EP1273828A2 - Leistungsverzweigungsgetriebe - Google Patents
Leistungsverzweigungsgetriebe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1273828A2 EP1273828A2 EP02013895A EP02013895A EP1273828A2 EP 1273828 A2 EP1273828 A2 EP 1273828A2 EP 02013895 A EP02013895 A EP 02013895A EP 02013895 A EP02013895 A EP 02013895A EP 1273828 A2 EP1273828 A2 EP 1273828A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- transmission
- drive
- power transmission
- torque
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
- F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
- F16H61/4069—Valves related to the control of neutral, e.g. shut off valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
- F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
- F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
- F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
- F16H61/4043—Control of a bypass valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
- F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
- F16H2037/088—Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
- F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
- F16H3/52—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears
- F16H3/54—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears one of the central gears being internally toothed and the other externally toothed
Definitions
- the invention concerns a torque split, hydro-mechanical transmission.
- Torque split hydro-mechanical transmissions of this kind are known (prospectus FENDT FAVORIT 900, page 20, edition E4/98-5). For example, these transmissions are used on vehicles having a wide range of driving speeds.
- the transmissions comprise input and output shafts and between the said shafts a hydrostatic gear positioned in a second drive line, while a first drive line acts mechanically.
- the hydrostatic gear is designed as a hydrostatic unit comprising a pump and a hydro-motor having a variable stroke. Pump and motor are arranged within a common hydraulic circuit. Both the pump and the first drive line are driven commonly via the input shaft and a toothed gear. The driven shaft of the motor is connected to the output shaft via a further toothed gear.
- One of the toothed gears generally is designed as a planetary gear, which may act to split the torque when positioned at the input side of the transmission and may act to sum the torque when positioned at the output side of the transmission.
- the variable stroke of the pump and of the motor if necessary are controlled in a manner so that at the moment of starting acceleration of the vehicle equipped with such a transmission, the whole power is transmitted hydrostatically via the second drive line.
- the first drive line does not transmit mechanical power, the output shaft being stationary (the output shaft is connected via various shafts to the vehicle's drive axles, which are stationary and hence the output shaft must be stationary).
- the hydraulic power transmitted via the second drive line decreases and the power transmitted via the first drive line increases.
- the whole power is transmitted mechanically to the output shaft via the first drive line only.
- the second drive line does not transmit any power, because either the drive shaft or the driven shaft of the hydrostatic gear is blocked hydrostatically, depending whether the planetary gear acts to split the torque or sum the torque. This is advantageous because the whole power is transmitted with high efficiency in mechanical manner, while the hydrostatic drive line having a lower efficiency is not working.
- the hydrostatic gear does not work loss free. Whilst, the hydrostatic gear does not contribute to drive the vehicle it fulfils a supporting function. The hydrostatic gear is still under high hydrostatic pressure loading the bearings in axial direction and having power losses caused by unavoidable leakage losses.
- the infinitely variable transmission located in the second drive line is free of any torque transmission when reaching a drive ratio at which the shaft connected with the planetary gear at least approximately stands still.
- the infinitely variable gear is controlled to have no function at the point where its efficiency is very low. This is the fact independently whether the infinitely variable gear is driven mechanically, electrically or hydraulically. At those points the torque split power transmission is reduced to the mechanical drive line having the high efficiency.
- the independently rotating shaft is made free of load in a technically simple manner by the fact, that the shaft is blocked by a blocked apparatus when reaching a ratio of transmission at which the shaft at least approximately stands still.
- the blocking apparatus is designed mechanically.
- the mechanical blocking of the shaft is made by frictionally coupling the shaft to a stationary member such as the transmission housing, or by positively engaging a suitable member such as a pin with an abutment on or attached to the shaft.
- a power transmission especially suitable for heavy vehicles is characterised in that the second drive line has a hydrostatic gear having two hydrostatic elements (pump, motor) positioned with a common circuit, said hydrostatic gear being relievable of the load by opening of a valve being positioned within the hydraulic circuit.
- the infinitely variable gear in the second drive line can work loss free even under those circumstances, in which during blocked action an unwanted working pressure is generated caused by slight shiftings of control elements of the hydrostat being connected with the independently rotating shaft.
- the hydrostatic element (pump, motor) connected with the shaft opposite the planetary gear can be blocked by the closing of a valve.
- the valve is positioned within the flow medium of the hydraulic elements coupled to the shaft.
- the torque split power transmission of Figure 1 includes a housing 1, an input shaft 2, a torque splitting planetary gear 3, an output shaft 4, and an infinitely variable gear 5.
- the infinitely variable gear 5 may be a mechanically, an electrically or an hydraulically acting gear.
- the input shaft 2 is coupled to a planet carrier 6 of the planetary gear 3.
- the sun wheel 7 of the planetary gear 3 is the beginning of a first drive line and contains the output shaft 4 being coupled with torsional strength to the sun wheel 7.
- the first drive line transmits exclusively mechanical power in a fixed ratio of transmission.
- the ring gear 8 (an internally toothed wheel) of the planetary gear3 is the beginning of a second drive line containing the infinitely variable gear 5.
- a gear pair connects the ring gear 8 with a drive shaft 10 of the infinitely variable gear 5.
- the drive shaft 10 includes a braking disk 11 coupled to the drive shaft 10 for rotation therewith.
- a locking device 12 is allocated to the drive shaft 10 serving for frictional coupling or positive coupling of the drive shaft 10 to the housing 1 of the transmission.
- a driven shaft 13 is provided at the downstream end of the infinitely variable gear 5 and is connected with the output shaft 4 by a gear pair 14.
- the torque split power transmission of Figure 2 differs from the embodiment of Figure 1 insofar as the planetary gear 17 is positioned at the output of the transmission instead of at the input. The torque split takes place at the gear pair 18.
- the planetary gear 17 is adding up the torques.
- the ring gear 19 is designed as a braking disk being allocated to the locking device 12.
- the infinitely variable gear 5 is designed as a hydrostatic gear.
- the hydrostatic gear includes two hydrostatic elements, a pump 15 and a motor 16, being combined to form a common hydrostat, as further illustrated in detail in Figure 3.
- the hydrostat is controlled by a control device (not shown).
- the torque split power transmission of figure 3 contains a planetary gear 3 positioned at the input side, as shown in Figure 1. It further includes a hydrostatic gear having a pump 15 and a motor 16 as shown in Figure 2.
- the pump 15 and the motor 16 are connected by a closed hydraulic circuit 20.
- a blocking valve 21 is arranged in the hydraulic circuit blocking the whole hydrostatic gear when in a closed position.
- the hydraulic circuit to the motor 16 is bridged with a valve 22 to prevent an increase of pressure generated by irregularities at random of the control device, the increase of pressure being accompanied with a resulting decrease of power.
- the infinitely variable gear 5 Independently of whether the infinitely variable gear in the second drive line is mechanically, electrically or hydraulically driven, the infinitely variable gear 5 always occurs in the same manner, ie during a normal number of working revolutions of the input shaft 2.
- the shaft (drive shaft 10 or driven shaft 13) being directly connected with the planetary gear 3 or 17 comes to a standstill when the output shaft 4 reaches at least a predetermined number of revolutions, for example the maximum number of revolutions.
- the infinitely variable gear 5 does not transmit any power, but has a supporting function for the ordinary working of the planetary gear 3, 17 (torque splitting or torque summing).
- the shaft 10 or 13 respectively is blocked by the blocking device 12.
- the blocking device 12 generates the supporting moment and the infinitely variable gear 5 is completely unloaded by (free of) any torque transmission.
- the blocking of the infinitely variable gear 5 is made by frictional coupling or positive couple of the drive shaft 10 or the driven shaft 13 respectively by a mechanically working blocking device 12 as shown in respect to the torque split power transmissions of Figures 1 and 2.
- the infinitely variable gear of Figure 3 is fixed in a hydraulic manner by closing the valve 21 and thus stopping the flow of hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic circuit 20.
- the valve 22 opens making a shortcut of motor 16, enabling a circulation of the oil from the motor, the oil being unpressurised.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0116202 | 2000-05-16 | ||
GB0116202A GB2377260B (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2001-07-03 | Torque split power transmission |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1273828A2 true EP1273828A2 (de) | 2003-01-08 |
EP1273828A3 EP1273828A3 (de) | 2007-05-23 |
Family
ID=9917822
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02013895A Withdrawn EP1273828A3 (de) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-06-24 | Leistungsverzweigungsgetriebe |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030008745A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1273828A3 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2377260B (de) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10313486A1 (de) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-10-07 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Leistungsverzweigungsgetriebe |
DE102004053254B3 (de) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-06-01 | Lohmann & Stolterfoht Gmbh | Getriebeanordnung mit Getriebemitteln zur Drehzahlüberlagerung |
WO2007107085A1 (fr) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-27 | Zhu Raphael | Ensemble de puissance pour vehicules |
WO2009097701A2 (de) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-13 | Mali Markus Liebherr International Ag | Hydrostatisch leistungsverzweigtes getriebe |
DE102008008234A1 (de) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-13 | Markus Liebherr International Ag | Verstelleinheit für ein stufenloses hydrostatisch verzweigtes Getriebe |
US7722493B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2010-05-25 | Mali Holding Ag | Power-branched transmission and method for the operation of such a transmission |
CH700414A1 (de) * | 2009-02-12 | 2010-08-13 | Mali Holding Ag | Stufenloses hydrostatisches Getriebe mit Leistungsverzweigung und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb. |
DE102011082672A1 (de) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-14 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Getriebevorrichtung mit wenigstens einem Variator zum stufenlosen Variieren einer Übersetzung und mit primärer Leistungsverzweigung |
US8696509B2 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2014-04-15 | Dana Italia Spa | Power split transmission |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE112004000874B4 (de) | 2003-05-21 | 2008-04-30 | Komatsu Ltd. | Getriebe |
KR100914448B1 (ko) | 2004-09-08 | 2009-08-28 | 가부시키가이샤 고마쓰 세이사쿠쇼 | 변속장치 및 변속장치의 제어방법 |
US7335123B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2008-02-26 | Eaton Corporation | Hybrid powertrain system and transformer module |
JP4789507B2 (ja) | 2005-05-24 | 2011-10-12 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 変速装置 |
EP2107237A1 (de) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-07 | AMSC Windtec GmbH | Windenergiekonverter mit einem Überlagerungsgetriebe |
EP2107238A1 (de) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-07 | AMSC Windtec GmbH | Getriebe mit veränderlicher Übersetzung |
US9382983B2 (en) | 2012-08-13 | 2016-07-05 | Duc Quang Tang | Positive infinitely variable transmission (P-IVT) |
WO2014172175A1 (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2014-10-23 | Eaton Corporation | Variable speed differential drive |
US20150059330A1 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-05 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fluid delivery system |
EP3047176A4 (de) * | 2013-09-17 | 2017-06-28 | Kinetics Drive Solutions Inc. | Getriebe mit stromabzweigung und einem mehrgängigen kombinierer |
ES2810400T3 (es) | 2015-12-10 | 2021-03-08 | Edi Bondioli | Sistema que comprende un remolque mezclador, para mezclar y distribuir forraje, y una unidad mecánica de transmisión de potencia para accionar el remolque mezclador |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB921080A (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1963-03-13 | Max Adolf Muller | Drive for blowers and fans |
JPS5623069B2 (de) * | 1974-02-06 | 1981-05-28 | ||
US3982448A (en) * | 1975-03-27 | 1976-09-28 | General Motors Corporation | Input-split hydromechanical transmission |
DE2758659C3 (de) * | 1977-12-29 | 1982-03-18 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Ag, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Hydrostatisch-mechanisches Getriebe mit Leistungsverzweigung |
DE3562296D1 (en) * | 1984-03-01 | 1988-05-26 | Schweizerische Lokomotiv | Variable transmission and slow-rotation arrangement |
JPH04244656A (ja) * | 1991-01-31 | 1992-09-01 | Shimadzu Corp | 流体機械式無段変速機の制御機構 |
DE4339864A1 (de) * | 1992-11-23 | 1994-07-21 | Michael Meyerle | Stufenloses hydrostatisch-mechanisches Leistungsverzweigungsgetriebe, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge |
CN1093234C (zh) * | 1998-11-24 | 2002-10-23 | 福尔松技术公司 | 平行流体力学减速传动 |
US6247295B1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2001-06-19 | New Holland North America, Inc. | Hydro-mechanical transmission system for an agricultural combine |
-
2001
- 2001-07-03 GB GB0116202A patent/GB2377260B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-06-24 EP EP02013895A patent/EP1273828A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-06-24 US US10/178,913 patent/US20030008745A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Prospectus FENDT FAVORIT 900, page 20, edition E4/98-5 |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10313486A1 (de) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-10-07 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Leistungsverzweigungsgetriebe |
US7722493B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2010-05-25 | Mali Holding Ag | Power-branched transmission and method for the operation of such a transmission |
DE102004053254B3 (de) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-06-01 | Lohmann & Stolterfoht Gmbh | Getriebeanordnung mit Getriebemitteln zur Drehzahlüberlagerung |
US7381144B2 (en) | 2004-11-04 | 2008-06-03 | Lohmann & Stolterfoht Gmbh | Gearbox assembly with gearbox means for speed overlap |
EP2006146A2 (de) * | 2006-03-14 | 2008-12-24 | Ronghui Zhu | Antriebssatz für fahrzeuge |
WO2007107085A1 (fr) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-27 | Zhu Raphael | Ensemble de puissance pour vehicules |
EP2006146A4 (de) * | 2006-03-14 | 2011-08-10 | Ronghui Zhu | Antriebssatz für fahrzeuge |
WO2009097701A2 (de) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-13 | Mali Markus Liebherr International Ag | Hydrostatisch leistungsverzweigtes getriebe |
DE102008008234A1 (de) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-13 | Markus Liebherr International Ag | Verstelleinheit für ein stufenloses hydrostatisch verzweigtes Getriebe |
DE102008008236A1 (de) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-13 | Markus Liebherr International Ag | Hydrostatisch leistungsverzweigtes Getriebe |
US8915812B2 (en) | 2008-02-08 | 2014-12-23 | Mali Holding Ag | Hydrostatically power-splitting transmission |
CH700414A1 (de) * | 2009-02-12 | 2010-08-13 | Mali Holding Ag | Stufenloses hydrostatisches Getriebe mit Leistungsverzweigung und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb. |
WO2010091778A1 (de) | 2009-02-12 | 2010-08-19 | Mali Holding Ag | Stufenloses hydrostatisches getriebe mit leistungsverzweigung |
US8915813B2 (en) | 2009-02-12 | 2014-12-23 | Mali Holding Ag | Continuously variable hydrostatic transmission having torque division |
US8696509B2 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2014-04-15 | Dana Italia Spa | Power split transmission |
DE102011082672A1 (de) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-14 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Getriebevorrichtung mit wenigstens einem Variator zum stufenlosen Variieren einer Übersetzung und mit primärer Leistungsverzweigung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030008745A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
GB0116202D0 (en) | 2001-08-22 |
GB2377260B (en) | 2005-09-21 |
EP1273828A3 (de) | 2007-05-23 |
GB2377260A (en) | 2003-01-08 |
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