EP1279084A1 - Voltage adapter assembly - Google Patents

Voltage adapter assembly

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Publication number
EP1279084A1
EP1279084A1 EP01925651A EP01925651A EP1279084A1 EP 1279084 A1 EP1279084 A1 EP 1279084A1 EP 01925651 A EP01925651 A EP 01925651A EP 01925651 A EP01925651 A EP 01925651A EP 1279084 A1 EP1279084 A1 EP 1279084A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
value
output voltage
output
adapter assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01925651A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1279084B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Yves Grandidier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OPTAREL
Original Assignee
Valorem
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valorem filed Critical Valorem
Priority to SI200130378T priority Critical patent/SI1279084T1/en
Publication of EP1279084A1 publication Critical patent/EP1279084A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1279084B1 publication Critical patent/EP1279084B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/32—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices
    • G05F1/34—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a voltage adapter assembly intended in particular, but not exclusively, to compensate for voltage variations of an electrical supply line of the electrical energy distribution network
  • the power supply lines of the network deliver a voltage which evolves over time Indeed, when the power demand suddenly increases, there are voltage drops at the end of the line in particular
  • Overvoltages can also be due to maneuvers on the lines, they can come from a switching at the level of the supply transformers, from the commissioning of highly inductive rotating machines, or from the imbalance of the three-phase network Or, the standards provide, for example in France in rural areas to date, that the effective voltage of the Low Voltage network must be between 230 V + 6 / -10%, that is to say between 207 and 244 V
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a voltage adapter assembly capable of rapidly responding to variations in the voltage of the supply line, in particular in the event of an overvoltage, and not producing cuts or micro-cuts on the line.
  • the adapter assembly comprises, a voltage adaptation device to which an input voltage VE to be adapted is applied and provided with voltage dividing means
  • control means for developing information representative of the ratio k to be applied to said voltage divider, - said measurement means delivering, with a periodicity T, values of output voltages, and said control means comprising
  • the measuring means which make it possible to measure the output voltage of the adapter supply information representative of said output voltage to the control means which produce information capable of applying an additional voltage to the input voltage VE in the case of '' a voltage drop compared to the nominal voltage or information capable of reducing the input voltage VE in the case of a voltage greater than the nominal voltage
  • k takes negative values
  • a forecast voltage called predicted voltage Vp re d is produced as a function of the output voltage values, which is an estimate of the voltage value for the future taking into account the past evolution of the voltage of output Vs This estimate makes it possible to prepare a correction to be applied to the voltage taking into account the possible drift which one notes In order to evaluate this drift, first of all, one compares the predicted voltage with a predetermined value V m m and a rapid regulation procedure is initiated
  • Vpred ⁇ Vmm Vmm is a configurable threshold value below
  • the adapter assembly further comprises an overvoltage switch and an anti-overvoltage resistance mounted in parallel with said primary winding of the means for summing the voltages, and means for controlling the open or closed state of said switch
  • the anti-overvoltage resistance is connected to the terminals of the primary winding means for summing the voltages, so as to compensate for the drop in load This resistance thus makes it possible to damp the rise in voltage, the time that the voltage dividing means adapt to the new state of the line
  • the anti-overvoltage resistance is connected to the terminals of said primary winding by a switch actuated by control means which are capable of receiving a closing signal produced by the control means.
  • said means for developing a predicted voltage value means for developing a predicted voltage value
  • Vpred generate a predicted voltage value Vpred at a time of
  • the predicted voltage value Vpred represents a reliable value of the voltage value expected in the near future
  • control means further comprise means for comparing said measured output voltage Vs with a
  • V max predetermined voltage V max and means for generating a closing signal of said overvoltage switch if said output voltage is greater than V m ax
  • control means analyze the output voltage Vs and a predetermined voltage V m ax corresponding to a voltage threshold not to be exceeded This voltage threshold corresponds to a certain percentage of the nominal voltage supplied by the supply line electrical
  • the analysis consists in comparing the output voltage Vs with a predetermined value and in connecting the anti-overvoltage resistance if this value is exceeded.
  • the measurement of the output voltage Vs and the comparison with the predetermined value Vmax are carried out at a high frequency in order to intervene very quickly on the line in the event of overvoltage
  • control means further comprise means for comparing said measured output voltage Vs to
  • the output voltage must also not drop below a certain voltage threshold Vmf When it is the case, an additional voltage is added to the output voltage at the output of the adapter assembly, depending on the rapid regulation mode
  • the adapter assembly further comprises, in the case of a three-phase network, a plurality of means for summing the voltages on each of the phases, whereby said means for summing the voltages are physically independent on each of the phases
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the circuit of the voltage adapter assembly
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the circuit of the voltage adaptation device comprising an input, voltage dividing means, means for summing up the input voltage and means for applying the voltage Vs to the output of the adaptation device,
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the circuit according to FIG. 2 to which the means for measuring the output voltage have been added, the control means and the control means,
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a flow diagram representing the three possible regulation procedures.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a flowchart representing the regulation strategy of the adapter assembly
  • the adapter device has an input E for receiving an input voltage VE to be adapted which corresponds to the power supply and a output S to deliver an output voltage Vs corresponding to a suitable voltage delivered to the user
  • the device also includes divider means 110 or switching transformer which is a variable ratio transformer k making it possible to develop an additional voltage Vp This
  • additional voltage is equal to k VE
  • the value of the additional voltage is determined by the control means 112 and by the control means 114 which determine the transformation ratio k to be applied as a function of the value of the output voltage Vs given by the measurement means 116
  • the measurement could also be made at the input E of the voltage adapter assembly
  • the dividing means 110 are connected to means for making the sum 118 of the input voltage VE and of a fraction k 'VQ of the additional voltage so as to obtain the output voltage VS, k' being the transformation ratio fixes means for making the sum 118 which are, in this case, a transformer with fixed ratio, called coupling transformer
  • the switching transformer 210 comprises a primary winding 220 at the terminals of which the input voltage VE is applied and a secondary winding 230 comprising, for example, six division outputs 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, and, 242, respectively connected to six switches C232, C234, C236, C238, C240 and, C242, which are also connected to the output of the voltage division means 210
  • a seventh switch connects the division output 232 to the output of the division means of tension 210 So, by choosing a switching of two switches, it is possible to vary the additional voltage, for example, from -8 to + 24% of the input voltage
  • the coupling transformer 118 comprises a secondary winding 246 to which the complementary voltage k 'VQ is applied and a primary winding 248 to which the additional voltage is applied
  • VD This transformer has a fixed ratio k 'and makes it possible to add to the
  • the adaptation device comprises an overvoltage switch 250 and an anti-overvoltage resistance 252 mounted in parallel with the primary winding 248.
  • measurement means 354 measure the output voltage of the adaptation device at a frequency multiple of that of the electrical network, ie for example 1000 Hz for a voltage of frequency 50 Hz, that is to say a periodicity of 1 ms
  • the signal is sampled by the measuring means so as to calculate the effective value of the tension
  • the measurement means 354 are able to provide a measurement of the output voltage value Vs to control means 360
  • the control means 360 comprise comparison means 361 for comparing the output voltage Vs measured by the measurement means 354 with a predetermined voltage Vmax which must not be exceeded or be exceeded for the shortest possible time.
  • voltage V m ax corresponds, for example, for electrical energy distributed at low voltage in France in rural areas to an excess of 6% of the nominal value 230 V, i.e. 244 V When the output voltage Vs
  • means 362 generate a signal capable of ordering the control means 363 to close the anti-overvoltage switch 250
  • the anti-overvoltage device is activated as a priority.
  • its activation is followed by a switching process of the switches C332 and C337 so as to be on a transformation ratio K equal to 1 for a certain duration which may be equal to 1 s
  • La deactivation of the over-voltage switch 350 intervenes as soon as the switching of the switches C332 and C337 has been carried out
  • the control means comprise means 364 for developing a predicted voltage value Vpred at an instant of measure t to
  • T being the period between two measurements of the voltage and has an integer.
  • T is 1 ms and a is 10.
  • Vpred is produced at an instant t, from the output voltage values measured at times t-10ms and t-20ms
  • An example of calculating the predicted voltage is given by the following formula
  • V 2 pred (t) 1, 8333 V 2 (t) + 0.3333 V 2 (t - 10ms) - 1, 1667 V 2 (t - 20ms)
  • This predicted value corresponds to an output voltage value estimated for a determined future, taking into account the values of the output voltage at time t, at time t minus half a signal period and at l 'instant t minus a signal period
  • the control means comprise comparison means 365 for comparing the predicted voltage Vp re d with a voltage
  • means 368 When the predicted voltage Vpred is lower than the threshold value Vmm, means 368 generate a signal capable of supplying information to the control means 363 so that they control the switches according to a so-called regulation procedure " fast "aiming to return immediately to a Vcible value equal to the setpoint voltage Vc This setpoint will generally be chosen close to the nominal value of the network This procedure will be described in detail in the following description
  • the control means also comprise means 367 for calculating the speed of variation ⁇ V of the output voltage Vs over n preceding periods and for comparing this speed of variation with a
  • V v This value is taken close to the product of the nominal voltage by the quantity ⁇ K which is the difference between two consecutive ratios K
  • ⁇ K the difference between two consecutive ratios K
  • V v will be worth 6 V per 60 ms, the variation being measured over 3 periods of the voltage
  • the means 368 develop a signal capable of supplying information to the control means 363 so that they control the closing of the switches according to a so-called rapid procedure
  • ⁇ V is less than V v means 369 develop a signal capable of supplying information to the control means 363 so that the so-called "slow" procedure is continued
  • the comparison means 361 also compare the output voltage Vs with a
  • V s is less than V i ⁇ f
  • the means 368 develop a signal capable of supplying information to the control means 363 so that they control the closing of the switches according to a so-called "rapid" procedure.
  • FIG. 4 we will now refer to FIG. 4 for describe the three regulatory procedures
  • the new transformation ratio will take into account the previous transformation ratio, a "target" voltage V ⁇ bie and the value of the voltage to be regulated V re g
  • the value of the target voltage V C ⁇ ble may be taken equal to the value of the reference voltage, which will generally be close to the nominal network voltage
  • the voltage to be regulated V reg may, for it is equal to the output voltage Vs measured at the instant t of the triggering of the rapid regulation, or the predicted voltage Vpred at this same instant
  • the slow regulation comes to replace the fast regulation on the triple condition that the output voltage is not lower than V m f, that the predicted voltage is not lower than V m ⁇ n , and that the variations of the voltage of output are slow ( ⁇ V ⁇ V v ) Under these conditions, you are allowed to change the transformation ratio by one notch (that is to say, you switch to the ratio immediately lower or higher than that activated previously ) at least ntemp seconds (ntemp integer) after the previous switching of the switches The duration of this delay ntemp is calculated so as to keep the flicker below the level of annoyance (this level of annoyance is characterized by an empirical curve connecting the variation of voltage at the frequency of this variation)
  • the "fast" regulation mode is the main regulation mode II is called in several cases, and differently according to each of these cases the difference lies in the target voltage values
  • V ble and voltage to be regulated V re g which are involved in the calculation of the new transformation ratio
  • the “slow" regulation procedure only authorizes the passage from one transformation report to another consecutive one and at the end of a time delay equal to ntemp seconds (ntemp integer)
  • ntemp seconds ntemp integer
  • V ble then equals the setpoint voltage and the voltage to be regulated V re g equals the output voltage Consequently, the difference observed between the output voltage Vs and the setpoint voltage (which may be the nominal network voltage) will be reduced by an increase or a decrease in the transformation ratio immediately higher or immediately lower, which corresponds, in the example considered, to a modification of approximately 2% of the output voltage
  • the predicted value does not exceed the predetermined threshold, that is to say that the output voltage does not seem to deviate significantly from the nominal voltage in the determined future, and taking into account nor does it seem to deviate from its nominal voltage in the near future
  • the difference observed between the output voltage V s and the nominal voltage or the setpoint voltage will be reduced by an increase or a decrease in the transformation ratio immediately higher or immediately lower, which corresponds, in the example considered , at a modification of approximately 2% of the output voltage
  • the time delay is in this mode, for example, of 18 s, that is to say that this ratio is maintained for at least 18 s Transformation
  • the "fast" regulation mode is called, in a first case when the output voltage is less than Vmf If the reliability index that one has of the predicted voltage value V pr ed is good, the target value V C ⁇ ble to calculate new transformation ratio will be worth the reference voltage Vc (close to the rated voltage generally), and otherwise, V ⁇ ble worth a value between Vc and Vmf the concept of reliability index will described during the complete description of the regulation flowchart In a second case, it is called when Vpred is less than Vmm If the reliability index is good, V C ⁇ bie will be worth Vc, and the voltage to be regulated Vreg will be worth the voltage of output Vs In the case where the reliability is insufficient, no action is triggered. We understand that this test allows to anticipate a decrease in Vs below Vmf, but the regulation is then triggered only if this prediction is reliable
  • the "fast” regulation is called when the variation of output voltage is greater than V v .
  • no action is triggered if the reliability is insufficient.
  • the “slow” regulation procedure is chosen in the other cases, that is to say when the output voltage Vs is less than Vmax and on the triple condition that V e ff is greater than Vmf, that V pre d is greater than V m ⁇ n and that V is less than Vv
  • the transformation ratio is applied according to 470 to be applied in order to return as quickly as possible to the target value V ⁇ ble.
  • This flowchart includes a test step corresponding to a conditional choice of regulation as a function of the reliability index of the predicted voltage value Vpred already mentioned in the description.
  • This reliability index makes it possible to know whether the prediction that has been made of the voltage value in a determined future is good or bad
  • this reliability index is measured by the calculation of the variance associated with the calculation of the predicted value Just as for the calculation of the predicted voltage, in general, we calculate at time t, as a function of the values of the voltage at times t t t - aT and t - 2aT, a
  • Var (t) 0.8975 V 2 (t) - 1, 795 2 V (t - 10ms) + 0.8975, V 2 (t - 20ms) larger the variance is low and the prediction value of the voltage is good Consequently, a threshold is determined above which it is estimated that the value of the predicted voltage Vpred is bad, and this is this threshold variance value which conditions, in certain cases, such or such regulation
  • the regulation process is controlled by a programmable automaton which, in accordance with the flow diagram of FIG. 4, first orders, according to the first test 582, to compare the value of the output voltage Vs with the maximum voltage V max
  • the anti-overvoltage mode 583 is triggered Nevertheless, there is a case where the anti-overvoltage resistance will not be connected when Vs> Vmax is the one where the overvoltage is caused by an imbalance in the network This case is detected by the fact that there is an overvoltage even though the transformation ratio kk 'is lower than the upper limit provided by the standard, ie 6% in the case of rural areas in France
  • the processor of the automaton performs a second test 584 comparing the value of the output voltage with the value V ) n f equivalent, for example, to 207 V (c i.e. - 10% of nominal value 230 V) If the output voltage is less than V f, the processor performs a third test 585 on the variance, and if it is less than the threshold it initiates the mode of regulation "fast" 586, with a value equal to V ⁇ ble Vc set, otherwise it triggers the control mode "fast" 587 with a target value V ble between V m and V m
  • a fifth test 589 on the variance is carried out, and if it is less than the threshold, the "fast" regulation mode 590 is triggered otherwise no new regulation mode is triggered If the predicted voltage is greater than Vmm.
  • a sixth test 591 compares the speed of variation of the voltage over the last n periods
  • test 595 is carried out, if its result is negative, the end of the time delay is expected and if its result is positive the "slow" regulation mode 593 is triggered, if this variation ⁇ V is greater than V v a last test 592 compares the variance associated with the value of the predicted voltage with the threshold value At the end of this comparison, the "fast" regulation mode 594, is triggered if the variance is less than said threshold, with a target value V ble equal to the output voltage n periods earlier and a value to be regulated V re g equal to the output voltage at time t, otherwise no new mode of regulation is not triggered
  • the adapter assembly according to the invention further comprises, in the case of a three-phase network, a plurality of means for sum the voltages on each of the phases, said means being physically independent on each of the phases

Abstract

The invention concerns a voltage adapter assembly comprising: a voltage adapting device, which includes: an input for receiving the input voltage V>E< to be adapted, voltage divider means (110) for producing a supplementary voltage V>D< equal to kV>E<, means for adding (118) said input voltage V>E< and a fraction of said voltage V>D< equal to k'.V>D< whereby is obtained an output voltage V>S<. The adapter assembly further comprises: means for applying said output voltage V>S< to the output of said adapting device, means for measuring (116) said output voltage V>S<; and control means (112) for producing an information representing the relationship k to be applied to said voltage divider.

Description

Ensemble adaptateur de tension Voltage adapter assembly
La présente invention concerne un ensemble adaptateur de tension destiné notamment, mais non exclusivement, à compenser les variations de tension d'une ligne d'alimentation électrique du réseau de distribution d'énergie électriqueThe present invention relates to a voltage adapter assembly intended in particular, but not exclusively, to compensate for voltage variations of an electrical supply line of the electrical energy distribution network
Les lignes d'alimentation électrique du réseau délivrent une tension qui évolue dans le temps En effet, lorsque la puissance appelée augmente soudainement, on observe des chutes de tension en bout de ligne notammentThe power supply lines of the network deliver a voltage which evolves over time Indeed, when the power demand suddenly increases, there are voltage drops at the end of the line in particular
Les surtensions peuvent également être dues aux manoeuvres sur les lignes , elles peuvent provenir d'une commutation au niveau des transformateurs d'alimentation, de la mise en service de machines tournantes fortement selfiques, ou du déséquilibre du réseau triphasé Or, les normes prévoient, par exemple en France en zone rurale à ce jour, que la tension efficace du réseau Basse Tension doit être comprise dans l'intervalle 230 V +6/-10%, c'est-à-dire entre 207 et 244 VOvervoltages can also be due to maneuvers on the lines, they can come from a switching at the level of the supply transformers, from the commissioning of highly inductive rotating machines, or from the imbalance of the three-phase network Or, the standards provide, for example in France in rural areas to date, that the effective voltage of the Low Voltage network must be between 230 V + 6 / -10%, that is to say between 207 and 244 V
En effet, les variations de tension présentent des inconvénients car il existe de nombreux appareils électriques et électroniques dont les variations de tension d'alimentation ne doivent pas dépasser un pourcentage déterminé de la tension nominale d'alimentation sous peine d'endommagement définitif ou momentanéVoltage variations have drawbacks because there are many electrical and electronic devices whose supply voltage variations must not exceed a determined percentage of the nominal supply voltage under penalty of permanent or temporary damage.
Afin de remédier à ces inconvénients, on a imaginé des appareils de régulation de tension utilisant des transformateurs à rapports variables mais dont l'autoconsommation est importante ou dont les coupures d'alimentation lors du changement de rapport de transformation sont indésirablesIn order to remedy these drawbacks, voltage regulating devices have been used using transformers with variable ratios but whose self-consumption is high or whose power cuts when changing the transformation ratio are undesirable.
Par ailleurs, de tels dispositifs présentent des temps de réponse élevés, ce qui peut provoquer des surtensions pendant des temps inacceptables du point de vue du distributeur d'électricité, lorsqu'un ou des utilisateurs déconnectent une charge brutalement Un objet de la présente invention est de fournir un ensemble adaptateur de tension apte à répondre rapidement aux variations de tension de la ligne d'alimentation, en particulier en cas de surtension, et ne produisant pas de coupures ou micro-coupures sur la ligne Pour atteindre ce but, selon l'invention, l'ensemble adaptateur comporte, un dispositif d'adaptation de tension auquel est applique une tension d'entrée VE à adapter et muni de moyens diviseurs de tensionFurthermore, such devices have high response times, which can cause overvoltages for times which are unacceptable from the point of view of the electricity distributor, when one or more users disconnect a load suddenly. An object of the present invention is to provide a voltage adapter assembly capable of rapidly responding to variations in the voltage of the supply line, in particular in the event of an overvoltage, and not producing cuts or micro-cuts on the line. achieve this object, according to the invention, the adapter assembly comprises, a voltage adaptation device to which an input voltage VE to be adapted is applied and provided with voltage dividing means
pour élaborer une tension additionnelle Vp égale à kVf, des moyensto develop an additional voltage Vp equal to kVf, means
pour faire la somme de ladite tension d'entrée VE et d'une fraction deto sum up said input voltage VE and a fraction of
ladite tension additionnelle VQ, des moyens pour appliquer une tensionsaid additional voltage VQ, means for applying a voltage
Vs à la sortie dudit dispositif d'adaptation, des moyens pour mesurerVs at the output of said adaptation device, means for measuring
ladite tension de sortie Vs , et des moyens de contrôle pour élaborer une information représentative du rapport k à appliquer audit diviseur de tension, - lesdits moyens de mesure délivrant, avec une périodicité T, des valeurs de tensions de sortie , et lesdits moyens de contrôle comprenantsaid output voltage Vs, and control means for developing information representative of the ratio k to be applied to said voltage divider, - said measurement means delivering, with a periodicity T, values of output voltages, and said control means comprising
- des moyens pour élaborer une valeur de tension prédite Vpred en fonction desdites valeurs de tensions de sortie , - des moyens pour comparer la tension prédite Vpred à une- means for developing a predicted voltage value Vp re d as a function of said output voltage values, - means for comparing the predicted voltage Vpred with a
valeur prédéterminée Vmm et pour déclencher une procédure depredetermined value V m m and to initiate a procedure for
régulation rapide si Vpred < mm - et-rapid regulation if Vp re d <mm - and -
- des moyens pour calculer la variation de la tension de sortie ΔV sur un nombre n de périodes de mesure, et pour comparer, si Vpred > vmιn. ladite variation de tension calculée à une valeur Vv prédéterminée de variation de tension et pour déclencher ladite procédure de régulation rapide si ΔV > Vv et pour déclencher une procédure de régulation lente dans le cas contraire- Means for calculating the variation of the output voltage ΔV over a number n of measurement periods, and for comparing, if Vp r ed> v mιn. said voltage variation calculated at a predetermined value V v of voltage variation and for triggering said rapid regulation procedure if ΔV> V v and to trigger a slow regulation procedure otherwise
On comprend que la tension V est la tension de la ligneWe understand that the voltage V is the line voltage
d'alimentation et que la tension de sortie Vs est la tension qui est délivrée chez l'usagersupply voltage and that the output voltage Vs is the voltage which is delivered to the user
Les moyens de mesure qui permettent de mesurer la tension de sortie de l'adaptateur fournissent une information représentative de ladite tension de sortie aux moyens de contrôle qui élaborent une information apte à appliquer une tension supplémentaire à la tension d'entrée VE dans le cas d'une baisse de tension par rapport à la tension nominale ou une information apte à diminuer la tension d'entrée VE dans le cas d'une tension supérieure à la tension nominale Dans ce cas, k prend des valeurs négativesThe measuring means which make it possible to measure the output voltage of the adapter supply information representative of said output voltage to the control means which produce information capable of applying an additional voltage to the input voltage VE in the case of '' a voltage drop compared to the nominal voltage or information capable of reducing the input voltage VE in the case of a voltage greater than the nominal voltage In this case, k takes negative values
Ainsi, selon une caractéristique particulière, on élabore une tension prévisionnelle dite tension prédite Vpred en fonction des valeurs de tension de sortie, qui est une estimation de la valeur de tension pour le futur compte tenu de l'évolution passée de la tension de sortie Vs Cette estimation permet de préparer une correction à appliquer à la tension compte tenu de la dérive éventuelle que l'on constate Afin d'évaluer cette dérive, tout d'abord, on compare la tension prédite à une valeur prédéterminée Vmm et on déclenche une procédure de régulation rapideThus, according to a particular characteristic, a forecast voltage called predicted voltage Vp re d is produced as a function of the output voltage values, which is an estimate of the voltage value for the future taking into account the past evolution of the voltage of output Vs This estimate makes it possible to prepare a correction to be applied to the voltage taking into account the possible drift which one notes In order to evaluate this drift, first of all, one compares the predicted voltage with a predetermined value V m m and a rapid regulation procedure is initiated
si Vpred < Vmm Vmm est une valeur seuι' paramétrable en dessous deif Vpred <Vmm Vmm is a configurable threshold value below
laquelle la valeur prédite Vpred ne doit pas descendre sous peine de débordement de la tension En fait, on réalise une prévision sur ce que sera la tension dans le futur, et si cette prévision est en dessous d'un certain seuil Vmm, on décide de réguler la tension selon un mode dit "régulation rapide" que l'on détaillera dans la suite de la description et qui permet de revenir très vite à la tension de consigne Ensuite, lorsque l'on a pris en compte la valeur de tension future et que la valeur prédite est supérieure à la valeur de seuil , on prend en compte la vitesse de variation de la tension pour déclencher une procédure de régulation rapide ou une procédure de régulation lente Les procédures de régulation rapide et lente seront décrites plus en détail dans la suite de la descriptionwhich predicted Vpred should not fall under pain of tension overflow In fact, it makes a prediction about what will be the tension in the future, and if this forecast is below a certain threshold VMM, we decided to regulate the voltage according to a so-called mode "rapid regulation" which will be detailed in the following description and which makes it possible to return very quickly to the setpoint voltage Then, when the future voltage value has been taken into account and the predicted value is greater than the threshold value, the speed of variation of the voltage is taken into account to trigger a rapid regulation procedure or a slow regulation procedure. The rapid and slow regulation procedures will be described in more detail in the following description.
Lorsqu'une surtension apparaît, selon encore un mode préféré de mise en oeuvre, l'ensemble adaptateur comprend en outre un commutateur de surtension et une résistance anti-surtension montés en parallèle avec ledit enroulement primaire des moyens pour faire la somme des tensions, et des moyens pour commander l'état ouvert ou fermé dudit commutateur Ainsi, lorsqu'une augmentation de tension apparaît, le plus souvent liée à une déconnexion de charge chez l'usager, la résistance anti-surtension est connectée aux bornes de l'enroulement primaire des moyens pour faire la somme des tensions, de manière à compenser la baisse de charge Cette résistance permet ainsi d'amortir la remontée de tension, le temps que les moyens diviseurs de tension s'adaptent au nouvel état de la ligneWhen an overvoltage appears, according to another preferred embodiment, the adapter assembly further comprises an overvoltage switch and an anti-overvoltage resistance mounted in parallel with said primary winding of the means for summing the voltages, and means for controlling the open or closed state of said switch Thus, when an increase in voltage appears, most often linked to a load disconnection in the user, the anti-overvoltage resistance is connected to the terminals of the primary winding means for summing the voltages, so as to compensate for the drop in load This resistance thus makes it possible to damp the rise in voltage, the time that the voltage dividing means adapt to the new state of the line
La résistance anti-surtension est connectée aux bornes dudit enroulement primaire par un commutateur actionné par des moyens de commande qui sont aptes à recevoir un signal de fermeture élaboré par les moyens de contrôleThe anti-overvoltage resistance is connected to the terminals of said primary winding by a switch actuated by control means which are capable of receiving a closing signal produced by the control means.
Selon un mode particulièrement avantageux de mise en œuvre de l'invention, lesdits moyens pour élaborer une valeur de tension préditeAccording to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, said means for developing a predicted voltage value
Vpred élaborent une valeur de tension prédite Vpred à un instant deVpred generate a predicted voltage value Vpred at a time of
mesure t à partir des mesures de tension de sortie aux instants t t - aT et t - 2aT Ainsi, la valeur de tension prédite Vpred représente une valeur fiable de la valeur de tension prévue dans un avenir prochemeasure t from the output voltage measurements at times tt - aT and t - 2aT Thus, the predicted voltage value Vpred represents a reliable value of the voltage value expected in the near future
Avantageusement les moyens de contrôle comprennent en outre des moyens pour comparer ladite tension de sortie mesurée Vs à uneAdvantageously, the control means further comprise means for comparing said measured output voltage Vs with a
tension prédéterminée Vmax et des moyens pour élaborer un signal de fermeture dudit commutateur de surtension si ladite tension de sortie est supérieure à Vmaxpredetermined voltage V max and means for generating a closing signal of said overvoltage switch if said output voltage is greater than V m ax
On comprend que les moyens de contrôle analysent la tension de sortie Vs et une tension prédéterminée Vmax correspondant à un seuil de tension à ne pas dépasser Ce seuil de tension correspond à un certain pourcentage de la tension nominale fournie par la ligne d'alimentation électrique L'analyse consiste à comparer la tension de sortie Vs à une valeur prédéterminée et à connecter la résistance anti-surtension en cas de dépassement de cette valeur Comme on l'expliquera plus en détails, la mesure de la tension de sortie Vs et la comparaison avec la valeur prédéterminée Vmax sont réalisées à une grande fréquence afin d'intervenir très rapidement sur la ligne en cas de surtensionIt is understood that the control means analyze the output voltage Vs and a predetermined voltage V m ax corresponding to a voltage threshold not to be exceeded This voltage threshold corresponds to a certain percentage of the nominal voltage supplied by the supply line electrical The analysis consists in comparing the output voltage Vs with a predetermined value and in connecting the anti-overvoltage resistance if this value is exceeded. As will be explained in more detail, the measurement of the output voltage Vs and the comparison with the predetermined value Vmax are carried out at a high frequency in order to intervene very quickly on the line in the event of overvoltage
De façon préférentielle, les moyens de contrôle comprennent en outre des moyens pour comparer ladite tension de sortie mesurée Vs àPreferably, the control means further comprise means for comparing said measured output voltage Vs to
une tension prédéterminée Vjnf < Vmm et des moyens pour déclencher ladite procédure de régulation rapide si ladite tension de sortie mesurée est inférieure Vmfa predetermined voltage Vj n f <V m m and means for triggering said rapid regulation procedure if said measured output voltage is lower Vmf
On comprend que la tension de sortie ne doit pas non plus descendre au-dessous d'un certain seuil de tension Vmf Lorsque c'est le cas, on ajoute à la tension de sortie une tension supplémentaire à la sortie de l'ensemble adaptateur, selon le mode de régulation rapideIt is understood that the output voltage must also not drop below a certain voltage threshold Vmf When it is the case, an additional voltage is added to the output voltage at the output of the adapter assembly, depending on the rapid regulation mode
Avantageusement, l'ensemble adaptateur comprend en outre, dans le cas d'un réseau triphasé, une pluralité de moyens pour faire la somme des tensions sur chacune des phases, par quoi lesdits moyens pour faire la somme des tensions sont physiquement indépendant sur chacune des phasesAdvantageously, the adapter assembly further comprises, in the case of a three-phase network, a plurality of means for summing the voltages on each of the phases, whereby said means for summing the voltages are physically independent on each of the phases
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après de modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexes sur lesquelsOther features and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the description given below of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
- la Figure 1 est une vue schématique du circuit de l'ensemble adaptateur de tension,- Figure 1 is a schematic view of the circuit of the voltage adapter assembly,
- la Figure 2, est une vue schématique du circuit du dispositif d'adaptation de tension comprenant une entrée, des moyens diviseurs de tension, des moyens pour faire la somme à la tension d'entrée et des moyens pour appliquer la tension Vs à la sortie du dispositif d'adaptation,FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the circuit of the voltage adaptation device comprising an input, voltage dividing means, means for summing up the input voltage and means for applying the voltage Vs to the output of the adaptation device,
- la Figure 3 est une vue schématique du circuit selon la Figure 2 auquel on a ajouté les moyens pour mesurer la tension de sortie les moyens de contrôle et les moyens de commande,FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the circuit according to FIG. 2 to which the means for measuring the output voltage have been added, the control means and the control means,
- la Figure 4 est une vue schématique d'un organigramme représentant les trois procédures de régulation possibles, et,FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a flow diagram representing the three possible regulation procedures, and,
- la Figure 5 est une vue schématique d'un organigramme représentant la stratégie de régulation de l'ensemble adaptateur On se référera tout d'abord à la Figure 1 pour décrire le principe général de fonctionnement de l'ensemble adaptateur de tension- Figure 5 is a schematic view of a flowchart representing the regulation strategy of the adapter assembly We will first refer to Figure 1 to describe the general principle of operation of the voltage adapter assembly
Le dispositif adaptateur comporte une entrée E pour recevoir une tension d'entrée VE à adapter qui correspond à l'alimentation et une sortie S pour délivrer un tension de sortie Vs correspondant à une tension adaptée délivrée à l'usagerThe adapter device has an input E for receiving an input voltage VE to be adapted which corresponds to the power supply and a output S to deliver an output voltage Vs corresponding to a suitable voltage delivered to the user
Le dispositif comporte également des moyens diviseurs 110 ou transformateur de commutation qui est un transformateur à rapport variable k permettant d'élaborer une tension additionnelle Vp CetteThe device also includes divider means 110 or switching transformer which is a variable ratio transformer k making it possible to develop an additional voltage Vp This
tension additionnelle est égale à k VE La valeur de la tension additionnelle est déterminée par les moyens de contrôle 112 et par les moyens de commande 114 qui déterminent le rapport de transformation k à appliquer en fonction de la valeur de la tension de sortie Vs donnée par les moyens de mesure 116 La mesure pourrait également se faire a l'entrée E de l'ensemble adaptateur de tensionadditional voltage is equal to k VE The value of the additional voltage is determined by the control means 112 and by the control means 114 which determine the transformation ratio k to be applied as a function of the value of the output voltage Vs given by the measurement means 116 The measurement could also be made at the input E of the voltage adapter assembly
Les moyens diviseurs 110 sont reliés à des moyens pour faire la somme 118 de la tension d'entrée VE et d'une fraction k' VQ de la tension additionnelle de manière à obtenir la tension de sortie VS, k' étant le rapport de transformation fixe des moyens pour faire la somme 118 qui sont, dans le cas présent, un transformateur à rapport fixe, dit transformateur de couplageThe dividing means 110 are connected to means for making the sum 118 of the input voltage VE and of a fraction k 'VQ of the additional voltage so as to obtain the output voltage VS, k' being the transformation ratio fixes means for making the sum 118 which are, in this case, a transformer with fixed ratio, called coupling transformer
On se référera maintenant à la Figure 2 pour décrire plus en détail le transformateur de commutation et le transformateur de couplage, ainsi que les moyens anti-surtensionWe will now refer to Figure 2 to describe in more detail the switching transformer and the coupling transformer, as well as the anti-overvoltage means.
Le transformateur de commutation 210 comprend un enroulement primaire 220 aux bornes duquel est appliquée la tension d'entrée VE et un enroulement secondaire 230 comportant, par exemple, six sorties de division 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, et, 242, respectivement reliées à six commutateurs C232, C234, C236, C238, C240 et, C242, lesquels sont également reliés à la sortie des moyens de division de tension 210 Par ailleurs, un septième commutateur relie la sortie de division 232 à la sortie des moyens de division de tension 210 Ainsi, par le choix d'une commutation de deux commutateurs, il est possible de faire varier la tension additionnelle, par exemple, de -8 à +24% de la tension d'entréeThe switching transformer 210 comprises a primary winding 220 at the terminals of which the input voltage VE is applied and a secondary winding 230 comprising, for example, six division outputs 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, and, 242, respectively connected to six switches C232, C234, C236, C238, C240 and, C242, which are also connected to the output of the voltage division means 210 In addition, a seventh switch connects the division output 232 to the output of the division means of tension 210 So, by choosing a switching of two switches, it is possible to vary the additional voltage, for example, from -8 to + 24% of the input voltage
Le transformateur de couplage 118 comprend un enroulement secondaire 246 auquel est appliquée la tension complémentaire k' VQ et un enroulement primaire 248 auquel est appliqué la tension additionnelleThe coupling transformer 118 comprises a secondary winding 246 to which the complementary voltage k 'VQ is applied and a primary winding 248 to which the additional voltage is applied
VD Ce transformateur est à rapport fixe k' et permet d'additionner à laVD This transformer has a fixed ratio k 'and makes it possible to add to the
tension d'entrée V une tension supplémentaire égale à k k' VE = K VEinput voltage V an additional voltage equal to k k 'VE = K VE
De plus, le dispositif d'adaptation comporte un commutateur de surtension 250 et une résistance anti-surtension 252 montés en parallèle avec l'enroulement primaire 248In addition, the adaptation device comprises an overvoltage switch 250 and an anti-overvoltage resistance 252 mounted in parallel with the primary winding 248.
On a représenté sur la Figure 3, le schéma de la Figure 2 auquel on a ajouté des moyens de commande pour commander les commutateurs, des moyens de contrôle et des moyens de mesure de la tension de sortie Vs A la base de tout dispositif de régulation, il est nécessaire d'avoir des moyens de mesure Sur la Figure 3 des moyens de mesure 354 mesurent la tension de sortie du dispositif d'adaptation à une fréquence multiple de celle du réseau électrique, soit par exemple de 1000 Hz pour une tension de fréquence 50 Hz, soit une périodicité de 1 ms En fait le signal est échantillonné par les moyens de mesure de manière à calculer la valeur efficace de la tension Pour ne pas alourdir la description nous parlerons de la valeur de tension pour valeur efficace de la tensionThere is shown in Figure 3, the diagram of Figure 2 to which have been added control means for controlling the switches, control means and means for measuring the output voltage Vs At the base of any regulation device , it is necessary to have measurement means. In FIG. 3, measurement means 354 measure the output voltage of the adaptation device at a frequency multiple of that of the electrical network, ie for example 1000 Hz for a voltage of frequency 50 Hz, that is to say a periodicity of 1 ms In fact the signal is sampled by the measuring means so as to calculate the effective value of the tension To not weigh down the description we will speak about the value of tension for effective value of the tension
En conséquence, les moyens de mesure 354 sont aptes à fournir une mesure de la valeur de tension de sortie Vs à des moyens de contrôle 360Consequently, the measurement means 354 are able to provide a measurement of the output voltage value Vs to control means 360
Les moyens de contrôle 360 comportent des moyens de comparaison 361 pour comparer la tension de sortie Vs mesurée par les moyens de mesure 354 à une tension prédéterminée Vmax qui ne doit pas être dépassée ou être dépassée le moins longtemps possible Cette tension Vmax correspond, par exemple, pour l'énergie électrique distribuée en basse tension en France en zone rurale à un excès de 6% de la valeur nominale 230 V, soit 244 V Lorsque la tension de sortie VsThe control means 360 comprise comparison means 361 for comparing the output voltage Vs measured by the measurement means 354 with a predetermined voltage Vmax which must not be exceeded or be exceeded for the shortest possible time. voltage V m ax corresponds, for example, for electrical energy distributed at low voltage in France in rural areas to an excess of 6% of the nominal value 230 V, i.e. 244 V When the output voltage Vs
est supérieure à la tension prédéterminée Vmaχ, des moyens 362 élaborent un signal apte à ordonner aux moyens de commande 363 la fermeture du commutateur anti-surtension 250is greater than the predetermined voltage V ma χ, means 362 generate a signal capable of ordering the control means 363 to close the anti-overvoltage switch 250
Le dispositif anti-surtension est activé prioritairement En outre, son activation est suivie d'un processus de commutation des commutateurs C332 et C337 de manière à être sur un rapport de transformation K égal à 1 pendant une certaine durée pouvant être égale à 1 s La désactivation du commutateur anti-surtension 350 intervient dès que la commutation des commutateurs C332 et C337 a été effectuéeThe anti-overvoltage device is activated as a priority. In addition, its activation is followed by a switching process of the switches C332 and C337 so as to be on a transformation ratio K equal to 1 for a certain duration which may be equal to 1 s La deactivation of the over-voltage switch 350 intervenes as soon as the switching of the switches C332 and C337 has been carried out
Ce dispositif permet à la fois de diminuer le pic de tension et la durée pendant laquelle la tension est supérieure à Vmax S0|t 244 V Les moyens de contrôle comprennent des moyens 364 pour élaborer une valeur de tension prédite Vpred a un instant de mesure t àThis device makes it possible both to reduce the voltage peak and the duration during which the voltage is greater than V m ax S0 | t 244 V The control means comprise means 364 for developing a predicted voltage value Vpred at an instant of measure t to
partir des mesures de tension de sortie aux instants t, t - aT et t - 2aT ,starting from the output voltage measurements at times t, t - aT and t - 2aT,
T étant la période entre deux mesures de la tension et a un entier Selon un exemple particulier, T vaut 1 ms et a vaut 10 Ainsi, la valeur de tension prédite Vpred est élaborée à un instant t, à partir des valeurs de tension de sortie mesurées aux instants t-10ms et t-20ms Un exemple de calcul de la tension prédite est donné par la formule suivanteT being the period between two measurements of the voltage and has an integer. According to a particular example, T is 1 ms and a is 10. Thus, the predicted voltage value Vpred is produced at an instant t, from the output voltage values measured at times t-10ms and t-20ms An example of calculating the predicted voltage is given by the following formula
V2pred(t) = 1 ,8333 V2(t) + 0,3333 V2(t - 10ms) - 1 ,1667 V2(t - 20ms)V 2 pred (t) = 1, 8333 V 2 (t) + 0.3333 V 2 (t - 10ms) - 1, 1667 V 2 (t - 20ms)
Cette valeur prédite correspond à une valeur de tension de sortie estimée dans un avenir déterminé et ce, en tenant compte des valeurs de la tension de sortie à l'instant t, à l'instant t moins une demi-période du signal et à l'instant t moins une période du signal De plus, les moyens de contrôle comprennent des moyens de comparaison 365 pour comparer la tension prédite Vpred à une tensionThis predicted value corresponds to an output voltage value estimated for a determined future, taking into account the values of the output voltage at time t, at time t minus half a signal period and at l 'instant t minus a signal period In addition, the control means comprise comparison means 365 for comparing the predicted voltage Vp re d with a voltage
paramétrable Vm Lorsque la tension prédite Vpred est inférieure à la valeur de seuil Vmm, des moyens 368 élaborent un signal apte à fournir des informations aux moyens de commande 363 de manière à ce qu'ils commandent les commutateurs selon une procédure de régulation dite "rapide" visant à revenir immédiatement à une valeur Vcible égale à la tension de consigne Vc Cette consigne sera généralement choisie proche de la valeur nominale du réseau Cette procédure sera décrite en détail dans la suite de la descriptionconfigurable V m When the predicted voltage Vpred is lower than the threshold value Vmm, means 368 generate a signal capable of supplying information to the control means 363 so that they control the switches according to a so-called regulation procedure " fast "aiming to return immediately to a Vcible value equal to the setpoint voltage Vc This setpoint will generally be chosen close to the nominal value of the network This procedure will be described in detail in the following description
Les moyens de contrôle comprennent également des moyens 367 pour calculer la vitesse de variation ΔV de la tension de sortie Vs sur n périodes précédentes et pour comparer cette vitesse de variation à uneThe control means also comprise means 367 for calculating the speed of variation ΔV of the output voltage Vs over n preceding periods and for comparing this speed of variation with a
Valeur Vv prédéterminée Cette valeur est prise proche du produit de la tension nominale par la grandeur ΔK qui vaut la différence entre deux rapports consécutifs K Par exemple, Vv vaudra 6 V par 60 ms, la variation étant mesurée sur 3 périodes de la tension Lorsque la vitesse de variation ΔV est supérieure à Vv des moyens 368 élaborent un signal apte à fournir des informations aux moyens de commande 363 afin qu'ils commandent la fermeture des commutateurs selon une procédure dite rapide, et lorsque ΔV est inférieur à Vv des moyens 369 élaborent un signal apte à fournir des informations aux moyens de commande 363 afin que la procédure dite "lente" soit poursuiviePredetermined V v value This value is taken close to the product of the nominal voltage by the quantity ΔK which is the difference between two consecutive ratios K For example, V v will be worth 6 V per 60 ms, the variation being measured over 3 periods of the voltage When the variation speed ΔV is greater than V v, the means 368 develop a signal capable of supplying information to the control means 363 so that they control the closing of the switches according to a so-called rapid procedure, and when ΔV is less than V v means 369 develop a signal capable of supplying information to the control means 363 so that the so-called "slow" procedure is continued
Les modes de régulation dites procédure "lente" et procédure "rapide" seront décrits plus en détail dans la suite de la descriptionThe regulation modes known as the “slow” procedure and the “fast” procedure will be described in more detail in the following description.
En outre, de préférence et par sécurité, les moyens de comparaison 361 comparent également la tension de sortie Vs à uneIn addition, preferably and for safety, the comparison means 361 also compare the output voltage Vs with a
tension prédéterminée Vmf < Vmιn> cette tension étant proche du seuil bas de la valeur contractuelle du distributeur Lorsque la tension de sortiepredetermined voltage Vmf <V m ιn > this voltage being close to the threshold low of the distributor's contractual value When the output voltage
Vs est inférieure à Viπf, les moyens 368 élaborent un signal apte à fournir des informations aux moyens de commande 363 afin qu'ils commandent la fermeture des commutateurs selon une procédure dite "rapide" On se référera maintenant à la Figure 4 pour décrire les trois procédures de régulationV s is less than V iπ f, the means 368 develop a signal capable of supplying information to the control means 363 so that they control the closing of the switches according to a so-called "rapid" procedure. We will now refer to FIG. 4 for describe the three regulatory procedures
Dans le cas de la régulation lente, le nouveau rapport de transformation tiendra compte du précédent rapport de transformation, d'une tension "cible" Vαbie et de la valeur de la tension à réguler Vreg Tel que nous l'expliciterons plus en détail dans la suite de la description, la valeur de la tension cible VCιble pourra être prise égale à la valeur de la tension de consigne, laquelle sera généralement proche de la tension nominale du réseau La tension à réguler Vreg pourra quant à elle valoir la tension de sortie Vs mesurée à l'instant t du déclenchement de la régulation rapide, ou la tension prédite Vpred à ce même instantIn the case of slow regulation, the new transformation ratio will take into account the previous transformation ratio, a "target" voltage V α bie and the value of the voltage to be regulated V re g As we will explain it more in detail in the remainder of the description, the value of the target voltage V C ιble may be taken equal to the value of the reference voltage, which will generally be close to the nominal network voltage The voltage to be regulated V reg may, for it is equal to the output voltage Vs measured at the instant t of the triggering of the rapid regulation, or the predicted voltage Vpred at this same instant
La régulation lente vient se substituer à la régulation rapide à la triple condition que la tension de sortie ne soit pas inférieure à Vmf, que la tension prédite ne soit pas inférieure à Vmιn, et que les variations de la tension de sortie soient lentes (ΔV < Vv) Dans ces conditions, on s'autorise à changer le rapport de transformation d'un cran (c'est-à-dire qu'on passe sur le rapport immédiatement inférieur ou supérieur à celui activé précédemment) au minimum ntemp secondes (ntemp entier) après la précédente commutation des commutateurs La durée de cette temporisation ntemp est calculée de manière à maintenir le scintillement en dessous du niveau de gêne (ce niveau de gêne est caractérisé par une courbe empirique reliant la variation de tension à la fréquence de cette variation) Le mode de régulation "rapide" est le mode principal de régulation II est appelé dans plusieurs cas, et de manière différente selon chacun de ces cas la différence réside dans les valeurs de tension cibleThe slow regulation comes to replace the fast regulation on the triple condition that the output voltage is not lower than V m f, that the predicted voltage is not lower than V m ι n , and that the variations of the voltage of output are slow (ΔV <V v ) Under these conditions, you are allowed to change the transformation ratio by one notch (that is to say, you switch to the ratio immediately lower or higher than that activated previously ) at least ntemp seconds (ntemp integer) after the previous switching of the switches The duration of this delay ntemp is calculated so as to keep the flicker below the level of annoyance (this level of annoyance is characterized by an empirical curve connecting the variation of voltage at the frequency of this variation) The "fast" regulation mode is the main regulation mode II is called in several cases, and differently according to each of these cases the difference lies in the target voltage values
V ble et de tension à réguler Vreg qui interviennent dans le calcul du nouveau rapport de transformationV ble and voltage to be regulated V re g which are involved in the calculation of the new transformation ratio
La procédure de régulation "lente" n'autorise le passage que d'un rapport de transformation à un autre consécutif et à la fin d'une temporisation valant ntemp secondes (ntemp entier) La tension cibleThe "slow" regulation procedure only authorizes the passage from one transformation report to another consecutive one and at the end of a time delay equal to ntemp seconds (ntemp integer) The target voltage
V ble vaut alors la tension de consigne et la tension à réguler Vreg vaut la tension de sortie En conséquence, l'écart constaté entre la tension de sortie Vs et la tension de consigne (qui peut valoir la tension nominale du réseau) sera réduit par une augmentation ou une diminution du rapport de transformation immédiatement supérieur ou immédiatement inférieur, ce qui correspond, dans l'exemple considéré, à une modification d'environ 2% de la tension de sortieV ble then equals the setpoint voltage and the voltage to be regulated V re g equals the output voltage Consequently, the difference observed between the output voltage Vs and the setpoint voltage (which may be the nominal network voltage) will be reduced by an increase or a decrease in the transformation ratio immediately higher or immediately lower, which corresponds, in the example considered, to a modification of approximately 2% of the output voltage
Cette procédure est dite "lente" car les menaces qui pèsent sur les écarts de la tension de sortie Vs par rapport à la tension nominale deThis procedure is called "slow" because the threats which weigh on the deviations of the output voltage V s from the nominal voltage of
230 V sont faibles En effet, la valeur prédite ne dépasse pas le seuil prédéterminé, c'est-à-dire que la tension de sortie ne semble pas s'écarter de façon importante de la tension nominale dans un avenir déterminé, et compte tenu de sa vitesse de variation elle ne semble pas non plus s'écarter de la tension nominale dans un avenir plus proche230 V are low Indeed, the predicted value does not exceed the predetermined threshold, that is to say that the output voltage does not seem to deviate significantly from the nominal voltage in the determined future, and taking into account nor does it seem to deviate from its nominal voltage in the near future
En conséquence, l'écart constaté entre la tension de sortie Vs et la tension nominale ou la tension de consigne sera réduit par une augmentation ou une diminution du rapport de transformation immédiatement supérieur ou immédiatement inférieur, ce qui correspond, dans l'exemple considéré, à une modification d'environ 2% de la tension de sortie Par ailleurs, la temporisation est dans ce mode, par exemple, de 18 s, c'est-à-dire que l'on maintient pendant au moins 18 s ce rapport de transformation Compte tenu de la vitesse d'évolution de la tension de sortie, on peut raisonnablement penser que les écarts de tension ne se produiront pas dans les 18 s qui suivent, d'une part, et d'autre part le fait que la commutation intervient toutes les 18 s évite de générer un scintillement gênant pour les usagers lorsque la variation de tension est de 2%Consequently, the difference observed between the output voltage V s and the nominal voltage or the setpoint voltage will be reduced by an increase or a decrease in the transformation ratio immediately higher or immediately lower, which corresponds, in the example considered , at a modification of approximately 2% of the output voltage In addition, the time delay is in this mode, for example, of 18 s, that is to say that this ratio is maintained for at least 18 s Transformation Considering the speed of evolution of the output voltage, one can reasonably think that the voltage differences will not occur in the 18 s which follow, on the one hand, and on the other hand the fact that the switching occurs every 18 s avoids generating an annoying flicker for users when the voltage variation is 2%
Le mode de régulation "rapide" est appelé, dans un premier cas lorsque la tension de sortie est inférieure à Vmf Si l'indice de fiabilité que l'on a de la valeur de tension prédite Vpred est bon, la valeur cible VCιble pour le calcul du nouveau rapport de transformation vaudra la tension de consigne Vc (proche de la tension nominale généralement), et dans le cas contraire, Vαble vaudra une valeur comprise entre Vmf et Vc La notion d'indice de fiabilité sera décrite lors de la description complète de l'organigramme de régulation Dans un second cas, elle est appelée lorsque Vpred est inférieure à Vmm Si l'indice de fiabilité est bon, VCιbie vaudra Vc, et la tension à réguler Vreg vaudra la tension de sortie Vs Dans le cas où la fiabilité est insuffisante, aucune action n'est déclenchée On comprend que ce test permet d'anticiper une baisse de Vs en-dessous de Vmf, mais la régulation n'est alors déclenchée que si cette prédiction est fiableThe "fast" regulation mode is called, in a first case when the output voltage is less than Vmf If the reliability index that one has of the predicted voltage value V pr ed is good, the target value V C ιble to calculate new transformation ratio will be worth the reference voltage Vc (close to the rated voltage generally), and otherwise, V α ble worth a value between Vc and Vmf the concept of reliability index will described during the complete description of the regulation flowchart In a second case, it is called when Vpred is less than Vmm If the reliability index is good, V C ιbie will be worth Vc, and the voltage to be regulated Vreg will be worth the voltage of output Vs In the case where the reliability is insufficient, no action is triggered. We understand that this test allows to anticipate a decrease in Vs below Vmf, but the regulation is then triggered only if this prediction is reliable
Dans un dernier cas, la régulation "rapide" est appelée lorsque la variation de tension de sortie est supérieure à Vv. De même que dans le cas précédent, aucune action n'est déclenchée si la fiabilité est insuffisante La procédure de régulation "lente" est quant à elle choisie dans les autres cas, c'est-à-dire lorsque la tension de sortie Vs est inférieure à Vmax et à la triple condition que Veff soit supérieure à Vmf, que Vpred soit supérieure à Vmιn et que V soit inférieure à Vv Dans les deux modes de régulation on élabore selon 470 le rapport de transformation a appliquer pour revenir le plus rapidement à la valeur cible Vαble Dans le cas de la régulation rapide, si le moyen de testIn a last case, the "fast" regulation is called when the variation of output voltage is greater than V v . As in the previous case, no action is triggered if the reliability is insufficient. The "slow" regulation procedure is chosen in the other cases, that is to say when the output voltage Vs is less than Vmax and on the triple condition that V e ff is greater than Vmf, that V pre d is greater than V m ιn and that V is less than Vv In the two regulation modes, the transformation ratio is applied according to 470 to be applied in order to return as quickly as possible to the target value Vαble.
471 montre que ce rapport n'est pas égal au précédent, on détermine les contacteurs à fermer 474 et on active la procédure de commande 475 Dans le cas de la régulation lente, on passe sur le rapport de transformation immédiatement inférieur ou immédiatement supérieur selon 473 puis on élabore un signal apte à donner aux moyens de commande des indications sur les commutateurs à fermer, lesdits moyens de commande activant 475 et désactivant les commutateurs correspondants471 shows that this ratio is not equal to the previous one, the contactors to be closed are determined 474 and the control procedure is activated 475 In the case of slow regulation, the transition ratio is immediately lower or immediately higher depending on 473 then a signal is produced capable of giving the control means indications on the switches to be closed, said control means activating 475 and deactivating the corresponding switches
On fera référence à la Figure 5 pour décrire l'organigramme complet de fonctionnement de l'ensemble adaptateur de tensionReference will be made to Figure 5 to describe the complete flowchart of operation of the voltage adapter assembly.
Cet organigramme comporte une étape de test correspondant à un choix conditionnel de régulation en fonction de l'indice de fiabilité de la valeur de tension prédite Vpred déjà mentionnée dans la description Cet indice de fiabilité permet de savoir si la prédiction que l'on a faite de la valeur de tension dans un avenir déterminé est bonne ou mauvaise Avantageusement, cet indice de fiabilité est mesure par le calcul de la variance associé au calcul de la valeur prédite Tout comme pour le calcul de la tension prédite, de manière générale, on calcule à l'instant t, en fonction des valeurs de la tension aux instants tt t - aT et t - 2aT, uneThis flowchart includes a test step corresponding to a conditional choice of regulation as a function of the reliability index of the predicted voltage value Vpred already mentioned in the description. This reliability index makes it possible to know whether the prediction that has been made of the voltage value in a determined future is good or bad Advantageously, this reliability index is measured by the calculation of the variance associated with the calculation of the predicted value Just as for the calculation of the predicted voltage, in general, we calculate at time t, as a function of the values of the voltage at times t t t - aT and t - 2aT, a
variance associée En reprenant l'exemple donné pour le calcul de Vpred aux instants t, t - 10 ms et t - 20 ms, la variance associée est calculée par l'expressionassociated variance By taking again the example given for the calculation of Vpred at times t, t - 10 ms and t - 20 ms, the associated variance is calculated by the expression
Var(t) = 0,8975 V2(t) - 1 ,795 V2(t - 10ms) + 0,8975,V2(t - 20ms) Plus la variance est faible et plus la prédiction sur la valeur de tension est bonne Par conséquent, on détermine un seuil en dessus duquel on estime que la valeur de la tension prédite Vpred est mauvaise, et c'est cette valeur de variance seuil qui conditionne, dans certains cas, telle ou telle régulationVar (t) = 0.8975 V 2 (t) - 1, 795 2 V (t - 10ms) + 0.8975, V 2 (t - 20ms) larger the variance is low and the prediction value of the voltage is good Consequently, a threshold is determined above which it is estimated that the value of the predicted voltage Vpred is bad, and this is this threshold variance value which conditions, in certain cases, such or such regulation
De façon préférentielle, le processus de régulation est commandé par un automate programmable qui conformément audit organigramme de la Figure 4 ordonne tout d'abord, selon le premier test 582, de comparer la valeur de la tension de sortie Vs avec la tension maximale Vmax Preferably, the regulation process is controlled by a programmable automaton which, in accordance with the flow diagram of FIG. 4, first orders, according to the first test 582, to compare the value of the output voltage Vs with the maximum voltage V max
Si la tension de sortie est supérieure à Vmaχ, le mode anti- surtension 583 est déclenché Néanmoins, il est un cas où la résistance anti-surtension ne sera pas connectée lorsque Vs > Vmax c'est celui où la surtension est provoquée par un déséquilibre du reseau Ce cas est détecté par le fait que l'on a une surtension alors même que le rapport de transformation k k' est inférieur à la borne supérieure prévue par la norme, soit 6% dans le cas des zones rurales en FranceIf the output voltage is greater than V ma χ, the anti-overvoltage mode 583 is triggered Nevertheless, there is a case where the anti-overvoltage resistance will not be connected when Vs> Vmax is the one where the overvoltage is caused by an imbalance in the network This case is detected by the fact that there is an overvoltage even though the transformation ratio kk 'is lower than the upper limit provided by the standard, ie 6% in the case of rural areas in France
Dans le cas où la tension de sortie est inférieure à Vmax, le processeur de l'automate effectue un deuxième test 584 comparant la valeur de la tension de sortie avec la valeur V)nf équivalent, par exemple, à 207 V (c'est-à-dire - 10% de la valeur nominale 230 V) Si la tension de sortie est inférieure à V f, le processeur effectue un troisième test 585 sur la variance, et si elle est inférieure au seuil il déclenche le mode de régulation "rapide" 586, avec une valeur Vαble égale à la consigne Vc, sinon il déclenche le mode de régulation "rapide" 587 avec une valeur de cible V ble comprise entre Vmm et VcIn the case where the output voltage is lower than V max , the processor of the automaton performs a second test 584 comparing the value of the output voltage with the value V ) n f equivalent, for example, to 207 V (c i.e. - 10% of nominal value 230 V) If the output voltage is less than V f, the processor performs a third test 585 on the variance, and if it is less than the threshold it initiates the mode of regulation "fast" 586, with a value equal to V α ble Vc set, otherwise it triggers the control mode "fast" 587 with a target value V ble between V m and V m
Si la tension de sortie est supérieure à Vmf, un quatrième test 588If the output voltage is greater than Vmf, a fourth test 588
portant sur la valeur de la tension prédite est réalisé Si Vpred estrelating to the value of the predicted voltage is achieved If Vpred is
inférieure à Vmm, un cinquième test 589 sur la variance est réalisé, et si elle est inférieure au seuil, le mode de régulation "rapide" 590 est déclenché sinon aucun nouveau mode de régulation n'est déclenché Si la tension prédite est supérieure à Vmm. un sixième test 591 compare la vitesse de variation de la tension sur les n dernières périodesless than V m m, a fifth test 589 on the variance is carried out, and if it is less than the threshold, the "fast" regulation mode 590 is triggered otherwise no new regulation mode is triggered If the predicted voltage is greater than Vmm. a sixth test 591 compares the speed of variation of the voltage over the last n periods
(par exemple n = 3) et si cette variation ΔV est inférieure à Vv, le test 595 est effectué, si son résultat est négatif, la fin de la temporisation est attendue et si son résultat est positif le mode de régulation "lent" 593 est déclenché, si cette variation ΔV est supérieure à Vv un dernier test 592 compare la variance associée à la valeur de la tension prédite à la valeur seuil A l'issue de cette comparaison, le mode de régulation "rapide" 594, est déclenché si la variance est inférieure audit seuil, avec une valeur cible V ble égale à la tension de sortie n périodes plus tôt et une valeur a réguler Vreg égale à la tension de sortie à l'instant t, sinon aucun nouveau mode de régulation n'est déclenché(for example n = 3) and if this variation ΔV is less than V v , test 595 is carried out, if its result is negative, the end of the time delay is expected and if its result is positive the "slow" regulation mode 593 is triggered, if this variation ΔV is greater than V v a last test 592 compares the variance associated with the value of the predicted voltage with the threshold value At the end of this comparison, the "fast" regulation mode 594, is triggered if the variance is less than said threshold, with a target value V ble equal to the output voltage n periods earlier and a value to be regulated V re g equal to the output voltage at time t, otherwise no new mode of regulation is not triggered
La description faite ci-dessus envisage d'effectuer une régulation sur un réseau monophasé En revanche, de façon préférentielle, l'ensemble adaptateur selon l'invention, comprend en outre, dans le cas d'un réseau triphasé, une pluralité de moyens pour faire la somme des tensions sur chacune des phases Lesdits moyens étant physiquement indépendants sur chacune des phasesThe description given above envisages carrying out regulation on a single-phase network. On the other hand, preferably, the adapter assembly according to the invention further comprises, in the case of a three-phase network, a plurality of means for sum the voltages on each of the phases, said means being physically independent on each of the phases
En effet, cette configuration permet de s'affranchir des couplages électromagnétiques entre phases au niveau des transformateurs Les moyens diviseurs de tension demeurent avec un primaire couplé étoile Indeed, this configuration makes it possible to dispense with electromagnetic couplings between phases at the level of the transformers The voltage dividing means remain with a primary coupled star

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Ensemble adaptateur de tension comportant, un dispositif d'adaptation de tension auquel est appliqué une tension d'entrée VE à adapter et muni de moyens diviseurs de tension pour élaborer une tension additionnelle Vfj égale à kVE, des moyens pour faire la somme1. Voltage adapter assembly comprising, a voltage adaptation device to which an input voltage VE to be adapted is applied and provided with voltage divider means for developing an additional voltage Vfj equal to kVE, means for summing
(118) de ladite tension d'entrée V et d'une fraction de ladite tension(118) of said input voltage V and of a fraction of said voltage
additionnelle Vp , des moyens pour appliquer une tension Vs à la sortie dudit dispositif d'adaptation, des moyens pour mesurer (116, 354) ladite tension de sortie Vs ; et des moyens de contrôle (112) pour élaborer une information représentative du rapport k à appliquer audit diviseur de tension, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de mesure (354) délivrent, avec une périodicité T, des valeurs de tensions de sortie ; et en ce que lesdits moyens de contrôle (360) comprennent :additional Vp, means for applying a voltage Vs to the output of said adaptation device, means for measuring (116, 354) said output voltage Vs; and control means (112) for developing information representative of the ratio k to be applied to said voltage divider, characterized in that said measuring means (354) deliver, with a periodicity T, values of output voltages; and in that said control means (360) comprise:
- des moyens (364) pour élaborer une valeur de tension prédite- means (364) for developing a predicted voltage value
Vpred en fonction desdites valeurs de tensions de sortie ;Vpred as a function of said output voltage values;
- des moyens (365, 368) pour comparer la tension prédite Vpred à- means (365, 368) for comparing the predicted voltage Vpred with
une valeur prédéterminée V in et pour déclencher une procédure dea predetermined value V in and to trigger a procedure for
régulation rapide si Vpred < Vmin-i et,rapid regulation if Vpred <Vmin-i and,
- des moyens (367) pour calculer la variation de la tension de sortie ΔV sur un nombre n de périodes de mesure, et pour comparer, si- means (367) for calculating the variation of the output voltage ΔV over a number n of measurement periods, and for comparing, if
Vpred > Vmin. ladite variation de tension calculée à une valeur Vv prédéterminée de variation de tension et pour déclencher ladite procédure de régulation rapide si ΔV > Vv et pour déclencher une procédure de régulation lente dans le cas contraire. Vpred> Vmin. said voltage variation calculated at a predetermined voltage variation value V v and for triggering said rapid regulation procedure if ΔV> V v and for triggering a slow regulation procedure otherwise.
2. Ensemble adaptateur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un commutateur de surtension (250) et une résistance anti-surtension (252) montés en parallèle sur lesdits moyens pour faire la somme (118) des tensions, et des moyens (363) pour commander l'état ouvert ou fermé dudit commutateur (250).2. Adapter assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an overvoltage switch (250) and an anti-overvoltage resistance (252) mounted in parallel on said means for summing (118) the voltages, and means (363) for controlling the open or closed state of said switch (250).
3. Ensemble adaptateur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens (364) pour élaborer une valeur de tension prédite Vpred élaborent une valeur de tension prédite Vpred à un instant de mesure t à partir des mesures de tension de sortie aux instants t t - aT et t - 2aT.3. Adapter assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said means (364) for developing a predicted voltage value Vpred develop a predicted voltage value Vpred at a measurement instant t from the output voltage measurements at instants tt - aT and t - 2aT.
4. Ensemble adaptateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de contrôle (112) comprennent en outre des moyens pour comparer (361 ) ladite tension de sortie mesurée Vs à une tension prédéterminée Vmax > Vmin et des moyens (362) pour élaborer un signal de fermeture dudit commutateur de surtension (250) si ladite tension de sortie est supérieure à Vmax.4. Adapter assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said control means (112) further comprises means for comparing (361) said measured output voltage Vs with a predetermined voltage V m ax > Vmin and means (362) for generating a closing signal of said overvoltage switch (250) if said output voltage is greater than V max .
5. Ensemble adaptateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de contrôle (360) comprennent en outre des moyens (361 ) pour comparer ladite tension de sortie mesurée Vs à une tension prédéterminée Vjnf < Vmjn et des moyens (368) pour déclencher, si ladite tension mesurée est inférieure à Vjnf , ladite procédure de régulation rapide.5. Adapter assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said control means (360) further comprises means (361) for comparing said measured output voltage Vs with a predetermined voltage Vj n f < V m j n and means (368) for triggering, if said measured voltage is less than Vj n f, said rapid regulation procedure.
6. Ensemble adaptateur selon l'une quelconque des revendi- cations 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre, dans le cas d'un réseau triphasé, une pluralité de moyens pour faire la somme des tensions sur chacune des phases, par quoi lesdits moyens pour faire la somme des tensions sont physiquement indépendant sur chacune des phases. 6. Adapter assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises, in the case of a three-phase network, a plurality of means for summing the voltages on each of the phases whereby said means for summing the voltages are physically independent on each of the phases.
EP01925651A 2000-04-13 2001-04-13 Voltage adapter assembly Expired - Lifetime EP1279084B1 (en)

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FR0004750A FR2807883B1 (en) 2000-04-13 2000-04-13 VOLTAGE ADAPTER ASSEMBLY
FR0004750 2000-04-13
PCT/FR2001/001153 WO2001079953A1 (en) 2000-04-13 2001-04-13 Voltage adapter assembly

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AU (1) AU2001252339A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0110005A (en)
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CN103064454B (en) * 2011-10-24 2016-01-20 上海美迪馨电子科技有限公司 A kind of single-phase precision alternating-current voltage stabilizer

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GB544312A (en) * 1939-10-30 1942-04-08 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in transformer voltage regulating systems
JPH08124768A (en) * 1994-10-27 1996-05-17 Shiiku Densetsu:Kk On-load tap changing type ac constant voltage device
US5712554A (en) * 1995-12-22 1998-01-27 Thomas E. Dorn Voltage compensation device
US5808454A (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-09-15 Chung; Young Choon Alternating current power control device

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EP1279084B1 (en) 2005-05-11
ATE295564T1 (en) 2005-05-15
FR2807883B1 (en) 2002-07-12
ES2242744T3 (en) 2005-11-16
AU2001252339A1 (en) 2001-10-30
BR0110005A (en) 2003-02-11
PT1279084E (en) 2005-09-30
DE60110780D1 (en) 2005-06-16
FR2807883A1 (en) 2001-10-19
MXPA02010160A (en) 2005-06-06
MA25789A1 (en) 2003-07-01

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