EP1269094B1 - Method and installation for generating energy - Google Patents
Method and installation for generating energy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1269094B1 EP1269094B1 EP01917197A EP01917197A EP1269094B1 EP 1269094 B1 EP1269094 B1 EP 1269094B1 EP 01917197 A EP01917197 A EP 01917197A EP 01917197 A EP01917197 A EP 01917197A EP 1269094 B1 EP1269094 B1 EP 1269094B1
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- compressor
- combustion chamber
- sent
- nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
- F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
- F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
- F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J3/04121—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
- F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J3/04127—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
- F25J3/04315—Lowest pressure or impure nitrogen, so-called waste nitrogen expansion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
- F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04593—The air gas consuming unit is also fed by an air stream
- F25J3/046—Completely integrated air feed compression, i.e. common MAC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04593—The air gas consuming unit is also fed by an air stream
- F25J3/04606—Partially integrated air feed compression, i.e. independent MAC for the air fractionation unit plus additional air feed from the air gas consuming unit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/20—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in an elevated pressure multiple column system wherein the lowest pressure column is at a pressure well above the minimum pressure needed to overcome pressure drop to reject the products to atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/38—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using pre-separation or distributed distillation before a main column system, e.g. in a at least a double column system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
Definitions
- EP-A-0465193 discloses a method in which the compressor coupled to the expansion machine does not send air to the air separation apparatus.
- An object of the present invention is to simplify the design of the combustion chamber.
- Another object of the invention is to reduce the production of NO x by the gas turbine.
- a gasifier means for supplying an oxygen-enriched gas from the air separation apparatus to the gasifier, and means for supplying fuel from the gasifier to the combustion chamber.
- the oxidant may be an ASU waste nitrogen mixture and makeup air to control the oxygen content.
- a compressor 1 coupled to an expansion machine 3 compresses air at a pressure between 8 and 20 bar.
- the waste nitrogen is warmed to room temperature and compressed in a compressor 13 at a pressure between 8 and 30 bar.
- the air separation apparatus can separate the air by permeation or adsorption.
- At least a portion of the compressed nitrogen gas is supplied with a natural gas flow rate 17 to a combustion chamber 19.
- the oxygen contained in the nitrogen gas serves as a fuel.
- Another air flow 23 of this compressor and / or a compressed residual nitrogen flow 27 can cool the inter-stages of the expansion machine 3 or the nitrogen compressor 13.
- the combustion chamber does not receive air from the compressor 1.
- Another air flow 37 of this compressor and / or a compressed residual nitrogen flow 39 can cool the rotor 41 of the expansion machine 3 or the walls of the combustion chamber 19.
- Part of the air 35 of the makeup compressor 21 can be separated in the air separation apparatus 5. In this way, the apparatus can be supplied with air when the compressor 1 is not operating. Otherwise, this additional air flow of the compressor 21 can make it possible to increase the oxygen production of the apparatus 5.
- the air separation apparatus can be powered totally or partially by air from a dedicated compressor, at least for startup.
- the air of the compressor 1 is purified and divided in two 105,107.
- a flow 105 cools in the main heat exchanger 109 and is sent to the top of the first column 101 as the sole supply.
- the other flow 107 is supercharged in the booster 127 (which may be a cold booster) and cooled in the exchanger 109; then it is sent to the bottom reboiler 111 of the first column 101 where it condenses at least partially before being sent after relaxation to the second column.
- the second column is tank fed a few theoretical trays below the partially condensed air by a liquid flow from the tank of the first column 101.
- the overhead gas of the first column is depleted air 115, so this flow enriched in nitrogen can be for the compressor 13 because it is almost at the same pressure as the supply air.
- the bottom liquid of the second column is expanded and sent to an intermediate level of the third column as the sole feed.
- the tank of the third column is thermally connected with the head of the second column by means of a vaporizer-condenser 113.
- Gaseous oxygen 121 is withdrawn in the vat from the column 103.
- this flow can be withdrawn in liquid form, pressurized and vaporized in the exchanger 109.
- a top gas 117 of the third column is a low pressure nitrogen enriched stream and can be used to cool various elements such as turbine interstages, rotor, etc. rather than the depleted air 115 which itself is at high pressure.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à un procédé et une installation de génération d'énergie. En particulier elle est relative à un procédé et une installation de génération d'énergie dans lesquels un appareil de séparation d'air envoie un débit de gaz enrichi en azote en amont d'une machine de détente qui génère de l'énergie en détendant des gaz de combustion.The present invention relates to a method and an installation for generating energy. In particular, it relates to a method and an energy-generating installation in which an air-separation apparatus sends a nitrogen-enriched gas flow upstream of an expansion machine which generates energy by relaxing combustion gas.
Différents schémas ont été proposés pour intégrer les turbines à gaz et les unités de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique, en particulier dans le cadre des IGCC et des unités de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique fonctionnant à haute pression.Various schemes have been proposed for integrating gas turbines and air separation units by cryogenic distillation, particularly in the context of IGCCs and cryogenic distillation air separation units operating at high pressure.
Typiquement tel que décrit dans US-A-4224045, de l'air est prélevé sur le compresseur d'air de la turbine à gaz pour alimenter au moins partiellement l'unité de séparation d'air qui en retour envoie de l'azote soit dans le combustible destiné à la chambre de combustion soit en amont de la machine de détente de la turbine.Typically as described in US-A-4224045, air is drawn from the air compressor of the gas turbine to at least partially supply the air separation unit which in return sends nitrogen either in the fuel for the combustion chamber is upstream of the turbine expansion machine.
Dans US-A-4382366, qui constitue l'art antérieur le plus proche, tout l'air comprimé dans un compresseur couplé à une turbine à gaz est envoyé à une simple colonne. La chambre de combustion est alimentée par du carburant et de l'azote impur provenant des échangeurs réversibles de l'appareil de séparation d'air.In US-A-4382366, which is the closest prior art, all compressed air in a compressor coupled to a gas turbine is sent to a single column. The combustion chamber is fed with fuel and impure nitrogen from the reversible heat exchangers of the air separation apparatus.
EP-A-0465193 décrit un procédé dans lequel le compresseur couplé à la machine de détente n'envoie pas d'air à l'appareil de séparation d'air.EP-A-0465193 discloses a method in which the compressor coupled to the expansion machine does not send air to the air separation apparatus.
Un but de la présente invention est de simplifier la conception de la chambre de combustion.An object of the present invention is to simplify the design of the combustion chamber.
Un autre but de l'invention est de réduire la production des NOx par la turbine à gaz.Another object of the invention is to reduce the production of NO x by the gas turbine.
Selon un objet de l'invention il est prévu un procédé selon la revendication 1.According to one object of the invention there is provided a method according to claim 1.
Ainsi comme tout l'air du compresseur de la turbine à gaz est envoyé à l'appareil de séparation d'air, la chambre de combustion est simplifiée.Thus, as all the air from the compressor of the gas turbine is sent to the air separation apparatus, the combustion chamber is simplified.
La combustion avec l'oxygne cotnenu dans un débit de gaz de l'air enrichi en azote provenant d'un appareil de séparation d'air permet une très faible production de NOx.Combustion with oxygen in a nitrogen-enriched air gas flow from an air separation unit allows very low NO x production.
Selon d'autres aspects facultatifs de l'invention :
- l'air du compresseur est envoyée à l'appareil de séparation d'air;
- une partie de l'air du compresseur est envoyé à l'appareil de séparation d'air et le reste de l'air comprimé dans le compresseur sert à refroidir au moins un élément de l'appareil autre que la chambre de combustion ;
- l'air envoyé à l'appareil de séparation d'air provient du compresseur ;
- une partie de l'air envoyé à l'appareil de séparation d'air provient d'un compresseur d'appoint ou d'une source d'air sous pression ;
- l'air du compresseur d'appoint est mélangé avec au moins une partie du gaz enrichi en azote avant d'être envoyé à la chambre de combustion;
- on envoie au moins une partie du gaz enrichi en oxygène pour effectuer la gazéification d'un combustible contenant du carbone de façon à générer un débit de combustible ;
- le gaz enrichi en azote contient au moins 5% molaires et au plus 18% molaires d'oxygéne ;
- le gaz enrichi en azote contient moins de 5% molaires d'oxygène ;
- l'air est comprimé par le compresseur jusqu'à entre 8 et 20 bar ;
- compressor air is sent to the air separation unit;
- a part of the air of the compressor is sent to the air separation apparatus and the rest of the compressed air in the compressor serves to cool at least one element of the apparatus other than the combustion chamber;
- the air sent to the air separation apparatus comes from the compressor;
- a part of the air sent to the air separation apparatus comes from a make-up compressor or a source of pressurized air;
- the makeup compressor air is mixed with at least a portion of the nitrogen enriched gas before being sent to the combustion chamber;
- at least a portion of the oxygen-enriched gas is supplied to gasify a carbon-containing fuel to generate a fuel flow rate;
- the nitrogen-enriched gas contains at least 5 mol% and at most 18 mol% oxygen;
- the nitrogen-enriched gas contains less than 5 mol% oxygen;
- the air is compressed by the compressor to between 8 and 20 bar;
Selon un autre objet de l'invention, il est prévu une installation selon la revendication 11.According to another object of the invention, there is provided an installation according to claim 11.
Selon un autre aspect optionnel, il est prévu
un gazéifieur, des moyens pour envoyer un gaz enrichi en oxygène de l'appareil de séparation d'air au gazéifieur et des moyens pour envoyer du combustible du gazéifieur à la chambre de combustion.According to another optional aspect, it is provided
a gasifier, means for supplying an oxygen-enriched gas from the air separation apparatus to the gasifier, and means for supplying fuel from the gasifier to the combustion chamber.
De manière à optimiser le fonctionnement de la chambre de combustion, la comburant peut être un mélange d'azote résiduaire d'un ASU et d'air d'appoint afin de contrôler la teneur en oxygène.In order to optimize the operation of the combustion chamber, the oxidant may be an ASU waste nitrogen mixture and makeup air to control the oxygen content.
L'invention sera maintenant décrite en plus de détail en se référant aux figures 1 et 2.
- La Figure 1 est un schéma d'une installation de production d'énergie selon l'invention.
- La Figure 2 est un schéma d'une installation de séparation d'air (ASU) pouvant typiquement servir dans une installation de production d'energie comme celle de la Figure 1.
- Figure 1 is a diagram of a power plant according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an air separation plant (ASU) that can typically be used in an energy generation facility such as that of Figure 1.
Dans la Figure 1 un compresseur 1 couplé à une machine de détente 3 comprime de l'air à une pression entre 8 et 20 bar.In Figure 1 a compressor 1 coupled to an expansion machine 3 compresses air at a pressure between 8 and 20 bar.
Tout cet air est refroidi, épuré et envoyé à un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique 5 qui produit un débit d'oxygène gazeux ou liquide 7. un débit d'azote gazeux ou liquide 9 et un débit d'azote résiduaire gazeux 11 contenant 91% molaires d'azote et 9% molaires d'oxygène à entre 3 et 11 bar. L'azote résiduaire est réchauffé à la température ambiante et comprimé dans un compresseur 13 à une pression entre 8 et 30 bar.All this air is cooled, purified and sent to a cryogenic distillation air separation apparatus which produces a gaseous or liquid oxygen flow rate 7. A gaseous or liquid nitrogen flow rate 9 and a gaseous waste nitrogen flow rate 11 containing 91 mol% nitrogen and 9 mol% oxygen at between 3 and 11 bar. The waste nitrogen is warmed to room temperature and compressed in a
En variante, l'appareil de séparation d'air peut séparer l'air par perméation ou adsorption.Alternatively, the air separation apparatus can separate the air by permeation or adsorption.
Au moins une partie de l'azote gazeux comprimé 15 est envoyé avec un débit de gaz naturel 17 à une chambre de combustion 19. L'oxygène contenu dans l'azote gazeux sert de carburant.At least a portion of the compressed nitrogen gas is supplied with a natural
Un débit d'air 25 à une pression entre 8 et 30 bar provenant d'un compresseur d'appoint 21 ou d'un autre source d'air sous pression est envoyé à la chambre de combustion 19.An air flow 25 at a pressure between 8 and 30 bar from an auxiliary compressor 21 or other source of pressurized air is sent to the
Dans ce cas, comme l'air contient de l'oxygène, le contenu en oxygène de l'azote résiduaire peut être plus bas selon la quantité d'air envoyé à la chambre de combustion 19; le débit enrichi en azote peut ne comprendre que entre 2 et 5% d'oxygène.In this case, since the air contains oxygen, the oxygen content of the waste nitrogen may be lower depending on the amount of air sent to the
Un autre débit d'air 23 de ce compresseur et/ou un débit d'azote résiduaire comprimé 27 peut refroidir les inter-étage de la machine de détente 3 ou du compresseur d'azote 13.Another
Un autre débit d'air 29 de ce compresseur et/ou un débit d'azote résiduaire comprimé 31 peut être mélangé avec les gaz de combustion 33 et le tout est ensuite envoyé à la machine de détente.Another air flow 29 of this compressor and / or a compressed residual nitrogen flow 31 can be mixed with the
La chambre de combustion ne reçoit pas d'air du compresseur 1.The combustion chamber does not receive air from the compressor 1.
Un autre débit d'air 37 de ce compresseur et/ou un débit d'azote résiduaire comprimé 39 peut refroidir le rotor 41 de la machine de détente 3 ou les parois de la chambre de combustion 19.Another air flow 37 of this compressor and / or a compressed residual nitrogen flow 39 can cool the rotor 41 of the expansion machine 3 or the walls of the
Une partie de l'air 35 du compresseur d'appoint 21 peut être séparée dans l'appareil de séparation d'air 5. De cette façon, l'appareil peut être alimenté en air quand le compresseur 1 ne fonctionne pas. Autrement ce débit supplémentaire d'air du compresseur 21 peut permettre d'augmenter la production d'oxygène de l'appareil 5.Part of the
Eventuellement de l'air du compresseur 1 peut ne pas être envoyé à l'appareil de séparation d'air 5 car il est utilisé pour refroidir divers éléments de la turbine à gaz. Cette partie de l'air peut représenter environ 25% de l'air comprimé.Optionally, air from the compressor 1 may not be sent to the
L'appareil de séparation d'air peut être alimenté totalement ou partiellement par de l'air provenant d'un compresseur dédié, au moins pour le démarrage.The air separation apparatus can be powered totally or partially by air from a dedicated compressor, at least for startup.
La Figure 2 montre un appareil de séparation d'air comprenant une première colonne 101 opérant entre 4 et 30 bar, une deuxième colonne 102 opérant entre 4 et 30 bar et une troisième colonne 103 opérant entre 1,3 et 10 bar. Cet appareil pourrait servir d'appareil de séparation 5 de la Figure 1. De préférence, les colonnes 101,102 opèrent au-dessus de 8 bar.Figure 2 shows an air separation apparatus comprising a
L'air du compresseur 1 est épuré et divisé en deux 105,107.Un débit 105 se refroidit dans l'échangeur principal 109 et est envoyé en tête de la première colonne 101 comme seule alimentation. L'autre débit 107 est surpressé dans le surpresseur 127 (qui peut être un surpresseur froid) et refroidi dans l'échangeur 109 ; ensuite il est envoyé au rebouilleur de cuve 111 de la première colonne 101 où il se condense au moins partiellement avant d'être envoyé après détente à la deuxième colonne. La deuxième colonne est alimentée en cuve quelques plateaux théoriques en dessous de l'air partiellement condensé par un débit de liquide provenant de la cuve de la première colonne 101. Le gaz de tête de la première colonne constitue de l'air appauvri 115, donc ce débit enrichi en azote peut être destiné au compresseur 13 car il est presque à la même pression que l'air d'alimentation.The air of the compressor 1 is purified and divided in two 105,107. A
Le liquide de cuve de la deuxième colonne est détendu et envoyé à un niveau intermédiaire de la troisième colonne comme seule alimentation. La cuve de la troisième colonne est reliée thermiquement avec la tête de la deuxième colonne au moyen d'un vaporiseur-condenseur 113.The bottom liquid of the second column is expanded and sent to an intermediate level of the third column as the sole feed. The tank of the third column is thermally connected with the head of the second column by means of a vaporizer-
Le gaz de tête de la deuxième colonne 102 est de l'azote à haute pression 119.The overhead gas of the
De l'oxygène gazeux 121 est soutiré en cuve de la colonne 103. Eventuellement ce débit peut être soutiré sous forme liquide, pressurisé et vaporisé dans l'échangeur 109.
Un gaz de tête 117 de la troisième colonne constitue un débit enrichi en azote à basse pression et peut servir à refroidir divers éléments tels que les inter-étages de la turbine, le rotor etc. plutôt que l'air appauvri 115 qui, lui, est à pression élevée.A
Evidemment l'appareil doit être tenu en froid par un moyen non-illustré qui peut être une turbine Claude envoyant de l'air à la colonne 101,102, une turbine d'insuifilation envoyant de l'air à la colonne 103, une turbine d'azote résiduaire 117 si la colonne 103 est sous pression ou une turbine d'azote moyenne pression 119.Obviously the apparatus must be kept cold by a non-illustrated means which may be a Claude turbine sending air to the
Les deuxième et troisième colonnes peuvent être remplacées par une triple colonne.The second and third columns can be replaced by a triple column.
Le schéma de la Figure 2 a été décrit dans le contexte d'un procédé intégré dans lequel tout l'air du compresseur de la turbine à gaz est envoyé à l'ASU mais il est évident que le schéma peut être utilisé dans des cas ou tout ou une partie de l'air de ce compresseur est envoyé à la chambre de combustion ou même dans le cas où l'ASU n'est pas intégré avec un autre appareil.The scheme of Figure 2 has been described in the context of an integrated process in which all air from the compressor of the gas turbine is sent to the ASU but it is obvious that the scheme can be used in cases where all or part of the air of this compressor is sent to the combustion chamber or even if the ASU is not integrated with another device.
Les compresseurs 13,21 et 127 peuvent être couplés à une (des) turbine(s) de l'installation, par exemple une turbine à vapeur.The
Claims (12)
- Method of generating energy using an energy generation unit comprising the steps of:i) compressing air in a compressor (1);ii) sending at least part of the air compressed in the compressor to an air separation unit (5) in order to produce at least one oxygen-enriched fluid (7) and at least one nitrogen-enriched gas (9, 11) also containing oxygen;iii) sending fuel (17) and at least part of the nitrogen-enriched gas (11) to a combustion chamber in order to produce combustion gases (33), the air compressed in the compressor (1) not being sent to the combustion chamber; andiv) expanding the combustion gases in an expansion machine (3) coupled to the compressor in order to recover energy;characterized in that the nitrogen-enriched gas is compressed to a pressure between 8 and 30 bar before being sent to the combustion chamber and air at a pressure from 8 to 30 bar from a makeup compressor (21) or a source of pressurized air other than the compressor (1) is sent to the combustion chamber (19).
- Method according to Claim 1, in which all the air from the compressor (1) is sent to the air separation unit (5).
- Method according to Claim 1, in which part of the air from the compressor (1) is sent to the air separation unit (5) and the rest of the air compressed in the compressor serves to cool at least one element of the unit other than the combustion chamber (19).
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which all the air sent to the air separation unit (5) comes from the compressor (1).
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which part (35) of the air sent to the air separation unit (5) comes from a makeup compressor (21) or a source of pressurized air.
- Method according to Claims 1 to 5, in which at least part of the air from the makeup compressor (21) is mixed with at least part of the nitrogen-enriched gas (11) before being sent to the combustion chamber.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least part of the oxygen-enriched gas (1) is sent in order to gasify a fuel containing carbon so as to generate a fuel stream.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the nitrogen-enriched gas (11, 15) contains at least 5 mol% and at most 18 mol% of oxygen or is mixed with air in order to produce a gas containing at least 5 mol% and at most 18 mol% of oxygen, this gas then being sent to the combustion chamber (19).
- Method according to Claims 1 to 5 or 7, in which the nitrogen-enriched gas (11, 15) contains less than 5 mol% of oxygen.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the air is compressed by the compressor (1) to between 8 and 20 bar.
- Energy generating installation comprising:i) a compressor (1);ii) an expansion machine (3) coupled to the compressor;iii) a combustion chamber (19);iv) an air separation unit (15);v) means for sending the air from the compressor to the air separation unit;vi) means for sending a nitrogen-enriched gas (11, 15) containing oxygen from the air separation unit to the combustion chamber and no means for sending air from the compressor to the combustion chamber,characterized in that it comprises means (13) for compressing the nitrogen-enriched gas before sending it to the combustion chamber, as well as a makeup compressor (21) or a source of pressurized air other than the compressor (1) for sending air to the combustion chamber.
- Installation according to Claim 11, comprising a gasifier, means for sending an oxygen-enriched gas from the air separation unit to the gasifier and means for sending fuel from the gasifier to the combustion chamber.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0003583A FR2806755B1 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2000-03-21 | ENERGY GENERATION PROCESS AND INSTALLATION USING AN AIR SEPARATION APPARATUS |
FR0003583 | 2000-03-21 | ||
PCT/FR2001/000839 WO2001071172A2 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2001-03-21 | Method and installation for generating energy |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1269094A2 EP1269094A2 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
EP1269094B1 true EP1269094B1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
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EP01917197A Revoked EP1269094B1 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2001-03-21 | Method and installation for generating energy |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US6718794B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1269094B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4704655B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60119916T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2806755B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001071172A2 (en) |
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EP3059501A1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a combustion system |
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US7197894B2 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2007-04-03 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A' Directorie Et Conseil De Survelliance Pour L'etude Et, L'exploltation Des Procedes Georges, Claude | Integrated process and air separation process |
US20050256335A1 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2005-11-17 | Ovidiu Marin | Providing gases to aromatic carboxylic acid manufacturing processes |
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2000
- 2000-03-21 FR FR0003583A patent/FR2806755B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-21 WO PCT/FR2001/000839 patent/WO2001071172A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-03-21 DE DE60119916T patent/DE60119916T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-21 JP JP2001569131A patent/JP4704655B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-21 EP EP01917197A patent/EP1269094B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2001-03-21 US US10/239,353 patent/US6718794B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3059501A1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a combustion system |
WO2016131634A1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a combustion system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1269094A2 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
WO2001071172A3 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
FR2806755A1 (en) | 2001-09-28 |
US6718794B2 (en) | 2004-04-13 |
JP4704655B2 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
JP2003532824A (en) | 2003-11-05 |
DE60119916D1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
FR2806755B1 (en) | 2002-09-27 |
DE60119916T2 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
WO2001071172A2 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
US20030136147A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
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