EP0630398B1 - Brennstoffemulsionen - Google Patents

Brennstoffemulsionen Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0630398B1
EP0630398B1 EP93918743A EP93918743A EP0630398B1 EP 0630398 B1 EP0630398 B1 EP 0630398B1 EP 93918743 A EP93918743 A EP 93918743A EP 93918743 A EP93918743 A EP 93918743A EP 0630398 B1 EP0630398 B1 EP 0630398B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustible
fuel
weight
proportion
additives
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93918743A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0630398A1 (de
Inventor
Jean "El Presidente" Carretera De Cadiz Garnier
Carlos Villa Roma Miriel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elf Antar France
Original Assignee
Ecotec SARL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR9203069A external-priority patent/FR2688225B1/fr
Application filed by Ecotec SARL filed Critical Ecotec SARL
Publication of EP0630398A1 publication Critical patent/EP0630398A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0630398B1 publication Critical patent/EP0630398B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to improved emulsified fuels and the corresponding methods for reducing the consumption of fuels and the emission of polluting gases resulting from their combustion, said fuels being mainly composed (more than 50% by weight). fuel, water and a set of additives.
  • the invention relates more particularly to fuels as described above in which the set of additives, composed of minor amounts of sorbitan oleate, polyalkylene glycol, and alkylphenol ethoxylate, makes it possible to considerably reduce the emission of polluting gases such as carbon monoxide, further improving the combustion efficiency.
  • Air pollution is not only a health hazard, it also causes acid rain and therefore pollution of lakes and rivers.
  • PCT publication WO 86/00333 describes the composition of fuels intended to improve the combustion efficiency and consequently to save combustible.
  • the fuels described in this publication include fuel-water emulsions containing polyolefin additives.
  • this publication which is devoted to fuel economy, does not in any way address the issue of limiting pollution.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,877,414 describes the composition of emulsified fuels using relatively large amounts of surfactants as well as alpha olefins and alkyl benzenes.
  • the products prepared according to this patent are estimated to be very expensive, taking into account the levels of use of the additives designated as essential for achieving the desired goal.
  • emulsions tend to decompose quickly, especially when subjected to low temperatures. Attempts have been made to emulsify gasoline using the formula which appears most favorable in this patent, and it has been found that the emulsion decomposes within an hour. Similar attempts to emulsify diesel oil using this formula have resulted in an emulsion decomposing in one hour at low room temperature.
  • n ° 138513x relates to a Japanese patent n ° 52-69 909 which discloses an emulsified fuel comprising sorbitan sesquioleate and polyethylene glycol ether of nonylphenol, as emulsifier ( ⁇ ⁇ 20 ⁇ - ⁇ medium ⁇ 10% m).
  • This document teaches only the combination of the two additives.
  • it does not describe the use of polyalkylene glycol (PEG) as an emulsified fuel additive.
  • PEG polyalkylene glycol
  • JP is absolutely not comparable to PEG. This combination of only two additives does not provide satisfactory results in terms of pollution control and fuel economy.
  • the present invention solves the problems indicated above and makes it possible to obtain highly improved stable emulsified fuels which considerably reduce the polluting gases produced by combustion and which also make it possible to achieve significant savings in terms of real fuel consumption.
  • the fuels emulsified according to the present invention comprise specific quantities of fuel and water, as well as a set of additives in minor quantities.
  • This set of additives comprises, and preferably essentially comprises, specific amounts of sorbitan oleate, polyalkylene glycol and alkylphenol ethoxylate.
  • Fuels can be prepared quickly using simple in-line static mixers and add-on equipment, and remain stable at all normal ambient temperatures for at least about four months.
  • the subject of the invention is an emulsified fuel comprising specific quantities of fuel and a set of additives in minor quantities, said fuel containing from 5 to 35% by weight, of water, the set of additives being present in a proportion of 0.1% by weight minimum, preferably from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, and consisting essentially of specific amounts of sorbitan oleate, polyalkylene glycol and ethoxylate d 'alkylphenol.
  • the optimum fuels that can be prepared using this invention are 65 to 95% by weight of fuel (e.g. diesel oil, gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, coal dust), and 5 to 35% by weight, of water.
  • the optimum set of additives represents 0.1 to 0.5%, by weight, of the final emulsified fuel.
  • the optimum additive may also include a metal oxide such as magnesium oxide and a fuel blending agent such as diesel oil No. 2 to facilitate the premixing of the additive components.
  • the set of additives can comprise, in addition to the preferable components described above, toluene and alkyl benzene.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the optimal device for composing the emulsified fuels according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents the device 10 to be used preferably for the preparation of emulsified fuels according to the invention.
  • the device 10 consists of a fuel tank 12 adapted so as to be able to contain a liquid fuel such as diesel oil.
  • the reservoir 12 is connected by means of the conduit 14 to a first static mixer 16.
  • a non-return valve 18 is installed in the conduit 14 upstream of the static mixer 16.
  • a pipe 20 for supplying additives, equipped with a non-return valve 22, a pump 24 and an additive tank 26, communicates with the conduit 14 between the valve 18 and the mixer 16.
  • the additive tank 26 comprises the set of additives desired.
  • the outlet end of the mixer 16 is connected to the conduit 28, the opposite end of which is connected to a second static mixer 30.
  • a non-return valve 32 is located in the conduit 28 as shown.
  • a water inlet pipe 34 communicates with the conduit 28 between the valve 32 and the mixer 30.
  • the pipe 34 comprises a non-return valve 36, a pump 38 and a water tank 40.
  • the outlet of the mixer 30 leads to a storage area (not shown) for the final emulsified product.
  • the static mixer When preparing emulsified fuels according to the invention, it is preferable to thoroughly mix the additive assembly with the fuel before adding the water. If the order of these operations were reversed, the products obtained could be unstable. In addition, it was found that the static mixer must be constructed and used so that it produces internal pressures of at least 10 kg / cm 2 . All ingredients except fuel are used at room temperature; thus, for example, the liquid fuel is generally at a temperature of about 18 to 20 ° C, although during processing the product heats up at least slightly. It is also necessary to use bacteria-free water to improve the long-term storage stability of the final product. In particular, it is preferable to warm the fuel slightly before adding. The fuel should be heated to a temperature of about 30 to 60 ° C, preferably about 40 ° C. The average size of particles of the final emulsion should be 0.01 mm or less to get the best possible results.
  • the device represented in FIG. 1 is considered optimal from the point of view of production efficiency, but equivalent emulsified fuels can be produced by a system comprising a single mixer and suitable means for recycling the fuel / additive mixture to the using the mixer by adding water.
  • This type of mixer assembly was used to prepare the test fuels described in this document, and the static mixer employed had a length of 250 mm and a nominal diameter of 25 mm, and contained a total of nine internal static elements.
  • Liquid hydrocarbons such as gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene and fuel oil of almost any specific composition or type can be used.
  • coal dust can also be used as efficiently as fuel.
  • the proportion of fuel must represent 65 to 95%, by weight, of the total emulsified fuel, preferably Approximately 75 to 89%, and more preferably approximately 84%.
  • the proportion of fuel must represent 65 to 95% by weight of the total emulsified fuel, preferably approximately 75 to 85%, and more preferably approximately 79%.
  • the water must constitute 5 to 35%, by weight, of the total emulsified fuel, preferably approximately 10 to 30%, and more preferably approximately 15%.
  • the set of additives of the invention must comprise at least minor specific amounts of sorbitan oleate, polyalkylene glycol and alkylphenol ethoxylate.
  • the set of additives also comprises a metal oxide and a minor quantity of fuel mixing agent.
  • This complete set of additives must be present in the emulsified fuel at a level of 0.1% minimum by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1.5%.
  • the additive package accounts for 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
  • the additive package will include a toluene aromatic product and an alkyl benzene; this set must represent approximately 0.077%, by weight, of the emulsified fuel, and preferably 0.077 to 1.5% approximately.
  • the optimal fuel with this type of additive contains about 1%, by weight, of all additives.
  • the sorbitan oleate to be preferred is sorbitan sesquioleate, but other oleates can be used.
  • the preferable polyalkylene glycol is polyethylene glycol (but glycols such as polypropylene and polybutylene can also be used), with a molecular weight of approximately 300 to 500, preferably PEG 300. It is preferable to select an alkylphenol ethoxylate from the group of alkylphenol ethoxylates comprising approximately 4 to 15 groups of ethylene oxides per molecule; the alkyl part should contain about 6 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 9. The only preferable ethoxylate is the ethoxylate nonylphenol, which has about 9.5 ethylene oxide groups per molecule. It is preferable to choose magnesium oxide as the metal oxide, and diesel oil No. 2 as the mixing agent.
  • Table 1 TYPE OF COMPONENT OPTIMUM COMPONENT (S) GENERAL PROPORTIONS, BY WEIGHT OPTIMAL PROPORTIONS BY WEIGHT Fuel Diesel oils, gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, coal dust 84.7 79 Water Water 5-35 15 Sorbitan oleates Sorbitan sesquioleate 0.05-0.25 0.09 Polyalkylene glycol Polyethylene glycol 0.05-0.25 0.09 Alkylphenol ethoxylates Nonylphenol ethoxylate (9.5 moles) 0.05-0.25 0.09 Metal oxide Magnesium oxide 0.001-0.010 0.003 Fuel mixing agent Diesel oil n ° 2 0.010-0.040 0.027
  • each part of sorbitan oleate, of polyalkylene glycol and of alkylphenol ethoxylate represents approximately 0.1 to 0.5% by weight; when used, the fuel mixing agent may represent approximately 0.05 to 0.15%, by weight, and the metal oxide approximately 0.001 to 0.03%.
  • Table 2 TYPE OF COMPONENT OPTIMUM COMPONENT (S) GENERAL PROPORTIONS, BY WEIGHT OPTIMAL PROPORTIONS BY WEIGHT Fuel Diesel oils, gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, coal dust 65-95 79 Water Water 5-35 20 Alkyl benzene Dialkyl benzenes, MW 355-385 0.03-0.075 0.05 Toluene aromatic products Toluene 0.05-0.15 0.10 Sorbitan oleates Sorbitan sesquioleate 0.20-0.26 0.25 Polyalkylene glycol Polyethylene glycol 0.20-0.25 0.23 Alkylphenol ethoxylates Nonylphenol ethoxylate (9.5 moles) 0.20-0.27 0.24 Metallic Oxide Magnesium oxide 0.02-0
  • the additive used for these tests consisted of: sorbitan sesquioleate, 0.30%; polyethylene glycol, 0.3%; nonylphenol ethoxylate (9.5 moles), 0.30%; magnesium oxide, 0.01%; diesel oil No. 2, 0.09% - all these proportions given by weight. To obtain the additive, these materials were simply mixed. The complete fuels were produced according to the technique described above and by means of the device in FIG. 1.
  • the boiler which then operated with two burners, was supplied with emulsified fuel consisting (by weight) of 17% water, 0.3% additive and additional fuel oil. After a transition period, at 5:00 p.m., the combustion parameters were recorded; they are indicated in the attached table under "Sampling n ° 4 / Day 1".
  • Example 1 the fuel consumption of the boiler described in Example 1 was tested. Throughout the test, the following parameters were kept at a constant level: temperature of the burners, high flame 138 ° C, low flame 139 ° C; pump pressure 24 kg; injector pressure 19 kg; fuel temperature 57 ° C.
  • Emulsified fuels according to the invention have been tested in various vehicles in order to determine the levels of opacity of the combustion gases compared with those of a normal fuel.
  • a Citro ⁇ n BX from 1991
  • a Seat Terra 1 from 1990
  • a Magirus truck and a D7 Caterpillar from 1989 were tested.
  • the fuel used was diesel A for tests with normal fuel as for tests with emulsified fuel.
  • the emulsified fuels contained the optimum ingredients shown in Table 2, and had been composed using the on-line static mixer technique described above.
  • Opacities were measured by means of a probe placed in the exhaust pipe of vehicles. In fact, the tests made it possible to measure the content of unburned hydrocarbons. The results of the tests are summarized below: Table 4 OPACITIES VEHICLE GAS-OIL A PPM PPM EMULSIONED FUEL REDUCTION% Citro ⁇ n 4.3 0.3 93 Seat Terra 1 5.1 0.8 84.3 Magirus 5.5 1.2 78.2 Caterpillar 6.4 1.2 81.3
  • a 1991 Panda was also tested with normal octane 97 unleaded gasoline and a comparative fuel which was the optimum 20% water emulsion of the invention.
  • the carbon monoxide level recorded during the test with normal petrol was 7.3 PPM; this value fell to 0.3 PPM with the emulsified fuel.
  • the level of hydrocarbons with normal gasoline was 270 PPM, and with emulsified fuel 32 PPM.
  • a diesel oil emulsion comprising 20% water and prepared according to the form of the invention described in Table 2 was also tested on a Ford diesel truck.
  • a hose connected to the truck's exhaust was connected to the truck's air intake, and the engine therefore operated using its own exhaust gases.
  • the engine was kept running for four days without interruption, with emulsified fuel being added periodically. After this test, a very low level of carbon monoxide was observed in the exhaust, and it was assumed that air was trapped in the emulsion.
  • a comparative test was carried out using normal diesel oil instead of the emulsion; in this case, the engine stopped after a short period. The emulsified fuel was used again, and the engine did not stop running.
  • NO X , NO 2 and carbon monoxide levels were also measured: NO X levels were reduced by a factor of 25% with the emulsified fuel compared to normal fuel; CO levels have been reduced by a factor of 69%; and the NO 2 level increased from 505 mg / m 3 to 176 mg / m 3 with the emulsified fuel. Steam production by the boiler increased on average by 15% with emulsified fuel compared to normal fuel. Finally, emulsified fuel made it possible to achieve significant savings in fuel consumption, the average saving being 28%.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Treibstoff in Emulsionsform, der spezielle Mengen Brennstoff und eine Kombination von Additiven in demgegenüber geringerer Menge umfaßt und 5 bis 35 Gew.-% Wasser und mindestens 0,1 Gew.-% und vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 1,5 Gew.-% der Kombination von Additiven enthält, die im wesentlichen aus Sorbitanoleat, Polyalkylenglykol und ethoxyliertem Alkylphenol in speziellen Mengen besteht.
  2. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Brennstoff unter Dieselölen, Benzinen, Kerosinen, Masut und Kohlenstaub ausgewählt ist.
  3. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Sorbitanoleat Sorbitansesquioleat ist.
  4. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 3, bei dem das Sorbitansesquioleat in einem Mengenanteil von 0,05 bis 0,25 Gew.-% vorliegt.
  5. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 3, bei dem das Sorbitansesquioleat in einem Mengenanteil von 0,20 bis 0,25 Gew.-% vorliegt.
  6. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Polyalkylenglykol Polyethylenglykol ist.
  7. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 6, bei dem das Polyethylenglykol in einem Mengenanteil von 0,05 bis 0,25 Gew.-% vorliegt.
  8. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 6, bei dem das Polyethylenglykol in einem Mengenanteil von 0,20 bis 0,25 Gew.-% vorliegt.
  9. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das ethoxylierte Alkylphenol ethoxyliertes Nonylphenol ist.
  10. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 9, bei dem das ethoxylierte Alkylphenol in einem Mengenanteil von 0,05 bis 0,25 Gew.-% vorliegt.
  11. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 9, bei dem das ethoxylierte Nonylphenol in einem Mengenanteil von 0,20 bis 0,25 Gew.-% vorliegt.
  12. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Kombination von Additiven ferner spezielle, untergeordnete Mengen eines aromatischen Toluolprodukts und eines Alkylbenzols enthält.
  13. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 12, bei dem das aromatische Toluolprodukt Toluol umfaßt.
  14. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 13, bei dem das Toluol in einem Mengenanteil von 0,05 bis 0,15 Gew.-% vorliegt.
  15. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 12, bei dem das Alkylbenzol aus einem Gemisch von Dialkylbenzolen mit einem Molekulargewicht von 355 bis 385 besteht.
  16. Treibstoff nach Anspruch 15, bei dem das Gemisch von Dialkylbenzolen in einem Mengenanteil von 0,03 bis 0,075 Gew.-% vorliegt.
  17. Verfahren zur Verringerung des Ausstoßes an gasförmigen Schadstoffen, die von der Verbrennung von Brennstoffen herrühren, und/oder zur Verringerung des Brennstoffverbrauchs, das folgende Schritte umfaßt:
    - Mischen einer bestimmten Menge Brennstoff mit einer Kombination von Additiven und Herstellung eines Treibstoffs in Emulsionsform aus dem erhaltenen Gemisch, der 5 bis 35 Gew.-% Wasser enthält,
    - wobei die Kombination von Additiven in einem Mengenanteil von 0,1 bis 1,5 Gew.-% vorliegt und im wesentlichen aus Sorbitanoleat, Polyalkylenglykol und ethoxyliertem Alkylphenol in speziellen Mengen besteht,
    und
    - Durchführung der Verbrennung des Gemischs.
  18. Verfahren zur Herstellung des Treibstoffs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kombination der Additive vor dem Zusatz des Wassers vollständig mit dem auf eine Temperatur von 30 bis 60 °C erwärmten Kohlenwasserstoff gemischt wird, wobei die Mischoperationen in einem statischen Mischer unter einem Innendruck von mindestens 5.105 Pa durchgeführt werden und die Mischungsbestandteile mit Ausnahme des Kohlenwasserstoffs bei Umgebungstemperatur eingesetzt werden.
EP93918743A 1992-03-09 1993-03-09 Brennstoffemulsionen Expired - Lifetime EP0630398B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9203069A FR2688225B1 (fr) 1992-03-09 1992-03-09 Carburants emulsionnes a faible pollution.
FR9203069 1992-03-09
US92988992A 1992-08-11 1992-08-11
US929889 1992-08-11
PCT/FR1993/000229 WO1993018117A1 (fr) 1992-03-09 1993-03-09 Carburants emulsionnes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0630398A1 EP0630398A1 (de) 1994-12-28
EP0630398B1 true EP0630398B1 (de) 1997-05-21

Family

ID=26229331

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93918743A Expired - Lifetime EP0630398B1 (de) 1992-03-09 1993-03-09 Brennstoffemulsionen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0630398B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69310901T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2106363T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1993018117A1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7041145B2 (en) 2001-07-09 2006-05-09 Cam Technologie S.P.A. Fuel comprising an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon
US7491247B1 (en) 1997-12-12 2009-02-17 Jakush Edward A Fuel emulsion compositions having reduced NOx emissions
US7722688B2 (en) 2002-12-13 2010-05-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Fuel composition having a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel, water, a high molecular weight emulsifier, and a nitrogen-free surfactant including a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid or a reaction product of the hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid or reactive equivalent of such acid with an alcohol
US8511259B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2013-08-20 Cam Technologie S.P.A. Method for reducing emission of pollutants from an internal combusion engine, and fuel emulsion comprising water and a liquid hydrocarbon
CN106669959A (zh) * 2016-06-20 2017-05-17 中国矿业大学 一种细粒中煤的浮选药剂及其应用

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2746106B1 (fr) * 1996-03-15 1998-08-28 Combustible emulsionne et l'un de ses procedes d'obtention
WO1998054274A1 (en) * 1997-05-30 1998-12-03 Ju Heung Sung Emulsified fuel
ES2140350B1 (es) * 1998-06-30 2000-11-16 I Feliu Tomas Coll Un aditivo para realizar emulsiones estables de agua con aceites o grasas en forma de emulsiones o carburantes y utilizacion de dicho aditivo.
IT1314228B1 (it) * 1999-11-16 2002-12-06 Ernesto Marelli Carburante per motori diesel in forma di microemulsione e procedimentoper preparare lo stesso.
WO2001051593A1 (en) 2000-01-12 2001-07-19 Cam Tecnologie S.P.A. Fuel comprising an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon
GB0029675D0 (en) 2000-12-06 2001-01-17 Bp Oil Int Emulsion
AU2002330733B2 (en) * 2002-08-27 2009-02-19 Indian Oil Corporation Limited Surfactant composition including ethoxylate of CNSL
DE10245737C5 (de) 2002-10-01 2011-12-08 Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Additivmischungen für Mineralöle und Mineralöldestillate
US7182797B2 (en) * 2004-11-08 2007-02-27 Kenneth Mekonen Fuel compositions
DE102009019377A1 (de) 2009-04-29 2010-11-11 Herzog, Hans-Georg, Dr. Ing. Partikelfreier Dampf-Dieselmotor
CN102108313B (zh) * 2010-06-18 2013-06-05 上海纽孚尔能源技术有限公司 生物乳化柴油
ITRM20110694A1 (it) 2011-12-29 2013-06-30 Fuel S A E Emulsioni stabilizzate con tensioattivi di acqua in gasolio.
CA3125557C (en) * 2019-02-01 2023-03-28 Sergio Antonio Trevino Quintanilla Process for the production of an improved diesel fuel
CA3237233A1 (en) 2021-11-16 2023-05-25 Richard HEDIGER Method for producing of a fuel additive

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK468980A (da) * 1979-11-22 1981-05-23 Labofina Sa Braendstofblandinger til dieselmotorer og fremgangsmaade til deres frembringelse
US4877414A (en) * 1988-03-31 1989-10-31 Kenneth Mekonen Fuel compositions

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7491247B1 (en) 1997-12-12 2009-02-17 Jakush Edward A Fuel emulsion compositions having reduced NOx emissions
US7041145B2 (en) 2001-07-09 2006-05-09 Cam Technologie S.P.A. Fuel comprising an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon
US8511259B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2013-08-20 Cam Technologie S.P.A. Method for reducing emission of pollutants from an internal combusion engine, and fuel emulsion comprising water and a liquid hydrocarbon
US7722688B2 (en) 2002-12-13 2010-05-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Fuel composition having a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel, water, a high molecular weight emulsifier, and a nitrogen-free surfactant including a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid or a reaction product of the hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid or reactive equivalent of such acid with an alcohol
CN106669959A (zh) * 2016-06-20 2017-05-17 中国矿业大学 一种细粒中煤的浮选药剂及其应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69310901T2 (de) 1998-01-22
WO1993018117A1 (fr) 1993-09-16
EP0630398A1 (de) 1994-12-28
ES2106363T3 (es) 1997-11-01
DE69310901D1 (de) 1997-06-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0630398B1 (de) Brennstoffemulsionen
CA2248631C (fr) Combustible emulsionne et l'un de ses procedes d'obtention
JP2968589B2 (ja) 内燃機関用水性燃料とその製造方法
JPH11502242A (ja) ディーゼルエンジンにおける白金族の利用
CA2227141A1 (en) Methods for reducing harmful emissions from a diesel engine
US20090151231A1 (en) Process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using oily water
US6193766B1 (en) Alfalfa extract fuel additive for reducing pollutant emissions
AU2003243991A1 (en) Emissions control system for diesel fuel combustion after treatment system
US7111591B2 (en) Method of improving the operation of combustion particulate filters
US10752854B1 (en) Additive formulation and method of using same
US20040074230A1 (en) Method of oxidizing soot and reducing soot accumulation in a diesel fuel combustion after treatment system
EP1287096B1 (de) Verfahren zum regenerieren eines partikelfilters und vorrichtung zum durchfuhren des verfahrens
CA2482735C (en) Method for reducing combustion chamber deposit flaking
AU2003241736A1 (en) Method of enhancing the operation of a diesel fuel combustion after treatment system
FR2688225A1 (fr) Carburants emulsionnes a faible pollution.
US10894928B2 (en) Additive formulation and method of using same
KR102517046B1 (ko) 액체 연료의 연소 효율을 향상시키기 위한 연료첨가제 및 그 제조방법
BR112021023577B1 (pt) Formulação aditiva para um combustível
Fanick Diesel fuel keeping pace with diesel engine technology
JP2002138871A (ja) 液体燃料の供給方法
WO1979000029A1 (fr) Carburant pour moteurs a combustion interne a piston et a injection
CH291201A (fr) Combustible liquide.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19940920

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES FR GB IT NL

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19950503

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES FR GB IT NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69310901

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19970626

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: JACOBACCI & PERANI S.P.A.

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19970827

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2106363

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: TP

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

NLS Nl: assignments of ep-patents

Owner name: ELF ANTAR FRANCE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: PC2A

BECA Be: change of holder's address

Free format text: 980723 *ELF ANTAR FRANCE:TOUR ELF 2 PLACE DE LA COUPOLE, LA DEFENSE 6 COURBEVOIE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20040217

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20040302

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20040305

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20040317

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20040325

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20040430

Year of fee payment: 12

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050309

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050309

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050310

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050331

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *ELF ANTAR FRANCE

Effective date: 20050331

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20051001

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20051001

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20050309

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20051130

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20051001

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20051130

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20050310

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *ELF ANTAR FRANCE

Effective date: 20050331