further variant of a dyeing station 24.
- the applicator roller 26a does not carry a droplet carpet due to the continuous, homogeneous surface properties, but rather a continuous colorant layer 72.
- the surface energy of the surface of this applicator roller 26a is typically in the range from 10 to 60 mN / m, preferably between 30 and 50 mN / m.
- the specific resistance of the surface is in the range from 10 2 to 10 8 ⁇ cm, preferably between 10 5 to 10 7 ⁇ cm.
- a smooth liquid film with a thickness in the range from 5 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 15 ⁇ m, is produced on the applicator roller 26a. This liquid film 72 is brought into the effective range of the potential pattern UP.
- a charge shift occurs within the liquid layer due to the potential contrast and, as a result, drops are formed and detached, as shown, for example, using the drop 50.
- an excess charge is also injected into the drop 50, in a manner similar to that explained in FIG. Because of the field effect and the kinetic impulse, the drop 50 moves to the surface of the photoconductor 12 and is focused by the field lines on the image areas to be developed.
- the further structure of the coloring station 24a corresponds to the coloring station 24 shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 7 shows a representation similar to FIG. 3, but using the smooth, homogeneous liquid film 72 from which droplets 50 are released in accordance with the distribution of the potential pattern UP.
- Several droplets collect on the image area 74 in order to color this image area.
- the potential pattern UP (x) present in the abscissa direction x the colorant is focused on the image areas 74 to be developed.
- the liquid colorant 62 is directed onto the colorant Photoconductor 12 on the field strength edges, which results in an edge smoothing of the picture elements.
- the surface of the photoconductor 12 should have a surface energy that does not lead to the complete spreading of the liquid colorant 62, ie the colorant is prevented from running apart.
- FIGS. 3 and 7 show that the droplets jump from the surface of the applicator roller 26 and 26a onto the opposite surface of the photoconductor 12. Such jumping need not necessarily be present.
- a drop of the drop carpet 48 on the applicator roller 26 or a drop formed on the applicator roller 26a from the smooth liquid film 72 can be elongated due to the electrical field effect according to the potential pattern UP. This deformation of the drop can be such that a liquid channel forms for a short time between the surface of the photoconductor 12 and the surface of the applicator roller 26 or 26a, and the drop can simultaneously come into contact both with the surface of the photoconductor and with the surface of the Applicator roller 26 and 26a have.
- the drop migrates completely or partially from the surface of the applicator roller 26 to 26a over to the surface of the photoconductor, which leads to an image-like coloring.
- the structure and technical properties of the surface of the applicator roller 26 are explained in the following FIGS. 8 to 19.
- the applicator element • regardless of its shape, is characterized in that its surface has a structure with a large number of areas at which the detachment of drops from the liquid layer is facilitated.
- This liquid layer can be present as a homogeneous, uniform layer or as a droplet carpet, as has already been mentioned above.
- the applicator roller 26 according to FIG. 8 has a cover layer 76 with reduced conductivity and a surface energy in the range of preferably 30 to 50 mN / m with a relatively low polar portion of the surface energy, preferably in the range of less than 10 mN / m.
- a plurality of first regions 78 are embedded in this cover layer 76, which have an increased electrical conductivity compared to the cover layer 76.
- the first areas 78 are produced, for example, by doping the cover layer 76 by means of metal atoms.
- the first regions 78 can be repeated at regular intervals or can be arranged at stochastically distributed intervals.
- the distances between the first regions 78 are preferably at a distance of 0.3 to 50 ⁇ m from one another.
- the cover layer can, for example, be made of DLC (diamont like carbon).
- the doping of the first regions 78 can be selected such that there is an almost rectangular transition in the conductivity. Alternatively, a smooth, continuous transition can be selected.
- the Art of the transition and also the size of the first areas 78 and the exposed areas 80 define the size of the droplets. In this manner, droplets can be produced that have a diameter up to 10 microns have 'and can easily be detached from the areas of the 80th
- the advantage of the arrangement shown in FIG. 8 is that the structuring of the cover layer 76 with areas 78 of different conductivity can take place on an otherwise smooth surface. At the first areas 78 of increased conductivity, charge carriers can be injected into the colorant droplets, which support the detachment of the droplets or drops from a closed liquid film under the influence of an external electric field.
- FIG. 9 shows a further variant of the structuring of the surface of the applicator roller 26.
- structuring takes place by changing the surface energy in sections. This change in surface energy takes place in a fixed grid and abruptly.
- the transition between sections of different surface energy can be continuous and the grid can be stochastically distributed.
- Cups 84 are embedded in the cover layer 76 made of a first material, the grid-shaped distribution of which takes place with a resolution of preferably 1200 dpi.
- the cups 84 are filled with a second material.
- the cups 84 with the second material form second areas 86 in the surface of the cover layer 76 with exposed areas 80 therebetween.
- a droplet carpet with droplets 82 forms on these exposed areas.
- the combination of two materials allows a variety of variations.
- ceramic can be provided as the first material and Teflon as the second material.
- DLC material, F-DLC material (fluor diamond-like carbon material) or Sicon material can be provided as the first material and Teflon as the second material.
- a further material combination results if the first material is a Ni layer or a layer made of Ni alloy, preferably CrNi, and the second material is Teflon, the Teflon material preferably being embedded in the form of balls in the Ni layer.
- the advantages of the arrangement according to FIG. 9 are that the structuring can take place on an otherwise smooth surface.
- the change in surface energy • leads specifically to the promotion of droplet formation.
- Adaptation to different colorant systems is possible via the numerous variants of material combinations.
- the combination of materials also reduce the adhesion of the droplets formed on the surface "of the applicator allows.
- FIG. 10 shows a further example of a structuring of the surface of the applicator roller 26 in such a way that the formation and detachment of drops from the liquid layer is facilitated.
- the structure of the surface has a multiplicity of third areas 88, which are formed as microscopic elevations on the otherwise macroscopically smooth surface. These third areas 88 can form a regular or a stochastic structure.
- the local wavelength of this structure is preferably in the range from 0.3 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the material of the cover layer should be such that it is compatible with the used liquid colorant forms the largest possible contact angle, preferably a contact angle greater than 90 °.
- a discontinuous layer of liquid is thus formed, preferably in the form of drops at the liquid's interface with the surface of the applicator roller 26.
- the microscopic elevations form small peaks and edges that lead to the formation of electrical field peaks in the area of action of an electrical field. These field peaks serve as separation points for the transfer of drops.
- FIG. 11 shows that the third areas 88 can be distributed stochastically.
- the height difference between the highest points of the microscopic elevations of the third regions 88 and the level of the macroscopically smooth surface is approximately 2 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m, for the examples according to FIGS. 10 and 11.
- FIG. 12 shows an example in which first areas 78 and second areas 86 are combined with one another. Both areas 78, 86 are formed at the same locations. Alternatively, the transition between the combined first and second regions 78, 86 and the remaining regions 80 can be continuous and the regions can be stochastically distributed. The combination of materials can be such as has been explained in connection with FIG. 9.
- FIG. 13 shows a surface structure as a combination of the examples according to FIGS. 8 and 10.
- First areas 78 with increased conductivity are combined with a change in the surface contour.
- the first areas 78 and the third areas 88 can be formed regularly and alternately. However, the spatial wavelength of the first regions 78 and the third regions 88 can also be different from one another deviate, the local wavelength of the third areas 88 being at most one fifth of the local wavelength of the first areas 78. Due to the combination of the first areas 78 and third areas 88, the droplet formation, the size of the droplets and the injection of charge carriers into these drops can be influenced.
- FIG. 14 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the surface is structured in such a way that second regions 86 and third regions 88 are combined with one another. These second areas 86 and third areas 88 can be formed regularly and alternately. Alternatively, the local wavelengths of the second regions 86 and the third regions 88 can be different from one another, the local wavelength of the third regions 88 being at most one fifth of the local wavelength of the second regions 86.
- FIG. 15 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which first areas 78, second areas 86 and third areas 88 are combined. In this way, the wetting of the surface of the applicator roller 26 can be set in a targeted manner.
- Figure 16 gives an overview of the possible surface structures and their combinations. The uppermost illustration shows that the cover layer of the applicator roller has first areas 78 with changed conductivity. In the example according to FIG. 16, the liquid colorant is shown as a continuous layer 77.
- the example below shows the second areas 86 with changed surface energy, which are cup-shaped.
- the example below shows the surface structure with the third areas of a micro- scopic regular surface contour.
- the example below shows a stochastically distributed surface contour with third areas 88.
- the further example below shows a surface structure with a combination of first areas 78 and second areas 86.
- the further example below shows a combination of first areas 78 of changed conductivity and third areas 88 with a microscopic surface contour.
- the penultimate example shows the combination of second areas 86 and third areas 88.
- the last example shows a surface structure with a combination of first areas 78, second areas 86 and third areas 88.
- FIGS. 17 to 19 show concrete surface structures for an applicator roller.
- a cover layer 76 with reduced conductivity and a surface energy in the range from 30 to 50 mN / m with a polar proportion greater than or equal to 5 mN / m, for example ceramic is applied to a metallic base body 90.
- This cover layer 76 has a regular cell structure, for example with a resolution of 1200 dpi.
- the cups 84 are made of a material with a lower surface energy than ceramic and with a lower conductivity than ceramic, for example Teflon. Overall, there is a flat roller surface.
- the surface of the filled cells has an area share of 60 to 90%, preferably 70 to 80%, of the total surface.
- the liquid film 38 is split at the contact point between the feed roller 36 and the applicator roller 26 (see FIG. 2). Only those areas of the surface which have an increased surface energy take on the applicator roller 26. Since these areas with increased surface energy are separated from areas with lower surface energy, a uniform droplet carpet is formed 48.
- the drop size is determined by the fineness of the structure of hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas. With a resolution of 1200 dpi, drops of approx.
- FIG. 18 shows a further example for the structuring of the applicator roller surface.
- a cover layer 76 with reduced conductivity e.g. Ceramic, applied with a thickness of 1 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the base body 90 or optionally the cover layer 76 is structured by a regular cell structure with a resolution of at least 1200 dpi.
- the cups 84 are made of a material with a lower surface energy than ceramic and a lower conductivity than ceramic, e.g. Teflon, filled up. The cups 84 are not completely filled, so that a roller surface with raised islands 92 is formed.
- the surface of the filled cells has an area share of 60 to 90% of the total surface.
- droplets 82 form on the raised areas 92 to form a droplet carpet 48.
- FIG. 19 shows a further exemplary embodiment for an applicator roller.
- the conductive base body 90 preferably made of metal, with a surface energy in the range from 30 to 50 mN / m with a polar proportion greater than or equal to 5 mN / m, there is optionally an intermediate layer 76 with reduced conductivity and a surface energy in the same range, for example ceramic, applied with a thickness in the range of 1 to 500 microns.
- the surface of the roller base body 90 or optionally the intermediate layer 76 is structured by a stochastic distribution of cup chen 84 with a grid spacing of 0.3 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 0.3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- a cover layer 94 for example made of Teflon, with a material having a lower surface energy and a lower conductivity than the underlying layer 76, 90 fills the depressions, so that the tips 96 of the stochastic surface structure remain uncovered.
- the surface of the filled-in depressions has an area fraction of preferably 60 to 90% of the total surface.
- the colorant image is thickened by physical and / or chemical processes, preferably by the evaporation of the carrier liquid in the colorant. This effect is intensified by the hot air generator 28, to which the colored ink image is fed as a result of the rotational movement of the photoconductor drum 12.
- the colorant image is first transferred from the surface of the photoconductor drum 12 to the surface of an intermediate carrier drum 14 which is in contact with the surface of the photoconductor drum 12.
- the transmission takes place by mechanical contact and is preferably supported by a transfer printing voltage which is applied to the intermediate carrier drum 14.
- the intermediate carrier drum 14 consists of an electrically highly conductive body, preferably of metal, and has a coating with a de- Finished electrical resistance, preferably in the range of 10 5 to 10 13 ⁇ cm.
- a band can be provided as the intermediate carrier, which has a defined electrical resistance, preferably in the range from 10 5 to 10 13 ⁇ cm, and that of an electrically highly conductive element, which preferably consists of a metal, to the colored one Image on the latent image carrier, for example the photoconductor drum 12, is brought up.
- This tape also preferably carries an electrical potential on the surface, which supports the transfer of the liquid image from the latent image carrier to the intermediate carrier.
- the electrical potential of the surface of the intermediate carrier is set by an auxiliary voltage which is applied directly to the intermediate carrier or to the highly electrically conductive element which leads the intermediate carrier surface to the colored image on the latent image carrier.
- This auxiliary voltage can contain DC voltage components and AC voltage components.
- the cohesion of the colorant image is greater than the adhesion between the intermediate carrier and the colorant image; the adhesion between the intermediate carrier and the colorant image is in turn greater than the adhesion between the surface of the latent image carrier and the colorant image. Because of these adhesive force conditions, the colorant image is transferred from the latent image carrier to the intermediate carrier.
- the viscous can be applied to the intermediate carrier by suitable means, preferably by a dry hot air stream. sity of the transferred colorant image can be further increased. This ensures that the cohesion of the colorant image is sufficiently high to ensure complete transfer to the final image carrier 10. This also ensures that in the operating mode “collection mode *, which is explained in more detail below, the last colorant image generated in each case has a lower cohesion than the previously collected colorant images. In this way, there is no retransfer of colorant to the surface of the photoconductor.
- a hot air station 36 is provided for generating a dry hot air flow which acts on the surface of the intermediate carrier drum 14.
- the surface of the intermediate carrier drum 14 is guided past this in the direction of rotation P3.
- a cleaning station 30 or a cleaning station 34 is arranged on the circumference of the photoconductor drum 12 or the intermediate carrier drum 14. These cleaning stations 30, 34 serve to remove the remnants of the colorant image still remaining after printing. The structure of the cleaning station 30 or 34 is explained in more detail below. Furthermore, a regeneration station 32 is arranged on the periphery of the photoconductor drum 12 after the cleaning station 30, which generates defined surface properties and charge injection conditions on the surface of the photoconductor drum 12.
- Various operating modes can be provided for realizing multi-color printing on the final image carrier 10.
- a first mode of operation different color image extracts are successively generated on the latent image carrier, ie the photoconductor drum 12, and successively transferred directly to the final image carrier 10.
- a second operating mode several color image separations are superimposed on the photoconductor 12. The superimposed color image extracts are then transferred together to the final image carrier 10 ' .
- a third mode of operation provides that, in order to implement multicolor printing, a plurality of color image sequences are successively generated on the latent image carrier and superimposed on the intermediate carrier. The superimposed color image extracts are transferred together from the intermediate carrier to the final image carrier 10.
- a printing unit with a latent image carrier and an applicator element is provided for each color separation, each of which produces a color separation.
- the different color separations are successively transferred directly to the final image carrier 10 with a precise fit or first to an intermediate carrier, e.g. the intermediate carrier drum 14, and from there to the final image carrier 10.
- This operating mode is also called single-pass procedure.
- a fifth operating mode is characterized in that a single latent image carrier is provided for realizing multi-color printing, to which several applicator elements are assigned, for example in the manner of the applicator roller 26. Each applicator element generates a color image extract which is transferred to the final image carrier 10 directly or initially to an intermediate carrier and from there to the final image carrier 10. This operating mode is also called multi-pass procedure.
- An embodiment for the single-pass method has up to five complete printing units, each with a character generator, a latent image carrier and at least one coloring station, and has a common intermediate carrier.
- the multicolored image is created in a single pass.
- the individual partial color images are generated on the latent image carriers assigned to them at such a time interval that they meet in register with the same surface area of the intermediate carrier which is successively moved past the individual colored latent image carriers and takes over the partial color images in contact with them.
- the partial color images together form the mixed color image.
- the cohesion of the individual ink images is set to the respective latent image carrier in such a way 'that the cohesion of the first transferred to the intermediate support colorant image is higher than the respective subsequent ink image. For example, this can be achieved by a differently advanced dry state of the colorant images.
- FIG. 20 shows an exemplary embodiment for the cleaning station 30.
- This cleaning station 30 has the task that the residues 101 of the colorant image which remain after the transfer of the colorant image are removed from the surface of the photoconductor drum 12.
- a brush roller 102 is used for this purpose, the brush 103 of which is in contact with the surface of the photoconductor drum 12.
- the brush roller 102 rotates in the direction of the arrow P4, preferably in the opposite direction to the movement of the photoconductor drum 12 in the direction P3.
- the brush 103 is arranged such that the theoretical outer diameter of the brush roller 102 is immersed in the surface of the photoconductor drum 12. This ensures the defined stress on the bristles and the compensation of manufacturing tolerances.
- the brush roller 102 removes residues 101 of the liquid colorant by mechanical displacement, supported by the adhesion between the colorant and the brush hair and possibly by electrostatic support.
- the base body ⁇ of the brush roller 102 is preferably made of metal, to which a voltage UR is applied in order to achieve the advantageous electrostatic detachment effect.
- This voltage UR is a DC voltage, which can be superimposed by an AC voltage.
- the contact area between the brush and the carrier liquid is subjected to ultrasound energy from an ultrasound source 107.
- an ultrasound source 107 After leaving the bath 106 ⁇ engages the brush 103 a suction device 104 which sucks the still adhering to the brush 103 diesstechniksrestse.
- the existing in the tub 100 mixture of carrier liquid and residues of colorant can be recycled and re-used for the printing process.
- the cleaning station 30 shown in FIG. 20 removes residues 101 from the photoconductor drum 12.
- An identical or similarly constructed cleaning station can also be used for cleaning the surface of an intermediate carrier, for example the intermediate carrier drum 14.
- a cleaning station of this type can therefore be used for removing color residues which adhere to a support, generally referred to as an image carrier, to which a liquid colorant image has been applied.
- the cleaning station can Sewalze included, which is pressed onto the surface of the image carrier.
- a doctor blade which is arranged after the contact point as seen in the direction of rotation of the detaching roller, serves to strip off the colorant taken up by the detaching roller.
- the ' release roller is preferably immersed in a bath with carrier liquid. After passing through the bath, a further doctor blade can be arranged on the circumference of the detaching roller in order to scrape off the liquid on the surface of the detaching roller.
- the surface energy of the surface of the release roller should be set in such a way that there is a higher adhesion between the colorant residue and the surface of the release roller than the cohesion within the colorant residue.
- the cohesion within the colorant residue should be greater than the adhesion between the colorant residue and the surface of the image carrier.
- the cleaning station contains a cleaning fleece which is pressed onto the image carrier.
- the cleaning fleece is preferably moved at a considerably lower speed than the peripheral speed of the image carrier.
- the cleaning fleece can be designed as an endless belt which, after contact with the surface of the image carrier, is passed through a bath filled with carrier liquid. The colorant is dissolved and removed from the cleaning fleece.
- the endless belt is applied with a doctor blade and preferably with ultrasound. After leaving the bath, excess carrier liquid is removed from the endless belt, preferably using a pair of squeeze rollers.
- the cleaning fleece can be rolled up on a dispenser roll and is brought into contact with the surface of the image carrier using a roller and a saddle. The cleaning fleece is then wound onto a receiver roll. The cleaning fleece is from the donor role gradually moves to the recipient role. Up to several thousand sheets can be printed between two steps.
- this contains a doctor blade which is pressed onto the image carrier.
- the image carrier is in the form of a tape, a roller or a rod can be provided as a counter bearing for the squeegee.
- the cleaning station contains a wave bath device which directs a jet of cleaning liquid onto the surface of the image carrier.
- the carrier liquid of the colorant is preferably used as the cleaning liquid.
- Another variant of the cleaning station contains a roller bath device which uses a roller to bring cleaning fluid to the surface of the image carrier.
- This cleaning liquid preferably the carrier liquid of the colorant, dissolves the colorant residues as they are removed with the rotation of the roller.
- a doctor then acts on the roller mentioned, wiping off the dissolved liquid colorant.
- Another variant of the cleaning station contains an Airknife. This displaces the liquid colorant from the image carrier to be cleaned. The displaced colorant residues can be collected, processed and reused for the printing process.
- a further exemplary embodiment of a cleaning station contains a suction device which sucks the liquid colorant residue off the surface of the image carrier.
- the extracted exhaust air can be filtered and the liquid paint tel are deposited, which is preferably reused in the further printing process.
- a detachment station can be arranged in front of the cleaning station 30 (not shown), which applies a cleaning liquid to the surface of the image carrier.
- a scoop roller can be provided for application; alternatively, a section of the image carrier can pass through a bath with cleaning liquid. It is advantageous if the carrier liquid of the colorant is used as the cleaning liquid. It is advantageous if the contact point between the cleaning liquid and the image carrier is subjected to ultrasound energy.
- a regeneration station 32 is arranged after the cleaning station 30 in the exemplary embodiment shown in the direction of rotation of the photoconductor drum 12. While the cleaning station 30 ensures continuous mechanical cleaning, the regeneration station 32 serves to set and permanently guarantee defined process conditions, in particular with regard to the surface properties, such as the surface energy of the latent image carrier, the surface energy ratio between the surface of the latent image carrier, the liquid colorant and, if appropriate, the surface of the intermediate carrier, and the surface roughness, ie the microscopic structure of the surface. Furthermore, the regeneration station serves to set defined process conditions with regard to the electrical properties on the surface of the latent image carrier, for example with regard to the charge injection conditions and the surface resistance.
- the regeneration station determines the surface energy, which is the wettability of the surface with the liquid colorant controls.
- the regeneration station maintains, on the surface of the image carrier, which may be an intermediate carrier or a latent image carrier, a substance influencing the surface energy, preferably surfactant solutions, in particular in 'water dissolved non-ionic surfactants.
- This substance can be applied, for example, with a layer thickness of less than 0.3 ⁇ m, which completely wets the surface, preferably in a time of less than 5 ms.
- the regeneration station can contain a corona device which has a corona with an alternating voltage in the range from 1 to 20 kVss (measured from peak to peak) at a frequency in the range from 1 to 10 kHz.
- This corona device can alternatively be used to apply the substance or in combination with the substance.
- cleaning and regeneration are combined in a single operation.
- wave pool cleaning or roller pool cleaning is used.
- a substance controlling the surface energy preferably a surfactant solution, is added to the cleaning liquid. This substance is then transferred to the image carrier with the cleaning liquid. Excess cleaning liquid can be removed again, and such residues can be recycled.
- the surface of the image carrier can be dried by suitable means, for example a warm one and dry air flow directed to the surface. This drying serves to increase the surface-active components and thereby to increase their effectiveness. In addition, a potentially disruptive effect of excess cleaning fluid is avoided.
- the surface energy state of this cover layer must also be restored or maintained after each dye transfer change.
- the material of the upper insulating cover layer of the photoconductor must accordingly be matched to the use of aqueous colorants.
- the surface energy conditions must be such that the carrier liquid with the colorant adheres to the surface in the latent image areas to be colored. At least this liability condition must apply to the solids content of the colorant. In the areas of the The surface of the photoconductor must outweigh the electrical repulsion effect in such a way that no liquid comes into contact with the insulating surface of the photoconductor.
- a variant is that because of the stability of the electric field over the insulating cover layer of the photoconductor, a permanent approach of the liquid containing colorant to this insulating layer can be carried out, the polarity of the solid colorant particles in the liquid must be such that it Particles are attracted by the electric field in the areas to be colored. In the areas not to be colored, the electrical field direction is reversed, so that the charged solid colorant particles are repelled.
- Imaging of the cover layer of the photoconductor can also be achieved in that the areas to be colored are relatively well wetted by the combined effect of the surface energy relationship between the insulating cover layer and the liquid and the electric field and the areas which are not to be colored are relatively poor because of the reverse field direction become.
- This type of coloring or the combination with the deposition of the charged solid colorant particles is particularly suitable for the development process at high speed.
- the liquid layer In order to realize a high-speed process with a pure particle deposit without significant wetting differences between the areas to be colored and those not to be colored, the liquid layer must be very thin and the concentration of the solid colorant particles must be relatively high. The largest possible particle charge is advantageous for high-speed development.
- this photoconductive layer can be provided with a thin insulating cover layer according to one exemplary embodiment.
- This top layer is chosen so that it meets the requirements for wettability and other surface properties, such as the charge injection property, for the absorption and release of a liquid colorant.
- FIGS. 21 to 26 explain photo-dielectric imaging processes.
- a photo-dielectric process (FIGS. 21 and 22) can be used to generate the latent image, in which the formation of the latent image is controlled by an electric field in the photoconductor.
- a charge current controlled process can also be used for latent image generation (FIGS. 23 to 26).
- An image generation process which is also referred to as Nakamura process 1, is explained with reference to FIG.
- the photoconductors shown in the following figures each have " a lower conductive layer 110, a middle photosensitive layer 112 and an upper insulating cover layer 114.
- This cover layer 114 determines the surface energy state, the electrical surface resistance and the charge injection properties of the photoconductor.
- the cover layer 114 itself does not significantly affect the electrophotographic process for generating the latent image.
- the layer system of the photoconductor in a first step is first uniformly charged with one polarity, with charge carrier injections from the lower, conductive layer 110 into the photoconductor layer 112 and / or through simultaneous uniform exposure (not shown) prevents the formation of an electric field in the photoconductor layer 112.
- the layer system is then recharged with the opposite polarity, an electrical field being created in the photoconductor layer 112 (second step).
- the layer system is exposed imagewise, whereby the latent image is created. Typical potential relationships are entered in FIG.
- FIG. 22 relates to a photo-dielectric imaging process, which is also referred to as a Hall process.
- a first step the layer system of the photoconductor is initially charged uniformly with one polarity, an electrical field being built up both in the photoconductor layer 112 and in the cover layer 114.
- the layer system is then exposed imagewise (second step).
- second step the electric field in the photoconductor layer 112 is reduced in exposed areas, while it is retained in unexposed areas.
- the charge is recharged evenly with the same polarity as in the first step.
- a uniform surface exposure then takes place, the electrical field being reduced in all areas of the photoconductor layer 112 and the latent image being produced (fourth step).
- Typical potential relationships are again shown in FIG.
- FIG. 23 shows a photo-electric imaging process, which is also referred to as the Katsuragawa process, a charge current-controlled process being used for the latent image generation.
- the layer system of the photoconductor is first uniformly charged with one polarity, with charge carrier injection from the lower conductive layer 110 into the photoconductor Layer 112 and / or simultaneous uniform exposure (not shown) prevents the formation of an electric field in the photoconductor layer 112.
- the layer system is exposed imagewise and, at the same time, is recharged with the opposite polarity for charging in the first step, an electrical field in the photoconductor layer 112 being prevented in exposed areas. In unexposed areas, an electrical field is created in the photoconductor layer 112.
- the layer system is exposed uniformly, the latent image being produced. Typical potential relationships are also entered in FIG.
- FIG. 24 Another charge current controlled imaging process is described in FIG. 24 and is referred to as the Canon NP process.
- the layer system of the photoconductor is first uniformly charged with one polarity, with the formation of an electric field in the photoconductor layer 112 by charge carrier injection from the lower, conductive layer 110 into the photoconductor layer 112 and / or by simultaneous uniform exposure (not shown) is prevented.
- the layer system is then exposed imagewise and discharged at the same time, preferably with the aid of an AC corona, the occurrence of an electric field in the photoconductor layer 112 being prevented in exposed areas. In unexposed areas, an electric field is created in the photoconductor layer 112 (second step).
- a third step the layer system is exposed evenly, creating the latent image.
- Typical potential relationships are again shown in FIG. FIG. 25 describes a charging current-controlled image generation process, which is referred to as Naka ura process 3.
- the layer system is charged evenly with one polarity (the positive polarity was selected in the example according to FIG. 25) and at the same time exposed image-wise. In exposed areas, the formation of an electric field in photoconductor layer 112 is prevented, while in unexposed areas, a somewhat smaller electric field arises both in photoconductor layer 112 and in cover layer 114. Then, in the second step, there is a uniform charge with opposite polarity to the charge in the first step.
- the surface potential is then the same in the areas exposed and unexposed in the first step, in the example according to FIG. 25 approximately -500 volts.
- the latent image is created during the final uniform exposure of the entire layer system (third step). Typical potential relationships are again shown in FIG. 25.
- FIG. 26 shows a charging current-controlled image generation process which is referred to as the Simac process.
- the layer system is charged evenly with one polarity (positive in the example according to FIG. 26) and at the same time exposed imagewise. In exposed areas, the formation of an electric field in photoconductor layer 112 is prevented, while in unexposed areas, a somewhat smaller electric field arises both in photoconductor layer 112 and in cover layer 114.
- the latent image is formed in the second step, the electrical field disappearing in all areas of the photoconductor layer.
- Typical potential relationships are also entered in FIG. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- ultrasound source 110 conductive layer 112 photosensitive layer
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10027175 | 2000-05-31 | ||
| DE10027175A DE10027175A1 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2000-05-31 | Applikatorelement und Verfahren zum elektrografischen Drucken oder Kopieren unter Verwendung flüssiger Farbmittel |
| PCT/EP2001/006203 WO2001092967A1 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-31 | Applikatorelement und verfahren zum elektrografischen drucken oder kopieren unter verwendung flüssiger farbmittel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1290502A1 true EP1290502A1 (de) | 2003-03-12 |
| EP1290502B1 EP1290502B1 (de) | 2004-09-01 |
Family
ID=7644343
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01945225A Expired - Lifetime EP1290502B1 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-31 | Applikatorelement und verfahren zum elektrografischen drucken oder kopieren unter verwendung flüssiger farbmittel |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6799009B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1290502B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10027175A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001092967A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10027173A1 (de) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-13 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Einrichtung und Verfahren zum elektrografischen Drucken oder Kopieren unter Verwendung flüssiger Farbmittel |
| DE102004032922A1 (de) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-02-02 | OCé PRINTING SYSTEMS GMBH | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Entwicklung von zuvor auf einem Potentialbildträger erzeugten die zu druckenden Bilder enthaltenden Potentialbildern bei einer elektrografischen Druck- oder Kopiereinrichtung |
| US20080240794A1 (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-02 | Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty Ltd | Printing machine incorporating plastic metering roller |
| JP5366576B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-04 | 2013-12-11 | 株式会社ミヤコシ | 湿式現像装置 |
| KR20170033324A (ko) * | 2014-07-31 | 2017-03-24 | 휴렛-팩커드 인디고 비.브이. | 전기 유체 처리 |
| DE102015119138A1 (de) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-11 | Océ Printing Systems GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren und System zur Reinigung eines Transferelements |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3830199A (en) * | 1971-03-24 | 1974-08-20 | Ricoh Kk | Device for developing an electrostatic image with a developing fluid |
| US3906896A (en) | 1972-01-03 | 1975-09-23 | Xerox Corp | Ink applicator |
| US4268597A (en) | 1976-04-13 | 1981-05-19 | Philip A. Hunt Chemical Corp. | Method, apparatus and compositions for liquid development of electrostatic images |
| US4982692A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1991-01-08 | Nec Corporation | Apparatus for liquid development of electrostatic latent images |
| EP0333199A3 (de) * | 1988-03-17 | 1989-11-29 | Nec Corporation | Gerät zum Nassentwicklen mit gelochtem Flüssigkeitstransportband |
| JP2929892B2 (ja) * | 1993-04-09 | 1999-08-03 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 非接触インク現像方法 |
| JP3374661B2 (ja) | 1996-06-27 | 2003-02-10 | 日新電機株式会社 | 画像形成装置回転部品及びその製造方法 |
| JPH10111605A (ja) | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-28 | Brother Ind Ltd | 液体現像装置 |
| JPH11194620A (ja) | 1997-12-29 | 1999-07-21 | Brother Ind Ltd | 画像形成装置 |
| JP2000075667A (ja) * | 1998-08-28 | 2000-03-14 | Brother Ind Ltd | 画像形成装置 |
| JP2001337531A (ja) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-12-07 | Pfu Ltd | 液体現像電子写真装置 |
| DE10027173A1 (de) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-13 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Einrichtung und Verfahren zum elektrografischen Drucken oder Kopieren unter Verwendung flüssiger Farbmittel |
-
2000
- 2000-05-31 DE DE10027175A patent/DE10027175A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-05-31 DE DE50103478T patent/DE50103478D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-31 EP EP01945225A patent/EP1290502B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-31 WO PCT/EP2001/006203 patent/WO2001092967A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-05-31 US US10/297,227 patent/US6799009B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0192967A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20030156858A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
| EP1290502B1 (de) | 2004-09-01 |
| US6799009B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 |
| DE10027175A1 (de) | 2001-12-13 |
| DE50103478D1 (de) | 2004-10-07 |
| WO2001092967A1 (de) | 2001-12-06 |
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