EP1269013A1 - Eolienne - Google Patents

Eolienne

Info

Publication number
EP1269013A1
EP1269013A1 EP01911993A EP01911993A EP1269013A1 EP 1269013 A1 EP1269013 A1 EP 1269013A1 EP 01911993 A EP01911993 A EP 01911993A EP 01911993 A EP01911993 A EP 01911993A EP 1269013 A1 EP1269013 A1 EP 1269013A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
turbine according
vanes
wind
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01911993A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alan John Rogan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0006639A external-priority patent/GB0006639D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0103374A external-priority patent/GB0103374D0/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1269013A1 publication Critical patent/EP1269013A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F03D3/068—Cyclic movements mechanically controlled by the rotor structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/16—Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/72—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis parallel to the rotor centre line
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • This invention relates to turbines.
  • the invention is particularly concerned with turbines of the kind having a rotor with vanes that are individually pivoted to the rotor and are each turned to vary its pitch as the rotor rotates.
  • Turbines of this kind are known for use in harnessing wind power and in this context are commonly referred to as x indmills', but are applicable also for harnessing flow in water or other fluids.
  • a turbine having a rotor with vanes that are individually pivoted to the rotor, wherein means for turning each vane on its pivotal axis to vary the pitch of the vane cyclically with rotation of the rotor, is coupled to a coupling point on the vane spaced from that axis and is operative during rotation of the rotor to constrain the coupling point to follow a circular path having its centre offset from the rotational axis of the rotor.
  • the vanes may be pivotally mounted on respective radial arms of the rotor, and said means may comprise a plurality of links which respectively intercouple the coupling points of the vanes with a common point that is offset from the rotational axis of the rotor and relative to which the rotor rotates.
  • the links may comprise individual rods, and the said common point may be a point on a member that is angularly displaceable about the rotational axis of the rotor for varying the angular phasing about that axis of the cyclic pitch variation of each vane.
  • the rotor may be carried by a rotatably- mounted shaft and said member may then be carried by a shaft that is coaxial with the rotor shaft.
  • the rotational axis of the rotor may be substantially vertical or substantially horizontal, and there may be a plurality of said rotors mounted for rotation in substantially parallel planes.
  • Figure 1 is an illustrative side elevation of the first windmill according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation in plan to reduced scale, of a rotor of the windmill of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic plan view of a central portion of the rotor of the windmill of Figure 1, showing hydraulic rams and a control system for them which are omitted for clarity from Figure 2 ;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of the rotor of the windmill of Figure 1 with its vanes fully feathered for withstanding dangerous high-wind conditions;
  • Figure 5 is an illustrative side elevation of the second windmill according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation to reduced scale, of one of two rotors of the second windmill, as viewed on the line VI-VI of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is illustrative to enlarged scale, of detail of the second windmill viewed in the direction of the arrow VII of Figure 5.
  • the rotor 1 of the windmill comprises four vanes 2 to 5 that are carried respectively by four mutually-orthogonal arms 6 of equal length that extend horizontally from a vertical, hollow shaft 7.
  • the shaft 7 is mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis 8 within a tower 9 of a cabin 10, and is coupled within the cabin 10 to the rotor of an electrical generator 11. Electrical power output of the generator 11 is accordingly dependent on rotation of the rotor 1 about the axis 8 under wind pressure on the vanes 2 to 5.
  • Each of the vanes 2 to 5 has a mounting-bracket 12 by which it is attached to its respective arm 6 through a pivot 13.
  • the pivot 13 allows the angle of pitch of the individual vane 2 to 5 relative to its arm 6 to be varied during the course of rotation of the rotor 1.
  • the vanes 2 to 5 are regulated in pitch by control rods 14 that in each case are coupled at one end to the bracket 12 of the respective vane 2 to 5 by a pivot 15 spaced from the vane-pivot 13.
  • the other ends of the rods 14 are brought together for individual pivotal attachment within a common pivot 16 on the outer end of a crank-arm 17 of a vertical shaft 18.
  • the shaft 18 extends coaxially within the hollow shaft 7 from a gearbox 19 that is driven by a stepping-motor or servo unit 20 within the cabin 10.
  • the unit 20 sets the angular orientation of the crank-arm 17 in azimuth about the axis 8 in dependence upon the direction of the wind as sensed from the orientation of a wind-deflected vane 21 by a unit 22 external to the cabin 10.
  • the orientation of the crank-arm 17 relative to the wind direction determines the speed with which the rotor 1 is turned by the wind, and accordingly the efficiency with which wind power is converted by the windmill to electrical power output from the generator 11.
  • the coupling of the control rods 14 to the pivot 16 offset from the rotor-axis 8, is effective to cause the pitch of each vane 2 to 5 to vary cyclically throughout each revolution of the rotor 1, as the pivots 13 and 15 follow overlapping circular paths A and B centred on the axis 8 and the pivot 16 respectively ( Figure 2) . More particularly, the pitch of each vane 2 to 5 relative to its arm 6 varies progressively, but not at a uniform rate, throughout one complete turn, for each revolution of the rotor 1.
  • each vane 2 to 5 follows a cyclic pattern of progressively-changing pitch which, if considered as starting from the condition (represented in Figure 2 by the vane 2) in which it faces at right angles to its arm 6, it turns 135 degrees relative to its arm 6 in each of the first and second quadrants, and 45 degrees in each of the third and fourth quadrants; the vane accordingly takes up the orientations corresponding to those of the vanes 3, 4, 5 and 2 in Figure 2 at the ends of the first, second, third and fourth quadrants respectively.
  • This cyclic pattern of progressively-changing pitch is followed throughout each revolution of the rotor 1, by each vane 2 to 5, with the nominal start of the pattern (vane facing at right angles to its arm 6) located with an orientation, or angular phasing, in azimuth dependent on the angular setting of the crank-arm 17 about the axis 8.
  • the nominal start of the pattern of progressively-changing pitch for each vane 2 to 5 is with the vane facing full square into the wind W.
  • the vane 2 is at the nominal start of the pattern and exerts maximum torque to turn the rotor 1 in the direction of the arrow R
  • the vane 4 is edge-on to the wind W so exerts substantially no counteracting torque on the rotor 1.
  • the vanes 3 and 5, furthermore, are correspondingly angled at 45 degrees to the wind W so that the substantially equal-torques of opposite sense they exert on the rotor 1 effectively cancel one another out. The result, therefore, is that the full effect of the wind pressure on the vane 2 is utilised to turn the rotor 1 in the direction R under maximum torque.
  • Change of direction of the wind W is detected by the unit 22 through the response of the vane 21, and causes the unit 20 to adjust the angle of the shaft 18, and therefore of the crank-arm 17 in azimuth, to maintain maximum torque.
  • the adjustment of the angle of the crank-arm 17 has the effect of tilting the vanes 2 to 5 in pitch consistent with the change this adjustment makes in the angular phasing about the axis 8 at which they will each in turn again face full-square into the wind.
  • the unit 27 is connected by pairs of hydraulic lines 28 and 29 (only one pair shown in full) to opposite ends of the cylinders 24, and when activated unlocks the pistons 25 and operates the rams 23 to adjust the lengths of the rods 14.
  • the lengths of the rods 14 are adjusted, as illustrated in Figure 4, in accordance with the wind-direction as sensed by the vane 21, to tilt all the vanes 2 to 5 edge-on to the wind W, fully feathered. Once the danger has passed, the fall in sensed wind-speed causes the hydraulic unit 27 to return the pistons 25 to their normal positions within the cylinders 24 and lock them there.
  • two rotors 30 and 31 are in this case located at opposite ends of a horizontal boom 32 that is rotatable on a bearing 33 at the top of a tower 34 of a cabin 35.
  • Each rotor 30 and 31 comprises four vanes 36 to 39 that are carried on a hollow shaft 40 by respective mutually-orthogonal arms 41 of equal length, for rotation in a vertical plane about the horizontal axis 42 of the shaft 40.
  • the vanes 36 to 39 of each rotor 30 and 31 have mounting- brackets 43 that are attached to the rotor-arms 41 by pivots 44. Regulation of the pitch of each vane 36 to 39 about its pivot 44 is effected in each case by an individual control rod 45 that at its outer end is attached to the bracket 43 of that respective vane through a pivot 46. The inner ends of the control rods 45 are attached individually through a common pivot 47 to the outer end of a crank-arm 48 of a shaft 49 which extends coaxially within the shaft 40.
  • the co-linear shafts 40 of the rotors 30 and 31 are coupled via respective bevel gears 50 to a bevel gear 51 of a vertical hollow shaft 52 within the tower 34, whereas (as illustrated more clearly in Figure 7) the shafts 49 are coupled via respective bevel gears 53 to a bevel gear 54 of a shaft 55.
  • the shaft 52 is coupled at its lower end within the cabin 35 to the rotor of an electrical generator 56, and the shaft 55 extends through this from a gearbox 57 that is driven by a stepping-motor or servo unit 58.
  • Manual or automatic control of the unit 58 is effective to vary via the gearbox 57 and the shaft 55, and thence via the shafts 49, the corresponding angular settings of the crank-arms 48 of the rotors 30 and 31, and accordingly the angular phasing within each revolution of the rotors 30 and 31 at which the vanes 36 to 39 face horizontally in turn.
  • the optimum phasing (for maximum torque) is that in which the vanes 36 to 39 of the rotor face horizontally either at the bottom or the top of the revolution; the rotors 30 and 31 are illustrated with this phasing in Figures 5 and 6, the horizontally-facing vane condition being at the bottom for the rotor 30 and at the top for the rotor 31 to afford balance.
  • the boom 32 is maintained turned across the wind by means of an electric motor 59 that drives it in azimuth on the bearing 33, via gearing 60.
  • the motor 59 is in this respect controlled from a unit 61 that responds to the orientation of a wind-deflected vane 62 mounted externally of the cabin 35.
  • the unit 61 is also responsive to dangerous high-wind conditions indicated by an anemometer 63, to activate the motor 59 to turn the boom 32 into alignment with the wind so that the vanes 36 to 39 are then all edge-on to the wind direction for safety.
  • the rotors each have four vanes, they may have fewer or more.
  • solar panels (such as indicated in chain- dotted outline SP on the panels 36 in Figure 5) may be attached to the vanes so that electrical power is available irrespective of whether the wind is blowing.
  • the principle of the pitch-angle adjusting mechanism used in the windmills described above may be applied to the comparable adjustment of vanes of a water-current driven turbine. More especially, the rotors of the windmills described above may be utilised underwater to derive power from water current.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une éolienne constituée de pales (2-5; 36-39) pivotant (13; 44) sur les bras radiaux (6; 41) de leur rotor (1; 30, 31) et tournées par des tiges (14; 45) reliant les pales (2-5; 36-39) individuellement à un pivot commun (16; 47) décalé par rapport à l'axe (8; 42) du rotor sur un bras (17; 48) de manivelle. Les tiges (14; 45) contraignent leurs pivots (15; 46) avec les pales (2-5; 36-39) à suivre un chemin circulaire (B) centré sur leur pivot commun (16; 47) situé sur le bras (17; 48) de manivelle, afin que le pas desdites pales varie cycliquement avec la rotation du rotor. Le réglage angulaire du bras (817; 48) de manivelle autour de l'axe (8; 42) du rotor fait varier la mise en phase angulaire du cycle de pas dans chaque révolution, ainsi, pour une vitesse et une direction du vent constantes (W), la vitesse du rotor varie. Lorsque l'axe (8) du rotor est vertical, un couple de sortie maximal est maintenu par la rotation du bras (17) de manivelle, en réponse au changement de direction du vent détecté par une pale capteur (21), et les tiges (14) possèdent des vérins hydrauliques (23) permettant de modifier les longueurs de tige en éclipsant les pales (2-5) en alignement sur le bord dans la direction du vent lorsqu'un anémomètre (26) détecte des conditions de vent fort. Lorsque l'axe (42) du rotor est horizontal, deux rotors (30, 31) sont montés aux extrémités opposées d'un bras (32) tourné contre le vent, en fonction de la direction du vent détectée par une pale (62) et dans le sens du vent lorsque des conditions de vent fort sont détectées par un anémomètre (63).
EP01911993A 2000-03-21 2001-03-21 Eolienne Withdrawn EP1269013A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0006639A GB0006639D0 (en) 2000-03-21 2000-03-21 Vertical axis windmill
GB0006639 2000-03-21
GB0103374A GB0103374D0 (en) 2001-02-12 2001-02-12 Turbines
GB0103374 2001-02-12
PCT/GB2001/001221 WO2001071182A1 (fr) 2000-03-21 2001-03-21 Eolienne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1269013A1 true EP1269013A1 (fr) 2003-01-02

Family

ID=26243904

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01911993A Withdrawn EP1269013A1 (fr) 2000-03-21 2001-03-21 Eolienne

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20030049128A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1269013A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4091101A (fr)
CA (1) CA2403257A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2360551B (fr)
WO (1) WO2001071182A1 (fr)

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US7182573B2 (en) * 2004-11-24 2007-02-27 Stanley Jonsson Wind turbine
ES2285912B1 (es) * 2005-09-15 2008-10-16 Bernardo Martinez Penades Generador eolico de palas verticales moviles, que giran alrededor del mastil y a su vez sobre si mismas.
DE102005045516A1 (de) * 2005-09-22 2007-03-29 Daubner & Stommel GbR Bau-Werk-Planung (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Matthias Stommel, 27777 Ganderkesee) Verfahren zur Anpassung einer Windenergieanlage an gegebene Windverhältnisse
US7323791B2 (en) * 2006-03-27 2008-01-29 Jonsson Stanley C Louvered horizontal wind turbine
US7550865B2 (en) * 2006-06-27 2009-06-23 Jonsson Stanley C Wind turbine having variable pitch airfoils that close when moving against the direction of the wind
US7385302B2 (en) * 2006-06-27 2008-06-10 Jonsson Stanley C Wind turbine having variable pitch airfoils
DE102006040929B4 (de) * 2006-08-31 2009-11-19 Nordex Energy Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Windenergieanlage mit einem Synchrongenerator und einem Überlagerungsgetriebe
JPWO2008123154A1 (ja) * 2007-03-23 2010-07-15 学校法人日本大学 流体式動力装置及び流体式発電装置
US20100196142A1 (en) * 2007-10-02 2010-08-05 Jong-Won Park Power generating apparatus using fluid
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US20100098542A1 (en) * 2008-10-20 2010-04-22 Jonsson Stanley C Wind Turbine Having Two Sets of Air Panels to Capture Wind Moving in Perpendicular Direction
US7888810B2 (en) * 2008-11-21 2011-02-15 Jose Paul Francois Moretto Wind turbine generator system
WO2010080574A2 (fr) * 2008-12-18 2010-07-15 Rydon Energy, L.L.C. Éolienne
JP5626504B2 (ja) * 2009-05-12 2014-11-19 正教 横山 風水車
US8480363B2 (en) * 2009-06-03 2013-07-09 Thomas Mellus Fenaughty Self-starting turbine with dual position vanes
CN101761449B (zh) * 2010-01-14 2011-11-02 上海凡鸿环保科技发展有限公司 垂直轴风力发电系统及其风叶角度自动调节装置
CN102242690B (zh) * 2010-05-14 2013-08-28 代理义 远程垂直传动风力发电机
CN102211655B (zh) * 2011-05-12 2013-05-08 郑志刚 船舶仿生双向推进器
WO2013037374A1 (fr) 2011-09-13 2013-03-21 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Procédé permettant d'améliorer la performance de la puissance d'un parc éolien à réseau de grande taille par la manipulation active du sillage pour réduire les effets d'ombre
GB2495745A (en) * 2011-10-19 2013-04-24 Christopher John Coxon Wind or tidal flow turbine
CH705681A2 (de) * 2011-10-20 2013-04-30 Envergate Ag Windturbine.
DE102012000135A1 (de) * 2012-01-06 2013-07-11 Roland Mahler Windkraftanlage
US9297359B1 (en) * 2012-01-19 2016-03-29 Dennis Alan Liljegren Pitch control assembly for vertical axis wind turbine
CN102817785A (zh) * 2012-05-22 2012-12-12 盐城纺织职业技术学院 一种垂直轴风力发电机
FR2997736A1 (fr) * 2012-11-02 2014-05-09 Pascal Epineau Eolienne a axe vertical, comprenant au moins une paire de pales pivotantes dont les pivotements sont associes l'un a l'autre
FR2998337B1 (fr) * 2012-11-16 2014-12-26 Pham Pascal Andre Georges Ha Deux aeromoteurs tetes beches cycles sur 4 temps avec surfaces de biplans photovoltaiques tracants des courbes de viviani et contres couples de reglage au vent s'annulant sur axe de girouette
WO2014101904A1 (fr) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-03 Simeti S.R.O. Dispositif utilisant le flux de gaz ou de liquides
CN103670941B (zh) * 2014-01-09 2016-02-03 天津市职业大学 一种变桨距垂直轴风力发电机
CN103899486B (zh) * 2014-04-04 2016-05-04 哈尔滨工程大学 轨道控制式垂直轴轮机
CH709743A2 (de) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-15 Agile Wind Power Ag Vertikale Windkraftanlage sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Anlage.
CN104747346A (zh) * 2015-02-11 2015-07-01 周华 一种划板式水流能量转换装置
CN106121912B (zh) * 2016-08-29 2018-08-21 南京林业大学 一种垂直轴可变翼风力发电机
FR3072134B1 (fr) * 2017-10-11 2020-10-23 Collaborative Energy Eolienne verticale a pales pivotantes
WO2021152466A1 (fr) * 2020-01-28 2021-08-05 Mohan Rajkumar Dewan Ensemble éolienne à panneaux solaires

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20030049128A1 (en) 2003-03-13
GB2360551B (en) 2003-01-22
GB0107036D0 (en) 2001-05-09
GB2360551A (en) 2001-09-26
CA2403257A1 (fr) 2001-09-27
WO2001071182A1 (fr) 2001-09-27
AU4091101A (en) 2001-10-03

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