EP1267374A1 - Electrical interrupting device with mouvable contact bridge - Google Patents

Electrical interrupting device with mouvable contact bridge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1267374A1
EP1267374A1 EP02354070A EP02354070A EP1267374A1 EP 1267374 A1 EP1267374 A1 EP 1267374A1 EP 02354070 A EP02354070 A EP 02354070A EP 02354070 A EP02354070 A EP 02354070A EP 1267374 A1 EP1267374 A1 EP 1267374A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
rotation
contact member
bridge
connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02354070A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1267374B1 (en
Inventor
Francis Schneider Electric Ind. S.A. Chevalier
Sandrine Schneider Electric Ind. S.A. Masson
Denis Schneider Electric Ind. S.A. Milan
Francois Schneider Electric Ind. S.A. Trichon
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP1267374A1 publication Critical patent/EP1267374A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1267374B1 publication Critical patent/EP1267374B1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02Details
    • H01H33/04Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121Load break switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00Contacts
    • H01H1/12Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2016Bridging contacts in which the two contact pairs commutate at substantially different moments
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/14Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with bridging contact that is not electrically connected to either line contact in open position of switch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high voltage electrical switchgear with bridge contact such as a switch disconnector, a disconnector, a disconnecting switch earth or a switch, with or without breaking capacity, with or without breaking capacity closing.
  • Document US 4,263,487 describes an electric power switch for high voltage with air cutoff, comprising a first connection area connected to a fixed contact member, a second connection pad connected to a movable contact blade pivoting around a fixed geometric axis, and a mechanism blade drive.
  • the free end of the blade forms a permanent contact, and is provided with an arcing contact formed by a rod guided in translation in a direction orthoradial with respect to the axis of rotation of the blade, and returned by a return spring to a partially retracted rest position.
  • connection contact member has a permanent contact cooperating with the free end of the blade and a contact complementary arc formed by a blowing piston, movable inside a chamber blowing, returned to a rest position by a blowing spring, and provided a clamp which cooperates with the rod carried by the blade.
  • the permanent contacts separate first, while the rod remains in taken inside a pliers of the piston, which leads to a simultaneous compression of the return spring for rod and piston blowing spring. The distance between the blade and the connection contact increases, until reaching a point where the clamp suddenly releases the stem.
  • a cut-off disconnector is described under load high voltage, comprising a movable contact bridge connecting two contact members of connection.
  • a drive mechanism translates the movable contact between a closed position and a sectioning position, along an axis of translation perpendicular to the contact bridge. In the sectioning position, a double cut is performed and the contact bridge remains at a floating potential.
  • the isolation distance to respect between the contact bridge and each of the two connection contacts is more small than the insulation distance that would be required between two conductors, each at potential of one of the connection contacts. The size is therefore reduced by compared to a pivoting mobile contact device of the type described above.
  • the pure translational movement of the contact bridge has the consequence that it separates simultaneously from the two connection contacts, generating two arcs electric in series. It is therefore necessary to provide two arcing contact devices allowing the simultaneous extinction of the two arcs.
  • the arcing contacts being parts mobile, the reliability of the device is reduced and the price increased.
  • the mass in motion at the time when the cut takes place that is to say at the time of the separation of arcing contacts, includes the entire mass of the contact bridge and contacts arc, which requires a drive mechanism of high power and energy.
  • Document DE1 690 506 describes a high load cut-off switch voltage, comprising a movable contact bridge connecting two connection pads shaped like clips.
  • One of the clamps is associated with an arc extinguishing chamber to ensure openings under load.
  • the other clamp is sized to ensure a large closing power.
  • a drive mechanism operates the contact bridge of such so that at the opening, the bridge separates successively from the clamp associated with the extinguisher chamber then the clamp with high closing power while on closing, the bridge plugs first into the clamp associated with the extinguishing chamber and then into the clamp with high closing power.
  • the contact bridge is a lever articulated by a central pivot with a movable driving rod in translation.
  • Sequencing is obtained either by ensuring different friction between the clamps and the bridge, either by providing different masses for the two lever arms of the bridge, or again by providing lever arms for different lengths, or again by combining the previous measurements.
  • the mechanism does not allow precise control of the position of the contact bridge during the maneuver.
  • a baase voltage disconnector switch comprising a pair of movable knives cooperating at one end with a bar of a busbar and at the other end with a fixed contact connected to an output conductor, an arc extinguishing chamber being arranged opposite the fixed contact.
  • the pair of movable knives is articulated around a first axis connected by a first set of connecting rods to an operating shaft, a second set of connecting rods being articulated on the shaft and at the end of the bar side knives.
  • the first axis is subject to move parallel to itself along a trajectory comprising a portion of an arc followed by a portion substantially straight.
  • a first rotation of the tree produced through connecting rods a displacement of the axis according to the portion of arc of circle, causing the separation of the pair of mobile knives and the fixed contact.
  • a second consecutive shaft rotation at the first produces a displacement of the axis along the rectilinear portion causing a separation of the pair of knives and the bar.
  • the pair of knives substantially follows a rotation path around the axis of rotation of the shaft maneuver, while only a displacement of the part in contact with the bar would be necessary. This does not allow optimization of the operating energy.
  • the pair of knives remains between the bar and the fixed contact.
  • the shortest current path through the air and through the pair of knives between the bar and the fixed contact hardly increases between the open position obtained at the end of the first phase and the alleged sectioning position obtained at the end of the second phase.
  • the second phase of the movement only improves not the isolation between the bar and the fixed contact.
  • the only effect of the second phase is so isolate the pair of knives.
  • Such a solution which may be of interest in low voltage, cannot be transposed to high voltage.
  • the closing takes place according to the reverse sequence: the pair of knives spindles first in the bar, then the pair knives close the circuit by coming into contact with the fixed contact.
  • the invention therefore aims to remedy the drawbacks of the state of the art, so as to offer low voltage high voltage electrical switchgear size, and requiring only a low energy mechanism for the operation opening and closing. More specifically, it aims to improve performance and to simplify a high voltage electrical switchgear with contact bridge.
  • the contact bridge performs a movement which is essentially a rotation around the second connecting contact member, so that the energy necessary to bring, from a closed position of rest , the first movable contact at a speed given at the instant of separation between the first movable contact and the first connection contact member is less than the energy which would be necessary if it were necessary to simultaneously move the second movable contact.
  • the contact bridge Due to the reversal of the direction of rotation in the second phase of the movement opening, the contact bridge separates from the second connection contact member without getting close to the first one so that overall, the length of the current path passing from one connecting contact member to the other passing through the air and the bridge contact grows continuously.
  • the contact bridge when it reaches the separation position, is separated from the two connecting contact members and is at a floating potential.
  • the disruptive tension that is to say the tension from which an arc is born between the contacts, is approximately twice the breaking voltage corresponding to a movable contact member which would still be electrically connected to the second contact member connection contact. Indeed, there are two arcs which must burst simultaneously to establish a current, between the contact bridge and each of the contact members of connection. It is therefore possible to obtain interesting performances in a reduced volume.
  • the contact bridge is in a double cutting position at the end of second phase, approximately equidistant from the first and second organs of connection contact.
  • the sectioning is obtained between the bridge and the first member of connection contact on the one hand, and between the contact bridge and the second member of connection contact on the other hand.
  • the distance required between the contact bridge and each connection contact member is therefore weaker than that which would be required between a fixed connection contact member and a pivoting movable contact around a fixed axis and remaining at the potential of the second contact member of connection.
  • the contact bridge in the sectioning position can be placed in close proximity to the wall, parallel to it for example, while in the case of a movable contact remaining at potential of one of the phases, it is necessary to respect between the movable contact in position section and the enclosure wall a phase-neutral safety distance.
  • the device is to be placed in the air near another equipment. Overall, a more compact apparatus is obtained.
  • the guide device comprises a connecting rod articulated guide on the second pivot and on a pivot integral with the chassis.
  • Guidance is so extremely simple to make, and inexpensive. It produces both kinematics necessary for the movement in two phases than that necessary for the third phase.
  • the guide device comprises a slide of guide integral with the chassis and in which the second pivot slides.
  • the slide has a first substantially orthoradial ramp relative to an imaginary axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the crank and passing close to the second member of connection contact, and a second ramp which is substantially radial with respect to the axis of crank rotation.
  • Guidance is then more complex from a point of view constructive, but it leaves an additional degree of freedom to the designer to establish a ideal displacement curve of the contact bridge.
  • other guides are possible and in particular guide devices cooperating with a other material point of the contact bridge or one of the connecting rods.
  • the instantaneous center of rotation is not necessarily fixed in each of the phases.
  • the instantaneous center of rotation is located at proximity of the second mobile contact member during the first phase. This allows to have minimal movement between the second movable contact member and the second connection contact member during this phase, since it seeks to preserve the contact between these two organs.
  • the instantaneous center of rotation is found near the first movable contact member during the second phase. This allows quick separation of the second movable contact member from the second member connection contact, and thus rapidly increase the disruptive voltage between the contact bridge and connecting contact members.
  • the separation movement comprises a third phase following the second phase and in which the contact bridge pivots around the instantaneous center of rotation in the second direction of rotation, bringing the contact bridge in contact with a grounding or grounding contact member and bringing the first movable contact member in contact with the first contact member of connection.
  • the first contact body of connection is earthed.
  • the first connection contact member comprises an arcing contact cooperating with an arcing contact of the first contact member mobile.
  • the arcing contacts can be of the blow piston and rod type, described in the US document whose description is integrated here on this point by reference. He is at underline that the invention requires only one pair of arcing contacts, against two for the conventional contact bridge switchgear.
  • At least one of the contact members of connection includes a clamp cooperating in the closed position with a knife the mobile contact member with which it is in contact.
  • the invention relates to high voltage switchgear, in particular switchgear in the air or in a gas with high dielectric strength, but also oil switchgear.
  • high voltage is meant here, according to international normative vocabulary, all voltages above 1000V, which understand both the medium voltage and very high voltage domains tensions.
  • an overhead medium voltage switch-disconnector 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention comprises a first member for connection contact 12, a second connection contact member 14, and a bridge mobile contact 16, driven by a drive mechanism 18.
  • the first connection contact member 12 is fixed to an insulator 20 ensuring its maintenance relative to a sheet of a support frame 22, and is connected to a overhead conductor, in this case to a bar 24 of a set of power bars.
  • the first connection contact member 12 is composed of a clamp 26 and a contact arc formed by a piston 28 of the well known type described for example in the document US 4,263,487.
  • the second connection contact member 14 is a clamp 29, visible in detail in Figure 4, attached to one end of a bushing 30 entering the tank of a medium voltage electric transformer with oil insulation, through the sheet 22.
  • the movable contact bridge 16 is constituted by a rigid metal blade 32 forming a first movable contact member 34 on the side of one of its ends, and a second movable contact member 36 on the side of its opposite end.
  • the first movable contact member 34 is composed of a knife 38 and a spark arrester rod 40, visible in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the second member 36 is a simple knife.
  • the body 32 of the rigid blade provides the electrical connection between the two movable contact members 34, 36 which are always at the same electrical potential.
  • the drive mechanism comprises a motor shaft 42 rotated by a motor mechanism not shown and driving a transmission shaft 44, also said drive shaft, by means of a driving crank 46 keyed onto the shaft motor 42, a driven crank 48 keyed onto the drive shaft 44 and a connecting rod transmission 49 articulated on the two cranks 46, 48.
  • the motor shaft 42 and the shaft 44 are arranged perpendicular to the plane of the figures and are journalled on bearings supported by the chassis 22.
  • the shaft 44 carries a double crank 50.
  • the crank 50 supports a first pivot 52 allowing the articulation of a first connecting rod intermediate 54, and a second pivot 56 allowing the articulation of a second connecting rod intermediate 58.
  • the first connecting rod 54 is also articulated on the contact bridge 16, around a first pivot 60 of bridge 16, located at an intermediate point between the two movable contact members 34, 36, near the first movable contact member 34.
  • the second connecting rod is also articulated on the contact bridge, around a second pivot 62 of deck 16, located at an intermediate point between the first pivot 60 and the second movable contact member 36, close to the latter.
  • the second pivot 62 is guided in a guide slide 64, particularly visible in Figure 4, which has a first ramp 66 inclined in a substantially orthoradial direction relative to a imaginary axis 68 which would be parallel to the axis of rotation 70 of the drive shaft 44 and pass in the immediate vicinity of the second clamp 36, this first ramp 66 is extending by a second ramp 72 substantially radial relative to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft 44.
  • the geometric axes of rotation of the pivots 52, 56, 60, 62 are all parallel to the geometric axis of rotation of the drive shaft 44, so that the movement of the contact bridge 16 is plane, i.e.
  • the angle of the first connecting rod 54 is the angle ⁇ 1 open between a geometric straight line passing through the two pivots 52, 60 of the first connecting rod 54 on the one hand and a straight line passing through the pivot 52 of the first connecting rod on the crank and the axis of rotation of the shaft 44 on the other hand, angle whose apex is located on the pivot 52 of rotation of the first connecting rod relative to the crank.
  • the angle of the second connecting rod is the angle ⁇ 2 open between a geometric straight line passing through the two pivots 56, 62 of the second connecting rod 58 on the one hand and a straight line passing through the pivot 56 of the second connecting rod on the crank 50 and the axis of rotation of the shaft 44 on the other hand, angle whose apex is located on the pivot 56 of rotation of the second connecting rod 58 relative to the crank 50.
  • the apparatus passes from the closed position of FIG. 1 to the transient cut-off position of FIG. 3, passing through the transient position before cut-off in FIG. 2, gradually opening the angle ⁇ 1 of the first connecting rod and the angle ⁇ 2 of the second connecting rod.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 of the first connecting rod remains close to 90 °, so that the rotation of the crank 50 results in a significant displacement of the pivot 60, while the angle ⁇ 2 of the second connecting rod 58 remains weak, which results in a slight displacement of the pivot 62 along the first ramp 66 of the slide 64.
  • the planar movement of the contact bridge 16 breaks down into a rotation in anticlockwise in the figures, around an instantaneous center of rotation located near the second clamp 29 and the second knife 36, and a displacement of the instantaneous axis of rotation such as this remains close to the second clamp 29 and the second knife 36.
  • the second knife 36 therefore remains inserted in the second clamp 29. More specifically, between the position of FIG. 1 and that of FIG. 2, the displacement of the bridge 16 gives place at the separation between the first knife 38 and the first clamp 26. However, the spark arrester 40 remains inserted in the piston 28 and drives the latter. Between the position of FIG. 2 and that of FIG.
  • the spark arrester 40 separates from the piston 28 which returns suddenly to its rest position under the stress of a return spring.
  • the separation of the arcing contacts 28, 40 gives rise to an electric arc which is blown by the retracting piston.
  • the duration of the displacement between the position of FIG. 2 and that of FIG. 3 is preferably greater than one period of the alternating current, ie 20 ms, so that one is assured of at least two zero crossings of the current before the apparatus does not reach the position of FIG. 3.
  • the electric arc is extinguished while the distance between the first contact members 12, 34 increases rapidly and the residual gases of the cut-off are blown by the piston 28. This rapid distance ensures sufficient dielectric strength to avoid any reclacing when the transient recovery voltage increases between the first contact members.
  • the current is definitively interrupted.
  • the shaft 44 continues its rotation towards the sectioning position shown in FIG. 4, movement which constitutes the second phase, known as sectioning. .
  • the angle ⁇ 1 of the first connecting rod 54 continues to increase until it is around 180 ° in the position of FIG. 4, while the angle ⁇ 2 of the second connecting rod 58 reaches then exceeds 90 °, following the sliding of the second pivot 62 in the second ramp 72 of the slide 64.
  • the movement of the second pivot 62 of the bridge is therefore preponderant compared to the movement of the first pivot 60 of the bridge and the contact bridge 16 performs a compound movement comprising a clockwise rotation around an instantaneous center of rotation located near the first pivot.
  • the double sectioning position is reached when the contact bridge 16 is parallel to its closed position, substantially equidistant from the two connecting contact members 12, 14, at a sufficient distance to ensure cutting between the contact bridge 16 - which is at a floating potential - and each of the two connection contact members 12, 14.
  • the closing takes place with a reverse sequence, caused by the rotation of the drive shaft 44 clockwise.
  • the second knife 36 plugs into the second clamp 29, then the first knife 38 and the spark arrester 40 respectively in the first clamp 26 and in the piston 28.
  • the slide 64 makes it possible to reduce the number of degrees of freedom of the transmission constituted by the drive mechanism 18, so as to impose on the contact bridge 16 a complex movement comprising in the first phase a counterclockwise rotation and in the second phase a clockwise rotation.
  • a second embodiment is shown in Figures 4 to 7.
  • the apparatus electrical considered is an earthing switch 100, comprising a first connection clamp 102, a second connection clamp 104, a clamp earth 106, and a contact bridge 110 driven by a drive mechanism 112 mounted on a support frame 113.
  • the contact bridge 110 has a blade shape and constitutes a first movable contact in knife 114 at one of its ends and a second movable double knife contact 116 at the opposite end.
  • the pliers 104, 106 are fixed relative to the chassis 113.
  • the drive mechanism 112 includes a drive shaft 118 driven by a motor mechanism not shown.
  • the shaft 118 is arranged perpendicular to the plane of the figures and pivots around an axis of rotation 122, guided by bearings supported with respect to the chassis 113.
  • the shaft carries a double crank 124.
  • the crank supports a first pivot 126 allowing the articulation of a first connecting rod intermediate 128, and a second pivot 130 allowing the articulation of a second intermediate rod 132.
  • the first rod 128 is also articulated on the bridge of contact 110, around a first pivot 134 of the contact bridge, located near the first movable contact 114.
  • the second connecting rod 132 is also articulated on the contact bridge 110, near the second movable contact member 116, around a second pivot 136 from the bridge.
  • a guide rod 140 is articulated between the second pivot 136 of the bridge and a pivot 142 for rotation about a geometric axis fixed relative to the chassis 113, placed in immediate proximity the first contact clamp 102.
  • the geometric axes of rotation of pivots 126, 130, 134, 136, 142 are all parallel to the geometric axis of rotation 122 of the drive shaft 118, so that the movement of the contact bridge 110 is plane, that is to say parallel to the plane of the figures.
  • the first phase is an opening phase, which allows to pass the position closed in Figure 5 to the open transient position in Figure 6.
  • the crank 124 pivots counterclockwise and drives both intermediate connecting rods 128, 132.
  • the second pivot 136 which is constrained by the connecting rod guide 140 to follow a circular path around the fixed geometric axis of the pivot 142, moves very little, so that the contact bridge 110 performs a movement of rotation around the instantaneous center of rotation which, during the first phase, remains located at the second clamp 104 and the second knife 116, allowing separation between the first clamp 102 and the first knife 114 while requiring the maintenance of the second knife 116 in the second clamp 104.
  • the limitation of movement imposed by the guide rod 140 on the second pivot 136 of the contact bridge is close to that imposed by the first ramp 66 of the slide 70 of the first mode of realization of the invention.
  • the second phase is a double sectioning phase, in which the movement limitation imposed by the guide rod 140 on the second pivot 136 of the contact bridge is similar to that imposed by the second ramp 72 of the slide 64 of the first embodiment of the invention.
  • Contact bridge 110 undergoes movement compound comprising a clockwise rotation around a instantaneous center of rotation located near the first pivot of the bridge. At the end of the sectioning, the bridge 110 finds itself in a position parallel to its closed position, approximately equal distance from the two connection clamps 102, 104, at a distance to ensure double sectioning, i.e. sectioning opposite of each of the connection clamps 102, 104.
  • the third phase of the movement is the actual grounding phase, in which the bridge 110 continues to rotate clockwise until the first movable contact 114 again enters the first clamp 102 while the second movable contact 116 enters the earthing clamp 106, causing the earthing earth or to the earth of the conductor linked to the first connection clamp 102.
  • the instantaneous center of rotation is more or less between the first and the second pivots 134, 136 of the contact bridge.
  • the position of the bridge in figure 8 is approximately between 60 and 90 ° from its closed position.
  • the closing takes place in a reverse sequence, caused by the rotation of the drive shaft 118 in a clockwise direction and passing from the position of Figure 8, to the position of Figure 7, then to that of Figure 6 to the position of figure 5.
  • the slide can be replaced by a guide rod as described in the second embodiment.
  • the connecting rod can be replaced by a slide which would have two ramps identical to that of the first embodiment, and one third ramp corresponding to the path taken by the second pivot in the third phase of the movement according to the second embodiment.
  • Clamp contacts can be replaced by any other type of contact allowing a pivoting movement between the second movable contact member and the second connection contact member.
  • the connecting rods of the mechanism can advantageously be doubled so as to provide better guidance.

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  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The high voltage circuit breaker has a chassis, a first connection contact (102) , and a second connection unit (104). There is a bridge contact (110) and a moving contact (116) and connecting fixed contact forming the engagement mechanism (112). The closing plane movement follows an inverse sequence with a first closure phase. The first closure phase has the contact bridge rotating in a first direction, and the second closure phase following a second rotation direction assuring contact between the mobile contact unit and the first contact connection.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention est relative à un appareillage électrique de coupure haute tension à pont de contact tel qu'un interrupteur sectionneur, un sectionneur, un sectionneur de mise à la terre ou un commutateur, avec ou sans pouvoir de coupure, avec ou sans pouvoir de fermeture.The invention relates to a high voltage electrical switchgear with bridge contact such as a switch disconnector, a disconnector, a disconnecting switch earth or a switch, with or without breaking capacity, with or without breaking capacity closing.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART

Dans le document US 4.263.487 est décrit un interrupteur électrique de puissance pour haute tension à coupure dans l'air, comportant une première plage de raccordement connectée à un organe de contact fixe, une deuxième plage de raccordement connectée à une lame de contact mobile pivotant autour d'un axe géométrique fixe, et un mécanisme d'entraínement de la lame. L'extrémité libre de la lame forme un contact permanent, et est pourvue d'un contact d'arc formé par une tige guidée en translation suivant une direction orthoradiale par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la lame, et rappelée par un ressort de rappel vers une position de repos partiellement rétractée. L'organe de contact de raccordement comporte un contact permanent coopérant avec l'extrémité libre de la lame et un contact d'arc complémentaire formé par un piston de soufflage, mobile à l'intérieur d'une chambre de soufflage, rappelé vers une position de repos par un ressort de soufflage, et pourvu d'une pince qui coopère avec la tige portée par la lame. Lorsque la lame pivote vers sa position ouverte, les contacts permanent se séparent en premier, alors que la tige reste en prise à l'intérieur d'une pince du piston, ce qui amène à une compression simultanée du ressort de rappel de la tige et du ressort de soufflage du piston. La distance entre la lame et le contact de raccordement croít, jusqu'à arriver à un point où la pince relâche brusquement la tige. Il s'ensuit une rétraction brusque et simultanée de la tige et du piston vers leur position rétractée respective, les éloignant l'un de l'autre et provoquant une expulsion de l'air contenu dans la chambre de soufflage, par la pince, en direction de la tige. Un arc électrique naít entre la tige et la pince au moment de leur séparation. L'air soufflé par le piston permet de refroidir rapidement cet arc, ce qui conduit à une extinction de l'arc lors du passage du courant par zéro. Le soufflage permet également d'éloigner les particules ionisées susceptibles de provoquer son réamorçage après coupure. Le mouvement de la lame se poursuit, éloignant les contacts jusqu'à ce que soit atteinte une distance de sectionnement. En position de sectionnement, la lame reste à la tension de la plage de raccordement à laquelle est reliée. La distance entre la lame en position de sectionnement et le premier organe de contact doit par conséquent être importante pour garantir le sectionnement de l'appareil, ce qui cause un problème d'encombrement de l'appareil.Document US 4,263,487 describes an electric power switch for high voltage with air cutoff, comprising a first connection area connected to a fixed contact member, a second connection pad connected to a movable contact blade pivoting around a fixed geometric axis, and a mechanism blade drive. The free end of the blade forms a permanent contact, and is provided with an arcing contact formed by a rod guided in translation in a direction orthoradial with respect to the axis of rotation of the blade, and returned by a return spring to a partially retracted rest position. The connection contact member has a permanent contact cooperating with the free end of the blade and a contact complementary arc formed by a blowing piston, movable inside a chamber blowing, returned to a rest position by a blowing spring, and provided a clamp which cooperates with the rod carried by the blade. When the blade pivots towards its open position, the permanent contacts separate first, while the rod remains in taken inside a pliers of the piston, which leads to a simultaneous compression of the return spring for rod and piston blowing spring. The distance between the blade and the connection contact increases, until reaching a point where the clamp suddenly releases the stem. It follows a sudden and simultaneous retraction of the rod and the piston towards their respective retracted position, moving them away from each other and causing expulsion of the air contained in the blowing chamber, by the clamp, in the direction of the rod. A bow electric between the rod and the clamp at the time of their separation. The air blown by the piston allows this arc to cool quickly, which leads to extinction of the arc during current flow through zero. The blowing also removes the particles ionized likely to cause its re-ignition after cut-off. The movement of the blade continues, moving the contacts away until a distance of sectioning. In the sectioning position, the blade remains at the tension of the range of connection to which is connected. The distance between the blade in the sectioning position and the first contact member should therefore be important to guarantee the sectioning of the device, which causes a problem of space requirement of the device.

Dans le document DE 2.434.438 est décrit un sectionneur à coupure en charge haute tension, comportant un pont de contact mobile reliant deux organes de contact de raccordement. Un mécanisme d'entraínement assure la translation du contact mobile entre une position fermée et une position de sectionnement, suivant un axe de translation perpendiculaire au pont de contact. En position de sectionnement, une double coupure est réalisée et le pont de contact reste à un potentiel flottant. La distance d'isolement à respecter entre le pont de contact et chacun des deux contacts de raccordement est plus faible que la distance d'isolement qui serait nécessaire entre deux conducteurs, chacun au potentiel de l'un des contacts de raccordement. L'encombrement est donc réduit par rapport à un appareillage à contact mobile pivotant du type précédemment décrit. Par contre, le mouvement de translation pure du pont de contact a pour conséquence que celui-ci se sépare simultanément des deux contacts de raccordement, engendrant deux arcs électriques en série. Il est donc nécessaire de prévoir deux dispositifs de contacts d'arc permettant l'extinction simultanée des deux arcs. Les contacts d'arc étant des pièces mobiles, la fiabilité du dispositif s'en trouve diminuée et le prix augmenté. De plus, la masse en mouvement au moment où la coupure à lieu, c'est-à-dire au moment de la séparation des contacts d'arc, comprend toute la masse du pont de contact et des contacts d'arc, ce qui impose un mécanisme d'entraínement de puissance et d'énergie élevée.In the document DE 2.434.438 a cut-off disconnector is described under load high voltage, comprising a movable contact bridge connecting two contact members of connection. A drive mechanism translates the movable contact between a closed position and a sectioning position, along an axis of translation perpendicular to the contact bridge. In the sectioning position, a double cut is performed and the contact bridge remains at a floating potential. The isolation distance to respect between the contact bridge and each of the two connection contacts is more small than the insulation distance that would be required between two conductors, each at potential of one of the connection contacts. The size is therefore reduced by compared to a pivoting mobile contact device of the type described above. Through against, the pure translational movement of the contact bridge has the consequence that it separates simultaneously from the two connection contacts, generating two arcs electric in series. It is therefore necessary to provide two arcing contact devices allowing the simultaneous extinction of the two arcs. The arcing contacts being parts mobile, the reliability of the device is reduced and the price increased. In addition, the mass in motion at the time when the cut takes place, that is to say at the time of the separation of arcing contacts, includes the entire mass of the contact bridge and contacts arc, which requires a drive mechanism of high power and energy.

Dans le document DE1 690 506 est décrit un sectionneur à coupure en charge haute tension, comportant un pont de contact mobile reliant deux plages de raccordement conformées en pinces. L'une des pinces est associée à une chambre d'extinction d'arc pour assurer des ouvertures en charge. L'autre pince est dimensionnée pour assurer un grand pouvoir de fermeture. Un mécanisme d'entraínement manoeuvre le pont de contact de telle manière qu'à l'ouverture, le pont se sépare successivement de la pince associée à la chambre d'extinction puis de la pince à haut pouvoir de fermeture alors qu'à la fermeture, le pont s'embroche d'abord dans la pince associée à la chambre d'extinction puis dans la pince à haut pouvoir de fermeture. Le pont de contact est un levier articulé par un pivot médian à une tige motrice mobile en translation. Le séquencement est obtenu soit en assurant des frottements différents entre les pinces et le pont, soit en prévoyant des masses différentes pour les deux bras de levier du pont, soit encore en prévoyant des bras de levier de longueurs différentes, soit encore en combinant les mesures précédentes. Le mécanisme ne permet pas un contrôle précis de la position du pont de contact durant la manoeuvre.Document DE1 690 506 describes a high load cut-off switch voltage, comprising a movable contact bridge connecting two connection pads shaped like clips. One of the clamps is associated with an arc extinguishing chamber to ensure openings under load. The other clamp is sized to ensure a large closing power. A drive mechanism operates the contact bridge of such so that at the opening, the bridge separates successively from the clamp associated with the extinguisher chamber then the clamp with high closing power while on closing, the bridge plugs first into the clamp associated with the extinguishing chamber and then into the clamp with high closing power. The contact bridge is a lever articulated by a central pivot with a movable driving rod in translation. Sequencing is obtained either by ensuring different friction between the clamps and the bridge, either by providing different masses for the two lever arms of the bridge, or again by providing lever arms for different lengths, or again by combining the previous measurements. The mechanism does not allow precise control of the position of the contact bridge during the maneuver.

Dans le document FR 2 511 807 est décrit interrupteur sectionneur baase tension comprenant une paire de couteaux mobiles coopérant par une extrémité avec une barre d'un jeu de barres et par l'autre extrémité avec un contact fixe relié à un conducteur de sortie, une chambre d'extinction d'arc étant disposée en regard du contact fixe. La paire de couteaux mobiles est articulée autour d'un premier axe relié par un premier jeu de bielles à un arbre de manoeuvre, un second jeu de bielles étant articulé sur l'arbre et à l'extrémité des couteaux côté barre. Le premier axe est assujetti à se déplacer parallèlement à lui-même selon une trajectoire comprenant une portion d'arc de cercle suivit d'une portion sensiblement rectiligne. Une première rotation de l'arbre produit par l'intermédiaire des bielles un déplacement de l'axe selon la portion d'arc de cercle, provoquant la séparation de la paire de couteaux mobiles et du contact fixe. Une seconde rotation de l'arbre consécutive à la première produit un déplacement de l'axe selon la portion rectiligne provoquant une séparation de la paire de couteaux et de 1a barre. Dans cette seconde phase, la paire de couteaux suit sensiblement une trajectoire de rotation autour de l'axe de rotation de l'arbre de manoeuvre, alors que seul un déplacement de la partie en contact avec la barre serait nécessaire. Ceci ne permet pas une optimisation de l'énergie de manoeuvre. Durant la deuxième rotation, la paire de couteaux reste entre la barre et le contact fixe. Par conséquent, le plus court chemin de courant passant dans l'air et dans la paire de couteaux entre la barre et le contact fixe n'augmente pratiquement pas entre la position ouverte obtenue à la fin de la première phase et la position prétendue de sectionnement obtenue à la fin de la deuxième phase. En d'autres termes, la deuxième phase du mouvement n'améliore pas le sectionnement entre la barre et le contact fixe. Le seul effet de la deuxième phase est donc d'isoler la paire de couteaux. Une telle solution, qui peut avoir un intérêt en basse tension, n'est pas transposable en haute tension. Par ailleurs, il n'est pas possible de prévoir une mise à la terre ou à la masse de la paire de couteaux. La fermeture se déroule suivant la séquence inverse : la paire de couteaux s'embroche tout d'abord dans la barre, puis la paire de couteaux vient fermer le circuit en venant en contact avec le contact fixe.In document FR 2 511 807 is described a baase voltage disconnector switch comprising a pair of movable knives cooperating at one end with a bar of a busbar and at the other end with a fixed contact connected to an output conductor, an arc extinguishing chamber being arranged opposite the fixed contact. The pair of movable knives is articulated around a first axis connected by a first set of connecting rods to an operating shaft, a second set of connecting rods being articulated on the shaft and at the end of the bar side knives. The first axis is subject to move parallel to itself along a trajectory comprising a portion of an arc followed by a portion substantially straight. A first rotation of the tree produced through connecting rods a displacement of the axis according to the portion of arc of circle, causing the separation of the pair of mobile knives and the fixed contact. A second consecutive shaft rotation at the first produces a displacement of the axis along the rectilinear portion causing a separation of the pair of knives and the bar. In this second phase, the pair of knives substantially follows a rotation path around the axis of rotation of the shaft maneuver, while only a displacement of the part in contact with the bar would be necessary. This does not allow optimization of the operating energy. During the second rotation, the pair of knives remains between the bar and the fixed contact. Through therefore, the shortest current path through the air and through the pair of knives between the bar and the fixed contact hardly increases between the open position obtained at the end of the first phase and the alleged sectioning position obtained at the end of the second phase. In other words, the second phase of the movement only improves not the isolation between the bar and the fixed contact. The only effect of the second phase is so isolate the pair of knives. Such a solution, which may be of interest in low voltage, cannot be transposed to high voltage. Furthermore, it is not possible to predict grounding or grounding the pair of knives. The closing takes place according to the reverse sequence: the pair of knives spindles first in the bar, then the pair knives close the circuit by coming into contact with the fixed contact.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

L'invention vise donc remédier aux inconvénients de l'état de la technique, de manière à proposer un appareillage électrique de coupure haute tension de faible encombrement, et ne nécessitant qu'un mécanisme de faible énergie pour la manoeuvre d'ouverture et de fermeture. Plus spécifiquement, elle vise à améliorer les performances et à simplifier un appareillage électrique de coupure haute tension à pont de contact.The invention therefore aims to remedy the drawbacks of the state of the art, so as to offer low voltage high voltage electrical switchgear size, and requiring only a low energy mechanism for the operation opening and closing. More specifically, it aims to improve performance and to simplify a high voltage electrical switchgear with contact bridge.

Selon l'invention, ces objectifs sont atteints grâce à un appareillage électrique de coupure comportant

  • un châssis ;
  • un premier organe de contact de raccordement ;
  • un deuxième organe de contact de raccordement ;
  • un pont de contact comportant un premier organe de contact mobile et un deuxième organe de contact mobile reliés électriquement l'un à l'autre le pont de contact étant mobile entre une position de fermeture d'une part, dans laquelle le premier organe de contact mobile est en contact avec le premier organe de contact de raccordement et le deuxième organe de contact mobile est en contact avec le deuxième organe de contact de raccordement, et une position de double sectionnement d'autre part, dans laquelle le pont de contact est approximativement à égale distance des premier et deuxième organes de contact de raccordement ;
  • un mécanisme d'entraínement pour entraíner le pont de contact dans un mouvement plan de séparation par rapport au châssis de la position de fermeture à la position de double sectionnement, et dans un mouvement fermeture inverse au mouvement d'ouverture de la position de double sectionnement à la position de fermeture, le mouvement du pont de contact permettant de définir à chaque instant un centre instantané de rotation lié au pont de contact et ayant une vitesse nulle à l'instant considéré ; le mécanisme d'entraínement étant tel que le mouvement plan de séparation comporte deux phases successives, avec une première phase dans laquelle le pont de contact pivote autour du centre instantané de rotation dans un premier sens de rotation, assurant la séparation entre premier organe de contact mobile et le premier organe de contact de raccordement, puis une deuxième phase dans laquelle le pont de contact pivote autour du centre instantané de rotation dans un deuxième sens de rotation, opposé au premier sens de rotation, assurant la séparation entre le deuxième organe de contact mobile et le deuxième organe de contact de raccordement et; le mécanisme d'entraínement étant tel que le mouvement plan de fermeture se déroule suivant une séquence inverse avec une première phase de fermeture dans laquelle le pont de contact pivote autour du centre instantané de rotation dans le premier sens de rotation, assurant le contact entre le deuxième organe de contact mobile et le deuxième organe de contact de raccordement suivi d'une deuxième phase de fermeture dans laquelle le pont de contact pivote autour du centre instantané de rotation dans le deuxième sens de rotation, assurant le contact entre le premier organe de contact mobile et le premier organe de contact de raccordement.
According to the invention, these objectives are achieved by means of an electrical switchgear comprising
  • a chassis ;
  • a first connection contact member;
  • a second connection contact member;
  • a contact bridge comprising a first movable contact member and a second movable contact member electrically connected to each other, the contact bridge being movable between a closed position on the one hand, in which the first contact member movable is in contact with the first connecting contact member and the second movable contact member is in contact with the second connecting contact member, and a double sectioning position on the other hand, in which the contact bridge is approximately equidistant from the first and second connecting contact members;
  • a drive mechanism for driving the contact bridge in a planar movement of separation with respect to the chassis from the closed position to the double sectioning position, and in a closing movement opposite to the opening movement of the double sectioning position in the closed position, the movement of the contact bridge making it possible to define at each instant an instantaneous center of rotation linked to the contact bridge and having a speed zero at the instant considered; the drive mechanism being such that the planar separation movement comprises two successive phases, with a first phase in which the contact bridge pivots around the instantaneous center of rotation in a first direction of rotation, ensuring the separation between first contact member mobile and the first connection contact member, then a second phase in which the contact bridge pivots around the instantaneous center of rotation in a second direction of rotation, opposite to the first direction of rotation, ensuring the separation between the second contact member mobile and the second connecting contact member and; the drive mechanism being such that the planar closing movement takes place in a reverse sequence with a first closing phase in which the contact bridge pivots around the instantaneous center of rotation in the first direction of rotation, ensuring contact between the second movable contact member and the second connection contact member followed by a second closing phase in which the contact bridge pivots around the instantaneous center of rotation in the second direction of rotation, ensuring contact between the first contact member mobile and the first connection contact member.

Du fait que la séparation des deux contacts mobiles n'est pas simultanée, seul le premier organe de contact de raccordement et le premier organe de contact mobile seront soumis à l'arc électrique. Il est donc possible de prévoir des dispositions spécifiques pour prévenir la dégradation de ces contacts soumis à l'arc, sans avoir à dupliquer ces dispositions sur les deuxièmes contacts dont on prévoit qu'ils ne seront pas soumis à l'arc électrique. Le coût de l'appareillage s'en trouve réduit. De manière analogue, si l'appareillage doit assurer une coupure en charge ou une coupure sur court-circuit et si des contacts d'arc s'avèrent nécessaires, il est possible de ne prévoir ces contacts d'arc que sur le premier organe de contact de raccordement et sur le premier organe de contact mobile, d'où également un gain par rapport à un appareil à double coupure classique. De même, il n'est pas nécessaire de dupliquer les dispositions prises pour éviter la dégradation des contacts lors de la fermeture des contacts sur un court-circuit. Since the separation of the two movable contacts is not simultaneous, only the first connection contact member and the first movable contact member will subjected to electric arc. It is therefore possible to make specific provisions for prevent the degradation of these contacts subjected to the arc, without having to duplicate these provisions on second contacts which are not expected to be subjected to arcing electric. The cost of the apparatus is reduced. Similarly, if the switchgear must ensure a load cut-out or a short-circuit cut-off and if arcing contacts are necessary, it is possible to provide these arcing contacts only on the first connection contact member and on the first movable contact member, hence also a gain compared to a conventional double break device. Likewise, it it is not necessary to duplicate the measures taken to avoid the degradation of contacts when closing the contacts on a short circuit.

Par ailleurs, l'énergie nécessaire pour séparer les contacts mobiles des contacts de raccordement, due notamment au frottement entre les contacts dans la phase de séparation, est également diminuée par rapport à un appareillage à double coupure classique.In addition, the energy required to separate the movable contacts from the contacts of connection, due in particular to the friction between the contacts in the separation phase, is also reduced compared to a conventional double-break switchgear.

Durant la première phase du mouvement d'ouverture, le pont de contact effectue un mouvement qui est essentiellement une rotation autour du deuxième organe de contact de raccordement, de sorte que l'énergie nécessaire pour amener, à partir d'une position fermée de repos, le premier contact mobile à une vitesse donnée à l'instant de séparation entre le premier contact mobile et le premier organe de contact de raccordement est inférieure à l'énergie qui serait nécessaire s'il était nécessaire de déplacer simultanément le deuxième contact mobile. Si l'on prend, pour fixer les idées, un modèle simplifié dans lequel le pont de contact serait une barre métallique de longueur L et de masse M, dont le moment d'inertie par rapport à un axe passant par l'une des extrémités de la barre vaut ML2/3, l'énergie pour amener l'extrémité libre de la barre, situé à la distance L de l'axe de rotation de la barre et initialement au repos, à une vitesse linéaire V, est MV2/12, alors que l'énergie nécessaire pour amener simultanément, par un mouvement de translation perpendiculaire à l'axe de la barre, les deux extrémités libres de la barre à la vitesse V est MV2/2. Le gain énergétique illustré par ce modèle simplifié permet de minimiser l'énergie, donc les dimensions du mécanisme d'entraínement.During the first phase of the opening movement, the contact bridge performs a movement which is essentially a rotation around the second connecting contact member, so that the energy necessary to bring, from a closed position of rest , the first movable contact at a speed given at the instant of separation between the first movable contact and the first connection contact member is less than the energy which would be necessary if it were necessary to simultaneously move the second movable contact. If we take, to fix ideas, a simplified model in which the contact bridge would be a metal bar of length L and mass M, whose moment of inertia with respect to an axis passing through one of the ends of the bar is ML 2/3, the energy to bring the free end of the bar, located at the distance L from the axis of rotation of the bar and initially at rest, at a linear velocity V, is MV 2 / 12, while the energy needed to bring simultaneously, by a translational movement perpendicular to the axis of the bar, the two free ends of the bar at the speed V is MV 2/2. The energy gain illustrated by this simplified model makes it possible to minimize the energy, therefore the dimensions of the drive mechanism.

Du fait de l'inversion du sens de rotation dans la deuxième phase du mouvement d'ouverture, le pont de contact se sépare du deuxième organe de contact de raccordement sans se rapprocher du premier de sorte que globalement, la longueur du chemin de courant passant d'un organe de contact de raccordement à l'autre en passant par l'air et le pont de contact croít continûment. Le pont de contact, lorsqu'il atteint la position de séparation, est séparé des deux organes de contact de raccordement et se trouve à un potentiel flottant. Pour une distance donnée entre le pont de contact et l'organe de contact de raccordement le plus proche, la tension disruptive, c'est-à-dire la tension à partir de laquelle un arc naítra entre les contacts, est approximativement le double de la tension disruptive correspondant à un organe de contact mobile qui serait encore relié électriquement au deuxième organe de contact de raccordement. En effet, se sont deux arcs qui doivent éclater simultanément pour établir un courant, entre le pont de contact et chacun des organes de contact de raccordement. Il est donc possible d'obtenir des performances intéressantes dans un volume réduit.Due to the reversal of the direction of rotation in the second phase of the movement opening, the contact bridge separates from the second connection contact member without getting close to the first one so that overall, the length of the current path passing from one connecting contact member to the other passing through the air and the bridge contact grows continuously. The contact bridge, when it reaches the separation position, is separated from the two connecting contact members and is at a floating potential. For a given distance between the contact bridge and the connection contact member the nearest, the disruptive tension, that is to say the tension from which an arc is born between the contacts, is approximately twice the breaking voltage corresponding to a movable contact member which would still be electrically connected to the second contact member connection contact. Indeed, there are two arcs which must burst simultaneously to establish a current, between the contact bridge and each of the contact members of connection. It is therefore possible to obtain interesting performances in a reduced volume.

Le pont de contact se trouve dans une position de double sectionnement en fin de deuxième phase, approximativement à égale distance des premier et deuxième organes de contact de raccordement. Le sectionnement est obtenu entre le pont et le premier organe de contact de raccordement d'une part, et entre le pont de contact et le deuxième organe de contact de raccordement d'autre part. La distance nécessaire entre le pont de contact et chaque organe de contact de raccordement est donc plus faible que celle qui serait nécessaire entre un organe de contact de raccordement fixe et un contact mobile pivotant autour d'un axe fixe et restant au potentiel du deuxième organe de contact de raccordement. Qui plus est, si l'appareillage doit être installé dans une enveloppe blindée, le pont de contact en position de sectionnement peut être disposé à proximité directe de la paroi, parallèle à celle-ci par exemple, alors que dans le cas d'un contact mobile restant au potentiel d'une des phases, il est nécessaire de respecter entre le contact mobile en position de sectionnement et la paroi de l'enceinte une distance de sécurité phase-neutre. La même remarque s'applique si l'appareillage doit être disposé dans l'air à proximité d'un autre appareillage. On obtient donc globalement un appareillage plus compact.The contact bridge is in a double cutting position at the end of second phase, approximately equidistant from the first and second organs of connection contact. The sectioning is obtained between the bridge and the first member of connection contact on the one hand, and between the contact bridge and the second member of connection contact on the other hand. The distance required between the contact bridge and each connection contact member is therefore weaker than that which would be required between a fixed connection contact member and a pivoting movable contact around a fixed axis and remaining at the potential of the second contact member of connection. Furthermore, if the switchgear is to be installed in a shielded enclosure, the contact bridge in the sectioning position can be placed in close proximity to the wall, parallel to it for example, while in the case of a movable contact remaining at potential of one of the phases, it is necessary to respect between the movable contact in position section and the enclosure wall a phase-neutral safety distance. The same note applies if the device is to be placed in the air near another equipment. Overall, a more compact apparatus is obtained.

Préférentiellement, le mécanisme d'entraínement comporte:

  • au moins une manivelle pivotant autour d'un axe géométrique fixe par rapport au châssis,
  • au moins une première bielle reliant la manivelle à un premier pivot du pont de contact, ledit premier pivot étant situé entre le premier organe de contact mobile et le deuxième organe de contact mobile ;
  • au moins une deuxième bielle reliant la manivelle à un deuxième pivot du pont de contact, ledit deuxième pivot étant situé entre le premier pivot et le deuxième organe de contact mobile ;
  • un dispositif de guidage du pont de contact.
Preferably, the drive mechanism comprises:
  • at least one crank pivoting about a fixed geometric axis with respect to the chassis,
  • at least a first connecting rod connecting the crank to a first pivot of the contact bridge, said first pivot being located between the first movable contact member and the second movable contact member;
  • at least a second connecting rod connecting the crank to a second pivot of the contact bridge, said second pivot being located between the first pivot and the second movable contact member;
  • a device for guiding the contact bridge.

La présence de deux bielles et du dispositif de guidage assure un positionnement certain du pont de contact par rapport à la manivelle, de sorte que les mouvements de séparation et de fermeture sont parfaitement contrôlés. The presence of two connecting rods and the guide device ensures positioning certain of the contact bridge with respect to the crank, so that the movements of separation and closure are perfectly controlled.

Selon une première variante, le dispositif de guidage comporte une bielle de guidage articulée sur le deuxième pivot et sur un pivot solidaire du châssis. Le guidage est alors extrêmement simple à réaliser, et peu coûteux. Il permet de produire aussi bien la cinématique nécessaire au mouvement en deux phases que celle nécessaire pour la troisième phase.According to a first variant, the guide device comprises a connecting rod articulated guide on the second pivot and on a pivot integral with the chassis. Guidance is so extremely simple to make, and inexpensive. It produces both kinematics necessary for the movement in two phases than that necessary for the third phase.

Selon une deuxième variante, le dispositif de guidage comporte une glissière de guidage solidaire du châssis et dans laquelle coulisse le deuxième pivot. La glissière comporte une première rampe sensiblement orthoradiale par rapport à un axe imaginaire parallèle à l'axe de rotation de la manivelle et passant à proximité du deuxième organe de contact de raccordement, et une deuxième rampe sensiblement radiale par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la manivelle. Le guidage est alors plus complexe d'un point de vue constructif, mais il laisse un degré supplémentaire de liberté au concepteur pour établir une courbe idéale de déplacement du pont de contact. Naturellement, d'autres dispositifs de guidages sont envisageables et notamment des dispositifs de guidage coopérant avec un autre point matériel du pont de contact ou de l'une des bielles.According to a second variant, the guide device comprises a slide of guide integral with the chassis and in which the second pivot slides. The slide has a first substantially orthoradial ramp relative to an imaginary axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the crank and passing close to the second member of connection contact, and a second ramp which is substantially radial with respect to the axis of crank rotation. Guidance is then more complex from a point of view constructive, but it leaves an additional degree of freedom to the designer to establish a ideal displacement curve of the contact bridge. Naturally, other guides are possible and in particular guide devices cooperating with a other material point of the contact bridge or one of the connecting rods.

Alternativement, il est possible de guider le premier pivot par l'intermédiaire d'une glissière.Alternatively, it is possible to guide the first pivot via a slide.

Naturellement, le centre instantané de rotation n'est pas nécessairement fixe dans chacune des phases. Préférentiellement, le centre instantané de rotation se trouve à proximité du deuxième organe de contact mobile durant la première phase. Ceci permet d'avoir un mouvement minimal entre le deuxième organe de contact mobile et le deuxième organe de contact de raccordement durant cette phase, puisqu'on cherche à conserver le contact entre ces deux organes. Préférentiellement, le centre instantané de rotation se trouve à proximité du premier organe de contact mobile durant la deuxième phase. Ceci permet de séparer rapidement le deuxième organe de contact mobile du deuxième organe de contact de raccordement, et d'accroítre ainsi rapidement la tension disruptive entre le pont de contact et les organes de contact de raccordement.Naturally, the instantaneous center of rotation is not necessarily fixed in each of the phases. Preferably, the instantaneous center of rotation is located at proximity of the second mobile contact member during the first phase. this allows to have minimal movement between the second movable contact member and the second connection contact member during this phase, since it seeks to preserve the contact between these two organs. Preferably, the instantaneous center of rotation is found near the first movable contact member during the second phase. This allows quick separation of the second movable contact member from the second member connection contact, and thus rapidly increase the disruptive voltage between the contact bridge and connecting contact members.

Selon un mode de réalisation le mouvement de séparation comporte une troisième phase succédant à la deuxième phase et dans laquelle le pont de contact pivote autour du centre instantané de rotation dans le deuxième sens de rotation, amenant le pont de contact en contact avec un organe de contact de mise à la terre ou de mise à la masse et amenant le premier organe de contact mobile en contact avec le premier organe de contact de raccordement. A l'issue de cette troisième phase, le premier organe de contact de raccordement est mis à la terre. Il n'y a pas nécessairement d'arrêt entre la deuxième phase et la troisième phase. C'est préférentiellement un mouvement continu qui assure la séparation du deuxième organe de contact mobile puis la mise à la terre du premier organe de contact de raccordement.According to one embodiment, the separation movement comprises a third phase following the second phase and in which the contact bridge pivots around the instantaneous center of rotation in the second direction of rotation, bringing the contact bridge in contact with a grounding or grounding contact member and bringing the first movable contact member in contact with the first contact member of connection. At the end of this third phase, the first contact body of connection is earthed. There is not necessarily a stop between the second phase and the third phase. It is preferably a continuous movement which ensures the separation of the second movable contact member then the earthing of the first member connection contact.

Selon un mode de réalisation le premier organe de contact de raccordement comporte un contact d'arc coopérant avec un contact d'arc du premier organe de contact mobile. Les contacts d'arc peuvent être du type à piston de soufflage et à tige, décrit dans le document US dont la description est intégrée ici sur ce point par référence. Il est à souligner que l'invention ne requiert qu'une paire de contact d'arc, contre deux pour les appareillages à pont de contact conventionnels.According to one embodiment, the first connection contact member comprises an arcing contact cooperating with an arcing contact of the first contact member mobile. The arcing contacts can be of the blow piston and rod type, described in the US document whose description is integrated here on this point by reference. He is at underline that the invention requires only one pair of arcing contacts, against two for the conventional contact bridge switchgear.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'un au moins des organes de contact de raccordement comporte une pince coopérant en position fermée avec un couteau de l'organe de contact mobile avec lequel il est en contact. L'intérêt de ce type de contacts est d'admettre un certain degré de mouvement entre la pince et le couteau avant la séparation, et d'admettre notamment un certain degré de pivotement entre le couteau et la pince. Par contre, l'énergie nécessaire à la séparation entre pince et couteau n'est pas négligeable, et l'invention offre sur ce point l'avantage décisif d'une cinématique dans laquelle les premiers et deuxièmes organes de contact ne se séparent pas simultanément.According to one embodiment, at least one of the contact members of connection includes a clamp cooperating in the closed position with a knife the mobile contact member with which it is in contact. The advantage of this type of contact is to allow a certain degree of movement between the forceps and the knife before separation, and to admit in particular a certain degree of pivoting between the knife and the pliers. Through however, the energy required for the separation between forceps and knife is not negligible, and the invention offers on this point the decisive advantage of a kinematics in which the first and second contact members do not separate simultaneously.

En priorité, l'invention concerne les appareillages pour haute tension, notamment les appareillages à coupure dans l'air ou dans un gaz à haute tenue diélectrique, mais également les appareillages à coupure dans l'huile. Par haute tension, on entend ici, selon le vocabulaire normatif international, toutes les tensions supérieures à 1000V, qui comprennent aussi bien le domaine des moyennes tensions que celui des très hautes tensions.As a priority, the invention relates to high voltage switchgear, in particular switchgear in the air or in a gas with high dielectric strength, but also oil switchgear. By high voltage is meant here, according to international normative vocabulary, all voltages above 1000V, which understand both the medium voltage and very high voltage domains tensions.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue de face d'un interrupteur-sectionneur à deux positions selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, en position fermée ;
  • la figure 2 représente l'interrupteur-sectionneur de la figure 1, dans une position transitoire avant coupure ;
  • la figure 3 représente l'interrupteur-sectionneur de la figure 1, dans une position transitoire de coupure ;
  • La figure 4 représente l'interrupteur-sectionneur de la figure 1, en position de sectionnement ;
  • la figure 5 représente un sectionneur de mise à la terre selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, position fermée ;
  • la figure 6 représente le sectionneur de la figure 4, en position intermédiaire fugitive d'ouverture,
  • la figure 7 représente le sectionneur de la figure 4, en position intermédiaire fugitive de sectionnement ;
  • la figure 8 représente le sectionneur de la figure 4, en position de mise à la terre.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting examples, and represented in the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents a front view of a switch-disconnector with two positions according to a first embodiment of the invention, in the closed position;
  • FIG. 2 represents the switch-disconnector of FIG. 1, in a transient position before breaking;
  • FIG. 3 represents the switch-disconnector of FIG. 1, in a transient cut-off position;
  • FIG. 4 represents the switch-disconnector of FIG. 1, in the sectioning position;
  • FIG. 5 represents an earthing switch according to a second embodiment, closed position;
  • FIG. 6 represents the disconnector of FIG. 4, in a fugitive intermediate opening position,
  • FIG. 7 represents the disconnector of FIG. 4, in a fugitive intermediate sectioning position;
  • Figure 8 shows the disconnector of Figure 4, in the earthing position.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

En référence aux figures 1 à 4, un interupteur-sectionneur moyenne tension aérien 10 selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention comporte un premier organe de contact de raccordement 12, un deuxième organe de contact de raccordement 14, et un pont de contact mobile 16, entraíné par un mécanisme d'entraínement 18.Referring to Figures 1 to 4, an overhead medium voltage switch-disconnector 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention comprises a first member for connection contact 12, a second connection contact member 14, and a bridge mobile contact 16, driven by a drive mechanism 18.

Le premier organe de contact de raccordement 12 est fixé à un isolateur 20 assurant son maintien par rapport à une tôle d'un châssis de support 22, et est raccordé à un conducteur aérien, en l'occurrence à une barre 24 d'un jeu de barres d'alimentation. Le premier organe de contact de raccordement 12 est composé d'une pince 26 et d'un contact d'arc formé par un piston 28 du type bien connu décrit par exemple dans le document US 4.263.487. Le deuxième organe de contact de raccordement 14 est une pince 29, visible en détail sur la figure 4, fixée à une extrémité d'une traversée 30 pénétrant dans la cuve d'un transformateur électrique moyenne tension à isolation dans l'huile, au travers de la tôle 22.The first connection contact member 12 is fixed to an insulator 20 ensuring its maintenance relative to a sheet of a support frame 22, and is connected to a overhead conductor, in this case to a bar 24 of a set of power bars. The first connection contact member 12 is composed of a clamp 26 and a contact arc formed by a piston 28 of the well known type described for example in the document US 4,263,487. The second connection contact member 14 is a clamp 29, visible in detail in Figure 4, attached to one end of a bushing 30 entering the tank of a medium voltage electric transformer with oil insulation, through the sheet 22.

Le pont de contact mobile 16 est constitué par une lame métallique rigide 32 formant un premier organe de contact mobile 34 du côté de l'une de ses extrémités, et un deuxième organe de contact mobile 36 du côté de son extrémité opposée. Le premier organe de contact mobile 34 est composé d'un couteau 38 et d'une tige pare-étincelles 40, visibles sur les figures 3 et 4. Le deuxième organe 36 est un simple couteau. Le corps 32 de la lame rigide assure la liaison électrique entre les deux organes de contact mobiles 34, 36 qui sont toujours à un même potentiel électrique.The movable contact bridge 16 is constituted by a rigid metal blade 32 forming a first movable contact member 34 on the side of one of its ends, and a second movable contact member 36 on the side of its opposite end. The first movable contact member 34 is composed of a knife 38 and a spark arrester rod 40, visible in Figures 3 and 4. The second member 36 is a simple knife. The body 32 of the rigid blade provides the electrical connection between the two movable contact members 34, 36 which are always at the same electrical potential.

Le mécanisme d'entraínement comporte un arbre moteur 42 entraíné en rotation par un mécanisme moteur non représenté et entraínant un arbre de transmission 44, dit encore arbre d'entraínement, par l'intermédiaire d'une manivelle menante 46 clavetée sur l'arbre moteur 42, d'une manivelle menée 48 clavetée sur l'arbre d'entraínement 44 et d'une bielle de transmission 49 articulée sur les deux manivelles 46, 48. L'arbre moteur 42 et l'arbre d'entraínement 44 sont disposés perpendiculairement au plan des figures et tourillonnent sur des paliers supportés par le châssis 22. L'arbre 44 porte une manivelle double 50. La manivelle 50 supporte un premier pivot 52 permettant l'articulation d'une première bielle intermédiaire 54, et un deuxième pivot 56 permettant l'articulation d'une deuxième bielle intermédiaire 58. La première bielle 54 est également articulée sur le pont de contact 16, autour d'un premier pivot 60 du pont 16, situé en un point intermédiaire entre les deux organes de contact mobiles 34, 36, à proximité du premier organe de contact mobile 34. La deuxième bielle est également articulée sur le pont de contact, autour d'un deuxième pivot 62 du pont 16, situé en un point intermédiaire entre le premier pivot 60 et le deuxième organe de contact mobile 36, à proximité de ce dernier. Le deuxième pivot 62 est guidé dans une glissière de guidage 64, visible particulièrement sur la figure 4, qui comporte une première rampe 66 inclinée dans une direction sensiblement orthoradiale par rapport à un axe imaginaire 68 qui serait parallèle à l'axe de rotation 70 de l'arbre d'entraínement 44 et passerait au voisinage immédiat de la deuxième pince 36, cette première rampe 66 se prolongeant par une deuxième rampe 72 sensiblement radiale par rapport à l'axe de rotation de l'arbre d'entraínement 44. Les axes géométriques de rotation des pivots 52, 56, 60, 62 sont tous parallèles à l'axe géométrique de rotation de l'arbre d'entraínement 44, de sorte que le mouvement du pont de contact 16 est plan, c'est-à-dire que tous ses points matériels se déplacent parallèlement à un même plan de référence, en l'occurrence le plan des figures, qui est perpendiculaire à l'axe géométrique de rotation de l'arbre 44. Le pont de contact 16 ayant un mouvement plan, on sait qu'on peut déterminer à chaque instant un centre instantané de rotation du pont de contact 16, qui est le point matériel unique lié au pont de contact 16 et ayant une vitesse nulle à l'instant considéré par rapport à un référentiel fixe. Il faut souligner que le centre instantané de rotation est susceptible d'être différent d'un instant à l'autre. On se référera également dans la suite à un axe instantané de rotation qui sera l'axe géométrique de rotation perpendiculaire au plan de référence du mouvement plan et passant à l'instant considéré par le centre de rotation.The drive mechanism comprises a motor shaft 42 rotated by a motor mechanism not shown and driving a transmission shaft 44, also said drive shaft, by means of a driving crank 46 keyed onto the shaft motor 42, a driven crank 48 keyed onto the drive shaft 44 and a connecting rod transmission 49 articulated on the two cranks 46, 48. The motor shaft 42 and the shaft 44 are arranged perpendicular to the plane of the figures and are journalled on bearings supported by the chassis 22. The shaft 44 carries a double crank 50. The crank 50 supports a first pivot 52 allowing the articulation of a first connecting rod intermediate 54, and a second pivot 56 allowing the articulation of a second connecting rod intermediate 58. The first connecting rod 54 is also articulated on the contact bridge 16, around a first pivot 60 of bridge 16, located at an intermediate point between the two movable contact members 34, 36, near the first movable contact member 34. The second connecting rod is also articulated on the contact bridge, around a second pivot 62 of deck 16, located at an intermediate point between the first pivot 60 and the second movable contact member 36, close to the latter. The second pivot 62 is guided in a guide slide 64, particularly visible in Figure 4, which has a first ramp 66 inclined in a substantially orthoradial direction relative to a imaginary axis 68 which would be parallel to the axis of rotation 70 of the drive shaft 44 and pass in the immediate vicinity of the second clamp 36, this first ramp 66 is extending by a second ramp 72 substantially radial relative to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft 44. The geometric axes of rotation of the pivots 52, 56, 60, 62 are all parallel to the geometric axis of rotation of the drive shaft 44, so that the movement of the contact bridge 16 is plane, i.e. all of its points materials move parallel to the same reference plane, in this case the plane of the figures, which is perpendicular to the geometric axis of rotation of the shaft 44. The bridge contact 16 having a plane movement, we know that we can determine at any time a instantaneous center of rotation of the contact bridge 16, which is the single material point linked to the contact bridge 16 and having a zero speed at the instant considered with respect to a fixed repository. It should be emphasized that the instantaneous center of rotation is likely to be different from one moment to the next. We will also refer in the following to an instantaneous axis of rotation which will be the geometric axis of rotation perpendicular to the reference plane of the planar movement and passing at the instant considered by the center of rotation.

Pour décrire le fonctionnement de l'appareillage, on se référera, dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de l'arbre d'entraínement, à deux angles géométriques, l'un dit angle de la première bielle et l'autre angle de la deuxième bielle. L'angle de la première bielle 54 est l'angle α1 ouvert entre une droite géométrique passant par les deux pivots 52, 60 de la première bielle 54 d'une part et une droite passant par le pivot 52 de la première bielle sur la manivelle et l'axe de rotation de l'arbre 44 d'autre part, angle dont le sommet est localisé sur le pivot 52 de rotation de la première bielle par rapport à la manivelle. De manière analogue, l'angle de la deuxième bielle est l'angle α2 ouvert entre une droite géométrique passant par les deux pivots 56, 62 de la deuxième bielle 58 d'une part et une droite passant par le pivot 56 de la deuxième bielle sur la manivelle 50 et l'axe de rotation de l'arbre 44 d'autre part, angle dont le sommet est localisé sur le pivot 56 de rotation de la deuxième bielle 58 par rapport à la manivelle 50.To describe the operation of the apparatus, we will refer, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft, to two geometric angles, one said angle of the first connecting rod and the other angle of the second connecting rod. The angle of the first connecting rod 54 is the angle α 1 open between a geometric straight line passing through the two pivots 52, 60 of the first connecting rod 54 on the one hand and a straight line passing through the pivot 52 of the first connecting rod on the crank and the axis of rotation of the shaft 44 on the other hand, angle whose apex is located on the pivot 52 of rotation of the first connecting rod relative to the crank. Similarly, the angle of the second connecting rod is the angle α 2 open between a geometric straight line passing through the two pivots 56, 62 of the second connecting rod 58 on the one hand and a straight line passing through the pivot 56 of the second connecting rod on the crank 50 and the axis of rotation of the shaft 44 on the other hand, angle whose apex is located on the pivot 56 of rotation of the second connecting rod 58 relative to the crank 50.

Dans la position fermée de la figure 1, les deux couteaux 36, 38 du pont de contact 16 sont insérés dans les pinces des organes de contact de raccordement, de sorte que le courant circule entre les barres et la traversée. La tige pare-étincelles 40 est insérée dans le piston 28. L'angle α1 de la première bielle 54 est proche d'un angle droit, alors que l'angle α2 de la deuxième bielle 58 est un angle aigu, inférieur à 30°. In the closed position of Figure 1, the two knives 36, 38 of the contact bridge 16 are inserted into the clamps of the connecting contact members, so that the current flows between the bars and the bushing. The spark arrester rod 40 is inserted into the piston 28. The angle α 1 of the first connecting rod 54 is close to a right angle, while the angle α 2 of the second connecting rod 58 is an acute angle, less than 30 °.

Lorsque le mécanisme moteur entraíne l'arbre d'entraínement 44 en rotation dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre sur les figures, la séparation des contacts se déroule en deux phases successives.When the motor mechanism drives the drive shaft 44 in rotation in the anticlockwise in the figures, the separation of the contacts takes place in two successive phases.

Dans une première phase dite de coupure, l'appareillage passe de la position fermée de la figure 1 à la position transitoire de coupure de la figure 3, en passant par la position transitoire avant coupure de la figure 2, en ouvrant progressivement l'angle α1 de la première bielle et l'angle α2 de la deuxième bielle. Durant toute cette première phase, l'angle α1 de la première bielle reste proche de 90°, de sorte que la rotation de la manivelle 50 se traduit par un déplacement important du pivot 60, alors que l'angle α2 de la deuxième bielle 58 reste faible, ce qui se traduit par un faible déplacement du pivot 62 le long de la première rampe 66 de la glissière 64. Par conséquent, durant cette première phase, le mouvement plan du pont de contact 16 se décompose en une rotation dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre sur les figures, autour d'un centre de rotation instantané situé à proximité de la deuxième pince 29 et du deuxième couteau 36, et un déplacement de l'axe de rotation instantané tel que celui-ci reste à proximité de la deuxième pince 29 et du deuxième couteau 36. Le deuxième couteau 36 reste donc inséré dans la deuxième pince 29. Plus spécifiquement, entre la position de la figure 1 et celle de la figure 2, le déplacement du pont 16 donne lieu à la séparation entre le premier couteau 38 et la première pince 26. Toutefois, le pare-étincelles 40 reste en inséré dans le piston 28 et entraíne ce dernier. Entre la position de la figure 2 et celle de la figure 3, le pare-étincelles 40 se sépare du piston 28 qui revient vers sa position de repos brusquement sous la sollicitation d'un ressort de rappel. La séparation des contacts d'arc 28, 40 donne naissance à un arc électrique qui est soufflé par le piston se rétractant. La durée du déplacement entre la position de la figure 2 et celle de la figure 3 est de préférence supérieure à une période du courant alternatif, soit 20ms, de sorte qu'on est assuré d'au moins deux passages par zéro du courant avant que l'appareillage n'atteigne la position de la figure 3. Lors du premier ou du deuxième passage à zéro, l'arc électrique s'éteint alors que la distance entre les premiers organes de contact 12, 34 croít rapidement et que les gaz résiduels de la coupure sont soufflés par le piston 28. Cet éloignement rapide assure une tenue diélectrique suffisante pour éviter tout reclaquage lorsque la tension transitoire de rétablissement augmente entre les premiers organes de contact. Le courant est définitivement interrompu. In a first so-called cut-off phase, the apparatus passes from the closed position of FIG. 1 to the transient cut-off position of FIG. 3, passing through the transient position before cut-off in FIG. 2, gradually opening the angle α 1 of the first connecting rod and the angle α 2 of the second connecting rod. During this entire first phase, the angle α 1 of the first connecting rod remains close to 90 °, so that the rotation of the crank 50 results in a significant displacement of the pivot 60, while the angle α 2 of the second connecting rod 58 remains weak, which results in a slight displacement of the pivot 62 along the first ramp 66 of the slide 64. Consequently, during this first phase, the planar movement of the contact bridge 16 breaks down into a rotation in anticlockwise in the figures, around an instantaneous center of rotation located near the second clamp 29 and the second knife 36, and a displacement of the instantaneous axis of rotation such as this remains close to the second clamp 29 and the second knife 36. The second knife 36 therefore remains inserted in the second clamp 29. More specifically, between the position of FIG. 1 and that of FIG. 2, the displacement of the bridge 16 gives place at the separation between the first knife 38 and the first clamp 26. However, the spark arrester 40 remains inserted in the piston 28 and drives the latter. Between the position of FIG. 2 and that of FIG. 3, the spark arrester 40 separates from the piston 28 which returns suddenly to its rest position under the stress of a return spring. The separation of the arcing contacts 28, 40 gives rise to an electric arc which is blown by the retracting piston. The duration of the displacement between the position of FIG. 2 and that of FIG. 3 is preferably greater than one period of the alternating current, ie 20 ms, so that one is assured of at least two zero crossings of the current before the apparatus does not reach the position of FIG. 3. During the first or the second zero crossing, the electric arc is extinguished while the distance between the first contact members 12, 34 increases rapidly and the residual gases of the cut-off are blown by the piston 28. This rapid distance ensures sufficient dielectric strength to avoid any reclacing when the transient recovery voltage increases between the first contact members. The current is definitively interrupted.

Il n'y a pas d'arrêt dans la position transitoire représentée sur la figure 3. Au contraire, l'arbre 44 poursuit sa rotation vers la position de sectionnement représentée sur la figure 4, mouvement qui constitue la deuxième phase, dite de sectionnement. L'angle α1 de la première bielle 54 continue de croítre jusqu'à avoisiner 180° dans la position de la figure 4, alors que l'angle α2 de la deuxième bielle 58 atteint puis dépasse 90°, suite au glissement du deuxième pivot 62 dans la deuxième rampe 72 de la glissière 64. Dans cette deuxième phase, le mouvement du deuxième pivot 62 du pont est donc prépondérant par rapport au mouvement du premier pivot 60 du pont et le pont de contact 16 effectue un mouvement composé comportant une rotation dans le sens horaire autour d'un centre de rotation instantané situé à proximité du premier pivot. La position de double sectionnement est atteinte lorsque le pont de contact 16 se trouve parallèle à sa position fermée, sensiblement à égale distance des deux organes de contact de raccordement 12, 14, à une distance suffisante pour assurer le sectionnement entre le pont de contact 16 - qui se trouve à un potentiel flottant - et chacun des deux organes de contact de raccordement 12, 14.There is no stopping in the transient position shown in FIG. 3. On the contrary, the shaft 44 continues its rotation towards the sectioning position shown in FIG. 4, movement which constitutes the second phase, known as sectioning. . The angle α 1 of the first connecting rod 54 continues to increase until it is around 180 ° in the position of FIG. 4, while the angle α 2 of the second connecting rod 58 reaches then exceeds 90 °, following the sliding of the second pivot 62 in the second ramp 72 of the slide 64. In this second phase, the movement of the second pivot 62 of the bridge is therefore preponderant compared to the movement of the first pivot 60 of the bridge and the contact bridge 16 performs a compound movement comprising a clockwise rotation around an instantaneous center of rotation located near the first pivot. The double sectioning position is reached when the contact bridge 16 is parallel to its closed position, substantially equidistant from the two connecting contact members 12, 14, at a sufficient distance to ensure cutting between the contact bridge 16 - which is at a floating potential - and each of the two connection contact members 12, 14.

La fermeture se déroule avec un séquencement inverse, provoqué par la rotation de l'arbre d'entraínement 44 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre. Le deuxième couteau 36 s'embroche dans la deuxième pince 29, puis le premier couteau 38 et le pare étincelle 40 respectivement dans la première pince 26 et dans le piston 28.The closing takes place with a reverse sequence, caused by the rotation of the drive shaft 44 clockwise. The second knife 36 plugs into the second clamp 29, then the first knife 38 and the spark arrester 40 respectively in the first clamp 26 and in the piston 28.

Selon une variante non représentée, il est possible de prévoir une pince de contact de mise à la terre ou de mise à la masse du pont de contact 16, dans laquelle vient s'insérer le pont de contact 16 à l'approche de sa position de double sectionnement, de manière à fixer le potentiel du pont de contact 16.According to a variant not shown, it is possible to provide a contact clamp earthing or earthing of the contact bridge 16, into which is inserted the contact bridge 16 when approaching its double cutting position, so as to fix the potential of the contact bridge 16.

Dans ce dispositif, la glissière 64 permet de diminuer le nombre de degrés de liberté de la transmission constitué par le mécanisme d'entraínement 18, de manière à imposer au pont de contact 16 un mouvement complexe comportant dans la première phase une rotation dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre et dans la deuxième phase une rotation dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre.In this device, the slide 64 makes it possible to reduce the number of degrees of freedom of the transmission constituted by the drive mechanism 18, so as to impose on the contact bridge 16 a complex movement comprising in the first phase a counterclockwise rotation and in the second phase a clockwise rotation.

Un deuxième mode de réalisation est représenté sur les figures 4 à 7. L'appareil électrique considéré est un sectionneur de mise à la terre 100, comportant une première pince de raccordement 102, une deuxième pince de raccordement 104, une pince de mise à la terre 106, et un pont de contact 110 entraíné par un mécanisme d'entraínement 112 monté sur un châssis de support 113. Le pont de contact 110 a une forme de lame et constitue un premier contact mobile en couteau 114 à l'une de ses extrémités et un deuxième contact mobile en double couteau 116 à l'extrémité opposée. Les pinces 104, 106 sont fixe par rapport au châssis 113.A second embodiment is shown in Figures 4 to 7. The apparatus electrical considered is an earthing switch 100, comprising a first connection clamp 102, a second connection clamp 104, a clamp earth 106, and a contact bridge 110 driven by a drive mechanism 112 mounted on a support frame 113. The contact bridge 110 has a blade shape and constitutes a first movable contact in knife 114 at one of its ends and a second movable double knife contact 116 at the opposite end. The pliers 104, 106 are fixed relative to the chassis 113.

Le mécanisme d'entraínement 112 comporte un arbre d'entraínement 118 entraíné par un mécanisme moteur non représenté. L'arbre 118 est disposé perpendiculairement au plan des figures et tourillonne autour d'un axe de rotation 122, guidé par des paliers supportés par rapport au châssis 113. L'arbre porte une manivelle double 124. La manivelle supporte un premier pivot 126 permettant l'articulation d'une première bielle intermédiaire 128, et un deuxième pivot 130 permettant l'articulation d'une deuxième bielle intermédiaire 132. La première bielle 128 est également articulée sur le pont de contact 110, autour d'un premier pivot 134 du pont de contact, situé à proximité du premier contact mobile 114. La deuxième bielle 132 est également articulée sur le pont de contact 110, à proximité du deuxième organe de contact mobile 116, autour d'un deuxième pivot 136 du pont. Une bielle de guidage 140 est articulée entre le deuxième pivot 136 du pont et un pivot 142 de rotation autour d'un axe géométrique fixe par rapport au châssis 113, disposé à proximité immédiate la première pince de contact 102. Les axes géométriques de rotation des pivots 126, 130, 134, 136, 142 sont tous parallèles à l'axe géométrique de rotation 122 de l'arbre d'entraínement 118, de sorte que le mouvement du pont de contact 110 est plan, c'est-à-dire parallèle au plan des figures. On sait donc qu'il est possible de définir mathématiquement à chaque instant un centre instantané de rotation, point matériel lié au pont de contact qui, à l'instant considéré, reste immobile dans un référentiel fixe.The drive mechanism 112 includes a drive shaft 118 driven by a motor mechanism not shown. The shaft 118 is arranged perpendicular to the plane of the figures and pivots around an axis of rotation 122, guided by bearings supported with respect to the chassis 113. The shaft carries a double crank 124. The crank supports a first pivot 126 allowing the articulation of a first connecting rod intermediate 128, and a second pivot 130 allowing the articulation of a second intermediate rod 132. The first rod 128 is also articulated on the bridge of contact 110, around a first pivot 134 of the contact bridge, located near the first movable contact 114. The second connecting rod 132 is also articulated on the contact bridge 110, near the second movable contact member 116, around a second pivot 136 from the bridge. A guide rod 140 is articulated between the second pivot 136 of the bridge and a pivot 142 for rotation about a geometric axis fixed relative to the chassis 113, placed in immediate proximity the first contact clamp 102. The geometric axes of rotation of pivots 126, 130, 134, 136, 142 are all parallel to the geometric axis of rotation 122 of the drive shaft 118, so that the movement of the contact bridge 110 is plane, that is to say parallel to the plane of the figures. We therefore know that it is possible to mathematically define at each instant an instantaneous center of rotation, material point linked to the contact bridge which, at the instant considered, remains stationary in a fixed frame of reference.

Le mouvement du mécanisme se décompose en trois phases successives, sans arrêt dans les positions intermédiaires représentées sur les figures 6, 7 qui ne sont que transitoires.The movement of the mechanism is broken down into three successive phases, without stopping in the intermediate positions shown in Figures 6, 7 which are only transient.

La première phase est une phase d'ouverture, qui permet de passer la position fermée de la figure 5 à la position transitoire ouverte de la figure 6. Durant cette phase, la manivelle 124 pivote dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre et entraíne les deux bielles intermédiaires 128, 132. Le deuxième pivot 136, qui est contraint par la bielle de guidage 140 à suivre une trajectoire circulaire autour de l'axe géométrique fixe du pivot 142, ne se déplace que très peu, de sorte que le pont de contact 110 effectue un mouvement de rotation autour du centre instantané de rotation qui, durant la première phase, reste situé au niveau de la deuxième pince 104 et du deuxième couteau 116, permettant la séparation entre la première pince 102 et le premier couteau 114 tout en imposant le maintien du deuxième couteau 116 dans la deuxième pince 104. Dans cette phase, la limitation de mouvement imposée par la bielle de guidage 140 au deuxième pivot 136 du pont de contact est proche de celle imposée par la première rampe 66 de la glissière 70 du premier mode de réalisation de l'invention.The first phase is an opening phase, which allows to pass the position closed in Figure 5 to the open transient position in Figure 6. During this phase, the crank 124 pivots counterclockwise and drives both intermediate connecting rods 128, 132. The second pivot 136, which is constrained by the connecting rod guide 140 to follow a circular path around the fixed geometric axis of the pivot 142, moves very little, so that the contact bridge 110 performs a movement of rotation around the instantaneous center of rotation which, during the first phase, remains located at the second clamp 104 and the second knife 116, allowing separation between the first clamp 102 and the first knife 114 while requiring the maintenance of the second knife 116 in the second clamp 104. In this phase, the limitation of movement imposed by the guide rod 140 on the second pivot 136 of the contact bridge is close to that imposed by the first ramp 66 of the slide 70 of the first mode of realization of the invention.

La deuxième phase est une phase de double sectionnement, dans laquelle la limitation de mouvement imposée par la bielle de guidage 140 au deuxième pivot 136 du pont de contact s'apparente à celle imposée par la deuxième rampe 72 de la glissière 64 du premier mode de réalisation de l'invention. Le pont de contact 110 subit un mouvement composé comportant une rotation dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre autour d'un centre instantané de rotation situé à proximité du premier pivot du pont. En fin de phase de sectionnement, le pont 110 se retrouve dans une position parallèle à sa position fermée, approximativement à égale distance des deux pinces de raccordement 102, 104, à une distance permettant d'assurer un double sectionnement, c'est-à-dire un sectionnement vis-à-vis de chacune des pinces de raccordement 102, 104.The second phase is a double sectioning phase, in which the movement limitation imposed by the guide rod 140 on the second pivot 136 of the contact bridge is similar to that imposed by the second ramp 72 of the slide 64 of the first embodiment of the invention. Contact bridge 110 undergoes movement compound comprising a clockwise rotation around a instantaneous center of rotation located near the first pivot of the bridge. At the end of the sectioning, the bridge 110 finds itself in a position parallel to its closed position, approximately equal distance from the two connection clamps 102, 104, at a distance to ensure double sectioning, i.e. sectioning opposite of each of the connection clamps 102, 104.

La troisième phase du mouvement est la phase de mise à la terre proprement dite, dans laquelle le pont 110 poursuit sa rotation dans le sens horaire jusqu'à ce que le premier contact mobile 114 pénètre de nouveau dans la première pince 102 alors que le deuxième contact mobile 116 pénètre dans la pince de mise à la terre 106, provoquant la mise à la terre ou à la masse du conducteur lié à la première pince de raccordement 102. Dans cette phase, le centre instantané de rotation se situe plus ou moins entre le premier et le deuxième pivots 134, 136 du pont de contact. La position du pont sur la figure 8 est approximativement située entre 60 et 90° de sa position fermée.The third phase of the movement is the actual grounding phase, in which the bridge 110 continues to rotate clockwise until the first movable contact 114 again enters the first clamp 102 while the second movable contact 116 enters the earthing clamp 106, causing the earthing earth or to the earth of the conductor linked to the first connection clamp 102. In this phase, the instantaneous center of rotation is more or less between the first and the second pivots 134, 136 of the contact bridge. The position of the bridge in figure 8 is approximately between 60 and 90 ° from its closed position.

La fermeture se déroule suivant une séquence inverse, provoquée par la rotation de l'arbre d'entraínement 118 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre et faisant passer de la position de la figure 8, à la position de la figure 7, puis à celle de la figure 6 jusqu'à la position de la figure 5.The closing takes place in a reverse sequence, caused by the rotation of the drive shaft 118 in a clockwise direction and passing from the position of Figure 8, to the position of Figure 7, then to that of Figure 6 to the position of figure 5.

Naturellement, diverses modifications sont possibles.Naturally, various modifications are possible.

Concernant le premier mode de réalisation, la glissière peut être remplacée par une bielle de guidage tel que décrit dans le second mode de réalisation. Concernant le deuxième mode de réalisation, la bielle peut être remplacée par une glissière qui comporterait deux rampes identiques à celle du premier mode de réalisation, et une troisième rampe correspondant à la trajectoire prise par le deuxième pivot dans la troisième phase du mouvement selon le deuxième mode de réalisation.Regarding the first embodiment, the slide can be replaced by a guide rod as described in the second embodiment. Regarding second embodiment, the connecting rod can be replaced by a slide which would have two ramps identical to that of the first embodiment, and one third ramp corresponding to the path taken by the second pivot in the third phase of the movement according to the second embodiment.

Les contacts à pinces peuvent être remplacés par tout autre type de contact permettant un mouvement de pivotement entre le deuxième organe de contact mobile et le deuxième organe de contact de raccordement.Clamp contacts can be replaced by any other type of contact allowing a pivoting movement between the second movable contact member and the second connection contact member.

Il serait naturellement possible de prévoir une paire de contacts d'arc au niveau des premiers organes de contact selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, en prenant la précaution de disposer ces contacts d'arc de manière à ne pas entraver la troisième phase du mouvement du pont.It would naturally be possible to provide a pair of arcing contacts at the level of the first contact members according to the second embodiment of the invention, in taking care to arrange these arcing contacts so as not to impede the third phase of the bridge movement.

Les bielles du mécanisme peuvent avantageusement être doublées de manière à assurer un meilleur guidage. On aura tout particulièrement intérêt à doubler la deuxième bielle 58, pour à assurer un meilleur guidage du deuxième pivot du pont de contact. En pratique, on disposera deux bielles identiques et parallèles, de part et d'autre du pont de contact.The connecting rods of the mechanism can advantageously be doubled so as to provide better guidance. We will be particularly interested in doubling the second connecting rod 58, to ensure better guidance of the second pivot of the contact bridge. In practical, we will have two identical and parallel connecting rods, on either side of the bridge contact.

Claims (10)

Appareillage électrique de coupure (10, 100) haute tension comportant un châssis (22, 113) ; un premier organe de contact de raccordement (12, 102) ; un deuxième organe de contact de raccordement (14, 104) ; un pont de contact (16, 110) comportant un premier organe de contact mobile (34, 114) et un deuxième organe de contact mobile (36, 116) reliés électriquement l'un à l'autre le pont de contact (16, 110) étant mobile entre une position de fermeture d'une part, dans laquelle le premier organe de contact mobile (34, 114) est en contact avec le premier organe de contact de raccordement (12, 102) et le deuxième organe de contact mobile (36, 116) est en contact avec le deuxième organe de contact de raccordement (14, 104), et une position de double sectionnement d'autre part, dans laquelle le pont de contact (16, 110) est approximativement à égale distance des premier (12, 102) et deuxième (14, 104) organes de contact de raccordement ; un mécanisme d'entraínement (18, 112) pour entraíner le pont de contact (16, 110) dans un mouvement plan de séparation par rapport au châssis de la position de fermeture à la position de double sectionnement, et dans un mouvement fermeture inverse au mouvement d'ouverture de la position de double sectionnement à la position de fermeture, le mouvement du pont de contact (16, 110) permettant de définir à chaque instant un centre instantané de rotation lié au pont de contact (16, 110) et ayant une vitesse nulle à l'instant considéré ; le mécanisme d'entraínement étant tel que le mouvement plan de séparation comporte deux phases successives, avec une première phase dans laquelle le pont de contact (16, 110) pivote autour du centre instantané de rotation dans un premier sens de rotation, assurant la séparation entre premier organe de contact mobile (34, 114) et le premier organe de contact de raccordement (12, 102), puis une deuxième phase dans laquelle le pont de contact (16, 110) pivote autour du centre instantané de rotation dans un deuxième sens de rotation, opposé au premier sens de rotation, assurant la séparation entre le deuxième organe de contact mobile (36, 116) et le deuxième organe de contact de raccordement (14, 104); caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme d'entraínement est tel que le mouvement plan de fermeture se déroule suivant une séquence inverse avec une première phase de fermeture dans laquelle le pont de contact (16, 110) pivote autour du centre instantané de rotation dans le premier sens de rotation, assurant le contact entre le deuxième organe de contact mobile (36, 116) et le deuxième organe de contact de raccordement (14, 104) suivi d'une deuxième phase de fermeture dans laquelle le pont de contact (16, 110) pivote autour du centre instantané de rotation dans le deuxième sens de rotation, assurant le contact entre le premier organe de contact mobile (34, 114) et le premier organe de contact de raccordement (12, 102).High voltage electrical switchgear (10, 100) comprising a frame (22, 113); a first connection contact member (12, 102); a second connection contact member (14, 104); a contact bridge (16, 110) comprising a first movable contact member (34, 114) and a second movable contact member (36, 116) electrically connected to each other the contact bridge (16, 110 ) being movable between a closed position on the one hand, in which the first movable contact member (34, 114) is in contact with the first connection contact member (12, 102) and the second movable contact member ( 36, 116) is in contact with the second connecting contact member (14, 104), and a double cutting position on the other hand, in which the contact bridge (16, 110) is approximately equidistant from the first (12, 102) and second (14, 104) connection contact members; a drive mechanism (18, 112) for driving the contact bridge (16, 110) in a planar movement of separation with respect to the chassis from the closed position to the double sectioning position, and in a reverse closure movement to the opening movement from the double sectioning position to the closing position, the movement of the contact bridge (16, 110) making it possible to define at any instant an instantaneous center of rotation linked to the contact bridge (16, 110) and having a zero speed at the instant considered; the drive mechanism being such that the planar separation movement comprises two successive phases, with a first phase in which the contact bridge (16, 110) pivots around the instantaneous center of rotation in a first direction of rotation, ensuring separation between the first mobile contact member (34, 114) and the first connection contact member (12, 102), then a second phase in which the contact bridge (16, 110) pivots around the instantaneous center of rotation in a second direction of rotation, opposite to the first direction of rotation, ensuring the separation between the second movable contact member (36, 116) and the second connection contact member (14, 104); characterized in that the drive mechanism is such that the planar closing movement takes place in a reverse sequence with a first closing phase in which the contact bridge (16, 110) pivots around the instantaneous center of rotation in the first direction of rotation, ensuring contact between the second movable contact member (36, 116) and the second connection contact member (14, 104) followed by a second closing phase in which the contact bridge (16, 110 ) pivots around the instantaneous center of rotation in the second direction of rotation, ensuring contact between the first movable contact member (34, 114) and the first connection contact member (12, 102). Appareillage électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme d'entraínement (18, 112) comporte: au moins une manivelle (50, 124) pivotant autour d'un axe géométrique (70, 122) fixe par rapport au châssis, au moins une première bielle (54, 128) reliant la manivelle à un premier pivot (60, 134) du pont de contact, ledit premier pivot étant situé entre le premier organe de contact mobile (34, 114) et le deuxième organe de contact mobile (36, 116); au moins une deuxième bielle (58, 132) reliant la manivelle à un deuxième pivot (62, 136) du pont de contact, ledit deuxième pivot étant situé entre le premier pivot (60, 134) et le deuxième organe de contact mobile (36, 116); un dispositif de guidage (64, 140) du pont de contact. Electrical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanism (18, 112) comprises: at least one crank (50, 124) pivoting about a geometric axis (70, 122) fixed relative to the chassis, at least a first connecting rod (54, 128) connecting the crank to a first pivot (60, 134) of the contact bridge, said first pivot being located between the first movable contact member (34, 114) and the second contact member mobile (36, 116); at least a second connecting rod (58, 132) connecting the crank to a second pivot (62, 136) of the contact bridge, said second pivot being located between the first pivot (60, 134) and the second movable contact member (36 , 116); a guide device (64, 140) of the contact bridge. Appareillage électrique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de guidage comporte une bielle de guidage (140) articulée sur le deuxième pivot (136) et sur un pivot (142) solidaire du châssis. Electrical equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that the guide device comprises a guide rod (140) articulated on the second pivot (136) and on a pivot (142) integral with the chassis. Appareillage électrique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de guidage comporte une glissière de guidage (64) solidaire du châssis et dans laquelle coulisse le deuxième pivot (62).Electrical equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that the guide device comprises a guide slide (64) integral with the chassis and in which the second pivot (62) slides. Appareillage électrique selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la glissière (64) comporte une première rampe (66) sensiblement orthoradiale par rapport à un axe imaginaire parallèle à l'axe de rotation (70) de la manivelle et passant à proximité du deuxième organe de contact de raccordement (14), et une deuxième rampe (72) sensiblement radiale par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la manivelle (70).Electrical apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the slide (64) comprises a first ramp (66) substantially orthoradial with respect to an imaginary axis parallel to the axis of rotation (70) of the crank and passing close to the second connection contact member (14), and a second ramp (72) substantially radial relative to the axis of rotation of the crank (70). Appareillage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que durant la première phase, le centre instantané de rotation se trouve à proximité du deuxième organe de contact mobile (36, 116).Electrical apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that during the first phase, the instantaneous center of rotation is located near the second movable contact member (36, 116). Appareillage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que durant la deuxième phase, le centre instantané de rotation se trouve à proximité du premier organe de contact mobile (34, 114).Electrical apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that during the second phase, the instantaneous center of rotation is located near the first movable contact member (34, 114). Appareillage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le mouvement de séparation comporte une troisième phase succédant à la deuxième phase et dans laquelle le pont de contact (110) pivote autour du centre instantané de rotation dans le deuxième sens de rotation, amenant le pont de contact (110) en contact avec un organe de contact de mise à la terre ou de mise à la masse (106) et amenant le premier organe de contact mobile (114) en contact avec le premier organe de contact de raccordement (102).Electrical apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the separation movement comprises a third phase succeeding the second phase and in which the contact bridge (110) pivots around the instantaneous center of rotation in the second direction of rotation, bringing the contact bridge (110) into contact with a grounding or earthing contact member (106) and bringing the first movable contact member (114) into contact with the first member connection contact (102). Appareillage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le premier organe de contact de raccordement comporte un contact d'arc (28) coopérant avec un contact d'arc (40) du premier organe de contact mobile.Electrical equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first connection contact member comprises an arcing contact (28) cooperating with an arcing contact (40) of the first movable contact member. Appareillage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'un au moins des organes de contact de raccordement (12, 14, 102, 104) comporte une pince coopérant en position fermée avec un couteau (38, 36, 114, 116) de l'organe de contact mobile avec lequel il est en contact.Electrical equipment according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one of the connection contact members (12, 14, 102, 104) comprises a clamp cooperating in the closed position with a knife (38, 36, 114, 116) of the movable contact member with which it is in contact.
EP20020354070 2001-06-11 2002-04-26 Electrical interrupting device with mouvable contact bridge Expired - Fee Related EP1267374B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0107564 2001-06-11
FR0107564 2001-06-11

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CN (1) CN1249755C (en)
DE (1) DE60238096D1 (en)
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CN108493033A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-09-04 许昌亿源电气有限公司 A kind of outdoor high-voltage isolating switch

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DE102018222848A1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-06-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Earthing switch for a medium and / or high voltage circuit device and corresponding circuit device
CN112176895B (en) * 2020-10-19 2021-11-23 江苏盛达福交通工程有限公司 Road traffic marking projection arrangement

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DE1465937A1 (en) * 1964-08-26 1969-05-29 Licentia Gmbh Disconnector or switch disconnector for high voltage
DE1690506A1 (en) * 1967-09-09 1971-06-03 Wickmann Werke Ag High-voltage switch-disconnector
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FR2511807A1 (en) * 1981-08-20 1983-02-25 Alsthom Atlantique Multipole circuit breaker fitted directly bus bar distribution system - uses four sets of contacts, each fitting directly onto bus bar, with the unit housed in clip fixed enclosure

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108493033A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-09-04 许昌亿源电气有限公司 A kind of outdoor high-voltage isolating switch

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CN1391246A (en) 2003-01-15
NO20022763D0 (en) 2002-06-10
CN1249755C (en) 2006-04-05
NO322270B1 (en) 2006-09-04
EP1267374B1 (en) 2010-10-27
DE60238096D1 (en) 2010-12-09
NO20022763L (en) 2002-12-12

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