EP1287154A4 - Nucleotides a commutation de charges - Google Patents

Nucleotides a commutation de charges

Info

Publication number
EP1287154A4
EP1287154A4 EP01946213A EP01946213A EP1287154A4 EP 1287154 A4 EP1287154 A4 EP 1287154A4 EP 01946213 A EP01946213 A EP 01946213A EP 01946213 A EP01946213 A EP 01946213A EP 1287154 A4 EP1287154 A4 EP 1287154A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
charge
switch nucleotides
nucleotides
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP01946213A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1287154A1 (fr
Inventor
John G K Williams
Gregory R Bashford
Jiyan Chen
Dan Draney
Nara Narayanan
Bambi L Reynolds
Pamela Sheaff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pacific Biosciences of California Inc
Original Assignee
Pacific Biosciences of California Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/876,374 external-priority patent/US6936702B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/876,375 external-priority patent/US6869764B2/en
Application filed by Pacific Biosciences of California Inc filed Critical Pacific Biosciences of California Inc
Priority to EP09008795.8A priority Critical patent/EP2226330B1/fr
Priority to EP12172239.1A priority patent/EP2634263B1/fr
Priority to EP16180833.2A priority patent/EP3112478B1/fr
Publication of EP1287154A1 publication Critical patent/EP1287154A1/fr
Publication of EP1287154A4 publication Critical patent/EP1287154A4/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
    • C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
    • C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
    • C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
    • C07H19/10—Pyrimidine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
    • C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
    • C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
    • C07H19/16—Purine radicals
    • C07H19/20—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6869—Methods for sequencing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B40/00—Libraries per se, e.g. arrays, mixtures

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
EP01946213A 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Nucleotides a commutation de charges Ceased EP1287154A4 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09008795.8A EP2226330B1 (fr) 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Nucléotides à commutation de charge
EP12172239.1A EP2634263B1 (fr) 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Procédé de séquençage d'acides nucléiques à base de nucléotides à commutation de charge
EP16180833.2A EP3112478B1 (fr) 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Procédé de séquençage d'acides nucléiques basé sur des nucléotides à commutation de charges

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20989600P 2000-06-07 2000-06-07
US209896P 2000-06-07
US28623801P 2001-04-24 2001-04-24
US286238P 2001-04-24
US876374 2001-06-06
US09/876,374 US6936702B2 (en) 2000-06-07 2001-06-06 Charge-switch nucleotides
US876375 2001-06-06
US09/876,375 US6869764B2 (en) 2000-06-07 2001-06-06 Nucleic acid sequencing using charge-switch nucleotides
PCT/US2001/018699 WO2001094609A1 (fr) 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Nucleotides a commutation de charges

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12172239.1A Division EP2634263B1 (fr) 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Procédé de séquençage d'acides nucléiques à base de nucléotides à commutation de charge
EP16180833.2A Division EP3112478B1 (fr) 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Procédé de séquençage d'acides nucléiques basé sur des nucléotides à commutation de charges

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1287154A1 EP1287154A1 (fr) 2003-03-05
EP1287154A4 true EP1287154A4 (fr) 2010-12-15

Family

ID=27498783

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01946213A Ceased EP1287154A4 (fr) 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Nucleotides a commutation de charges
EP09008795.8A Expired - Lifetime EP2226330B1 (fr) 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Nucléotides à commutation de charge

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09008795.8A Expired - Lifetime EP2226330B1 (fr) 2000-06-07 2001-06-07 Nucléotides à commutation de charge

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1287154A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004516810A (fr)
AU (1) AU2001268291A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2412567A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001094609A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7056661B2 (en) 1999-05-19 2006-06-06 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Method for sequencing nucleic acid molecules
WO2002044425A2 (fr) 2000-12-01 2002-06-06 Visigen Biotechnologies, Inc. Synthese d'acides nucleiques d'enzymes, et compositions et methodes modifiant la fidelite d'incorporation de monomeres
US7560254B2 (en) 2001-08-29 2009-07-14 Ge Healthcare Bio-Sciences Corp. Allele specific primer extension
GB0128526D0 (en) * 2001-11-29 2002-01-23 Amersham Pharm Biotech Uk Ltd Nucleotide analogues
WO2003080861A1 (fr) * 2002-03-22 2003-10-02 MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Sequençage de molecule unique au moyen de nucleotides marques par des phosphates
DE10224339A1 (de) * 2002-05-29 2003-12-11 Axaron Bioscience Ag Verfahren zur hochparallelen Nukleinsäuresequenzierung
JP4643263B2 (ja) * 2002-08-29 2011-03-02 ジーイー・ヘルスケア・バイオサイエンス・コーポレイション 対立遺伝子特異的プライマー伸長
DK1546354T3 (da) * 2002-08-29 2010-08-16 Ge Healthcare Bio Sciences Analytdetektion
ATE547535T1 (de) * 2002-08-29 2012-03-15 Ge Healthcare Bio Sciences Nukleosidpolyphosphate mit blockiertem terminalem phosphat
WO2004071155A2 (fr) * 2003-02-05 2004-08-26 Amersham Biosciences Corp Sequençage en phase solide
WO2004072304A1 (fr) * 2003-02-05 2004-08-26 Amersham Biosciences Corp Amplification d'acides nucleiques
US7170050B2 (en) 2004-09-17 2007-01-30 Pacific Biosciences Of California, Inc. Apparatus and methods for optical analysis of molecules
CA2991818C (fr) 2008-03-28 2022-10-11 Pacific Biosciences Of California, Inc. Compositions et procedes pour le sequencage d'acide nucleique
ES2641871T3 (es) 2010-12-17 2017-11-14 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Secuenciación de ADN mediante síntesis usando nucleótidos modificados y detección con nanoporos
CN102621214B (zh) * 2012-03-13 2014-10-29 美国哈佛大学 一种基于固态纳米孔对核酸分子进行减速及单分子捕获的方法
CA2869753A1 (fr) 2012-04-09 2013-10-17 Jingyue Ju Procede de preparation de nanopore, et utilisations de celui-ci
EP3674412A1 (fr) * 2012-06-20 2020-07-01 The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York Séquençage d'acide nucléique par détection de nanopores de molécules d'étiquettes
CN105102627B (zh) 2013-03-15 2018-10-19 纽约哥伦比亚大学理事会 用于检测样品中多种预定化合物的方法
WO2014144883A1 (fr) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Molecules marquees par des amas de raman destinees a l'imagerie biologique
KR102240166B1 (ko) 2013-11-17 2021-04-14 퀀텀-에스아이 인코포레이티드 분자들을 프로빙 검출 및 분석하기 위한 외부 광원을 구비한 통합 디바이스
WO2015148402A1 (fr) 2014-03-24 2015-10-01 The Trustees Of Columbia Univeristy In The City Of New York Procédés chimiques pour produire des nucléotides étiquetés
CN112903638A (zh) 2014-08-08 2021-06-04 宽腾矽公司 用于对分子进行探测、检测和分析的带外部光源的集成装置
MX2021007934A (es) 2014-08-08 2023-01-17 Quantum Si Inc Dispositivo integrado para el depósito temporal de fotones recibidos.
GB201414098D0 (en) 2014-08-08 2014-09-24 Illumina Cambridge Ltd Modified nucleotide linkers
US9921157B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2018-03-20 Quantum-Si Incorporated Optical system and assay chip for probing, detecting and analyzing molecules
CN107683337B (zh) * 2015-06-23 2021-10-22 深圳华大生命科学研究院 微孔电极及分析化学物质的方法
CN111148850A (zh) 2017-07-24 2020-05-12 宽腾矽公司 高强度经标记的反应物组合物及用于测序的方法
CN111051324A (zh) * 2018-02-16 2020-04-21 伊鲁米纳公司 经标记核苷酸及其用途
CA3127102A1 (fr) 2019-01-23 2020-07-30 Quantum-Si Incorporated Compositions de reactifs marques a haute intensite et methodes de sequencage
WO2020172197A1 (fr) 2019-02-19 2020-08-27 Ultima Genomics, Inc. Lieurs et procédés de détection et de séquençage optiques
US11807851B1 (en) 2020-02-18 2023-11-07 Ultima Genomics, Inc. Modified polynucleotides and uses thereof
CN115028547B (zh) * 2022-05-17 2023-09-12 浙江华伟医药科技有限公司 一种邻氨基苯甲酰胺的微通道化学合成方法
CN116375780B (zh) * 2023-06-02 2023-08-15 山东大学 一种用于识别gtp结合蛋白的光亲和探针及其制备方法和应用

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5260433A (en) * 1982-06-23 1993-11-09 Enzo Diagnostics, Inc. Saccharide specific binding system labeled nucleotides
US5302509A (en) * 1989-08-14 1994-04-12 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Method for sequencing polynucleotides
WO1997000967A1 (fr) * 1995-06-23 1997-01-09 Baylor College Of Medicine Nouvelles amorces marquees au colorant, ribonucleotides, desoxyribonucleotides et didesoxyribonucleotides servant a effectuer une analyse automatique d'adn et a mettre en application des methodes de detection et d'amplification homogenes
EP0967219A1 (fr) * 1997-07-11 1999-12-29 The Institute Of Physical & Chemical Research Composes possedant une fonction de transfert d'energie et procede de sequencage des bases d'adn a l'aide de ces composes

Family Cites Families (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3687808A (en) 1969-08-14 1972-08-29 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Synthetic polynucleotides
US3996345A (en) 1974-08-12 1976-12-07 Syva Company Fluorescence quenching with immunological pairs in immunoassays
US4351760A (en) 1979-09-07 1982-09-28 Syva Company Novel alkyl substituted fluorescent compounds and polyamino acid conjugates
US4458066A (en) 1980-02-29 1984-07-03 University Patents, Inc. Process for preparing polynucleotides
US4415732A (en) 1981-03-27 1983-11-15 University Patents, Inc. Phosphoramidite compounds and processes
US4973679A (en) 1981-03-27 1990-11-27 University Patents, Inc. Process for oligonucleo tide synthesis using phosphormidite intermediates
US4711955A (en) 1981-04-17 1987-12-08 Yale University Modified nucleotides and methods of preparing and using same
CA1223831A (fr) * 1982-06-23 1987-07-07 Dean Engelhardt Nucleotides modifies, methodes de preparation et d'utilisation et composes les contenant
DE3329892A1 (de) 1983-08-18 1985-03-07 Köster, Hubert, Prof. Dr., 2000 Hamburg Verfahren zur herstellung von oligonucleotiden
US4739044A (en) 1985-06-13 1988-04-19 Amgen Method for derivitization of polynucleotides
US4757141A (en) 1985-08-26 1988-07-12 Applied Biosystems, Incorporated Amino-derivatized phosphite and phosphate linking agents, phosphoramidite precursors, and useful conjugates thereof
US4855225A (en) 1986-02-07 1989-08-08 Applied Biosystems, Inc. Method of detecting electrophoretically separated oligonucleotides
FR2596761B1 (fr) 1986-04-08 1988-05-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Derives de nucleosides et leur utilisation pour la synthese d'oligonucleotides
US5047519A (en) 1986-07-02 1991-09-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Alkynylamino-nucleotides
US5151507A (en) 1986-07-02 1992-09-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Alkynylamino-nucleotides
US4793705A (en) 1987-10-07 1988-12-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Single molecule tracking
US5231191A (en) 1987-12-24 1993-07-27 Applied Biosystems, Inc. Rhodamine phosphoramidite compounds
US4979824A (en) 1989-05-26 1990-12-25 Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University High sensitivity fluorescent single particle and single molecule detection apparatus and method
US6984487B1 (en) 1989-08-22 2006-01-10 Hsc Research Development Corporation Cystic fibrosis gene
US5578443A (en) 1991-03-06 1996-11-26 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota DNA sequence-based HLA typing method
US5846717A (en) * 1996-01-24 1998-12-08 Third Wave Technologies, Inc. Detection of nucleic acid sequences by invader-directed cleavage
US5605662A (en) 1993-11-01 1997-02-25 Nanogen, Inc. Active programmable electronic devices for molecular biological analysis and diagnostics
US5681940A (en) 1994-11-02 1997-10-28 Icn Pharmaceuticals Sugar modified nucleosides and oligonucleotides
US5795782A (en) 1995-03-17 1998-08-18 President & Fellows Of Harvard College Characterization of individual polymer molecules based on monomer-interface interactions
US5814524A (en) 1995-12-14 1998-09-29 Trustees Of Tufts College Optical sensor apparatus for far-field viewing and making optical analytical measurements at remote locations
GB9626815D0 (en) * 1996-12-23 1997-02-12 Cemu Bioteknik Ab Method of sequencing DNA
US6232075B1 (en) 1998-12-14 2001-05-15 Li-Cor, Inc. Heterogeneous assay for pyrophosphate detection
US6323186B1 (en) * 1999-09-17 2001-11-27 Molecular Probes, Inc. Phosphate-bound polyazaindacene derivatives of nucleotides

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5260433A (en) * 1982-06-23 1993-11-09 Enzo Diagnostics, Inc. Saccharide specific binding system labeled nucleotides
US5302509A (en) * 1989-08-14 1994-04-12 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Method for sequencing polynucleotides
WO1997000967A1 (fr) * 1995-06-23 1997-01-09 Baylor College Of Medicine Nouvelles amorces marquees au colorant, ribonucleotides, desoxyribonucleotides et didesoxyribonucleotides servant a effectuer une analyse automatique d'adn et a mettre en application des methodes de detection et d'amplification homogenes
EP0967219A1 (fr) * 1997-07-11 1999-12-29 The Institute Of Physical & Chemical Research Composes possedant une fonction de transfert d'energie et procede de sequencage des bases d'adn a l'aide de ces composes

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GOODWIN P M ET AL: "APPLICATION OF SINGLE MOLECULE DETECTION TO DNA SEQUENCING", NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES, MARCEL DEKKER, INC, US, vol. 16, no. 5/06, 1 January 1997 (1997-01-01), pages 543 - 550, XP001109270, ISSN: 0732-8311 *
K. C. TSOU ET AL.: "Indigogenic Phosphodiesters as Potential Chromogenic Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents", JOURNAL OF MEDICIANL CHEMISTRY, vol. 25, no. 12, 1972, pages 1221 - 1225, XP002591210 *
RONAGHI ET AL: "A SEQUENCING METHOD BASED ON REAL-TIME PYROPHOSPHATE", SCIENCE, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, WASHINGTON, DC; US LNKD- DOI:10.1126/SCIENCE.281.5375.363, vol. 281, 17 July 1998 (1998-07-17), pages 363 - 365, XP002135869, ISSN: 0036-8075 *
See also references of WO0194609A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001094609A1 (fr) 2001-12-13
JP2004516810A (ja) 2004-06-10
EP2226330B1 (fr) 2013-09-18
CA2412567A1 (fr) 2001-12-13
EP2226330A1 (fr) 2010-09-08
AU2001268291A1 (en) 2001-12-17
EP1287154A1 (fr) 2003-03-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1287154A4 (fr) Nucleotides a commutation de charges
DE60105852D1 (en) Fluidmischsystem
AU8274301A (en) Electro-powder
DE50104081D1 (en) Hydrolager
DE50105205D1 (en) Creatinin-biosensor
AU6803901A (en) Bis-arylsulfones
DE50110569D1 (en) Substituierte c-cyclohexylmethylamin-derivate
DE50107376D1 (en) Orientierte acrylathotmelts
DE50102859D1 (en) Hochfliessfähige propylenblockcopolymerisate
DE50112014D1 (en) Stiftheizer
AU9385201A (en) Sulfonylguanidine
DE50107703D1 (en) Creatininsensor-kalibration
DE50008626D1 (en) Substituierte aminomethyl-phenyl-cyclohexanderivate
AU6619001A (en) Liquid-pourers
DE50008447D1 (en) Aminomethyl-phenyl-cyclohexanonderivate
DE60114837D1 (en) Signalmessung
DE50114303D1 (en) Nsaugluftkanal
AU6424701A (en) Gasc1 gene
DE50114375D1 (en) Compound-reibungsvakuumpumpe
AU9187601A (en) Triazolo-epothilones
AU4686401A (en) Hypotensors
DE50100877D1 (en) Thermoverformbares verbundmaterial
DE50006446D1 (en) Otoplastik
GB0028849D0 (en) Improved keysheath
AU4831301A (en) Gm-negative ehv-mutants

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20021212

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: LI-COR, INC.

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA, INC.

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20101111

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: C12Q 1/68 20060101ALI20101105BHEP

Ipc: C07H 19/20 20060101ALI20101105BHEP

Ipc: C07H 19/10 20060101AFI20101105BHEP

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20110404

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R003

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED

18R Application refused

Effective date: 20120619