EP1279084B1 - Voltage adapter assembly - Google Patents
Voltage adapter assembly Download PDFInfo
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- EP1279084B1 EP1279084B1 EP01925651A EP01925651A EP1279084B1 EP 1279084 B1 EP1279084 B1 EP 1279084B1 EP 01925651 A EP01925651 A EP 01925651A EP 01925651 A EP01925651 A EP 01925651A EP 1279084 B1 EP1279084 B1 EP 1279084B1
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- voltage
- output voltage
- value
- pred
- output
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
- G05F1/32—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices
- G05F1/34—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adapter assembly of voltage intended in particular, but not exclusively, to compensate variations in the voltage of a power supply line distribution of electrical energy.
- the power supply lines of the network deliver a voltage that evolves over time. Indeed, when the power called suddenly increases, there are voltage drops at the end of particular line.
- Surges can also be caused by maneuvers on the lines; they can come from switching at the level of Power transformers, machine commissioning strongly inductive rotating, or imbalance of the three-phase network.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a set voltage adapter able to respond quickly to variations in supply line voltage, particularly in case of surge, and not producing breaks or micro-cuts on the line.
- the voltage V E is the voltage of the supply line and that the output voltage V S is the voltage that is delivered to the user.
- the measuring means which make it possible to measure the output voltage of the adapter provide information representative of the said output voltage to the control means which elaborate information able to apply an additional voltage to the input voltage V E in the case a voltage drop relative to the nominal voltage or information capable of reducing the input voltage V E in the case of a voltage greater than the nominal voltage.
- k takes negative values.
- a predicted voltage V pred predicted voltage is developed as a function of the output voltage values, which is an estimate of the voltage value for the future taking into account the past evolution of the output voltage.
- V S This estimate makes it possible to prepare a correction to be applied to the voltage, taking into account any drift that may be observed.
- the predicted voltage is compared with a predetermined value V min and a fast control procedure is triggered if V pred ⁇ V min .
- V min is a parameterizable threshold value below which the predicted value V pred must not go down, otherwise the voltage overflows.
- the adapter assembly further comprises a overvoltage switch and an anti-surge resistor mounted in parallel with said primary winding means for summing voltages, and means for controlling the open or closed state of said switch.
- the resistance anti-surge is connected to the terminals of the primary winding of means to sum the tensions, so as to compensate the drop of load.
- This resistance makes it possible to dampen the rise of voltage, the time that the voltage divider means adapt to the new state of the line.
- the surge resistor is connected to the terminals of said primary winding by a switch actuated by means of command which are able to receive a closing signal developed by the means of control.
- said means for developing a predicted voltage value V pred elaborate a predicted voltage value V pred at a measurement instant t from the output voltage measurements at times t , t - aT and t - 2aT.
- the predicted voltage value V pred represents a reliable value of the expected voltage value in the near future.
- control means furthermore comprise means for comparing said measured output voltage V S with a predetermined voltage V max and means for producing a signal for closing said overvoltage switch if said output voltage is greater than V max .
- control means analyze the output voltage V S and a predetermined voltage V max corresponding to a voltage threshold not to be exceeded.
- This voltage threshold corresponds to a certain percentage of the nominal voltage supplied by the power supply line.
- the analysis consists of comparing the output voltage V S with a predetermined value and of connecting the surge resistor if this value is exceeded.
- the measurement of the output voltage V S and the comparison with the predetermined value Vmax are performed at a high frequency so as to intervene very quickly on the line in the event of an overvoltage.
- control means furthermore comprise means for comparing said measured output voltage V S with a predetermined voltage V inf ⁇ V min and means for triggering said fast control procedure if said measured output voltage is lower V inf .
- the adapter assembly further comprises in the case of a three-phase network, a plurality of means for making the sum of the voltages on each of the phases, whereby said means to sum up the tensions are physically independent on each phase.
- the adapter device comprises an input E for receiving an input voltage V E to be adapted which corresponds to the power supply and an output S for delivering an output voltage V S corresponding to a suitable voltage delivered to the user.
- the device also comprises dividing means 110 or switching transformer which is a variable ratio transformer k for developing an additional voltage V D.
- This additional voltage is equal to kV E.
- the value of the additional voltage is determined by the control means 112 and by the control means 114 which determine the transformation ratio k to be applied as a function of the value of the output voltage V S given by the measuring means 116. The measurement could also be done at the input E of the voltage adapter assembly.
- the divider means 110 are connected to means 118 for summing the input voltage V E and a fraction k'.V D of the additional voltage so as to obtain the output voltage VS, k 'being the fixed transformation ratio means for sum 118 which are, in this case, a fixed ratio transformer, said coupling transformer.
- the switching transformer 210 comprises a primary winding 220 across which is applied the input voltage V E and a secondary winding 230 comprising, for example, six dividing outputs: 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, and 242 , respectively connected to six switches C232, C234, C236, C238, C240 and C242, which are also connected to the output of the voltage division means 210.
- a seventh switch connects the division output 232 to the output of the voltage division means 210.
- the coupling transformer 118 comprises a secondary winding 246 to which is applied the complementary voltage K'.V D and a primary winding 248 to which is applied the additional voltage V D.
- the adaptation device comprises a switch of overvoltage 250 and an overvoltage resistor 252 connected in parallel with the primary winding 248.
- FIG. 3 shows the diagram of FIG. 2 to which control means for controlling the switches, control means and means for measuring the output voltage V S have been added .
- measuring means 354 measure the output voltage of the adaptation device at a frequency multiple of that of the electrical network, for example 1000 Hz for a frequency voltage of 50 Hz, ie a periodicity of 1 ms.
- signal is sampled by the measuring means so as to calculate the rms value of the voltage. To not weigh down the description we let's talk about the voltage value for rms value of the voltage.
- the measuring means 354 are able to provide a measurement of the output voltage value V S to control means 360.
- the control means 360 comprise comparison means 361 for comparing the output voltage V S measured by the measuring means 354 with a predetermined voltage Vmax which must not be exceeded or exceeded as short as possible.
- This voltage V max corresponds, for example, to the electrical energy distributed in low voltage in France in rural areas to an excess of 6% of the 230 V nominal value, ie 244 V.
- means 362 develop a signal capable of ordering the control means 363 closing the surge switch 250.
- the anti-surge device is activated as a priority.
- its activation is followed by a process of switching switches C332 and C337 so as to be on a report of transformation K equal to 1 for a certain duration that can be equal at 1 s.
- the deactivation of the anti-surge switch 350 occurs as soon as that switching of switches C332 and C337 has been performed.
- This device makes it possible both to reduce the peak voltage and the time during which the voltage is greater than V max is 244 V.
- the control means comprises means 364 for generating a predicted voltage value V pred at a measurement time t from the output voltage measurements at times t, t - aT and t - 2aT; T is the period between two measurements of the voltage and has an integer. According to a particular example, T is 1 ms and has a value of 10. Thus, the predicted voltage value V pred is produced at a time t , from the output voltage values measured at times t-10ms and t-20ms.
- This predicted value corresponds to an estimated output voltage value in a given future, taking into account the values of the output voltage at time t , at time t minus a half-period of the signal, and at the same time. moment t less a period of the signal.
- control means comprise comparison means 365 for comparing the predicted voltage V pred to a configurable voltage V min .
- means 368 produce a signal capable of supplying information to the control means 363 so that they control the switches according to a so-called "fast" control procedure. aiming to immediately return to a value Vcible equal to the setpoint voltage Vc. This setpoint will generally be chosen close to the nominal value of the network. This procedure will be described in detail in the following description.
- the control means also comprise means 367 for calculating the rate of variation ⁇ V of the output voltage V S over n preceding periods and for comparing this rate of variation with a predetermined value V v .
- This value is taken close to the product of the nominal voltage by the magnitude ⁇ K which is the difference between two consecutive ratios K.
- V v will be 6 V by 60 ms, the variation being measured over 3 periods of the voltage.
- the comparison means 361 also compare the output voltage V S with a predetermined voltage V inf ⁇ V min , this voltage being close to the low threshold of the contract value of the distributor.
- V inf a predetermined voltage
- the means 368 produce a signal capable of supplying information to the control means 363 so that they control the closing of the switches according to a so-called "fast" procedure.
- the new transformation ratio will take into account the previous transformation ratio, a target voltage V target and the value of the voltage to be regulated V reg .
- the value of the target voltage V target can be taken equal to the value of the target voltage, which will generally be close to the rated voltage of the network.
- the voltage to be regulated V reg can itself be worth the output voltage V S measured at the instant t of the triggering of the fast regulation, or the predicted voltage V pred at the same time.
- Slow regulation is a substitute for fast regulation with the triple condition that the output voltage is not less than V inf , that the predicted voltage is not less than V min , and that the variations of the output voltage are slow. ( ⁇ V ⁇ V v ). Under these conditions, it is allowed to change the transformation ratio of a notch (that is to say we pass on the ratio immediately below or above that activated previously) at least n temp seconds (n temp integer) after the previous switching of the switches. The duration of this delay n temp is calculated so as to keep the flicker below the level of discomfort (this level of discomfort is characterized by an empirical curve connecting the voltage variation to the frequency of this variation).
- the "fast" control mode is the main mode of regulation. It is called in several cases, and in a different way according to each of these cases: the difference lies in the values of target voltage V target and voltage to be regulated V reg which are involved in the calculation of the new transformation ratio.
- the "slow" regulation procedure only allows the passage of one transformation report to another consecutive and at the end of a delay equal to n temp seconds (n integer time ).
- the target voltage V target is then the target voltage and the voltage to be regulated V reg is the output voltage. Consequently, the difference found between the output voltage V S and the target voltage (which may be the nominal voltage of the network) will be reduced by an increase or decrease in the immediately higher or immediately lower transformation ratio, which corresponds to in the example considered, a modification of about 2% of the output voltage.
- This procedure is called “slow” because the threats to the deviations of the output voltage V s from the nominal voltage of 230 V are low. Indeed, the predicted value does not exceed the predetermined threshold, that is to say that the output voltage does not seem to deviate significantly from the nominal voltage in a given future, and given its speed of variation it also does not seem to deviate from the nominal voltage in the near future.
- the difference found between the output voltage V s and the nominal voltage or the target voltage will be reduced by an increase or decrease in the immediately higher or immediately lower transformation ratio, which corresponds, in the example considered , at a change of about 2% of the output voltage.
- the delay is in this mode, for example, 18 s, that is to say that is maintained for at least 18 s this transformation ratio.
- the "fast" regulation mode is called, in a first case when the output voltage is lower than V inf . If the reliability index that one has of the predicted voltage value V pred is good, the target value V target for the calculation of the new transformation ratio will be worth the nominal voltage V C (close to the nominal voltage generally) , and in the opposite case, V target will be worth a value between V inf and V C.
- the notion of reliability index will be described in the complete description of the flowchart.
- V pred is less than V min . If the reliability index is good, V target will be worth V C , and the voltage to be regulated Vreg will be worth the output voltage V S. In the case where the reliability is insufficient, no action is triggered. It is understood that this test makes it possible to anticipate a decrease of V S below V inf , but the regulation is then triggered only if this prediction is reliable.
- the "fast" regulation is called when the variation of the output voltage is greater than V v .
- no action is triggered if the reliability is insufficient.
- the “slow” regulation procedure is chosen for the other cases, that is to say when the output voltage V S is less than V max and the triple condition that V eff is greater than V inf , that V pred is greater than V min and V is less than Vv.
- the transformation ratio to be applied is developed according to 470 to return as quickly as possible to the target value V target .
- the contactors 474 are closed and the control procedure 475 is activated.
- the slow control it passes on the transformation ratio immediately below or immediately higher than 473 then develops a signal capable of giving the control means indications on the switches to close, said control means activating 475 and disabling the corresponding switches.
- This flowchart includes a test step corresponding to a conditional choice of regulation as a function of the reliability index of the predicted voltage value V pred already mentioned in the description.
- This reliability index makes it possible to know whether the prediction that has been made of the voltage value in a given future is good or bad.
- this reliability index is measured by calculating the variance associated with calculating the predicted value.
- the calculation of the predicted voltage in general, at time t , as a function of the values of the voltage at times t, t - aT and t - 2aT, an associated variance is calculated.
- Var (t) 0.8975.V 2 (t) - 1.795.V 2 (t - 10ms) + 0.8975; 2 (t - 20ms)
- a threshold is determined above which it is estimated that the value of the predicted voltage V pred is bad, and it is this value of threshold variance which conditions, in some cases, such or such regulation.
- the regulation process is controlled by a programmable controller which according to said flowchart of FIG. 4 firstly orders, according to the first test 582, to compare the value of the output voltage V S with the maximum voltage V max .
- the anti-surge mode 583 is triggered. Nevertheless, there is a case where the anti-surge resistance will not be connected when V S > Vmax: it is the one where the overvoltage is caused by an imbalance of the network. This case is detected by the fact that we have an overvoltage even though the transformation ratio kk 'is lower than the upper limit provided by the standard, ie 6% in the case of rural areas in France.
- the processor of the PLC carries out a second test 584 comparing the value of the output voltage with the value V inf equivalent, for example, to 207 V (that is ie - 10% of the 230 V nominal value). If the output voltage is lower than V inf , the processor performs a third test 585 on the variance, and if it is below the threshold it triggers the "fast" control mode 586, with a target value V equal to the setpoint V C , otherwise it triggers the "fast" control mode 587 with a target target value V between V min and V C.
- a fourth test 588 on the value of the predicted voltage is performed. If V pred is less than V min , a fifth 589 test on the variance is performed, and if it is below the threshold, the "fast" control mode 590 is triggered; otherwise no new control mode is triggered.
- the "fast" regulation mode 594 is triggered if the variance is lower than said threshold, with a target target value V equal to the output voltage n periods earlier and a value to be regulated V reg equal to the output voltage at time t , otherwise no new control mode is triggered.
- the adapter assembly according to the invention furthermore comprises, in the case of a three-phase network, a plurality of means for summing the tensions on each phase. Said means being physically independent on each phase.
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un ensemble adaptateur de tension destiné notamment, mais non exclusivement, à compenser les variations de tension d'une ligne d'alimentation électrique du réseau de distribution d'énergie électrique.The present invention relates to an adapter assembly of voltage intended in particular, but not exclusively, to compensate variations in the voltage of a power supply line distribution of electrical energy.
Les lignes d'alimentation électrique du réseau délivrent une tension qui évolue dans le temps. En effet, lorsque la puissance appelée augmente soudainement, on observe des chutes de tension en bout de ligne notamment.The power supply lines of the network deliver a voltage that evolves over time. Indeed, when the power called suddenly increases, there are voltage drops at the end of particular line.
Les surtensions peuvent également être dues aux manoeuvres sur les lignes ; elles peuvent provenir d'une commutation au niveau des transformateurs d'alimentation, de la mise en service de machines tournantes fortement selfiques, ou du déséquilibre du réseau triphasé.Surges can also be caused by maneuvers on the lines; they can come from switching at the level of Power transformers, machine commissioning strongly inductive rotating, or imbalance of the three-phase network.
Or, les normes prévoient, par exemple en France en zone rurale à ce jour, que la tension efficace du réseau Basse Tension doit être comprise dans l'intervalle 230 V +6/-10%, c'est-à-dire entre 207 et 244 V.However, standards provide, for example in France in rural areas to this day, that the effective voltage of the Low Voltage network must be in the range 230 V + 6 / -10%, that is to say between 207 and 244 V.
En effet, les variations de tension présentent des inconvénients car il existe de nombreux appareils électriques et électroniques dont les variations de tension d'alimentation ne doivent pas dépasser un pourcentage déterminé de la tension nominale d'alimentation sous peine d'endommagement définitif ou momentané.Indeed, voltage variations have disadvantages because there are many electrical and electronic devices whose supply voltage variations should not exceed one determined percentage of the nominal supply voltage under penalty definitive or momentary damage.
Afin de remédier à ces inconvénients, on a imaginé des appareils de régulation de tension utilisant des transformateurs à rapports variables mais dont l'autoconsommation est importante ou dont les coupures d'alimentation lors du changement de rapport de transformation sont indésirables.In order to remedy these drawbacks, devices have been voltage regulator using variable ratio transformers but whose self-consumption is important or whose cuts feeding when changing ratio of transformation are undesirable.
Par ailleurs, de tels dispositifs présentent des temps de réponse élevés, ce qui peut provoquer des surtensions pendant des temps inacceptables du point de vue du distributeur d'électricité, lorsqu'un ou des utilisateurs déconnectent une charge brutalement. Moreover, such devices have response times high, which can cause overvoltages for long periods of time unacceptable from the point of view of the electricity distributor, when one or users disconnect a load suddenly.
Un objet de la présente invention est de fournir un ensemble adaptateur de tension apte à répondre rapidement aux variations de tension de la ligne d'alimentation, en particulier en cas de surtension, et ne produisant pas de coupures ou micro-coupures sur la ligne.An object of the present invention is to provide a set voltage adapter able to respond quickly to variations in supply line voltage, particularly in case of surge, and not producing breaks or micro-cuts on the line.
Pour atteindre ce but, selon l'invention, l'ensemble adaptateur comporte, un dispositif d'adaptation de tension auquel est appliqué une tension d'entrée VE à adapter et muni de moyens diviseurs de tension pour élaborer une tension additionnelle VD égale à kVE, des moyens pour faire la somme de ladite tension d'entrée VE et d'une fraction de ladite tension additionnelle VD, des moyens pour appliquer une tension VS à la sortie dudit dispositif d'adaptation, des moyens pour mesurer ladite tension de sortie VS ; et des moyens de contrôle pour élaborer une information représentative du rapport k à appliquer audit diviseur de tension,
- lesdits moyens de mesure délivrant, avec une périodicité T, des valeurs de tensions de sortie ;
- des moyens pour élaborer une valeur de tension prédite Vpred en fonction desdites valeurs de tensions de sortie ;
- des moyens pour comparer la tension prédite Vpred à une valeur prédéterminée Vmin et pour déclencher une procédure de régulation rapide si Vpred < Vmin.; et,
- des moyens pour calculer la variation de la tension de sortie ΔV sur un nombre n de périodes de mesure, et pour comparer, si Vpred > Vmin, ladite variation de tension calculée à une valeur Vv prédéterminée de variation de tension et pour déclencher ladite procédure de régulation rapide si ΔV > Vv et pour déclencher une procédure de régulation lente dans le cas contraire.
- said measuring means delivering, with a periodicity T, output voltage values;
- means for developing a predicted voltage value V pred as a function of said output voltage values;
- means for comparing the predicted voltage V pred to a predetermined value V min and for triggering a fast control procedure if V pred <V min .; and,
- means for calculating the variation of the output voltage ΔV over a number n of measurement periods, and for comparing, if V pred > V min , said calculated voltage variation with a predetermined value V V of voltage variation and for triggering said fast control procedure if ΔV> V v and to trigger a slow regulation procedure in the opposite case.
On comprend que la tension VE est la tension de la ligne d'alimentation et que la tension de sortie VS est la tension qui est délivrée chez l'usager.It is understood that the voltage V E is the voltage of the supply line and that the output voltage V S is the voltage that is delivered to the user.
Les moyens de mesure qui permettent de mesurer la tension de sortie de l'adaptateur fournissent une information représentative de ladite tension de sortie aux moyens de contrôle qui élaborent une information apte à appliquer une tension supplémentaire à la tension d'entrée VE dans le cas d'une baisse de tension par rapport à la tension nominale ou une information apte à diminuer la tension d'entrée VE dans le cas d'une tension supérieure à la tension nominale. Dans ce cas, k prend des valeurs négatives.The measuring means which make it possible to measure the output voltage of the adapter provide information representative of the said output voltage to the control means which elaborate information able to apply an additional voltage to the input voltage V E in the case a voltage drop relative to the nominal voltage or information capable of reducing the input voltage V E in the case of a voltage greater than the nominal voltage. In this case, k takes negative values.
Ainsi, selon une caractéristique particulière, on élabore une tension prévisionnelle dite tension prédite Vpred en fonction des valeurs de tension de sortie, qui est une estimation de la valeur de tension pour le futur compte tenu de l'évolution passée de la tension de sortie VS. Cette estimation permet de préparer une correction à appliquer à la tension compte tenu de la dérive éventuelle que l'on constate. Afin d'évaluer cette dérive, tout d'abord, on compare la tension prédite à une valeur prédéterminée Vmin et on déclenche une procédure de régulation rapide si Vpred < Vmin. Vmin est une valeur seuil paramétrable en dessous de laquelle la valeur prédite Vpred ne doit pas descendre sous peine de débordement de la tension. En fait, on réalise une prévision sur ce que sera la tension dans le futur, et si cette prévision est en dessous d'un certain seuil Vmin, on décide de réguler la tension selon un mode dit "régulation rapide" que l'on détaillera dans la suite de la description et qui permet de revenir très vite à la tension de consigne. Ensuite, lorsque l'on a pris en compte la valeur de tension future et que la valeur prédite est supérieure à la valeur de seuil , on prend en compte la vitesse de variation de la tension pour déclencher une procédure de régulation rapide ou une procédure de régulation lente. Les procédures de régulation rapide et lente seront décrites plus en détail dans la suite de la description.Thus, according to a particular characteristic, a predicted voltage V pred predicted voltage is developed as a function of the output voltage values, which is an estimate of the voltage value for the future taking into account the past evolution of the output voltage. V S. This estimate makes it possible to prepare a correction to be applied to the voltage, taking into account any drift that may be observed. In order to evaluate this drift, first of all, the predicted voltage is compared with a predetermined value V min and a fast control procedure is triggered if V pred <V min . V min is a parameterizable threshold value below which the predicted value V pred must not go down, otherwise the voltage overflows. In fact, we make a prediction on what will be the voltage in the future, and if this forecast is below a certain threshold V min , we decide to regulate the voltage according to a mode called "rapid regulation" that we will detail in the following description and allows to return quickly to the target voltage. Then, when the future voltage value has been taken into account and the predicted value is greater than the threshold value, the rate of change of the voltage is taken into account to trigger a fast regulation procedure or a control procedure. slow regulation. The fast and slow control procedures will be described in more detail later in the description.
Lorsqu'une surtension apparaít, selon encore un mode préféré de mise en oeuvre, l'ensemble adaptateur comprend en outre un commutateur de surtension et une résistance anti-surtension montés en parallèle avec ledit enroulement primaire des moyens pour faire la somme des tensions, et des moyens pour commander l'état ouvert ou fermé dudit commutateur.When an overvoltage appears, according to still a preferred mode of implementation, the adapter assembly further comprises a overvoltage switch and an anti-surge resistor mounted in parallel with said primary winding means for summing voltages, and means for controlling the open or closed state of said switch.
Ainsi, lorsqu'une augmentation de tension apparaít, le plus souvent liée à une déconnexion de charge chez l'usager, la résistance anti-surtension est connectée aux bornes de l'enroulement primaire des moyens pour faire la somme des tensions, de manière à compenser la baisse de charge. Cette résistance permet ainsi d'amortir la remontée de tension, le temps que les moyens diviseurs de tension s'adaptent au nouvel état de la ligne.Thus, when an increase in voltage appears, the most often linked to a load disconnection in the user, the resistance anti-surge is connected to the terminals of the primary winding of means to sum the tensions, so as to compensate the drop of load. This resistance makes it possible to dampen the rise of voltage, the time that the voltage divider means adapt to the new state of the line.
La résistance anti-surtension est connectée aux bornes dudit enroulement primaire par un commutateur actionné par des moyens de commande qui sont aptes à recevoir un signal de fermeture élaboré par les moyens de contrôle.The surge resistor is connected to the terminals of said primary winding by a switch actuated by means of command which are able to receive a closing signal developed by the means of control.
Selon un mode particulièrement avantageux de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, lesdits moyens pour élaborer une valeur de tension prédite Vpred élaborent une valeur de tension prédite Vpred à un instant de mesure t à partir des mesures de tension de sortie aux instants t, t - aT et t - 2aT. Ainsi, la valeur de tension prédite Vpred représente une valeur fiable de la valeur de tension prévue dans un avenir proche.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, said means for developing a predicted voltage value V pred elaborate a predicted voltage value V pred at a measurement instant t from the output voltage measurements at times t , t - aT and t - 2aT. Thus, the predicted voltage value V pred represents a reliable value of the expected voltage value in the near future.
Avantageusement les moyens de contrôle comprennent en outre des moyens pour comparer ladite tension de sortie mesurée VS à une tension prédéterminée Vmax et des moyens pour élaborer un signal de fermeture dudit commutateur de surtension si ladite tension de sortie est supérieure à Vmax.Advantageously, the control means furthermore comprise means for comparing said measured output voltage V S with a predetermined voltage V max and means for producing a signal for closing said overvoltage switch if said output voltage is greater than V max .
On comprend que les moyens de contrôle analysent la tension de sortie VS et une tension prédéterminée Vmax correspondant à un seuil de tension à ne pas dépasser. Ce seuil de tension correspond à un certain pourcentage de la tension nominale fournie par la ligne d'alimentation électrique. L'analyse consiste à comparer la tension de sortie VS à une valeur prédéterminée et à connecter la résistance anti-surtension en cas de dépassement de cette valeur.It is understood that the control means analyze the output voltage V S and a predetermined voltage V max corresponding to a voltage threshold not to be exceeded. This voltage threshold corresponds to a certain percentage of the nominal voltage supplied by the power supply line. The analysis consists of comparing the output voltage V S with a predetermined value and of connecting the surge resistor if this value is exceeded.
Comme on l'expliquera plus en détails, la mesure de la tension de sortie VS et la comparaison avec la valeur prédéterminée Vmax sont réalisées à une grande fréquence afin d'intervenir très rapidement sur la ligne en cas de surtension.As will be explained in more detail, the measurement of the output voltage V S and the comparison with the predetermined value Vmax are performed at a high frequency so as to intervene very quickly on the line in the event of an overvoltage.
De façon préférentielle, les moyens de contrôle comprennent en outre des moyens pour comparer ladite tension de sortie mesurée VS à une tension prédéterminée Vinf < Vmin et des moyens pour déclencher ladite procédure de régulation rapide si ladite tension de sortie mesurée est inférieure Vinf.Preferably, the control means furthermore comprise means for comparing said measured output voltage V S with a predetermined voltage V inf <V min and means for triggering said fast control procedure if said measured output voltage is lower V inf .
On comprend que la tension de sortie ne doit pas non plus descendre au-dessous d'un certain seuil de tension Vinf. Lorsque c'est le cas, on ajoute à la tension de sortie une tension supplémentaire à la sortie de l'ensemble adaptateur, selon le mode de régulation rapide.It is understood that the output voltage must not fall below a certain voltage threshold V inf . When this is the case, an additional voltage is added to the output voltage at the output of the adapter assembly, according to the fast control mode.
Avantageusement, l'ensemble adaptateur comprend en outre, dans le cas d'un réseau triphasé, une pluralité de moyens pour faire la somme des tensions sur chacune des phases, par quoi lesdits moyens pour faire la somme des tensions sont physiquement indépendant sur chacune des phases.Advantageously, the adapter assembly further comprises in the case of a three-phase network, a plurality of means for making the sum of the voltages on each of the phases, whereby said means to sum up the tensions are physically independent on each phase.
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après de modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la Figure 1 est une vue schématique du circuit de l'ensemble adaptateur de tension,
- la Figure 2, est une vue schématique du circuit du dispositif d'adaptation de tension comprenant une entrée, des moyens diviseurs de tension, des moyens pour faire la somme à la tension d'entrée et des moyens pour appliquer la tension VS à la sortie du dispositif d'adaptation,
- la Figure 3 est une vue schématique du circuit selon la Figure 2 auquel on a ajouté les moyens pour mesurer la tension de sortie, les moyens de contrôle et les moyens de commande,
- la Figure 4 est une vue schématique d'un organigramme représentant les trois procédures de régulation possibles, et,
- la Figure 5 est une vue schématique d'un organigramme représentant la stratégie de régulation de l'ensemble adaptateur.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the circuit of the voltage adapter assembly,
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the circuit of the voltage matching device comprising an input, voltage dividing means, means for summing the input voltage and means for applying the voltage V S to the output of the adaptation device,
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the circuit according to FIG. 2 to which the means for measuring the output voltage, the control means and the control means have been added,
- Figure 4 is a schematic view of a flowchart showing the three possible control procedures, and
- Figure 5 is a schematic view of a flowchart showing the control strategy of the adapter assembly.
On se référera tout d'abord à la Figure 1 pour décrire le principe général de fonctionnement de l'ensemble adaptateur de tension.Reference is first made to Figure 1 to describe the principle general operation of the voltage adapter assembly.
Le dispositif adaptateur comporte une entrée E pour recevoir une tension d'entrée VE à adapter qui correspond à l'alimentation et une sortie S pour délivrer un tension de sortie VS correspondant à une tension adaptée délivrée à l'usager.The adapter device comprises an input E for receiving an input voltage V E to be adapted which corresponds to the power supply and an output S for delivering an output voltage V S corresponding to a suitable voltage delivered to the user.
Le dispositif comporte également des moyens diviseurs 110 ou
transformateur de commutation qui est un transformateur à rapport
variable k permettant d'élaborer une tension additionnelle VD. Cette
tension additionnelle est égale à k.VE. La valeur de la tension
additionnelle est déterminée par les moyens de contrôle 112 et par les
moyens de commande 114 qui déterminent le rapport de transformation k
à appliquer en fonction de la valeur de la tension de sortie VS donnée par
les moyens de mesure 116. La mesure pourrait également se faire à
l'entrée E de l'ensemble adaptateur de tension.The device also comprises dividing
Les moyens diviseurs 110 sont reliés à des moyens pour faire la
somme 118 de la tension d'entrée VE et d'une fraction k'.VD de la tension
additionnelle de manière à obtenir la tension de sortie VS, k' étant le
rapport de transformation fixe des moyens pour faire la somme 118 qui
sont, dans le cas présent, un transformateur à rapport fixe, dit
transformateur de couplage.The divider means 110 are connected to means 118 for summing the input voltage V E and a fraction k'.V D of the additional voltage so as to obtain the output voltage VS, k 'being the fixed transformation ratio means for
On se référera maintenant à la Figure 2 pour décrire plus en détail le transformateur de commutation et le transformateur de couplage, ainsi que les moyens anti-surtension.We will now refer to Figure 2 to describe more in detail the switching transformer and the coupling transformer, as well as the anti-surge means.
Le transformateur de commutation 210 comprend un enroulement
primaire 220 aux bornes duquel est appliquée la tension d'entrée VE et
un enroulement secondaire 230 comportant, par exemple, six sorties de
division : 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, et, 242, respectivement reliées à six
commutateurs C232, C234, C236, C238, C240 et, C242, lesquels sont
également reliés à la sortie des moyens de division de tension 210. Par
ailleurs, un septième commutateur relie la sortie de division 232 à la
sortie des moyens de division de tension 210. Ainsi, par le choix d'une
commutation de deux commutateurs, il est possible de faire varier la
tension additionnelle, par exemple, de -8 à +24% de la tension d'entrée.The switching transformer 210 comprises a
Le transformateur de couplage 118 comprend un enroulement
secondaire 246 auquel est appliquée la tension complémentaire k'.VD et
un enroulement primaire 248 auquel est appliqué la tension additionnelle
VD. Ce transformateur est à rapport fixe k' et permet d'additionner à la
tension d'entrée VE une tension supplémentaire égale à k.k'. VE = K. VE.The
De plus, le dispositif d'adaptation comporte un commutateur de
surtension 250 et une résistance anti-surtension 252 montés en parallèle
avec l'enroulement primaire 248.In addition, the adaptation device comprises a switch of
On a représenté sur la Figure 3, le schéma de la Figure 2 auquel on a ajouté des moyens de commande pour commander les commutateurs, des moyens de contrôle et des moyens de mesure de la tension de sortie VS.FIG. 3 shows the diagram of FIG. 2 to which control means for controlling the switches, control means and means for measuring the output voltage V S have been added .
A la base de tout dispositif de régulation, il est nécessaire d'avoir des moyens de mesure. Sur la Figure 3 des moyens de mesure 354 mesurent la tension de sortie du dispositif d'adaptation à une fréquence multiple de celle du réseau électrique, soit par exemple de 1000 Hz pour une tension de fréquence 50 Hz, soit une périodicité de 1 ms. En fait le signal est échantillonné par les moyens de mesure de manière à calculer la valeur efficace de la tension. Pour ne pas alourdir la description nous parlerons de la valeur de tension pour valeur efficace de la tension.At the base of any regulation device, it is necessary to have measuring means. In Figure 3 measuring means 354 measure the output voltage of the adaptation device at a frequency multiple of that of the electrical network, for example 1000 Hz for a frequency voltage of 50 Hz, ie a periodicity of 1 ms. In fact, signal is sampled by the measuring means so as to calculate the rms value of the voltage. To not weigh down the description we let's talk about the voltage value for rms value of the voltage.
En conséquence, les moyens de mesure 354 sont aptes à fournir une mesure de la valeur de tension de sortie VS à des moyens de contrôle 360.As a result, the measuring means 354 are able to provide a measurement of the output voltage value V S to control means 360.
Les moyens de contrôle 360 comportent des moyens de
comparaison 361 pour comparer la tension de sortie VS mesurée par les
moyens de mesure 354 à une tension prédéterminée Vmax qui ne doit
pas être dépassée ou être dépassée le moins longtemps possible. Cette
tension Vmax correspond, par exemple, pour l'énergie électrique
distribuée en basse tension en France en zone rurale à un excès de 6%
de la valeur nominale 230 V, soit 244 V. Lorsque la tension de sortie VS
est supérieure à la tension prédéterminée Vmax, des moyens 362
élaborent un signal apte à ordonner aux moyens de commande 363 la
fermeture du commutateur anti-surtension 250.The control means 360 comprise comparison means 361 for comparing the output voltage V S measured by the measuring means 354 with a predetermined voltage Vmax which must not be exceeded or exceeded as short as possible. This voltage V max corresponds, for example, to the electrical energy distributed in low voltage in France in rural areas to an excess of 6% of the 230 V nominal value, ie 244 V. When the output voltage V S is greater than the predetermined voltage V max , means 362 develop a signal capable of ordering the control means 363 closing the
Le dispositif anti-surtension est activé prioritairement. En outre, son activation est suivie d'un processus de commutation des commutateurs C332 et C337 de manière à être sur un rapport de transformation K égal à 1 pendant une certaine durée pouvant être égale à 1 s. La désactivation du commutateur anti-surtension 350 intervient dès que la commutation des commutateurs C332 et C337 a été effectuée.The anti-surge device is activated as a priority. In addition, its activation is followed by a process of switching switches C332 and C337 so as to be on a report of transformation K equal to 1 for a certain duration that can be equal at 1 s. The deactivation of the anti-surge switch 350 occurs as soon as that switching of switches C332 and C337 has been performed.
Ce dispositif permet à la fois de diminuer le pic de tension et la durée pendant laquelle la tension est supérieure à Vmax soit 244 V.This device makes it possible both to reduce the peak voltage and the time during which the voltage is greater than V max is 244 V.
Les moyens de contrôle comprennent des moyens 364 pour
élaborer une valeur de tension prédite Vpred à un instant de mesure t à
partir des mesures de tension de sortie aux instants t, t - aT et t - 2aT ;
T étant la période entre deux mesures de la tension et a un entier. Selon
un exemple particulier, T vaut 1 ms et a vaut 10. Ainsi, la valeur de
tension prédite Vpred est élaborée à un instant t, à partir des valeurs de
tension de sortie mesurées aux instants t-10ms et t-20ms. Un exemple de
calcul de la tension prédite est donné par la formule suivante :
Cette valeur prédite correspond à une valeur de tension de sortie estimée dans un avenir déterminé et ce, en tenant compte des valeurs de la tension de sortie à l'instant t, à l'instant t moins une demi-période du signal et à l'instant t moins une période du signal. This predicted value corresponds to an estimated output voltage value in a given future, taking into account the values of the output voltage at time t , at time t minus a half-period of the signal, and at the same time. moment t less a period of the signal.
De plus, les moyens de contrôle comprennent des moyens de comparaison 365 pour comparer la tension prédite Vpred à une tension paramétrable Vmin. Lorsque la tension prédite Vpred est inférieure à la valeur de seuil Vmin, des moyens 368 élaborent un signal apte à fournir des informations aux moyens de commande 363 de manière à ce qu'ils commandent les commutateurs selon une procédure de régulation dite "rapide" visant à revenir immédiatement à une valeur Vcible égale à la tension de consigne Vc. Cette consigne sera généralement choisie proche de la valeur nominale du réseau. Cette procédure sera décrite en détail dans la suite de la description.In addition, the control means comprise comparison means 365 for comparing the predicted voltage V pred to a configurable voltage V min . When the predicted voltage V pred is lower than the threshold value Vmin, means 368 produce a signal capable of supplying information to the control means 363 so that they control the switches according to a so-called "fast" control procedure. aiming to immediately return to a value Vcible equal to the setpoint voltage Vc. This setpoint will generally be chosen close to the nominal value of the network. This procedure will be described in detail in the following description.
Les moyens de contrôle comprennent également des moyens 367 pour calculer la vitesse de variation ΔV de la tension de sortie VS sur n périodes précédentes et pour comparer cette vitesse de variation à une Valeur Vv prédéterminée. Cette valeur est prise proche du produit de la tension nominale par la grandeur ΔK qui vaut la différence entre deux rapports consécutifs K. Par exemple, Vv vaudra 6 V par 60 ms, la variation étant mesurée sur 3 périodes de la tension. Lorsque la vitesse de variation ΔV est supérieure à Vv des moyens 368 élaborent un signal apte à fournir des informations aux moyens de commande 363 afin qu'ils commandent la fermeture des commutateurs selon une procédure dite rapide, et lorsque ΔV est inférieur à Vv des moyens 369 élaborent un signal apte à fournir des informations aux moyens de commande 363 afin que la procédure dite "lente" soit poursuivie.The control means also comprise means 367 for calculating the rate of variation ΔV of the output voltage V S over n preceding periods and for comparing this rate of variation with a predetermined value V v . This value is taken close to the product of the nominal voltage by the magnitude ΔK which is the difference between two consecutive ratios K. For example, V v will be 6 V by 60 ms, the variation being measured over 3 periods of the voltage. When the speed of variation ΔV is greater than V v means 368 develop a signal capable of providing information to the control means 363 so that they control the closing of the switches according to a so-called fast procedure, and when ΔV is less than V v means 369 develop a signal capable of providing information to the control means 363 so that the so-called "slow" procedure is continued.
Les modes de régulation dites procédure "lente" et procédure "rapide" seront décrits plus en détail dans la suite de la description.The regulation modes called "slow" procedure and procedure "fast" will be described in more detail in the following description.
En outre, de préférence et par sécurité, les moyens de
comparaison 361 comparent également la tension de sortie VS à une
tension prédéterminée Vinf < Vmin, cette tension étant proche du seuil
bas de la valeur contractuelle du distributeur. Lorsque la tension de sortie
Vs est inférieure à Vinf, les moyens 368 élaborent un signal apte à fournir
des informations aux moyens de commande 363 afin qu'ils commandent
la fermeture des commutateurs selon une procédure dite "rapide".In addition, preferably and for safety reasons, the comparison means 361 also compare the output voltage V S with a predetermined voltage V inf <V min , this voltage being close to the low threshold of the contract value of the distributor. When the output voltage V s is less than V inf , the
On se référera maintenant à la Figure 4 pour décrire les trois procédures de régulation.Reference is now made to Figure 4 to describe the three regulatory procedures.
Dans le cas de la régulation lente, le nouveau rapport de transformation tiendra compte du précédent rapport de transformation, d'une tension "cible" Vcible et de la valeur de la tension à réguler Vreg. Tel que nous l'expliciterons plus en détail dans la suite de la description, la valeur de la tension cible Vcible pourra être prise égale à la valeur de la tension de consigne, laquelle sera généralement proche de la tension nominale du réseau. La tension à réguler Vreg pourra quant à elle valoir la tension de sortie VS mesurée à l'instant t du déclenchement de la régulation rapide, ou la tension prédite Vpred à ce même instant.In the case of slow regulation, the new transformation ratio will take into account the previous transformation ratio, a target voltage V target and the value of the voltage to be regulated V reg . As we will explain in more detail in the following description, the value of the target voltage V target can be taken equal to the value of the target voltage, which will generally be close to the rated voltage of the network. The voltage to be regulated V reg can itself be worth the output voltage V S measured at the instant t of the triggering of the fast regulation, or the predicted voltage V pred at the same time.
La régulation lente vient se substituer à la régulation rapide à la triple condition que la tension de sortie ne soit pas inférieure à Vinf, que la tension prédite ne soit pas inférieure à Vmin, et que les variations de la tension de sortie soient lentes (ΔV < Vv). Dans ces conditions, on s'autorise à changer le rapport de transformation d'un cran (c'est-à-dire qu'on passe sur le rapport immédiatement inférieur ou supérieur à celui activé précédemment) au minimum ntemp secondes (ntemp entier) après la précédente commutation des commutateurs. La durée de cette temporisation ntemp est calculée de manière à maintenir le scintillement en dessous du niveau de gêne (ce niveau de gêne est caractérisé par une courbe empirique reliant la variation de tension à la fréquence de cette variation). Slow regulation is a substitute for fast regulation with the triple condition that the output voltage is not less than V inf , that the predicted voltage is not less than V min , and that the variations of the output voltage are slow. (ΔV <V v ). Under these conditions, it is allowed to change the transformation ratio of a notch (that is to say we pass on the ratio immediately below or above that activated previously) at least n temp seconds (n temp integer) after the previous switching of the switches. The duration of this delay n temp is calculated so as to keep the flicker below the level of discomfort (this level of discomfort is characterized by an empirical curve connecting the voltage variation to the frequency of this variation).
Le mode de régulation "rapide" est le mode principal de régulation. Il est appelé dans plusieurs cas, et de manière différente selon chacun de ces cas : la différence réside dans les valeurs de tension cible Vcible et de tension à réguler Vreg qui interviennent dans le calcul du nouveau rapport de transformation.The "fast" control mode is the main mode of regulation. It is called in several cases, and in a different way according to each of these cases: the difference lies in the values of target voltage V target and voltage to be regulated V reg which are involved in the calculation of the new transformation ratio.
La procédure de régulation "lente" n'autorise le passage que d'un rapport de transformation à un autre consécutif et à la fin d'une temporisation valant ntemp secondes (ntemp entier). La tension cible Vcible vaut alors la tension de consigne et la tension à réguler Vreg vaut la tension de sortie. En conséquence, l'écart constaté entre la tension de sortie VS et la tension de consigne (qui peut valoir la tension nominale du réseau) sera réduit par une augmentation ou une diminution du rapport de transformation immédiatement supérieur ou immédiatement inférieur, ce qui correspond, dans l'exemple considéré, à une modification d'environ 2% de la tension de sortie.The "slow" regulation procedure only allows the passage of one transformation report to another consecutive and at the end of a delay equal to n temp seconds (n integer time ). The target voltage V target is then the target voltage and the voltage to be regulated V reg is the output voltage. Consequently, the difference found between the output voltage V S and the target voltage (which may be the nominal voltage of the network) will be reduced by an increase or decrease in the immediately higher or immediately lower transformation ratio, which corresponds to in the example considered, a modification of about 2% of the output voltage.
Cette procédure est dite "lente" car les menaces qui pèsent sur les écarts de la tension de sortie Vs par rapport à la tension nominale de 230 V sont faibles. En effet, la valeur prédite ne dépasse pas le seuil prédéterminé, c'est-à-dire que la tension de sortie ne semble pas s'écarter de façon importante de la tension nominale dans un avenir déterminé, et compte tenu de sa vitesse de variation elle ne semble pas non plus s'écarter de la tension nominale dans un avenir plus proche.This procedure is called "slow" because the threats to the deviations of the output voltage V s from the nominal voltage of 230 V are low. Indeed, the predicted value does not exceed the predetermined threshold, that is to say that the output voltage does not seem to deviate significantly from the nominal voltage in a given future, and given its speed of variation it also does not seem to deviate from the nominal voltage in the near future.
En conséquence, l'écart constaté entre la tension de sortie Vs et la tension nominale ou la tension de consigne sera réduit par une augmentation ou une diminution du rapport de transformation immédiatement supérieur ou immédiatement inférieur, ce qui correspond, dans l'exemple considéré, à une modification d'environ 2% de la tension de sortie. Par ailleurs, la temporisation est dans ce mode, par exemple, de 18 s, c'est-à-dire que l'on maintient pendant au moins 18 s ce rapport de transformation. Compte tenu de la vitesse d'évolution de la tension de sortie, on peut raisonnablement penser que les écarts de tension ne se produiront pas dans les 18 s qui suivent, d'une part, et d'autre part le fait que la commutation intervient toutes les 18 s évite de générer un scintillement gênant pour les usagers lorsque la variation de tension est de 2%.Consequently, the difference found between the output voltage V s and the nominal voltage or the target voltage will be reduced by an increase or decrease in the immediately higher or immediately lower transformation ratio, which corresponds, in the example considered , at a change of about 2% of the output voltage. Furthermore, the delay is in this mode, for example, 18 s, that is to say that is maintained for at least 18 s this transformation ratio. Given the rate of evolution of the output voltage, it is reasonable to assume that the voltage differences will not occur in the following 18 s, on the one hand, and on the other hand the fact that switching occurs every 18 s avoids generating annoying flicker for users when the voltage variation is 2%.
Le mode de régulation "rapide" est appelé, dans un premier cas lorsque la tension de sortie est inférieure à Vinf. Si l'indice de fiabilité que l'on a de la valeur de tension prédite Vpred est bon, la valeur cible Vcible pour le calcul du nouveau rapport de transformation vaudra la tension de consigne VC (proche de la tension nominale généralement), et dans le cas contraire, Vcible vaudra une valeur comprise entre Vinf et VC. La notion d'indice de fiabilité sera décrite lors de la description complète de l'organigramme de régulation.The "fast" regulation mode is called, in a first case when the output voltage is lower than V inf . If the reliability index that one has of the predicted voltage value V pred is good, the target value V target for the calculation of the new transformation ratio will be worth the nominal voltage V C (close to the nominal voltage generally) , and in the opposite case, V target will be worth a value between V inf and V C. The notion of reliability index will be described in the complete description of the flowchart.
Dans un second cas, elle est appelée lorsque Vpred est inférieure à Vmin . Si l'indice de fiabilité est bon, Vcible vaudra VC, et la tension à réguler Vreg vaudra la tension de sortie VS. Dans le cas où la fiabilité est insuffisante, aucune action n'est déclenchée. On comprend que ce test permet d'anticiper une baisse de VS en-dessous de Vinf, mais la régulation n'est alors déclenchée que si cette prédiction est fiable.In a second case, it is called when V pred is less than V min . If the reliability index is good, V target will be worth V C , and the voltage to be regulated Vreg will be worth the output voltage V S. In the case where the reliability is insufficient, no action is triggered. It is understood that this test makes it possible to anticipate a decrease of V S below V inf , but the regulation is then triggered only if this prediction is reliable.
Dans un dernier cas, la régulation "rapide" est appelée lorsque la variation de tension de sortie est supérieure à Vv. De même que dans le cas précédent, aucune action n'est déclenchée si la fiabilité est insuffisante.In a last case, the "fast" regulation is called when the variation of the output voltage is greater than V v . As in the previous case, no action is triggered if the reliability is insufficient.
La procédure de régulation "lente" est quant à elle choisie dans les autres cas, c'est-à-dire lorsque la tension de sortie VS est inférieure à Vmax et à la triple condition que Veff soit supérieure à Vinf, que Vpred soit supérieure à Vmin et que V soit inférieure à Vv. The "slow" regulation procedure is chosen for the other cases, that is to say when the output voltage V S is less than V max and the triple condition that V eff is greater than V inf , that V pred is greater than V min and V is less than Vv.
Dans les deux modes de régulation on élabore selon 470 le
rapport de transformation à appliquer pour revenir le plus rapidement à la
valeur cible Vcible. Dans le cas de la régulation rapide, si le moyen de test
471 montre que ce rapport n'est pas égal au précédent, on détermine les
contacteurs à fermer 474 et on active la procédure de commande 475.
Dans le cas de la régulation lente; on passe sur le rapport de
transformation immédiatement inférieur ou immédiatement supérieur
selon 473 puis on élabore un signal apte à donner aux moyens de
commande des indications sur les commutateurs à fermer, lesdits moyens
de commande activant 475 et désactivant les commutateurs
correspondants.In both control modes, the transformation ratio to be applied is developed according to 470 to return as quickly as possible to the target value V target . In the case of the fast control, if the test means 471 shows that this ratio is not equal to the previous one, the
On fera référence à la Figure 5 pour décrire l'organigramme complet de fonctionnement de l'ensemble adaptateur de tension.Reference is made to Figure 5 to describe the flowchart complete operation of the voltage adapter assembly.
Cet organigramme comporte une étape de test correspondant à
un choix conditionnel de régulation en fonction de l'indice de fiabilité de la
valeur de tension prédite Vpred déjà mentionnée dans la description. Cet
indice de fiabilité permet de savoir si la prédiction que l'on a faite de la
valeur de tension dans un avenir déterminé est bonne ou mauvaise.
Avantageusement, cet indice de fiabilité est mesuré par le calcul de la
variance associé au calcul de la valeur prédite. Tout comme pour le calcul
de la tension prédite, de manière générale, on calcule à l'instant t, en
fonction des valeurs de la tension aux instants t, t - aT et t - 2aT, une
variance associée. En reprenant l'exemple donné pour le calcul de Vpred
aux instants t, t - 10 ms et t - 20 ms, la variance associée est calculée par
l'expression :
De façon préférentielle, le processus de régulation est commandé
par un automate programmable qui conformément audit organigramme de
la Figure 4 ordonne tout d'abord, selon le premier test 582, de comparer
la valeur de la tension de sortie VS avec la tension maximale Vmax.Preferably, the regulation process is controlled by a programmable controller which according to said flowchart of FIG. 4 firstly orders, according to the
Si la tension de sortie est supérieure à Vmax, le mode anti-surtension
583 est déclenché. Néanmoins, il est un cas où la résistance
anti-surtension ne sera pas connectée lorsque VS > Vmax : c'est celui où
la surtension est provoquée par un déséquilibre du réseau. Ce cas est
détecté par le fait que l'on a une surtension alors même que le rapport de
transformation k.k' est inférieur à la borne supérieure prévue par la
norme, soit 6% dans le cas des zones rurales en France.If the output voltage is greater than V max , the
Dans le cas où la tension de sortie est inférieure à Vmax, le
processeur de l'automate effectue un deuxième test 584 comparant la
valeur de la tension de sortie avec la valeur Vinf équivalent, par exemple,
à 207 V (c'est-à-dire - 10% de la valeur nominale 230 V). Si la tension de
sortie est inférieure à Vinf, le processeur effectue un troisième test 585
sur la variance, et si elle est inférieure au seuil il déclenche le mode de
régulation "rapide" 586, avec une valeur Vcible égale à la consigne VC,
sinon il déclenche le mode de régulation "rapide" 587 avec une valeur de
cible Vcible comprise entre Vmin et VC.In the case where the output voltage is less than V max , the processor of the PLC carries out a
Si la tension de sortie est supérieure à Vinf, un quatrième test 588
portant sur la valeur de la tension prédite est réalisé. Si Vpred est
inférieure à Vmin, un cinquième test 589 sur la variance est réalisé, et si
elle est inférieure au seuil, le mode de régulation "rapide" 590 est
déclenché; sinon aucun nouveau mode de régulation n'est déclenché. If the output voltage is greater than V inf , a
Si la tension prédite est supérieure à Vmin, un sixième test 591
compare la vitesse de variation de la tension sur les n dernières périodes
(par exemple n = 3) et si cette variation ΔV est inférieure à Vv, le test 595
est effectué, si son résultat est négatif, la fin de la temporisation est
attendue et si son résultat est positif le mode de régulation "lent" 593 est
déclenché, si cette variation ΔV est supérieure à Vv un dernier test 592
compare la variance associée à la valeur de la tension prédite à la valeur
seuil. A l'issue de cette comparaison, le mode de régulation "rapide" 594,
est déclenché si la variance est inférieure audit seuil, avec une valeur
cible Vcible égale à la tension de sortie n périodes plus tôt et une valeur à
réguler Vreg égale à la tension de sortie à l'instant t, sinon aucun nouveau
mode de régulation n'est déclenché.If the predicted voltage is greater than V min , a
La description faite ci-dessus envisage d'effectuer une régulation sur un réseau monophasé. En revanche, de façon préférentielle, l'ensemble adaptateur selon l'invention, comprend en outre, dans le cas d'un réseau triphasé, une pluralité de moyens pour faire la somme des tensions sur chacune des phases. Lesdits moyens étant physiquement indépendants sur chacune des phases.The description made above envisages regulating on a single-phase network. In contrast, preferentially, the adapter assembly according to the invention furthermore comprises, in the case of a three-phase network, a plurality of means for summing the tensions on each phase. Said means being physically independent on each phase.
En effet, cette configuration permet de s'affranchir des couplages électromagnétiques entre phases au niveau des transformateurs. Les moyens diviseurs de tension demeurent avec un primaire couplé étoile.Indeed, this configuration makes it possible to get rid of couplings electromagnetic phase between transformers. The Voltage divider means remain with a star coupled prime.
Claims (6)
- Voltage adapter unit comprising a voltage adaptation device to which is applied an input voltage VE to be adapted and provided with voltage divider means for generating an additional voltage VD equal to kVE, means (118) for summing said input voltage VE and a fraction of said additional voltage VD, means for applying a voltage VS to the output of said adaptation device, means (116, 354) for measuring said output voltage VS; and monitoring means (112) for generating information representative of the ratio k to be applied to said voltage divider,
characterised in that said measurement means (354) deliver output voltage values with a periodicity T;
and in that said monitoring means (360) comprise:means (364) for generating a predicted voltage value Vpred as a function of said output voltage values;means (365, 368) for comparing the predicted voltage Vpred with a predetermined value Vmin and for starting up a fast regulation procedure if Vpred < Vmin; andmeans (367) for calculating the variation of the output voltage ΔV over a number n of measurement periods and, if Vpred > Vmin, for comparing said calculated voltage variation with a predetermined voltage variation value Vv and for starting up said fast regulation procedure if ΔV > Vv and for starting up a slow regulation procedure in the opposite case. - Adapter unit according to Claim 1, characterised in that it further comprises an overvoltage switch (250) and an anti-overvoltage resistor (252) mounted in parallel on said means (118) for summing the voltages, and means (363) for controlling the open or closed state of said switch (250).
- Adapter unit according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said means (364) for generating a predicted voltage value Vpred generate a predicted voltage value Vpred at a measurement time t on the basis of the measurements of output voltage at the times t, t - aT and t - 2aT.
- Adapter unit according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that said monitoring means (112) further comprise means (361) for comparing said measured output voltage VS with a predetermined voltage Vmax > Vmin and means (362) for generating a signal to close said overvoltage switch (250) if said output voltage is greater than Vmax.
- Adapter unit according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that said monitoring means (360) further comprise means (361) for comparing said measured output voltage VS with a predetermined voltage Vinf < Vmin and means (368) for starting up said fast regulation procedure if said measured voltage is lower than Vinf·
- Adapter unit according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it further comprises, in the case of a three-phase network, a plurality of means for summing the voltages on each of the phases, by which said means for summing the voltages are physically independent on each of the phases.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200130378T SI1279084T1 (en) | 2000-04-13 | 2001-04-13 | Voltage adapter assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0004750 | 2000-04-13 | ||
FR0004750A FR2807883B1 (en) | 2000-04-13 | 2000-04-13 | VOLTAGE ADAPTER ASSEMBLY |
PCT/FR2001/001153 WO2001079953A1 (en) | 2000-04-13 | 2001-04-13 | Voltage adapter assembly |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1279084A1 EP1279084A1 (en) | 2003-01-29 |
EP1279084B1 true EP1279084B1 (en) | 2005-05-11 |
Family
ID=8849219
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01925651A Expired - Lifetime EP1279084B1 (en) | 2000-04-13 | 2001-04-13 | Voltage adapter assembly |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1279084B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE295564T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001252339A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0110005A (en) |
DE (1) | DE60110780D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2242744T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2807883B1 (en) |
MA (1) | MA25789A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA02010160A (en) |
PT (1) | PT1279084E (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001079953A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103064454A (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-24 | 上海美迪馨电子科技有限公司 | Single-phase precision alternating-current voltage stabilizer |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB544312A (en) * | 1939-10-30 | 1942-04-08 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements in transformer voltage regulating systems |
JPH08124768A (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1996-05-17 | Shiiku Densetsu:Kk | On-load tap changing type ac constant voltage device |
US5712554A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1998-01-27 | Thomas E. Dorn | Voltage compensation device |
US5808454A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1998-09-15 | Chung; Young Choon | Alternating current power control device |
-
2000
- 2000-04-13 FR FR0004750A patent/FR2807883B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-04-13 DE DE60110780T patent/DE60110780D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-13 PT PT01925651T patent/PT1279084E/en unknown
- 2001-04-13 MX MXPA02010160A patent/MXPA02010160A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-13 ES ES01925651T patent/ES2242744T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-13 BR BR0110005-0A patent/BR0110005A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-13 EP EP01925651A patent/EP1279084B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-13 WO PCT/FR2001/001153 patent/WO2001079953A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-13 AU AU2001252339A patent/AU2001252339A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-13 AT AT01925651T patent/ATE295564T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-10-08 MA MA26855A patent/MA25789A1/en unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103064454A (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-24 | 上海美迪馨电子科技有限公司 | Single-phase precision alternating-current voltage stabilizer |
CN103064454B (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2016-01-20 | 上海美迪馨电子科技有限公司 | A kind of single-phase precision alternating-current voltage stabilizer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2001079953A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
FR2807883A1 (en) | 2001-10-19 |
EP1279084A1 (en) | 2003-01-29 |
BR0110005A (en) | 2003-02-11 |
MA25789A1 (en) | 2003-07-01 |
PT1279084E (en) | 2005-09-30 |
FR2807883B1 (en) | 2002-07-12 |
ATE295564T1 (en) | 2005-05-15 |
DE60110780D1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
AU2001252339A1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
ES2242744T3 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
MXPA02010160A (en) | 2005-06-06 |
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