Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
  • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
  • G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
  • G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
  • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
  • H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
  • H04B10/2513—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
  • H04B10/2525—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion using dispersion-compensating fibres
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
  • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
  • G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
  • G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
  • G02B6/02252—Negative dispersion fibres at 1550 nm
  • G02B6/02261—Dispersion compensating fibres, i.e. for compensating positive dispersion of other fibres
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
  • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
  • G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
  • G02B6/0228—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion slope properties around 1550 nm
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
  • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
  • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
  • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
  • G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
  • G02B6/03627—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
  • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
  • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
  • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
  • G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
  • G02B6/03644—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - + -
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
  • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
  • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
  • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
  • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
  • G02B6/29371—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion
  • G02B6/29374—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide
  • G02B6/29376—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide coupling light guides for controlling wavelength dispersion, e.g. by concatenation of two light guides having different dispersion properties
  • G02B6/29377—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide coupling light guides for controlling wavelength dispersion, e.g. by concatenation of two light guides having different dispersion properties controlling dispersion around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
  • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
  • H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
  • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
  • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
  • G02B6/0281—Graded index region forming part of the central core segment, e.g. alpha profile, triangular, trapezoidal core

Definitions

• Dispersion-Compensating Optical Fiber and, Optical Transmission Line and Dispersion-Compensating Module respectively including the Same Technical Field
• the present invention relates to a dispersion-compensating optical fiber which compensates for the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of a dispersion-shifted optical fiber, an optical transmission line including the dispersion-shifted optical fiber and dispersion-compensating optical fiber, and a dispersion-compensating module formed by winding the dispersion-shifted optical fiber like a coil.
• Background Art For achieving further higher speed and larger capacity in optical transmission systems which carry out wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical transmission, it is important that the absolute value of accumulated chromatic dispersion be as small as possible in a wide signalwavelength band.
• WDM wavelength division multiplexing
• HEI 6-11620 discloses a technique in which a standard single-mode optical fiber (SMF) having a zero-dispersion wavelength near a wavelength of 1.3/m and a dispersion-compensating optical fiber (DCF) which compensates for the chromatic dispersion of this standard single-mode optical fiber at a wavelength of 1550 nm are connected to each other, so as to reduce the absolute value of accumulated chromatic dispersion of the optical transmission line constructed by thus connected optical fibers in a 1 .55-jUm. wavelength band.
• SMF standard single-mode optical fiber
• DCF dispersion-compensating optical fiber
• U.S. Patent No.5,838,867 discloses a technique in which a non-zero dispersion-shifted optical fiber (NZDSF) having a small positive chromatic dispersion at a wavelength of 1550 nm and a dispersion-compensating optical fiber which compensates forthechromatic dispersionanddispersion slope of this dispersion-shifted optical fiber are connected to each other, so as to lower the absolute value of accumulated chromatic dispersion of the optical transmission line constructed by thus connected optical fibers in a 1.55- jbt wavelength band.
• NZDSF non-zero dispersion-shifted optical fiber
• the chromatic dispersion of a standard single-mode optical fiber (SMF) at a wavelength of 1550 nm is referred to as D SMF/ and its dispersion slope is referred to as S SMF .
• the chromatic dispersion of a non-zero dispersion-shifted optical fiber (NZDSF) at a wavelength of 1550 nm is referred to as D DSF , and its dispersion slope is referred to as S DSF -
• the chromatic dispersion of a dispersion-compensating optical fiber (DCF) at a wavelength of 1550 nm is referred to as D DCF ⁇ and its dispersion slope is referred to as S DC F-
• DCF dispersion-compensating optical fiber
• a dispersion-compensating optical fiber for compensating for both of the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber that its ratio (S DCF /D DCF ) of dispersion slope S DCF to the chromatic dispersion D DCF be substantially equal to the ratio (S DSF /D DSF ) of dispersion slope S DSF to the chromatic dispersion D DSF of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber. Disclosure of -the Invention The inventors have studied conventional optical transmission lines in detail and, and as a result, have found problems as follows.
• dispersion-shifted optical fibers As compared with standard single-mode optical fibers, dispersion-shifted optical fibers have a greater ratio (S D S F /D D S F ) at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Therefore, it is necessary for dispersion-compensating optical fibers for DSF to have a greater ratio (S D ⁇ F/D D S F ) at the wavelength of 1550 nm as compared with dispersion-compensating optical fibers for SMF.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber for SMF disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. HEI 6-11620 compensates for the chromatic dispersion of a standard single-mode optical fiber having a zero-dispersion wavelength near a wavelength of 1.3 /m and a large chromatic dispersion at a wavelength of 1550 nm, and has a negative chromatic dispersionwith a large absolute value. Therefore, this dispersion-compensating optical fiber for SMF is suitable for compensating for the chromatic dispersion of the standard single-mode optical fiber. However, this dispersion-compensating optical fiber for SMF is not sufficient for compensating for the dispersion slope.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber for DSF disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,838,867 can compensate for both of the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of a non-zero dispersion-shifted optical fiber having a small positive chromatic dispersion at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Since this dispersion-compensating optical fiber for DSF has a chromatic dispersion with a small absolute value, a long dispersion-compensating optical fiber for DSF is needed for compensating for both of the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the non-zero dispersion-shifted optical fiber.
• the non-zero dispersion-shifted optical fiber disclosed in the document 1 S. Bigo, et al., "1.5 Terabit/s WDM transmission of 150 channels at 10 Gbit/s over 4 x 100 km of TeraLightTM fibre," ECOC'99, PD (1999), has a chromatic dispersion of +8 ps/nm/km and a dispersion slope of +0.06 ps/nm 2 /km at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
• the non-zero dispersion-shifted optical fiber disclosed in the document 2 D.W. Peckham, et al., "Reduced dispersion slope, non-zero dispersion fiber," ECOC'98, pp.
• 139-140 (1998), has a chromatic dispersion of +4 ps/nm/km and a dispersion slope of +0.046 ps/nm 2 /km at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
• a dispersion-compensating optical fiber for DSF having a length of 8 km to 16 km is necessary.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention has, at a wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion D DCF of -40 ps/nm/km or less and a ratio (SDCF/D D C F ) of dispersion slope S D CF to the chromatic dispersion D DCF of 0.005/nm or more.
• the chromatic dispersion D D C F is -100 ps/nm/km or more but -40 ps/nm/km or less, and the ratio (S DCF /D D CF) of dispersion slope S DCF to the chromatic dispersion D D C F is 0.005/nm or more but 0.015/nm or less.
• this dispersion-compensating optical fiber can compensate for the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of a dispersion-shifted optical fiber in a wide band including a wavelength of 1550 nm by a short length .
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention preferably has an effective area of l ⁇ jil 2 , more preferably 20 zm 2 or more at the wavelength of 1550 nm. In this case, it can restrain four-wave mixing from occurring and suppress deterioration in the waveforms of light signals propagating therethrough.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention preferably has a cutoff wavelength of 1.2jLi ⁇ a. or more but 1.8 Zm or less, more preferably 1.4 jLim or more but 1.8 /m or less.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention preferably has a transmission loss of 0.5 dB/kmor less at awavelengthof 1550 nm. In this case, bending loss can be restrained from increasing since the cutoff wavelength is longer than that conventionally obtained, and lower loss is attained even when the optical fiber is formed into a cable or module, since the transmission loss lies within the numerical range mentioned above as well.
• the dispersion-shifted optical fiber according to the present invention preferably has a core region extending along a predetermined axis and having a first refractive index, and a cladding region surrounding around the outer periphery of the core region.
• the cladding region includes a first cladding surrounding around the outer periphery of the core region and having a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index, a second cladding surrounding around the outer periphery of the first cladding and having a third refractive index higher than the second refractive index, and a third cladding surrounding around the outer periphery of the second cladding and having a fourth refractive index lower than the third refractive index.
• the core region preferably has a relative refractive index difference of 0.8% or more but 2.0% or less, more preferably 0.8% or more but 1.5% or less, with reference to the fourth refractive index of the third cladding.
• the first cladding preferably has a relative refractive index difference of -0.4% or lower with reference to the fourth refractive index ofthethirdcladding .
• the ratio (S D C F /D D C F ) preferably changes by 10% or less when the outside diameter of the second cladding changes by 2%.
• a dispersion-compensating optical fiber having a desirable chromatic dispersion characteristic can be made easily.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention preferably has the chromatic dispersion D D C F is -250 ps/nm/km or more but -120 ps/nm/km or less, the ratio (S D C F /D D C F ) of dispersion slope S DC F to the chromatic dispersion D D C F is 0.005/nm or more, and an effective area of lOj 2 or more but 20 J.m 2 or less, morepreferably (20-
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber preferably has a transmission of 1.0 dB/km or less.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber has the core region, and the cladding region including the first to thirdcladding. And, it is preferably that a relative refractive index difference of the core region with respect to the third cladding is 2.0% or more but 3.0% or less, and that a relative refractive index difference of the first cladding with respect to the third cladding is -0.4% or less.
• the optical transmission line according to the present invention has a repeater section laid with the above-mentioned dispersion-compensating optical fiber; and a dispersion-shifted optical fiber fusion-spliced to the dispersion-compensating optical fiber.
• the dispersion-shifted optical fiber has, at a wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion of +2 ps/nm/km or more but +10 ps/nm/kmor less, and a dispersion slope of +0.04 ps/nm 2 /km or more but +0.12 ps/nm 2 /km or less.
• optical transmission line yields, on the whole, an average chromatic dispersion with a small absolute value and an average dispersion slopewith a small absolute value at thewavelength of 1550 nm.
• this optical transmission line has, on the whole, an average chromatic dispersion with a small absolute value and a small average transmission loss in a wide wavelength band including a wavelength of 1550 nm.
• the optical transmission line yields a low average transmission loss
• the average chromatic dispersion has a small absolute value
• optical transmission with a high bit rate is possible in a wide wavelength band (including at least the C band and further the L band) including the wavelength of 1550 nm. Therefore, this optical transmission system can elongate the repeater section and achieve further higher speed and larger capacity in optical communications .
• the dispersion-compensating module according to the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned dispersion-compensating optical fiber is wound like a coil so as to form a module.
• the dispersion-compensating module in which the dispersion-compensatingoptical fiber is formed into amodule compensates forthechromatic dispersionanddispersion slope of a dispersion-shifted optical fiber laid in a repeater section, and yields, on the whole, an average chromatic dispersion with a small absolute value and an average dispersion slope with a small absolute value at a wavelength of 1550 nm when the dispersion-shifted optical fiber and dispersion-compensating optical fiber have an appropriate length ratio therebetween.
• the whole of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber and dispersion-compensating module have an average chromatic dispersion with a smaller absolute value and a small average transmission loss in a wide wavelength band including the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• the dispersion-compensating module according to the present invention preferably has a total loss of 7 dB or less in a wavelength band of 1535 nm or more but 1565 nm or less, more preferably a total loss of 7 dB or less in a wavelength band of 1535 nm or more but 1610 nm or less, when yielding a dispersion-compensating amount of -640 ps/nm at thewavelength of 1550 nm.
• the total loss is preferably 3 dB or less in the wavelength band of 1535 nm or more but 1565 nm or less, more preferably 3 dB or less in the wavelength band of 1535 nm or more but 1610 nm or less, when the dispersion-compensating amount is -320 ps/nm at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• its average transmission loss is small
• its average chromatic dispersion has a small absolute value
• optical transmission with a high bit rate is possible in a wide wavelength band (wavelength band including at least the C band and further the L band) including the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• this optical transmission system can elongate the repeater section and achieve further higher speed and larger capacity in optical communications.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention preferably has, at a wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion D DCF of -40 ps/nm/km or less, a ratio (S DCF /D D C F ) of dispersion slope S D C F to the chromatic dispersion D DCF of 0.005/nm or more, and an effective area of 16 m 2 or more, more preferably 20 z m 2 or more .
• this dispersion-compensating optical fiber not only can compensate for the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of a dispersion-shifted optical fiber by a short length, but also can restrain four-wave mixing from occurring and suppress deterioration in the waveforms of light signals propagating therethrough.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention preferably has, at a wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion D DCF of -40 ps/nm/km or less, a ratio (S DCF /D D CF) of dispersion slope S D CF to the chromatic dispersion D*- ⁇ ** F of 0.005/nm or more, and a transmission loss of 0.5 dB/km or less.
• This dispersion-compensating optical fiber not only can compensate for the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of a dispersion-shifted optical fiber by a short length, but also yields a low loss even when formed into a cable or module.
• Fig. 1 is a view showing a schematic structure of an optical transmission system including an optical transmission line according to the present invention
• Fig. 2 is a view showing a schematic structure of an optical transmission system in which a dispersion-shifted optical fiber is laid as an optical transmission line, and a dispersion-compensating optical fiber is disposed as a dispersion-compensating module within a station
• Figs. 3A and 3B are views showing a cross-sectional structure of the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention and its refractive index profile, respectively;
• Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers according to the first to third embodiments at the wavelength of 1550 nm;
• Fig. 5 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of bending loss at a bending diameter of 140 mm of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers according to the first to third embodiments;
• Fig. 6 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of chromatic dispersion of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers according to the first to third embodiments;
• Fig. 7 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of average chromatic dispersion on the whole of each assembly inwhich thedispersion-compensatingoptical fiber according to each of the first to third embodiments and a dispersion-shifted optical fiber are fusion-spliced to each other;
• Fig. 8 is a view showing a schematic structure of the dispersion-compensating module according to the present invention.
• Fig. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the fourth embodiment at the wavelength of 1550 nm;
• Fig. 10 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of bending loss at a bending diameter of 140 mm of the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the fourth embodiment
• Fig. 11 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of chromatic dispersion of the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the fourth embodiment
• Fig. 12 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of average chromatic dispersion on the whole of each assembly inwhich thedispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the fourth embodiment and a dispersion-shifted optical fiber are fusion-spliced to each other;
• Fig. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers according to the fifth to seventh embodiments at the wavelength of 1550 nm;
• Fig. 14 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of bending loss at a bending diameter of 140 mm of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers according to the fifth to seventh embodiments;
• Fig. 15 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of chromatic dispersion of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers according to the fifth to seventh embodiments
• Fig. 16 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of average chromatic dispersion on the whole of each assembly inwhich the dispersion-compensatingoptical fiber according to each of the fifth to seventh embodiments and a dispersion-shifted optical fiber are fusion-spliced to each other
• Figs. 17A and 17B are views showing a cross-sectional structure of the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the comparative example and its refractive index profile, respectively; and
• Fig. 18 is a graph showing the relationship between chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the comparative example at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Best Modes for Carrying Out the Invention
• Fig. 1 is a view showing a schematic structure of an optical transmission system including an optical transmission line 30 according to the present invention.
• the optical transmission line 30 is laid in a repeater section between a station (transmitter station or repeater station) 10 and a station (receiver station or repeater station) 20.
• the optical transmission line 30 is constructed by a dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 and a dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 which are fusion-spliced to each other.
• signals having a plurality of wavelengths in a 1.55-zm wavelength band sent out from the station 10 reaches the station 20 by way of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 anddispersion-compensatingoptical fiber 32 in succession, and is received by the station 20 or is optically amplified by the station 20 so as to be further sent out to the downstream thereof .
• the dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 is a silica-based optical fiber having a small positive chromatic dispersion at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
• chromatic dispersion D D ⁇ F is +2 ps/nm/km to +10 ps/nm/km
• dispersion slope S DSF is +0.04 ps/nm 2 /km to +0.12 ps/nm 2 /km
• transmission loss is about 0.20 dB/km.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 is a silica-based optical fiber which compensates for the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• its chromatic dispersion D D C F is -40 ps/nm/km or less
• the ratio (S DC F/D D CF) of dispersion slope S DF to the chromatic dispersion D DCF is 0.005/nm or more.
• the chromatic dispersion D D CF is -100 ps/nm/km to -40 ps/nm/km, and the ratio (S DCF /D D C F ) of dispersion slope S DCF to the chromatic dispersion D D C F is 0.005/nm to 0.015/nm.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 has an effective area of 16 ⁇ m 2 or more , preferably 20 m 2 or more at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a cutoff wavelength of 1.2,6dm to l .
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 may have, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, the chromatic dispersion D DCF is -250 ps/nm/km to -120 ps/nm/km, the ratio (S D C F /DDCF) of dispersion slope S D C F to the chromatic dispersion D DCF is 0.005/nm or more, and an effective area of lOjUm 2 to 20/Zm 2 at the wavelength of 1550 nm, Also, the dispersion-compensating optical fiber has a cutoff wavelength of 1.2/Zm to 1.8/zm, preferably 1.4/m to 1.8 jLLm., and a transmission loss of 1.0 dB/km or less at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 having such characteristics can compensate for the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 in a wide band including the wavelength of 1550 nm by a short length. Also, since the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 has a chromatic dispersion within the numerical range thereof mentioned above and a sufficient effective area, it can restrain four-wave mixing from occurring and suppress deterioration in the waveforms of signals propagating therethrough.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 bending loss can be restrained from increasing since the cutoff wavelength lies within its numerical range mentioned above, and the optical transmission line 30 attains a lower loss even when formed into a cable, since the transmission loss lies within the numerical range thereof mentioned above as well.
• the optical transmission line 30 in which the dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 and the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 are fusion-spliced to each other at an appropriate length ratio has, on the whole, an average chromatic dispersion with a small absolute value and an average dispersion slope with a small absolute value at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• the optical transmission line 30 has, on the whole, an average chromatic dispersion with a smaller absolute value in a wide band including the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• the optical transmission line 30 has a small average transmission loss as awhole.
• Thedeviationof the averagechromatic dispersion of the whole optical transmission line 30 is preferably 0.2 ps/nm/km or less in a wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1560 nm (C band), more preferably 0.2 ps/nm/km or less in a wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1600 nm (C and L bands) .
• the optical transmission system 1 which carries out optical communications by making signals propagating through the optical transmission line 30, the average transmission loss of the optical transmission line 30 is small, the absolute value of average chromatic dispersion is small, and optical transmission with a high bit rate is possible in a wide wavelength band (including at least the C band and further the L band) including the wavelength of 1550 nm. Therefore, the optical transmission system 1 can elongate the repeater section and achieve further higher speed and larger capacity in optical communications.
• Fig. 2 is a view showing a schematic structure of an optical transmission system 2 in which a dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 is laid as an optical transmission line, and a dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 is disposed as a dispersion-compensating module within a station 20.
• thedispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 is laid as an optical transmission line in a repeater section between a station (transmitter station or repeater station) 10 and the station (receiver station or repeater station) 20.
• signals having a plurality of wavelengths in a 1.55- j m wavelength band sent out from the station 10 reach the station 20 by way of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 acting as the optical transmission line.
• the signals are optically amplified by an optical amplifier 21, their dispersion is compensated for by the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32, and the signals are optically amplified by an optical amplifier 22 and then is received or further sent out to the downstream thereof.
• the dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 employed as an optical transmission line in the optical transmission system 2 of Fig. 2 has characteristics similar to those of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 used as a part of the optical transmission line in the optical transmission system 1 of Fig. 1.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 employedas a dispersion-compensatingmodule in the optical transmission system 2 of Fig. 2 has characteristics similar to those of the dispersion-compensating module 32 used as a part of the optical transmission line in the optical transmission system 1 of Fig. 1.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 is disposed within the station 20 as being wound like a coil about a bobbin so as to form a module.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 having the above-mentioned characteristics can compensate for the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 in a wide band including the wavelength of 1550 nm by a short length. Also, since the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 has a chromatic dispersionwithinthenumericalrangethereofmentionedabove and a sufficient effective area, it can restrain four-wave mixing from occurring and suppress deterioration in the waveforms of signals propagating therethrough.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 can restrain bending loss from increasing since the cutoff wavelength lies within its numerical range mentioned above, and attains a lower loss even when formed into a module, since the transmission loss lies within the numerical range thereof mentioned above as well.
• the whole of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 as an optical transmission line and the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 as a dispersion-compensating module has, on the whole, an average chromatic dispersion with a small absolute value and an average dispersion slope with a small absolute value at the wavelength of 1550 nm when they have their respective appropriate lengths.
• the whole of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber 31 and dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 has an average chromatic dispersion with a smaller absolute value in a wide band including the wavelength of 1550 nm, and a small average transmission loss.
• the deviation of their total average chromatic dispersion is preferably 0.2 ps/nm/km or less in the wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1560 nm (C band), more preferably 0.2 ps/nm/km or less in the wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1600 nm (C and L bands).
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 as a dispersion-compensating module preferably has a total loss of 7 dB or less in the wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1565 nm (C band), more preferably a total loss of 7 dB or less in the wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1610 nm (C and L bands ) , when yielding a dispersion-compensating amount of -640 ps/nm at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 as a dispersion-compensating module preferably has a total loss of 3 dB or less in the wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1565 nm (C band) , more preferably a total loss of 3 dB or less in the wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1610 nm (C and L bands) , when yielding a dispersion-compensating amount of -320 ps/nm at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• the optical transmission system 2 the average transmission loss is small, the absolute value of average chromatic dispersion is small, and optical transmission with a highbitrate is possible in awidewavelengthband (including at least the C band and further the L band) including the wavelength of 1550 nm. Therefore, the optical transmission system 2 can elongate the repeater section and achieve further higher speed and larger capacity in optical communications.
• Figs. 3A and 3B are views showing a cross-sectional structure of a dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention and its refractive index profile, respectively.
• the optical fiber 100 shown in Fig. 3A corresponds to the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32, and comprises a core region 110 extending along a predetermined axis and a cladding region 120 provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the core region 110.
• the core region 110 has a refractive index ni and an outer diameter of 2a.
• the cladding region 120 comprises a first cladding 121 having a second refractive index n 2 ( ⁇ n** .
• a second cladding 122 provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the first cladding 121, having a third refractive index n 3 (>n 2 , ⁇ n ⁇ ) and an outside diameter 2c, and a third cladding 123 provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the second cladding 122, having a fourth refractive index n ( ⁇ n 3 , > n 2 ).
• the refractive index profile 150 shown in Fig. 3B indicates respective refractive indices at individual parts on the line Ll in Fig. 3A, such that areas 151, 152, 153, and 154 in the refractive index profile 150 represent refractive indices of individual parts on the line Ll in the core region 110, first cladding 121, second cladding 122, and third cladding 123, respectively.
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ ni of thecoreregion 110, therelative refractive index difference ⁇ n 2 of first cladding 121, and the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 3 of second cladding 122 are given by the following respective expressions:
• ni is the refractive index of the core region 110
• n 2 is the refractive index of the first cladding 121
• n 3 is the refractive index of the second cladding 122
• n 4 is the refractive index of the third cladding 123 acting as the reference region.
• the relative refractive index difference of each part is expressed in terms of percentage, and individual parameters in the above-mentioned expressions may be placed in the fixed order. Therefore, the relative refractive index difference of a glass region having a refractive index lower than that of the third cladding 123 (reference region) is expressed by a negative value.
• the core region 110 has a relative refractive index difference ⁇ ni of 0.8% to 2.0%, more preferably 0.8% to 1.5%
• the first cladding 121 has a relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 2 of -0.4% or lower.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 100 has such a refractive index profile, its chromatic dispersion DDCF ratio (SDCF/DDCF) effective area, cutoff wavelength, and transmission loss lie within the respective numerical ranges mentioned above.
• silica glass be employed as a base, its core region 110 be doped with Ge0 2 , its first cladding 121 be doped with F element, and its second cladding 122 be doped with Ge0 2 .
• each of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers DCF1-DCF7 respectively according to a first to seventh embodiments, which will be explained in the following, has a sectional-structure of Fig. 3A and a refractive index profile 150 of Fig. 3B.
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ ni of the core region 110 was 1.2%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 2 of the first cladding 121 was -0.50%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 3 of the second cladding 122 was 0.20%
• the ratio (2a/2c) of the respective outside diameters of the core region 110 and second cladding 122 was 0.30
• the ratio ( 2b/2c) of the respective outside diameters of the first cladding 121 and second cladding 122 was 0.60.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCFl of the first embodiment exhibited a chromatic dispersion D DCF of -62.4 ps/nm/km, a dispersion slope S DCF of -0.44 ps/nm 2 /km, an effective area of 24.4/Zm 2 , a bending loss of 10 dB/m at a bending diameter of 20 mm, and a transmission loss of 0.30 dB/km.
• its cutoff wavelength was 1224 nm, and the ratio (S D C F /D D C F ) at the wavelength of 1550 nm was 0.0071/nm.
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ ni of the core region 110 was 1.3%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 2 of the first cladding 121 was -0.50%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 3 of the second cladding 122 was 0.23%
• the ratio (2a/2c) of the respective outside diameters of the core region 110 and second cladding 122 was 0.27
• the ratio ( 2b/2c ) of the respective outside diameters of the first cladding 121 and second cladding 122 was 0.55.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF2 of the second embodiment exhibited a chromatic dispersion D D F of -80.4 ps/nm/km, a dispersion slope S DCF of -0.59 ps/nm 2 /km, an effective area of 23.9 ⁇ m 2 , a bending loss of 4 dB/m at a bending diameter of 20 mm, a transmission loss of 0.33 dB/km. Also, its cutoff wavelength was 1576 nm, and the ratio (S D C F /D D C F ) at the wavelength of 1550 nm was 0.0073/nm.
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ ni of the core region 110 was 1.7%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 2 of the first cladding 121 was -0.50%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 3 of the second cladding 122 was 0.25%
• the ratio (2a/2c) of the respective outside diameters of the core region 110 and second cladding 122 was 0.23
• the ratio ( 2b/2c ) of the respective outside diameters of the first cladding 121 and second cladding 122 was 0.53.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF3 of the third embodiment exhibited a chromatic dispersion D DCF of -83.7 ps/nm/km, a dispersion slope S DCF of -0.66 ps/nm 2 /km, an effective area of 17.2 jLlm 2 , a bending loss of 0.2 dB/m at a bending diameter of 20 mm, a transmission loss of 0.39 dB/km.
• Fig. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope in each dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the first to third embodiments at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• G110 indicates a curve for the first embodiment
• G210 indicates a curve for the second embodiment
• G310 indicates a curve for the third embodiment. Shown here is the relationship between chromatic dispersion D D CF and dispersion slope S DCF in each dispersion-compensating optical fiber of these embodiments when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 is changed.
• the change in the ratio (S DCF /D DCF ) of dispersion slope S DCF to the chromatic dispersion D DCF is small in each of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers DCFl to DCF3 if the chromatic dispersion D D C F is approximately within the range of -60 ps/nm/km to -10 ps/nm/km even when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 changes.
• the ratio (S D CF/D D CF) changes by 2.5% or less when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 changes by 2%, and further the range of the chromatic dispersion DDCF where the ratio (S D CF/D D CF) is kept to be 10% or less is -68 ps/nm/km to -17 ps/nm/km.
• the ratio (S DC F/D D C F ) changes by 9.0% or less when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 changes by 2%, and further the range of the chromatic dispersion D DCF where the ratio (S D CF/D D CF) is kept to be 10% or less is -81 ps/nm/km to -30 ps/nm/km.
• the ratio (S D C F /D DCF ) changes by 4.0% or less when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 changes by 2%, and further the range of the chromatic dispersion DDCF where the ratio (S D CF/DDCF) is kept to be 10% or less is -115 ps/nm/km to -62 ps/nm/km. If the change in ratio (S D C F /D D C F ) is 10% or less when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 changes by 2% as such, then a dispersion-compensating optical fiber having a desirable chromatic dispersion characteristic can easily be made.
• Fig. 5 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence ofbending loss ineachdispersion-compensatingoptical fiber of the first to third embodiments at a bending diameter of 140 mm.
• G120 indicates a curve for the first embodiment
• G220 indicates a curve for the second embodiment
• G320 indicates a curve for the third embodiment.
• the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCFl of the first embodiment was 17.1 jiim
• the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF2 of the second embodiment was 19.0 ⁇ m
• the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF3 of the third embodiment was 18.7 /m.
• each of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers DCFl to DCF3 has a low bending loss in the range where wavelength is 1610 nm or shorter.
• each of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers DCFl to DCF3 is not only suitably employable as the dispersion-compensatingoptical fiber 32 constituting a part of the optical transmission line 30 in the optical transmission system 1 shown in Fig. 1, but also is suitably employable as the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 forming a dispersion-compensating module in the optical transmission system 2 shown in Fig. 2, thereby being able to compensate for chromatic dispersion not only in the C band but also in the L band with a low loss.
• Fig. 6 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of chromatic dispersion in each dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the first to third embodiments.
• G130 indicates a curve for the first embodiment
• G230 indicates a curve for the second embodiment
• G330 indicates a curve for the third embodiment
• G1000 indicates a curve for a non-zero dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF disclosed in the above-mentioned document 1.
• Fig. 7 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of the average chromatic dispersion on the whole, in each assembly made by each dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the first to third embodiments and the dispersion-shifted optical fiber connected to each other.
• Fig. 7 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of the average chromatic dispersion on the whole, in each assembly made by each dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the first to third embodiments and the dispersion-shifted optical fiber connected to each other.
• G140 indicates a curve for the assembly in which the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCFl of the first embodiment and the dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF of Fig. 6 were connected to each other
• G240 indicates a curve for the assembly in which the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF2 of the second embodiment and the dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF of Fig. 6 were connected to each other
• G340 indicates a curve for the assembly in which the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF3 of the third embodiment and the dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF of Fig. 6 were connected to each other.
• a length of 10.3 km was necessary for thedispersion-compensating optical fiber DCFl of the first embodiment
• a length of 8.0 km was necessary for the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF2 of the second embodiment
• a length of 7.5 km was necessary for the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF3 of the third embodiment.
• the total average chromatic dispersion had a deviation of 0.2 ps/nm/km or less in a wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1600 nm (C and L bands) .
• the average chromatic dispersion on the whole had a deviation of 0.2 ps/nm/km or less in a wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1560 nm (C band) .
• the average chromatic dispersion on the whole had a deviation of 0.2 ps/nm/km or less in a wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1560 nm (C band) .
• they are capable of optical transmission over a distance of 400 km at a bit rate of 40 Gb/s.
• Fig. 8 is a view showing a schematic structure of a dispersion-compensating module including the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 100 (corresponding to the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32) is accommodated in the case 300 with input- and output- connectors 310. Two ends of the fiber 100 are respectively fusion-spliced to pigtail fibers 320 to reduce connection loss.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCFl of the first embodiment having a length of 10.3 km was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module
• the dispersion-compensating amount at the wavelength of 1550 nm was -640 ps/nm, and the total loss was 4.1 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF2 of the second embodiment having a length of 8.0 km was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module
• the dispersion-compensating amount at the wavelength of 1550 nm was -640 ps/nm, and the total loss was 4.4 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF3 of the third embodiment having a length of 7.5 km was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module
• the dispersion-compensatingamount at thewavelength of 1550 nm was -640 ps/nm, and the total loss was 4.1 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCFl of the first embodiment was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module, while the dispersion-compensating amount at the wavelength of 1550 nm was -320 ps/nm, the total loss was 2.3 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF2 of the second embodiment was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module, while the dispersion-compensating amount at a wavelength of 1550 nm was -320 ps/nm, the total loss was 2.5 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF3 of the third embodiment was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module, while the dispersion-compensating amount at a wavelength of 1550 nm was -320 ps/nm, the total loss was 2.7 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• each of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers DCFl to DCF3 can compensate for the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF by a short length with a low loss in a wide wavelength band including the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ ni of the core region 110 was 1.6%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 2 of the first cladding 121 was -0.50%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 3 of the second cladding 122 was 0.24%
• the ratio (2a/2c) of the respective outside diameters of the core region 110 and second cladding 122 was 0.23
• the ratio (2b/2c) of the respective outside diameters of the first cladding 121 and second cladding 122 was 0.55.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF4 of the fourth embodiment exhibited a chromatic dispersion D DCF of -85.1 ps/nm/km, a dispersion slope S DCF of -0.83 ps/nm 2 /km, an effective area of 18 . 1JU.TD 2 , a bending loss of 0.9 dB/m at a bending diameter of 20 mm, a transmission loss of 0.38 dB/km. Also, its cutoff wavelength was 1638 nm, and the ratio (SDCF/DDC F ) at the wavelength of 1550 nm was 0.0098/nm.
• Fig. 9 is a graph showing a relationship between chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the fourth embodiment at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• G410 indicates a curve for the fourth embodiment. Shown here is the relationship between chromatic dispersion D DCF and dispersion slope S DCF in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber of this embodiment when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 is changed.
• thechange intheratio (S D CF/D D C F ) ofdispersion slope S DCF to the chromatic dispersion D D C F is kept to be 10% or less in the dispersion-compensating optical fibers DCF4 if the chromatic dispersion D DCF is approximately within the range of -102 ps/nm/km to -71 ps/nm/km even when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 changes.
• the ratio (S D CF/D D CF) changes by 5.8% or less when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 changes by 2%.
• Fig. 10 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of bending loss in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the fourth embodiment at a bending diameter of 140 mm.
• G420 indicates a curve for the fourth embodiment.
• the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF4 of the fourth embodiment was 17.2 Zm.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fibers DCF4 has a low bending loss in the range where wavelength is 1610 nm or shorter.
• thedispersion-compensatingoptical fibers DCF4 is not only suitably employable as the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 constituting a part of the optical transmission line 30 in the optical transmission system 1 shown in Fig. 1, but also is suitably employable as the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 forming a dispersion-compensating module in the optical transmission system 2 shown in Fig. 2, thereby being able to compensate for chromatic dispersion not only in the C band but also in the L band with a low loss.
• Fig. 11 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of chromatic dispersion in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the fourth embodiment. In Fig.
• G430 indicates a curve for the fourth embodiment
• G1000 indicates a curve for a non-zero dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF disclosed in the above-mentioned document 1, having a dispersion of 4 ps/nm/km or less and a dispersion slope of 0.046 ps/nm 2 /kmor less.
• the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF4 of the fourth embodiment was 19.2j m, too.
• Fig. 12 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of the average chromatic dispersion on the whole, in the assembly made by the dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the fourth embodiment and the dispersion-shifted optical fiber connected to each other.
• G440 indicates a curve for the assembly inwhich the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF4 of the fourth embodiment and the dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF of Fig. 11 were connected to each other .
• the total average chromatic dispersion had a deviation of 0.2 ps/nm/km or less in a wavelength band of
• dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF4 of the fourth embodiment was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module, while the dispersion-compensating amount at the wavelength of 1550 nmwas -320 ps/nm, the total loss was 2.5 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• the dispersion-compensating optical fibers DCF4 can compensate for the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF by a short lengthwitha lowloss in awidewavelengthband including the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ ni of the core region 110 was 2.1%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 2 of the first cladding 121 was -0.50%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 3 of the second cladding 122 was 0.20%
• the ratio (2a/2c) of the respective outside diameters of the core region 110 and second cladding 122 was 0.18
• the ratio ( 2b/2c ) of the respective outside diameters of the first cladding 121 and second cladding 122 was 0.49.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF5 of the fifth embodiment exhibited a chromatic dispersion D DCF of -160.7 ps/nm/km a dispersion slope S D C F of -1.63 ps/nm 2 /km, an effective area of 15.7/zm 2 , a bending loss of 1.8 dB/m at a bending diameter of 20 mm, a transmission loss of 0.49 dB/km. Also, its cutoff wavelength was 1566 nm, and the ratio (S DCF /D DCF ) at the wavelength of 1550 nm was 0.0101/nm.
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ ni of the core region 110 was 2.4%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 2 of the first cladding 121 was -0.50%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 3 of the second cladding 122 was 0.40%
• the ratio (2a/2c) of the respective outside diameters of the core region 110 and second cladding 122 was 0.20
• the ratio (2b/2c) of the respective outside diameters of the first cladding 121 and second cladding 122 was 0.65.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF6 of the sixth embodiment exhibited a chromatic dispersion D D C F of -181.6 ps/nm/km, a dispersion slope S DCF of -1.87 ps/nm 2 /km, an effective area of 13 .8jU.rn 2 , a bending loss of 0.5 dB/m at a bending diameter of 20 mm, a transmission loss of 0.61 dB/km. Also, itscutoff wavelength was 1660 nm, and the ratio (S D C F /D D C F ) at the wavelength of 1550 nm was 0.0103/nm. Seventh Embodiment
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ ni of the core region 110 was 2.7%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 2 of the first cladding 121 was -0.50%
• the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 3 of the second cladding 122 was 0.40%
• the ratio (2a/2c) of the respective outside diameters of the core region 110 and second cladding 122 was 0.19
• the ratio ( 2b/2c ) of the respective outside diameters of the first cladding 121 and second cladding 122 was 0.67.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF7 of the seventh embodiment exhibited a chromatic dispersion D DCF of -215.8 ps/nm/km, a dispersion slope S D C F of -2.12 ps/nm 2 /km, an effective area of 13. 1/U.m 2 , a bending loss of 1.3 dB/m at a bending diameter of 20 mm, a transmission loss of 0.75 dB/km.
• Fig. 13 is a graph showing a relationship between chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope in each dispersion-compensatingoptical fiberof the fifthto seventh embodiments at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• G510 indicates a curve for the fifth embodiment
• G610 indicates a curve for the sixth embodiment
• G710 indicates a curve for the seventh embodiment.
• the ratio (S D F /DDCF) changes by 7.7% or less when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 changes by 2%, and further the range of the chromatic dispersion D DCF where the ratio (S D F/D D CF) is kept to be 10% or less is -192 ps/nm/km to -135 ps/nm/km.
• the ratio (S D C F /D D C F ) changes by 4.6% or less when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 changes by 2%, and further the range of the chromatic dispersion D DCF where the ratio (S DC F/D D CF) is kept to be 10% or less is -226 ps/nm/km to -146 ps/nm/km.
• the ratio (S D CF/D D CF) changes by 4.9% or less when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 changes by 2%, and further the range of the chromatic dispersion D DCF where the ratio (S D F/D D CF) is kept to be 10% or less is -173 ps/nm/km to -269 ps/nm/km. If the change in ratio (S DCF /D DC ) is 10% or less when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 changes by 2% as such, then a dispersion-compensating optical fiber having a desirable chromatic dispersion characteristic can easily be made.
• Fig. 14 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of bending loss in eachdispersion-compensatingoptical fiber of the fifth to seventh embodiments at a bending diameter of 140 mm.
• G520 indicates a curve for the fifth embodiment
• G620 indicates a curve for the sixth embodiment
• G720 indicates a curve for the seventh embodiment.
• the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF5 of the fifth embodiment was 19.
• each of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers DCF5 to DCF7 has a low bending loss in the range where wavelength is 1610 nm or shorter.
• each of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers DCF5 to DCF7 is not only suitably employable as the dispersion-compensatingoptical fiber 32 constituting a part of the optical transmission line 30 in the optical transmission system 1 shown in Fig. 1, but also is suitably employable as the dispersion-compensating optical fiber 32 forming a dispersion-compensating module in the optical transmission system 2 shown in Fig. 2, thereby being able to compensate for chromatic dispersion not only in the C band but also in the L band with a low loss .
• Fig. 15 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of chromatic dispersion in each dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the fifth to seventh embodiments.
• G530 indicates a curve for the fifth embodiment
• G630 indicates a curve for the sixth embodiment
• G730 indicates a curve for the seventh embodiment.
• the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF5 of the fifth embodiment was 19.4//m
• the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF6 of the sixth embodiment was l ⁇ . OjUm
• the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding 122 in the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF7 of the seventh embodiment was 15.2 j m, too.
• Fig. 16 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of the average chromatic dispersion on the whole, in each assembly made by each dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the fifth to seventh embodiments and a non-dispersion-shifted optical fiber, which is disclosed in the above-mentioned document 2 and has a dispersion of 4 ps/nm/km or less and a dispersion slope of 0.046 ps/nm 2 /km or less, connected to each other .
• G540 indicates a curve for the assembly inwhich the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF5 of the fifth embodiment and the dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF of the document 2 were connected to each other
• G640 indicates a curve for the assembly in which the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF6 of the sixth embodiment and the dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF of the document 2 were connected to each other
• G740 indicates a curve for the assembly in which thedispersion-compensatingoptical fiber DCF7 of the seventh embodiment and the dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF of the document 2 were connected to each other.
• a length of 2.2 km was necessary for the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF5 of the fifth embodiment
• a length of 1.9 km was necessary for the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF6 of the sixth embodiment
• a length of 1.7 km was necessary for the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF7 of the seventh embodiment.
• the total average chromatic dispersion had a deviation of 0.2 ps/nm/km or less in a wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1560 nm (C band).
• the average chromatic dispersion on the whole had a deviation of 0.2 ps/nm/km or less in a wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1600 nm (C and L bands).
• the average chromatic dispersion on the whole had a deviation of 0.2 ps/nm/km or less in a wavelength band of 1535 nm to 1600 nm (C and L bands). As a consequence, they are capable of optical transmission over a. repeater distance of 400 km at a bit rate of 40 Gb/s.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF5 of the fifth embodiment having a length of 2.2 km was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module
• the dispersion-compensating amount at the wavelength of 1550 nm was -640 ps/nm, and the total loss was 3.0 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF6 of the sixth embodiment having a length of 1.9 km was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module
• the dispersion-compensating amount at the wavelength of 1550 nm was -640 ps/nm, and the total loss was 2.7 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF7 of the seventh embodiment having a length of 1.7 km was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module
• the dispersion-compensating amount at thewavelength of 1550 nm was -640 ps/nm, and the total loss was 2.5 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF5 of the fifth embodiment was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module, while the dispersion-compensating amount at the wavelength of 1550 nm was -320 ps/nm, the total loss was 2.0 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF6 of the sixth embodiment was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module, while the dispersion-compensating amount at a wavelength of 1550 nm was -320 ps/nm, the total loss was 1.9 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• dispersion-compensating optical fiber DCF7 of the seventh embodiment was wound at a bending diameter of 140 mm so as to form a dispersion-compensating module, while the dispersion-compensating amount at a wavelength of 1550 nm was -320 ps/nm, the total loss was 1.7 dB (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) .
• each of the dispersion-compensating optical fibers DCF5 to DCF7 can compensate for the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber NZDSF by a short length with a low loss in a wide wavelength band including the wavelength of 1550 nm.
• Comparative Example For comparison with the dispersion-compensating optical fiber of each of the above-mentioned first to seventh embodiments, the dispersion-compensating optical fiber of a comparative example will now be explained.
• Figs. 17A and 17B are views showing a cross-sectional structure of the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the comparative example and its refractive index profile, respectively.
• This comparative example 200 comprises a core region 210 extending along a predetermined axis and a cladding region 220 provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the core region 210.
• the core region 210 has a refractive index ni and an outer diameter of 2a.
• the cladding region 220 comprises a first cladding 221 having a second refractive index n 2 ( ⁇ n ⁇ )and an outside diameter 2b, and a second cladding 222 provided so as to surround the outer peripheryof the first cladding 221, having a thirdrefractive index n 3 (>n 2 , ⁇ n ⁇ ).
• the refractive index profile 250 shown in Fig. 17B indicates respective refractive indices at individual parts on the line L2 in Fig. 17A, such that areas 251, 252, and 253 in the refractive index profile 150 represent refractive indices of individual parts on the line L2 in the core region 210, first cladding 221, and second cladding 222, respectively.
• ni is the refractive index of the core region 210
• n 2 is the refractive index of the first cladding 221
• n 3 is the refractive index of the second cladding 222 acting as the reference region.
• the relative refractive index difference of each part is expressed in terms of percentage, and individual parameters in the above-mentioned expressions may be placed in the fixed order. Therefore, the relative refractive index difference of a glass region having a refractive index lower than that of the second cladding 222 (reference region) is expressed by a negative value.
• the core region 210 has a relative refractive index difference ⁇ ni of 1.2%
• the first cladding 221 has a relative refractive index difference ⁇ n 2 of -0.36%.
• Fig. 18 is a graph showing the relationship between chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of the dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the comparative example at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Shown here is the relationship between chromatic dispersion D DCF anddispersion slope S DF in the comparative examplewhen the outside diameter 2b of the first cladding 221 is changed. In the range where chromatic dispersion is -40 ps/nm/kmor less, the comparative 5 example has such an unfavorable bending characteristic that it cannot be used.
• the chromatic dispersion D DCF is -28 ps/nm/km (a condition corresponding the point A in Fig. 18), whereby the dispersion slope S DCF is -0.081 ps/nm 2 /km.
• the outside diameter 2b of the first cladding 221 is 9.8 m, then the chromatic
• dispersion D DCF is -22 ps/nm/km (a condition corresponding the point B in Fig. 18), whereby the dispersion slope S DCF is -0.056 ps/nm 2 /km. If the outside diameter 2b changes from this value by 2%, then the ratio (S DCF /D D C F ) will change by as much as 17%. As a consequence, a dispersion-compensating
• optical fiber having a desirable chromatic dispersion characteristic is hard to make.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the comparative example As compared with the dispersion-compensating optical fiber of the comparative example, the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the
• 2.5 embodiment (including the dispersion-compensating optical fibers of the first to seventh embodiments) has excellent bending characteristics and can also be used in the range where chromatic dispersion is -40 ps/nm/km or less as mentioned above. Also, even when the outside diameter 2c of the second cladding changes, the change in ratio (S D C F /D DCF ) of dispersion slope SC F to the chromatic dispersion D D C F is small in thedispersion-compensatingoptical fiber according to the present invention if the chromatic dispersion D DCF is within a predetermined range. Therefore, it is easy for the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention to be made with desirable chromatic dispersion characteristics.
• the dispersion-compensating optical fiber according to the present invention has, at a wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion D D F of -40 ps/nm/km or less (preferably -100 ps/nm/km to -40 ps/nm/km or -250 ps/nm/km to -120 ps/nm/km) , a ratio (S DCF /D D C F ) of dispersion slope S DCF to the chromatic dispersion D DCF of 0.005/nm or more (preferably 0.005/nm to 0.015/nm).
• the dispersion-compensatingoptical fiber according to the present invention has such characteristics, it can compensate for the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of a dispersion-shifted optical fiber in a wide wavelength band including the wavelength of 1550 nm by a short length.

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