EP1290381B1 - Element chauffant de forme tubulaire - Google Patents

Element chauffant de forme tubulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1290381B1
EP1290381B1 EP01945250A EP01945250A EP1290381B1 EP 1290381 B1 EP1290381 B1 EP 1290381B1 EP 01945250 A EP01945250 A EP 01945250A EP 01945250 A EP01945250 A EP 01945250A EP 1290381 B1 EP1290381 B1 EP 1290381B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
heating element
piping
printed
tank
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01945250A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1290381A1 (fr
Inventor
Fausto Fioroni
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Thermowatt SpA
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Thermowatt SpA
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Publication of EP1290381A1 publication Critical patent/EP1290381A1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels
    • F24H9/0021—Sleeves surrounding heating elements or heating pipes, e.g. pipes filled with heat transfer fluid, for guiding heated liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/12—Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes
    • F24H9/13—Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes for water heaters
    • F24H9/133—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/40—Arrangements for preventing corrosion
    • F24H9/45—Arrangements for preventing corrosion for preventing galvanic corrosion, e.g. cathodic or electrolytic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/40—Arrangements for preventing corrosion
    • F24H9/45—Arrangements for preventing corrosion for preventing galvanic corrosion, e.g. cathodic or electrolytic means
    • F24H9/455—Arrangements for preventing corrosion for preventing galvanic corrosion, e.g. cathodic or electrolytic means for water heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tubular-shaped heating element for use, in particular, with boilers for sanitary purposes
  • the heating devices currently used in the aforesaid boilers are generally the so-called 'armoured electrical resistors'. These are constituted of an resistive electric filament immersed in a chemically inert, electrically insulating powder, which is, in its turn, pressed into a hermetically sealed metal pipe.
  • the optimal thermal power dispensable per unit of surface (normally called the 'thermal load') is usually approximately 8.5W/cm2 for boiler resistors
  • Electric storage heaters are generally characterised by a flange onto which one or more electrical resistors are mounted, a thermostat sheath containing one or more temperature sensors and, possibly, an anticorrosion device constituted of a magnesium anode or a cathodic protection device electrode.
  • the inlet pipe which is very short, just penetrates the tank and the said pipe dispenses the cold water into the bottom of the said tank.
  • the output pipe runs through the whole tank to draw the hot water from the highest part.
  • the minimum installed power in this type of boiler is approximately 1,200/1,500W.
  • the so-called "under-the-sink” electric storage heaters are small boilers located inside the sink unit. To make the attachment to the tap unit easier, these boilers are mounted upside down and, consequently, so that the cold water is inserted in the lower part and the hot water is drawn from the upper part, the pipe that normally acts as the inlet pipe is then attached to the output and vice-versa.
  • the fast-acting electric boilers are similar in construction to the storage heaters, except that they may have a smaller tank to suit the function they have to fulfil, they have a higher level of installed power and, for safety reasons, they are often of the so-called "free-discharge” kind, i.e. the water contained in the tank is at room pressure.
  • the aforesaid armoured resistors have some drawbacks, a first of which is represented by the complex production process.
  • a further drawback of this type of commonly known resistance is constituted by the distribution of the thermal power achieved with a looped or spiral-shaped resistor: all forms require costly specific equipment.
  • the drawbacks of the current electric storage heaters are constituted, above all, by the need for a flange, as a sealing element, and a support for at least one or more resistors, a sheath for one or more thermostat probes, and, possibly, a magnesium anode or a cathodic protection system electrode.
  • a further drawback of this kind of boiler is that the water must be stored at at least the usage temperature, but normally at much higher temperatures than the fast-acting boilers or even higher than the instant boilers, with a lower level of installed power but with greater heat loss and lime-scale deposits forming faster, these latter having an effect on the corrosion.
  • a further drawback is that it is impossible, without using a complicated-shaped resistor, to concentrate a significant amount of the thermal power in the lower part of the tank in order to guarantee more uniform temperatures with less heat loss keeping the average temperature unchanged.
  • a still further drawback is constituted by the fact that with the armoured electrical resistors it is impossible to heat the water a final time when it is drawn from the device.
  • the said resistors are constituted of a metal support base, generally AISI 430 steel, capable of diffusing the thermal energy emitted and guaranteeing the adhesion of the overlaying layers even if heat expansion occurs.
  • a first aim of this invention in a device for heating water such as an electric boiler in which it is necessary to provide electric resistive means of heating the water and, possibly, means of checking the temperature of the water and/or, possibly, electrochemical means of preventing corrosion, consists in reducing the components required to realise the aforesaid means.
  • a second aim consists in simplifying the construction of one or more of the aforesaid heating, temperature checking and corrosion prevention means.
  • a third aim consists in simplifying the mounting of one or more of the aforesaid means on a device for heating water.
  • a fourth aim consists in limiting the lime-scale deposits that form on the aforesaid heating means.
  • a fifth aim consists in the possibility of eliminating the support flange from one or more of the aforesaid means.
  • a further aim consists in the possibility of distributing the thermal power to be emitted by the aforesaid heating means better.
  • a still further aim, for a storage heater consists in enabling the water to be heated fully at the moment it is drawn, using the same heating means that heat the stored water.
  • a still further and final aim consists in reducing the manufacturing costs.
  • a heating element constituted of a tubular element designed to pipe water (for sanitary purposes at least) and to whose external and/or internal surfaces are applied one or more resistors printed in the way determined above.
  • a heating element 1 is shown inside the tank 2 of a storage heater.
  • the heating element 1 is the hot water output pipe from the tank 2.
  • the heating element 1 is constituted of : a piece of piping 3 made of any material compatible with the printed resistor technology and with the chemical, physical and mechanical stresses to which the said piping 3 will be subjected, e.g. AISI 430 steel; a printed resistor 4 and, lastly, a pipe coupling 5.
  • the pipe coupling 5 is fitted with suitable connection means 6 and 7, for example, threaded bushings, to fix respectively, the said coupling 5 to both the tank 2, by means of a ring nut 8, welded to the tank 2 itself, and also to the hot water distribution system (not shown).
  • the coupling 5 is also fitted with suitable connectors 9 for the electricity supply to the printed resistor 4, the said connectors 9 being connected electrically to the printed resistor 4 and insulated electrically from the remaining elements in a commonly known way not shown in the figure.
  • figure 4 there are (from the inside to the outside of the heating element 1): a possible layer of material 14 on which it is difficult for lime-scale to form deposits, such as polypropylene; the piping 3 onto which the subsequent printed resistor 4 will be applied, the said printed resistor 4 being constituted of one or more layers of a dielectric material anchored to the base of the support constituted by the piping 3; the actual resistive printed circuit and one or more external layers of a dielectric material.
  • Last to be shown is a possible sheath 15 designed to protect the printed resistor 4 against abrasion.
  • Figure 5 which constitutes a possible variant of the invention as indicated in figure 3, shows, with arrows, the circulation direction the water will assume during the two functioning modes of a storage heater. More precisely, on the left is the circulation triggered by convective motions during the heating phase using the heating element 1 and on the right is the direction during the phase in which the hot water is drawn.
  • the openings 10.a fitted with deflectors 12 positioned towards the inside, constitute, a variant of the openings 10
  • Figure 6 shows a possible variant of figure 5, where the openings 10.b are made in the piping 3 in a position with the section enlargements 13.
  • Figure 7 shows, mounted on a small tank 2.1, elements already shown in the previous figures: the arrows indicate the inlet and output water flow directions; although not shown in the figure, also the tank 2.1, in the same way as for the piping 3 in the previous figures, and at least for its entire cylindrical part, can constitute the support base for a printed resistor 4.1 completely identical to the printed resistor 4.
  • the other elements indicated are identical or equivalent to those shown in the previous figures. Therefore, the fast-acting kind of boiler shown in the figure is fitted with at least two printed resistors: the aforementioned printed resistor 4.1 and the printed resistor 4 , the base element of which is constituted of a piece of piping 3 of the hot water output kind.
  • the printed resistor 4 has been drawn in the figure indifferently, whether it is constituted of fretwork or a spiral wound around the piping 3. In actual fact, this could have any route which does not intersect itself, the route could even be irregular to vary the thermal load along the length of the heating element in the most suitable way. There could be, for example, a double spiral route with a constant pitch which begins and ends at the pair of connectors 9, or a double spiral with a variable pitch.
  • each said resistor terminating in a respective pair of connectors 9 with a view to make it possible to modulate the thermal power emitted by inserting one or more of the said printed resistors 4.
  • An important aspect of this invention is the fact that, using the same technology, and at the same time as the printed resistors 4 are printed, electrical circuits can be printed for connecting various electrical or electronic components to the exterior of the tank electrically. These said components could be useful if mounted along the heating element, the said heating element acting as a support for the said components.
  • the said components are welded in a commonly known way to one end of the printed electric circuits, in the most suitable position along the heating element, and insulated electrically from the surrounding environment; the other end of the said circuits terminates, with suitable electrical connectors, in position with the pipe coupling.
  • the said components can be, for example, temperatures sensors (e.g.
  • the temperature sensors can also be constituted of a printed resistive track with a resistivity level dependant enough on the temperature to be measured.
  • the route of the printed sensor can be constituted of a track which is long enough to increase the total resistance, thus facilitating the measuring of the resistor as a function of the temperature change.
  • one or more openings 10, constituted of 4mm holes are sufficient to guarantee the recirculation without the cold water eddying when the water is drawn from the tank
  • the diameter of the heating element 1 can be made wide enough to permit a sufficiently active natural circulation inside it without any openings 10 being necessary.
  • the speed of the water when it is drawn from the tank is high enough or sufficiently frequent to ensure a constant washing and so prevent or remove lime-scale deposits.
  • a layer of non-stick material 14 for the lime-scale inside the piping 3 such as polypropylene.
  • an external anti-abrasion jacket for the most external layer of insulating material constituting the printed resistor 4.
  • a protective sheath 15 made of a suitable material, but it could also be useful to have the said protective sheath 15 made of a material designed to act as an electrode for the cathodic protection, as described in full in another patent filed at the same time, by the same applicant.
  • the said protective sheath 15 can be constituted of a sacrificial metal tubular element to protect the apparatus against corrosion (in general a magnesium anode). With any commonly known means or the means described earlier, the said electrode or the said anode are suitably connected electrically to the metal tank to be protected.
  • the heating element 1 permits the functioning to be flexible, which is impossible with the commonly known armoured electrical resistors.
  • a boiler generally keeps the water at 70-75°C, while the usage temperature is generally 40° C. If little water is required and the user wishes to limit the heat loss, the storage temperature can be lowered to the usage temperature, but never below.
  • the heating element 1 the water can kept at slightly lower temperature than the usage temperature and it can be reheated during the drawing phase, activating the printed resistor 4.
  • the said electrical resistor 4 it is necessary for the said electrical resistor 4 to be operated by a thermostat during the storage phase and by a flow sensor unit, such as a pressure switch or a flow switch, during the water-drawing phase.
  • the heating element 1 is shown as a pipe for drawing the hot water from a storage heater but, alternatively, this can take the form of the input pipe, as in the case of the 'under-the-sink' boiler or both the inlet pipe suitably extended inside the tank, and the output pipe for a better distribution of the thermal power in the most suitable areas.
  • Figure 7 instead, shows a fast-acting boiler fitted with at least two printed resistors which are separated from each other physically.
  • the first said resistor indicated with the number 4.1 and supported by the tank 2.1, can keep the water stored at a determined temperature, regulated by a suitable thermostat.
  • the second, indicated with the number 4 and supported by the output pipe 3 can also heat the water during the drawing phase, regulated by a suitable flow sensor, such as a pressure switch or a flow switch.
  • a single heating element 1 constituting the output pipe could perform both the pre-heating function during the storage phase and the final heating function during the drawing phase as long as the said heating element 1 has the openings 11 as shown in the figure.
  • the printed resistor 4 or 4.1 can be applied to the internal surface of the heating element 1 or and also the heating element 1 or can have different shaped sections (i.e. not circular) or be curved or convex, naturally within the limits of the forms permitted by the commonly known resistor printing technology.
  • a first advantage of the heating element 1 is that, in a storage heater, the flange can be eliminated by simply providing the following: a threaded ring nut for fixing the heating element, a welded or screwed sheath for inserting the thermostat sensors and/or the cathodic anticorrosion protection electrode and/or a threaded ring nut for inserting a magnesium anode or an electrode. It has also been shown, though, that the heating element 1 can also support, all together, the sensor units, safety thermostats and anticorrosion protection electrodes or sacrificial anodes. Therefore it is possible, in some variants, to eliminate, not only the flange, but also the other hole in the tank 2, with the exception of the hole needed for the heating element according to the invention.
  • this invention can also permit a significant reduction in the heat loss and lime-scale formations in the tank 2.
  • the heating element according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture a fast-acting storage heater where the same heating element can pre-heat the water stored to the storage temperatures lower than those required and then complete the heating phase at the moment of use.
  • An electrical resistor of the armoured kind for boilers usually has a thermal load, as mentioned earlier, of 8.5W/cm2 and it is subject to rapidly forming lime-scale deposits, which increase in direct proportion to the thermal load.
  • a boiler output pipe is generally 1 ⁇ 2" in diameter (i.e. 21mm): supposing the length is 600mm and the installed power is 1500W, the heating element 1 has a thermal load of less than 4W/cm2, less than half that of the armoured resistor, and it is possible to further reduce the thermal load by increasing the pipe diameter and its surface while keeping the surface of the printed resistor route unchanged without there being any significant increase in the cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Résistance à forme tubulaire (1), en particulier pour les dispositifs réchauffants pour l'eau pour usages sanitaires en chauffe-eau à accumulation, du type utilisant une technologie où un résistor imprimé est appliqué à une surface de métal, le dit résistor imprimé étant constitué par une ou plusieurs couches de matériau diélectrique appliqué à cette surface métallique sur la quelle sont imprimés, utilisant par exemple une technique sérigraphique, un ou plusieurs circuits électriques résistifs auxquels, à leur tour, sont appliqués une ou plusieurs couches de matériau diélectrique, la dite résistance (1) étant constituée par au moins un résistor imprimé (4, 4.1) lequel est appliqué sur toute ou sur une partie de la surface externe ou interne du tube (3), le dit tube présentant une section conformée de manière à permettre à l'eau à utiliser à usage sanitaire au moins de le traverser, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins un des dits résistors imprimés est raccordé à un thermostat durant la phase d'accumulation d'eau dans le réservoir (2,2.1), ainsi qu'à un capteur de flux durant la phase d' adduction de l'eau.
  2. Résistance (1) suivant la revendication 1 caractérisée par le fait que, au cas où plusieurs circuits électriques résistifs indépendants seraient présents sur la même résistance, ces circuits électriques résistifs peuvent être positionnés sur différentes couches, chacune d'elles étant séparée des autres par une ou plusieurs couches de matériau diélectrique.
  3. Résistance (1) suivant les revendications 1 et 2 caractérisée par le fait d'être raccordée à un réservoir (2, 2.1) avec les moyens de raccordement (6) et au réseau de distribution de l'eau avec des moyens de raccordement (7), les dits moyens de raccordement appartenant à au moins un manchon de jonction (5, 5.1), le dit manchon de jonction présentant des connecteurs (9) pour l'alimentation électrique d'au moins un résistor imprimé (4, 4.1).
  4. Résistance (1) suivant les revendications 1 et 3 caractérisée par le fait que les parcours des circuits électriques résistifs des résistors imprimés (4, 4.1) peuvent présenter n'importe quelle forme régulière ou irrégulière, cette forme étant indiquée pour distribuer la charge thermique, comme demandé, uniformément ou non sur le tube (3).
  5. Résistance (1) suivant les revendications précédentes caractérisée par le fait de pouvoir avantageusement prévoir une gaine externe de protection anti-abrasion (15) pour la couche la plus externe de matériau isolant constituant le résistor imprimé 4, dite gaine étant destinée à protéger le réservoir (2, 2.1) contre le phénomène de la corrosion, dite gaine de protection peut avantageusement consister en une électrode sous forme de dispositif de protection courant cathode imprimé, par exemple, en alliage de titane, ou en une anode sacrifiée réalisée, à titre d'exemple, en alliage de magnésium; les raccordements électriques du dit élément ont pour but de protéger le réservoir contre la corrosion et peuvent être réalisés, complètement ou partiellement, en utilisant la technologie du résister imprimé.
  6. Résistance (1) suivant les revendications précédentes caractérisée par le fait qu'une ou plusieurs ouvertures (10, 10a, 10b), placées dans la partie du tube (3), raccordent la surface externe et celle interne du dit tube, les dites ouvertures étant indiquées pour fournir la circulation naturelle de l'eau à l'intérieur du tube durant les phases de réchauffage.
  7. Résistance (1) suivant les revendications de 1 à 6 caractérisée par le fait qu'une ou plusieurs ouvertures (10.a) sont dotées de déflecteurs (12) destinés à empêcher l'entrée de l'eau froide dans le tube (3).
  8. Résistance (1, 1.1) suivant les revendications précédentes caractérisée par le fait qu'une ou plusieurs ouvertures (11, 11.b) sont placées dans la partie supérieure du tube (3) pour faciliter, à travers la circulation naturelle, le débordement de l'eau par le dit tube, dit débordement de l'eau étant destiné à prévenir les éventuelles bulles d'air qui peuvent se former dans une entrée (3.a) générant ainsi des obstructions.
  9. Méthode pour actionner la résistance tubulaire citée à la revendication 1 caractérisé par le fait que le thermostat actionne le résistor imprimé (4, 4.1) durant la phase d'accumulation dans le réservoir (2, 2.1) pour maintenir l'eau à une température légèrement inférieure par rapport à la température d'utilisation, le dit capteur de flux actionnant le résistor imprimé durant la phase de prélèvement de l'eau pour compléter le réchauffage de cette dernière: dite résistance étant destinée à être utilisée tant pour maintenir la température de l'eau à une première valeur présélectionnée et successivement de la réchauffer à une seconde température de prélèvement.
EP01945250A 2000-06-08 2001-06-05 Element chauffant de forme tubulaire Expired - Lifetime EP1290381B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2000MO000122A IT1315636B1 (it) 2000-06-08 2000-06-08 Elemento riscaldante elettrico di forma tubolare in particolare perapparecchi scalda acqua sanitaria e per elettodomestici in genere.
ITMO000122 2000-06-08
PCT/EP2001/006357 WO2001094861A1 (fr) 2000-06-08 2001-06-05 Element chauffant de forme tubulaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1290381A1 EP1290381A1 (fr) 2003-03-12
EP1290381B1 true EP1290381B1 (fr) 2006-03-29

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EP01945250A Expired - Lifetime EP1290381B1 (fr) 2000-06-08 2001-06-05 Element chauffant de forme tubulaire

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EP (1) EP1290381B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1232781C (fr)
AT (1) ATE321985T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001267519A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60118378T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK1290381T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2261423T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1056768A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1315636B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001094861A1 (fr)

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GB2446159B (en) * 2007-01-30 2010-02-17 Zenex Technologies Ltd A heater for central heating and hot water supply systems
CN102767898A (zh) * 2012-07-20 2012-11-07 法罗力热能设备(中国)有限公司 一种加热水箱
FR2995069B1 (fr) * 2012-08-30 2018-12-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de chauffage electrique de fluide pour vehicule automobile
WO2017015593A1 (fr) 2015-07-22 2017-01-26 National Machine Group Réservoir d'eau chaude
CN105546621B (zh) * 2016-01-19 2016-12-14 齐大图 一种电热采暖设备以及采用该采暖设备的取暖系统
ITUA20162359A1 (it) * 2016-04-06 2017-10-06 De Longhi Appliances Srl Caldaia
DE102017207738A1 (de) 2017-05-08 2018-11-08 Mahle International Gmbh Elektrische Heizeinrichtung

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DE19732414A1 (de) * 1997-07-30 1999-02-04 Suhl Elektro & Hausgeraetewerk Durchlauferhitzer mit Dickschichtheizelementen
DE19741093B4 (de) * 1997-09-18 2006-05-04 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizflansch für einen wandinstallierbaren Warmwasserbereiter, insbesondere Kochendwassergerät
DE19825836B4 (de) * 1998-06-10 2006-10-05 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Aufbringen wenigstens einer Dickschicht-Heizleiterbahn auf einen Wasserbehälter und Wasserbehälter

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AU2001267519A1 (en) 2001-12-17
IT1315636B1 (it) 2003-03-14
ES2261423T3 (es) 2006-11-16
DE60118378D1 (de) 2006-05-18
ITMO20000122A1 (it) 2001-12-10
ATE321985T1 (de) 2006-04-15
WO2001094861A1 (fr) 2001-12-13
CN1434915A (zh) 2003-08-06
HK1056768A1 (en) 2004-02-27
EP1290381A1 (fr) 2003-03-12
DK1290381T3 (da) 2006-07-31
CN1232781C (zh) 2005-12-21
DE60118378T2 (de) 2006-12-07

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