EP1269260A1 - Concentres liquides de blanchiment-fixage a un composant - Google Patents

Concentres liquides de blanchiment-fixage a un composant

Info

Publication number
EP1269260A1
EP1269260A1 EP00989310A EP00989310A EP1269260A1 EP 1269260 A1 EP1269260 A1 EP 1269260A1 EP 00989310 A EP00989310 A EP 00989310A EP 00989310 A EP00989310 A EP 00989310A EP 1269260 A1 EP1269260 A1 EP 1269260A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concentrate
phosphate
acid
fix
bleach
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00989310A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1269260A4 (fr
Inventor
Laszlo Papai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trebla Chemical Co
Original Assignee
Trebla Chemical Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/477,565 external-priority patent/US6221570B1/en
Application filed by Trebla Chemical Co filed Critical Trebla Chemical Co
Publication of EP1269260A1 publication Critical patent/EP1269260A1/fr
Publication of EP1269260A4 publication Critical patent/EP1269260A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/42—Bleach-fixing or agents therefor ; Desilvering processes
    • G03C7/421—Additives other than bleaching or fixing agents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/42—Bleach-fixing or agents therefor ; Desilvering processes

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to photographic processing, and in particular to compositions and methods of making bleach-fix concentrates. More specifically, this invention relates to one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates that remain free of crystallized precipitates and retain optimal oxidizing capability during extended storage.
  • Color developers produce a combined silver and dye image, however, to obtain clear colors the silver image must be removed. This is accomplished by oxidizing the metallic silver with a suitable oxidizing agent, commonly referred to as a bleaching agent. Any remaining light-sensitive silver halide is then dissolved in a silver halide solvent, commonly referred to as a fixing agent.
  • a bleaching agent commonly referred to as a bleaching agent.
  • Any remaining light-sensitive silver halide is then dissolved in a silver halide solvent, commonly referred to as a fixing agent.
  • These bleaching and fixing processes may be performed sequentially in two separate solutions, or in the alternative, the bleaching agent and fixing agents can be combined into a single bleaching-fixing solution.
  • the form in which the bleaching and fixing agents are typically employed is a dilute aqueous solution.
  • the bleaching and fixing solutions are prepared immediately before use by dissolving the necessary ingredients in water.
  • a bleach/fix solution that is prepared by mixing pre- prepared bleaching and fixing solutions is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,070,004 issued to Yoshihiro Fujita et al. Preparation immediately before use is necessary because the individual components of the separate solutions chemically react and quickly decompose and/or oxidize reactive components thereby diminishing the useful life of the working solution.
  • the bleaching and fixing concentrates are usually separated into two or more parts that are subsequently combined to form a working solution.
  • a two-part bleach-fixing liquid concentrate is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,956,268 issued to Kiyoshi Nakazyo et al, wherein a first concentrate comprises a silver halide solvent and the second concentrate contains an oxidizing agent.
  • the components are packaged separately from each other to prevent chemical reactions that form undesirable reaction products, such as crystallized precipitates.
  • the concentrate when a bleaching concentrate containing a ferric ion solution is combined with a fixing concentrate containing a thiosulfate solution the concentrate will have a very short shelf life because the ferric ion can be reduced to a ferrous ion and the thiosulfate can sulphurize to inactivate the concentrate.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,751,251 provides for a one-part liquid bleach-fix concentrated regenerator.
  • an aqueous solution of an aminopolycarboxylic acid and a thiosulfate ion are mixed with a sufficient amount of a sulfite ion, in the form of gaseous sulfur dioxide, to adjust the pH of the solution to between 5.4 and 6.0.
  • this product still has a limited shelf life due to undesirable crystal formation in the concentrate.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide stable one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates that upon dilution provide working strength solutions from which silver can be recovered with reduced risk of toxic hydrogen cyanide gas formation.
  • a yet still further object of the present invention is to provide one-part liquid beach-fix concentrates that reduce transportation and packaging costs.
  • one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates suitable for dilution to working strength solutions can be formulated to have an extended shelf life without forming crystallized precipitates by combining a bleaching agent with a thiocyanate salt fixing agent.
  • a thiocyanate salt is used and/or combined in a specific ratio with another fixing agent, crystal formation is essentially eliminated thus increasing the stability of the one-part liquid bleach-fix concentrate.
  • the amount of the thiocyanate salt is less than the amount of the other fixing agent the oxidizing ability of the diluted working solution is not decreased even after many months of storage.
  • one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates which comprise: a) a bleaching agent for oxidizing metallic silver; and b) a fixing mixture comprising at least a thiocyanate salt in an amount to substantially inhibit crystal formation for extending the stability and shelf-life of the liquid concentrate.
  • the concentrate remains essentially free of crystallized precipitates during the extended shelf life.
  • a first and second fixing agent wherein one fixing agent is a thiocyanate salt and the other fixing agent is selected from the group which includes thiosulfate salts, thioethers compounds, thiourea, thioglycolic acid, and the like.
  • the bleaching agent may be selected from the group consisting of compounds of polyvalent metals such as iron, (III) , cobalt (III) , chromium (VI) , and copper (II) ; peracids; quinones; nitro compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • the compounds of the polyvalent metals may include iron (III) compounds such as ferric chloride; ferricyanide; bichromates; and organic complexes with aminopolycarboxylic acids, aminopolyphosphonic acids and organic phosphonic acids.
  • the polyvalent metal oxidizing agent does not precipitate out of the concentrate when a thiocyanate fixing agent is used as the sole fixing agent, or when combined with another fixing agent.
  • the shelf life of the concentrate increases as the amount of thiocyanate salt increases in the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate.
  • the thiocyanate salt in the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate is generally used in an amount greater than 0.1 mol/liter to less than 1 mole/liter of concentrate.
  • the present invention can include additional photographic processing agents; such as preservatives, alkaline agents, buffering agents, bleaching accelerators, brightening agents, anti-staining agents, defoaming agents, surfactants, fungicides, anticorrosion agents and organic solvents.
  • additional photographic processing agents such as preservatives, alkaline agents, buffering agents, bleaching accelerators, brightening agents, anti-staining agents, defoaming agents, surfactants, fungicides, anticorrosion agents and organic solvents.
  • the present invention also provides for a method for processing a color photographic silver halide photosensitive material after image wise exposure using a one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate, comprising the steps of color developing and processing with a bleach-fix solution which is a one-part bleach- fix liquid concentrate diluted with a sufficient amount of water to prepare a working strength solution.
  • the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate is an aqueous solution comprising: a) a bleaching agent which is a polyvalent metal oxidizing agent; and b) a mixture of at least a first and second fixing agent, one fixing agent being a thiocyanate salt present in an amount sufficient to inhibit crystal formation in the one-part bleach- fix liquid concentrate, to extend the shelf-life of the concentrate .
  • the present invention further provides a method of inhibiting the formation of crystallized precipitates in one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates comprising the steps of: a) providing a bleaching agent which is a polyvalent metal complexed oxidizing agent, and b) combining the bleaching agent with a mixture of at least a first and second fixing agent.
  • the first fixing agent is a thiocyanate salt present in an amount sufficient to inhibit crystal formation in the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate.
  • the present invention provides for a method of making one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates comprising the step of combining a bleaching agent, which is a metal complexed oxidizing agent and at least a first and second fixing agent, at least one fixing agent being a thiocyanate salt present in an amount sufficient to inhibit crystal formation in the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate.
  • the metal complexed oxidizing agent is preferably a polyvalent metal complexed oxidizing agent, and more preferably used, a polyvalent metal selected from the group of iron, copper, cobalt and chromium.
  • the thiocyanate salt is preferably used in an amount by weight less than the amount by-weight of the first fixing agent.
  • the thiocyanate salt is used in a sufficient amount to substantially inhibit crystal formation in the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate, but not exceeding an amount that will produce toxic hydrogen cyanide gas during silver recovery using electrolytic systems.
  • the other fixing agent may be a thiosulfate salt.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides for a photographic bleach-fix kit comprising a one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate, which upon dilution with a sufficient amount of water provides a working strength bleach-fix solution.
  • the kit comprises a single package containing a concentrated aqueous solution comprising a bleaching agent, which oxidizes metallic silver, and at least a thiocyanate salt present in an amount sufficient to inhibit crystal formation in the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate.
  • Another embodiment of the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate kit may comprise: a concentrated aqueous solution comprising: i) a bleaching agent which oxidizes metallic silver; and ii) a mixture of at least a first and second fixing agents
  • One fixing agent is a thiocyanate salt present in an amount sufficient to inhibit crystal formation in the one-part bleach -fix liquid concentrate.
  • the bleach-fix components in the single packaging kit have excellent shelf life characteristics because any adverse interactions between the components are effectively avoided by the optimal quantitative ratio of the fixing agents with one fixing agent being a thiocyanate salt.
  • the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates formulated with thiocyanate salt have pH values of from about 5.6 to about 5.9.
  • the pH values are from about 5.5 to about 6.0.
  • one of the preferred acids is phosphoric acid.
  • phosphoric acid In using the phosphoric acid it was found that in addition to maintaining an acid pH in the stable bleach-fix liquid concentrates of this invention, phosphoric acid is particularly useful in inhibiting the formation of crystals and to extend the shelf-life of the concentrates disclosed herein.
  • a stable one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate which comprises: a) a photographic bleaching agent which oxidizes metallic silver; b) at least one fixing agent, and c) a source of phosphate ions present in an amount sufficient to inhibit precipitation and to form a storage-stable, liquid concentrate having a pH value of between about 4 and about 7.
  • the resulting one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate is suitable for dilution with water to a working strength solution.
  • the silver metal oxidizing agent is preferably a polyvalent metal, and more preferably, a polyvalent metal selected from the group of iron, copper, cobalt and chromium.
  • the present invention further provides for a method of making a stable one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate comprising the steps of combining a photographic bleaching agent, which oxidizes metallic silver, at least one fixing agent, and a source of phosphate ions in an amount sufficient to inhibit crystal formation.
  • This method forms storage stable liquid concentrates with pH values of between about 4.5 and about 6.5 suitable for dilution with water to a working strength solution.
  • the present invention provides for stabilizing one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates by introducing a source of phosphate ions into the concentrates in amounts sufficient to inhibit crystal formation, and to maintain the concentrates within a range of pH values that are between about 4 and about 7.
  • the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates of the present invention can be diluted into working solutions that have excellent bleach-fixing power, they are effectively applicable to the processing of not only low speed, but also high speed light-sensitive silver halide color photographic materials. Further, the concentrates can be applied in common to the processing of all types of light-sensitive silver halide color photographic materials that are required to be bleached and fixed, such as photographic printing papers, negative color films, and reversal color films.
  • Concentrates of the present invention can be diluted according to the needs of the end user.
  • concentration of the working strength solutions, prepared from the stable concentrates will depend on a variety of factors, such as controlling environmental regulations or the requirements of the particular automatic processor being used.
  • the dilution factor ranges from about one part concentrate to one part of water (1:1) by volume to about 1:6, and more preferably from about 1:2 to 1:4 by volume.
  • the present invention provides compositions and methods of making one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates packaged in a single unit, wherein the bleaching agent is a polyvalent metal oxidizing agent protected from reduction for an extended period of time by incorporating a thiocyanate fixing agent. More preferably, a quantitative ratio of at least two fixing agents are combined wherein one of the fixing agents is a thiocyanate salt used in a sufficient amount to provide homogeneous one-part liquid concentrates free, or virtually free, of crystallized components and which retain effective oxidizing potential during extended storage as a concentrate. As stated above, if clear colors are to be obtained the silver image must be removed leaving only the dye image.
  • the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates as described above comprise a bleaching agent.
  • a bleaching agent any bleaching agent, which oxidizes metallic silver, may be used in the present invention.
  • the bleaching agents used herein include compounds of polyvalent metals, such as iron (III), cobalt (III), chromium (VI), and copper (II); peracids; quinones and nitro compounds.
  • Typical bleaching agents used herein are iron salts, such as ferric chloride; ferricyanides; bichromates; and organic complexes with aminopolycarboxylic acids, aminopolyphosphonic acids and organic phosphonic acids for forming the organic complex salts of iron (III) include: nitrilotriacetic acid, nitrilotripropionic acid, 1, 2-Diaminopropanetetraacetic acid, cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, propylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, ortho-diaminecyclohexanetetraacetic acid, ethylene glycol bis (aminoethyl ether) tetraacetic acid, diaminopropanol tetraacetic acid,
  • ferric aminopolycarboxylic acid is preferred, and even more preferably, ferric ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
  • the ferric complex salts of the aminopolycarboxylic acids may be used in the form of salts with sodium, potassium, ammonium, and the like, although ammonium salts are preferred for fastest bleaching.
  • Ferric complex salts of the aminopolycarboxylic acids may be used in the form of a complex salt.
  • the complex salt of the ferric ion may be formed in a solution of an aminopolycarboxylic acid with a ferric salt, such as ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, ferric ammonium sulfate or ferric phosphate.
  • a complex salt it is possible to use one type of complex salt, or a mixture of two or more types of complex salt.
  • the complex salt when the complex salt is formed in the solution using a ferric salt and an aminopolycarboxylic acid, it may be formed using one or more than one type of ferric salt.
  • the ferric complex salt may also be formed using one or more than one type of aminopolycarboxylic acid.
  • the bleaching agent should be used in a sufficient amount to effectively oxidize any metallic silver remaining on the photographic material. More specifically, the bleaching agent may be present m an amount from about 10 percent to about 25 percent, and more preferably from about 15 percent to about 20 percent based on total weight of the concentrate. As described above, any remaining light-sensitive silver halide must be dissolved m a silver halide solvent, commonly referred to as a fixing agent. Because the silver halides are almost insoluble, they cannot be removed from the emulsion by water washing, but instead must be treated with a fixing agent, which reacts with the silver halides to form soluble complex salts. Thus, m addition to the bleaching agent, at least one fixing agent must be incorporated into the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates of the present invention.
  • any fixing agent that dissolves light-sensitive silver halides without affecting the silver image without causing excessive swelling or softening of the gelatin layer may be used.
  • Thiosulfates, thiocyanates, thioether compounds, thiourea, and thioglycolic acid are the most important with the proviso that wnen thiocyanate salt is used, it is used either alone or m combination with a different and distinct fixing agent.
  • thiocyanate salts are used as fixing agents, they have limited applications. Thiocyanate salts find some application m ultra-rapid processing systems, as they are more rapid than ammonium thiosulfate. However, because they tend to soften gelatin, the emulsion should be well-hardened and the fixing time very short. Thiocyanate salts also are much more expensive than thiosulfate salts. Even more important, during silver recovery using e_ectrolyt ⁇ c methods there is a possibility of producing toxic hy ⁇ rogen cyanide gas. In the past, these disadvantages rendered the use of thiocyanate salts as a fixing agent undesirable, as it was neither economical nor reliable.
  • a mixture of fixing agents contains an amount of a thiocyanate salt, ranging from about 5 to about 20 percent, and more preferably from about 7 percent to about 15 percent by weight based on the total weight of the fixing agents, a homogenous concentrate essentially free of crystals even after months of storage is formed.
  • any thiocyanate salt may be used having a cation selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, lithium and the like, and preferably ammonium thiocyanate.
  • the thiocyanate salt should be used in an amount sufficient to inhibit crystallized precipitates for an extended period of time. More specifically, the thiocyanate salt may be present in an amount from about 1 percent to about 7 percent, and more preferably, from about 1.5 percent to about 5 percent based on total weight of the bleach-fix concentrate.
  • the precipitate is comprised primarily of salts of the aminopolycarboxylic acid, such as ferrous complexes of the aminopolycarboxylic acid. It is believed that the ferrous complex has a lower solubility than a ferric complex. A solution containing these crystals demonstrates unsatisfactory bleaching capability. That is, the ability to oxidize metallic silver to a silver ion is greatly reduced. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory of mechanism, it is believed that the inclusion of thiocyanate ions keeps the ferrous ions in solution, thus preventing their crystallization and precipitation.
  • any fixing agent other than a thiocyanate salt which acts as a silver halide solvent
  • thiosulfates such as sodium thiosulfate, potassium thiosulfate, ammonium thiosulfate, lithium thiosulfate, and guanidine thiosulfate, and more preferably, ammonium thiosulfate.
  • Ammonium thiosulfate is preferred because solutions containing this fixing agent show a higher rate of fixation than sodium thiosulfate solutions.
  • the other fixing agent should be used in an amount sufficient to solubilize any remaining inactivated silver halide. More specifically, the other fixing agent may be present in an amount from about 20 percent to about 30 percent, and more preferably, from about 22 percent to about 26 percent based on total weight of the concentrate.
  • the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates may contain bleaching agents and fixing agents, including a thiocyanate salt. They may further contain preservatives, acids, alkaline agents, buffering agents, anti-staining agents, and minor amounts of bleaching accelerators, brightening agents, defoaming agents, surfactants, fungicides, anticorrosion agents and organic solvents .
  • the concentrates of the present invention may contain an effective amount of a preservative for stabilization of a thiosulfate salt fixing agent to reduce any decomposition that may occur due to the oxidizing components in the concentrate.
  • a preservative for stabilization of a thiosulfate salt fixing agent to reduce any decomposition that may occur due to the oxidizing components in the concentrate.
  • sulfurous acid ion releasing compounds such as a sulfite.
  • Sulfites which can be employed as preservatives include such representative examples as sodium sulfite, lithium sulfite, potassium sulfite, ammonium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, ammonium bisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, sodium formaldehyde bisulfite and the like.
  • preservatives that can be used include hydroxylamine, hydrazine, a bisulfite addition product of an aldehyde compound, such as sodiumacetaldehyde bisulfite.
  • the preservative should be used in a sufficient amount to be effective in protecting the fixing agents from decomposition. More specifically, the preservative may be present in an amount from about 5 percent to about 20 percent, and more preferably, from about 10 percent to about 15 percent based on total weight of the concentrate.
  • the one-part liquid bleach-fix concentrates of the present invention may further comprise an alkaline agent which becomes basic or alkaline when the concentrates are diluted to a working solution with water.
  • the alkaline agent provides the desired pH level for photographic performance.
  • the alkaline agents used are ammonium, potassium, and sodium hydroxide and preferably, ammonium hydroxide.
  • the alkaline agent should be introduced into the bleach-fix concentrates in an amount sufficient to maintain the desired pH in the dilute working strength solution.
  • an alkaline agent is added in an amount from 0.05 percent to about 3 percent based on total weight of the concentrate.
  • the bleach-fix solution can become contaminated with reduced effectiveness.
  • an acid will help to buffer the solution and prevent stains when development of the latent image is not arrested.
  • any acid will function as an anti-staining agent, however, organic acids are more suitable than inorganic acids because they are less dissociated, and therefore, have a correspondingly smaller tendency to precipitate sulfur from the bleach-fix concentrate or the working solutions made from the concentrates.
  • Well-known acids useful for preventing staining and maintaining an acidic pH in the working solutions include formic acid, acetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, glycolic acid, propionic acid, phosphoric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, and the like.
  • preferred acids have a carboxyl group, and most preferred is acetic acid.
  • the acid in an amount to stop further oxidation of the developer and prevent staining of the photographic materials.
  • the acid can be added in an amount from about 1 percent to about 5 percent based on total weight of the concentrate.
  • phosphoric acid prevents ferrous iron precipitation to such an extent that it can, by itself, stabilize the one-part bleach-fix concentrate to provide a concentrate with an increased shelf life capacity.
  • phosphoric acid When phosphoric acid is used as a source of phosphate ion, it serves to control the pH of the concentrate. If a phosphate salt, rather than phosphoric acid, is used as the source of phosphate ion, then the addition of acid may be needed to prevent staining and to maintain the pH of the concentrate to values between about 4 and about 7, and more specifically, from values between about 5 and about 6. If a phosphate salt is used instead of the phosphoric acid, additional acid may be required to maintain the desired pH and prevent staining.
  • Representative phosphate salts may include trisodium phosphate, disodium monohydrogen phosphate, monosodium dihydrogen phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, dipotassium monohydrogen phosphate, monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate, triammonium phosphate, diammonium monohydrogen phosphate, and monammonium dihydrogen phosphate, to name but a few.
  • the amount of phosphate that is used is generally from about 0.5 to about 8.0 percent wt/wt .
  • the bleaching agent may be selected from the group consisting of compounds of polyvalent metals such as iron, (III), cobalt (III), chromium (VI), and copper (II), peracids, and mixtures thereof.
  • the compounds of the polyvalent metals would include iron (III) compounds such as ferric chloride; ferricyanide; bichromates; and organic complexes of iron (III) with aminopolycarboxylic acids, aminopolyphosphonic acids and organic phosphonic acids.
  • the ferric aminopolycarboxylic acid is preferred, and more preferably, ferric ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
  • the bleaching agent is typically used in an amount of from about 1.0 to about 35 percent wt/wt .
  • the fixing agent is selected from the group that includes thiosulfate salts, thiocyanate salts, thioethers, thiourea, thioglycolic acid, and the like, where thiosulfate is preferred.
  • the fixing agent is generally present in an amount of from 10 percent to about 55 percent wt/wt.
  • the present invention may further provide a re-halogenating agent, for example, bromides, such as potassium bromide, sodium bromide, and ammonium bromide; and chlorides, such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and ammonium chloride.
  • the stable one-part liquid bleach-fix concentrates of the present invention have excellent bleach-fixing power, and hence, a bleaching accelerator is not necessary. Notwithstanding, if desired, a bleaching accelerator may be incorporated.
  • useful bleaching accelerators include organic sulfur compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds and selenium compounds.
  • the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates of the present invention may be accomplished using tap, deionized, or sterilized water. Upon dilution to working strength solutions, the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates may be used effectively for bleaching and fixing photographic materials
  • agitation of the working solution ensures that more of the bleach-fix agents are available to the photographic materials being treated. This results in an increased bleaching and fixing rate. Agitation can be achieved by various techniques including injection of a jet flow of processing solution against the surface of the photosensitive material or increasing the rate of circulation flow through the entire processing solution.
  • the photographic material may be treated in bleach-fix working solution for generally up to 150 seconds, and preferably up to 60 seconds.
  • the one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates may be used in automatic processors.
  • automatic processors perform continuous processing in either a "replenishment” or "batch” mode.
  • replenisher is made up in amounts proportional to the quantity of color photosensitive material processed in order to keep the performance of processing solutions constant.
  • the batch mode all or part of the used processing solution is replaced with a fresh solution whenever the quality of color photo sensitive material processed reaches a predetermined level.
  • the concentration of thiocyanate is low enough to reduce the production of any significant amount of hydrogen cyanide gas.
  • the amounts given in units of grams refer to the associated named pure chemical.
  • One liter of a one-part bleach-fix liquid concentrate was prepared using the following basic formulation as shown below:
  • the components were added sequentially in a single vessel providing approximately 1 liter of the one-part concentrate of the present invention.
  • the vessel was placed in storage at ambient pressure and at a temperature of approximately 20°C.
  • the one-part liquid concentrate prepared according to the above formulation remained crystal free even after 14 months of storage.
  • one liter of a one- part concentrate was prepared without the addition of any thiocyanate salt according to the following formula:
  • the components were added to a single vessel providing approximately 1 liter of a one-part concentrate. It should be noted that the concentration of the thiosulfate salt was increased because an additional fixing agent was not included in the concentrate.
  • the vessel was placed in storage at ambient pressure and at a temperature of approximately 20°C.
  • the one-part liquid concentrate prepared without the addition of a thiocyanate salt produced crystallized precipitates in the concentrate in approximately one month indicating the importance of including a sufficient amount of a thiocyanate salt to provide a one-part concentrate that is essentially free of crystallized precipitates.
  • Example 1 Several different concentrations of a thiocyanate salt were added to the formulation of Example 1 to illustrate the increasing shelf life of the concentrates with the addition of increasing amounts of the thiocyanate salt in the concentrates of the present invention.
  • the shelf life of the one- part bleach-fix liquid concentrates may exceed one year by the addition of at least 30 g of a thiocyanate salt.
  • a thiocyanate salt was added without the addition of another fixing agent the concentrate did not form crystals in two years.
  • high concentrations of thiocyanate salt may form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas during electrolytic recovery of silver from a spent bleach-fix solution.
  • Example 1 prepared without the addition of acetic acid to the one-part bleach-fix concentrate:
  • the components were added to a single vessel m the order presented to provide one liter of stable one-part bleach-fix concentrate .
  • One liter of a one-part bleach-fix concentrate was prepared having the formulation: Ammonium thiosulfate 230 g

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions et des procédés permettant de fabriquer des concentrés liquides stables de blanchiment-fixage appropriés pour être dilués dans des bains prêt à l'emploi, au moyen d'un agent oxydant métallique polyvalent de blanchiment-fixage, au moins un agent de fixation et une source d'ions phosphate. Afin d'empêcher qu'une précipitation ne se produise, ce qui arrive lorsqu'un agent de blanchiment à base de fer (III) est réduit par des composants du concentré, on ajoute des ions phosphate.
EP00989310A 2000-01-06 2000-12-18 Concentres liquides de blanchiment-fixage a un composant Withdrawn EP1269260A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US477565 2000-01-06
US09/477,565 US6221570B1 (en) 2000-01-06 2000-01-06 One-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates
US09/715,612 US6455236B1 (en) 2000-01-06 2000-11-17 One-part bleach-fix liquid concentrates
US715612 2000-11-17
PCT/US2000/034444 WO2001050196A1 (fr) 2000-01-06 2000-12-18 Concentres liquides de blanchiment-fixage a un composant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1269260A1 true EP1269260A1 (fr) 2003-01-02
EP1269260A4 EP1269260A4 (fr) 2003-06-25

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EP00989310A Withdrawn EP1269260A4 (fr) 2000-01-06 2000-12-18 Concentres liquides de blanchiment-fixage a un composant

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EP (1) EP1269260A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003529789A (fr)
AU (1) AU2583001A (fr)
BR (1) BR0016922A (fr)
CA (1) CA2396002A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001050196A1 (fr)

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AU2583001A (en) 2001-07-16
CA2396002A1 (fr) 2001-07-12
WO2001050196A1 (fr) 2001-07-12
JP2003529789A (ja) 2003-10-07
BR0016922A (pt) 2002-10-15
EP1269260A4 (fr) 2003-06-25

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