EP1287096B1 - Verfahren zum regenerieren eines partikelfilters und vorrichtung zum durchfuhren des verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zum regenerieren eines partikelfilters und vorrichtung zum durchfuhren des verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1287096B1
EP1287096B1 EP01940698A EP01940698A EP1287096B1 EP 1287096 B1 EP1287096 B1 EP 1287096B1 EP 01940698 A EP01940698 A EP 01940698A EP 01940698 A EP01940698 A EP 01940698A EP 1287096 B1 EP1287096 B1 EP 1287096B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
hydroxyl groups
molecular weight
filter
molecule
low molecular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP01940698A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1287096A1 (de
Inventor
Frédéric DIONNET
Olivier Trohel
Jean-Paul Morin
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Centre dEtudes et de Recherche Technologique en Aerothermique et Moteur CERTAM
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Centre dEtudes et de Recherche Technologique en Aerothermique et Moteur CERTAM
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1828—Salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of regenerating particulate filters for an internal combustion engine.
  • particulate filters have been inserted into the exhaust gas ducts downstream of the combustion engines to retain these particles and prevent them from re-circulating in the ambient air.
  • the combustion of the particles retained on the filter is improved by increasing the temperature of said filter, for example, by the use of heating devices around the filters, such as electric resistors or burners.
  • This approach has many disadvantages. Firstly, the additional supply of energy necessary for combustion, in the form of heat is expensive, on the other hand, the high temperatures used continuously, lead rapidly to the degradation of the filters which then have a lifetime scaled down.
  • a second approach has been to develop processes for decreasing the temperature at which particles can be removed. This decrease in the combustion temperature of the particles on the filter has been obtained by adding, in the fuel, various additives, for example organometallic compounds.
  • organometallic compounds act as a catalyst, promoting the combustion of the particles deposited on the filter.
  • their use can sometimes lead to sudden ignition of the particles on the filter which therefore undergoes significant thermal shocks.
  • these organometallic compounds produce, during their combustion, additional deposits of metal particles on the filter and have the major disadvantage of considerably increasing the cost of the process.
  • US Patent No. 5,055,112 discloses a particular type of chemical compounds, the use of which as additives added to the fuel makes it possible to reduce the particulate matter from the combustion of diesel engines without the disadvantages of the use of organometallic derivatives.
  • additives include aliphatic 1,2 diol compounds having 6 to 24 carbon atoms. These compounds consisting only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen have the advantage of producing additional residues during their combustion.
  • US Patent No. 4,576,617 discloses the use of organic products of the general formula C x H y O z as a heating fuel for regenerating a particulate filter. The process requires preheating said organic before reaching the filter.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by means of a regeneration method of a particulate filter placed on the exhaust pipe of the gases emitted by an internal combustion engine, consisting of burning the particles retained in the filter in the presence of at least one molecule of low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups, said molecule having a molecular weight of less than 100, characterized in that hydroxyl radicals are released in the cold, resulting in a decrease in the temperature necessary for the spontaneous combustion of the particles retained in said filter.
  • the process of the invention is remarkable in that it makes it possible to eliminate almost all the particles resulting from combustion so as to have a clean filter.
  • the Applicant has found that these additives thus added have the effect of a significant decrease in the combustion temperature of the particles on the filters.
  • the molecules of low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups making it possible to more effectively reduce the combustion temperature of the particles on the filter are in the liquid state at ambient temperature.
  • these molecules have a molecular weight of less than 100.
  • the invention preferably envisages organic compounds and advantageously glycerol and compositions containing it.
  • the chemical molecules used in the process of the present invention also have the advantage of not producing ash when they decompose by the effect of heat and thus not to produce residues during their combustion.
  • glycerol is produced industrially in very large quantities, as waste from the production of the ester rapeseed.
  • the Applicant has used these added molecules either directly in the exhaust pipe, immediately upstream of the particulate filter, or in the intake air of the engine, upstream of the combustion chamber.
  • the method of the invention therefore accepts at least the two following embodiments.
  • a first embodiment of the process of the invention consists of the supply, continuous or not, of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups, in the exhaust gas pipe upstream of the particulate filter.
  • the supply of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is carried out in the form of a solution whose concentration of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two groups hydroxyl is between 30% and 100% by volume, most preferably between 45% and 55% by volume.
  • the concentration of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups in the exhaust tube, upstream of the particulate filter is advantageously between a volume of 0.05 1 and 0.5 1 for a volume of 360,000 liters of exhaust gas, preferably between 0.1 1 and 0.2 1 for 360,000 liters of exhaust gas.
  • the solution comprising the molecules of low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is provided at a flow rate of between 0.1 and 1 1 / h, preferably 0.3 1 / h.
  • a second embodiment of the method of the invention consists of the supply of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups upstream of the combustion chamber, advantageously in the fuel.
  • the supply of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is carried out in the form of a solution whose concentration of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is between 1%. and 4% of the fuel volume, most preferably between 1.5% and 2% of the fuel volume.
  • the experimental protocol was carried out on a turbo-diesel engine with direct electronic injection, using a cordierite particle filter.
  • the solution used in the tests is formulated from 90% pure glycerol to obtain a working solution containing 50% by volume of glycerol diluted in demineralized water.
  • Figure 1 shows an installation diagram of the device above.
  • Figure 2 shows the comparison, in terms of pressure drop on the filter, expressed in bar, as a function of time for a filter that has not been injected with an additive or has been injected with glycerol. For an additive flow through the filter of 300 ml / hour.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the temperatures reached at the inlet of the filter as a function of the addition or not of the additives upstream of the filter.
  • the maximum temperature after addition of glycerol is less than 400 ° C.
  • the applicant has observed during its studies on the regeneration of particle filters, the effectiveness of certain small molecules with hydroxyl groups.
  • the mechanism of action of these molecules is probably related to their chemical structure.
  • the basic principle would be a release of hydroxyl radicals in the cold, resulting in a drop in temperature necessary for the spontaneous combustion of the soot deposited on the filters. This cold release would occur from 300 ° C or 400 ° C, while the same radical is manufactured in a conventional hydrocarbon flame that above 1000 ° C, and would be possible only for molecules of the polyol type and having an OH group on each carbon atom.
  • the temperature at which the phenomenon occurs depends on the one hand on the conditions of the oxygen partial pressure prevailing in the exhaust pipe, and on the other hand on the soot flow rate. These two parameters are variables that depend on the operation of the engine, including its speed and load.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren des Regenerierens eines Partikelfilters angebracht in der Auspuffanlage eines internen Verbrennungsmotors, bestehend im Verbrennen der Partikel zurückgehalten in dem Filter abgegeben bei der Verbrennung eines Brennstoffes in dem Motor, im Beisein eines Zusatzstoffes enthaltend wenigstens ein Molekül enthaltend wenigstens zwei Hydroxylgruppen, besagtes Molekül habend ein Molekülgewicht geringer als 100 charakterisiert dadurch, dass Hydroxylradikale kalt freigesetzt werden, zur Folge habend eine Verringerung der Temperatur welche nötig ist für die spontane Verbrennung der in besagtem Filter zurückgehaltenen Partikel.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, charakterisiert dadurch, dass die Verbrennung der in besagtem Filter zurückgehaltenen Partikel bei einer Temperatur geringer als 400°C stattfindet.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, charakterisiert dadurch, dass das Molekül mit geringem Molekulargewicht enthaltend wenigstens zwei Hydroxylgruppen ein organisches Molekül bestehend aus einer aliphatischen verzweigten oder nicht verzweigten Kette, enthaltend wenigstens drei Kohlenstoffatome ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, charakterisiert dadurch, dass das Molekül mit geringem Molekulargewicht enthaltend wenigstens zwei Hydroxylgruppen Glyzerol ist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, charakterisiert dadurch, dass das Molekül mit geringem Molekulargewicht enthaltend wenigstens zwei Hydroxylgruppen dem Treibstoff vor dessen Ankunft in der Brennkammer beigegeben wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, charakterisiert dadurch, dass das Molekül mit geringem Molekulargewicht enthaltend wenigstens zwei Hydroxylgruppen in der Auspuffleitung, vor dem Partikelfilter beigegeben wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, charakterisiert dadurch, dass die beigegebene Menge des Moleküls mit geringem Molekulargewicht enthaltend zwei Hydroxylgruppen zwischen 30% und 100%, in Volumen, vorzugsweise zwischen 45% und 55% in Volumen enthalten ist.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, charakterisiert dadurch, dass die Beigabe des organischen Moleküls mit geringem Molekulargewicht enthaltend zwei Hydroxylgruppen kontinuierlich stattfindet.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, charakterisiert dadurch, dass die Beigabe des organischen Moleküls mit geringem Molekulargewicht enthaltend zwei Hydroxylgruppen intermittierend stattfindet, während begrenzten Dauern.
EP01940698A 2000-06-06 2001-06-06 Verfahren zum regenerieren eines partikelfilters und vorrichtung zum durchfuhren des verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP1287096B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0007239 2000-06-06
FR0007239A FR2809765B1 (fr) 2000-06-06 2000-06-06 Procede de regeneration d'un filtre a particules et dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre du procede
PCT/FR2001/001746 WO2001094503A1 (fr) 2000-06-06 2001-06-06 Procede de regeneration d'un filtre a particules et dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre du procede

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1287096A1 EP1287096A1 (de) 2003-03-05
EP1287096B1 true EP1287096B1 (de) 2006-03-08

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EP01940698A Expired - Lifetime EP1287096B1 (de) 2000-06-06 2001-06-06 Verfahren zum regenerieren eines partikelfilters und vorrichtung zum durchfuhren des verfahrens

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Country Link
US (1) US20030124031A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1287096B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2003536007A (de)
KR (1) KR100747884B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE319793T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2001274201A1 (de)
BR (1) BR0111174A (de)
CA (1) CA2411755A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60117790T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2257415T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2809765B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2001094503A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7441403B2 (en) * 2004-12-20 2008-10-28 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for determining temperature set points in systems having particulate filters with regeneration capabilities
US7210286B2 (en) * 2004-12-20 2007-05-01 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for controlling fuel included within exhaust gases to facilitate regeneration of a particulate filter
US7461504B2 (en) * 2004-12-21 2008-12-09 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for controlling temperatures of exhaust gases emitted from internal combustion engine to facilitate regeneration of a particulate filter
US7434388B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2008-10-14 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for regeneration of a particulate filter
US20060130465A1 (en) * 2004-12-22 2006-06-22 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for controlling exhaust gases emitted from an internal combustion engine
US7076945B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2006-07-18 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for controlling temperatures of exhaust gases emitted from an internal combustion engine to facilitate regeneration of a particulate filter
FR2983902B1 (fr) 2011-12-12 2015-04-24 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede permettant d'optimiser le processus de combustion des particules polluantes emises par un moteur thermique d'un vehicule
CN114352380B (zh) * 2022-01-10 2022-12-02 岚士智能科技(上海)有限公司 一种碳化硅dpf的加工方法及设备

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4665690A (en) * 1985-01-14 1987-05-19 Mazda Motor Corporation Exhaust gas cleaning system for vehicle

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2548264B1 (fr) * 1983-06-16 1985-12-13 Renault Regeneration des filtres a particules, notamment pour moteurs diesel
JPS60122214A (ja) * 1983-11-30 1985-06-29 Tokyo Roki Kk 内燃機関の排ガス中の黒煙除去方法及び装置
US5501714A (en) * 1988-12-28 1996-03-26 Platinum Plus, Inc. Operation of diesel engines with reduced particulate emission by utilization of platinum group metal fuel additive and pass-through catalytic oxidizer
US5055112A (en) * 1989-10-30 1991-10-08 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Diesel particulate reducing 1,2-alkanediol additives
JPH0747743B2 (ja) * 1991-09-20 1995-05-24 太陽化学株式会社 燃料油用流動性改良剤
DE4423003C2 (de) * 1993-07-06 1999-01-21 Ford Werke Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reduzieren von NO¶x¶ in den Abgasen von Kraftfahrzeugverbrennungsmotoren
US5308365A (en) * 1993-08-31 1994-05-03 Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. Diesel fuel
GB9508248D0 (en) * 1995-04-24 1995-06-14 Ass Octel Process
US6080212A (en) * 1996-11-13 2000-06-27 Henkel Corporation Lubricants for diesel fuel
US6015440A (en) * 1997-10-31 2000-01-18 Board Of Regents Of The University Of Nebraska Process for producing biodiesel fuel with reduced viscosity and a cloud point below thirty-two (32) degrees fahrenheit

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4665690A (en) * 1985-01-14 1987-05-19 Mazda Motor Corporation Exhaust gas cleaning system for vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE319793T1 (de) 2006-03-15
AU2001274201A1 (en) 2001-12-17
EP1287096A1 (de) 2003-03-05
FR2809765B1 (fr) 2002-10-18
KR100747884B1 (ko) 2007-08-08
DE60117790D1 (de) 2006-05-04
KR20030022140A (ko) 2003-03-15
BR0111174A (pt) 2003-04-15
CA2411755A1 (fr) 2001-12-13
FR2809765A1 (fr) 2001-12-07
DE60117790T2 (de) 2006-11-30
JP2003536007A (ja) 2003-12-02
ES2257415T3 (es) 2006-08-01
WO2001094503A1 (fr) 2001-12-13
US20030124031A1 (en) 2003-07-03

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