EP1264141B1 - Method and device for repairing or renewing a lining of a furnace - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for repairing or renewing a lining of a combustion chamber of a combustion furnace or boiler, in particular a waste incineration plant, with unterseitigem grid and a side hopper, which is connected to the bottom of a feed mouth to the furnace, knocked off at the caking on the furnace walls and / / or damaged areas of the lining are broken off, and the exposed surfaces of the lining are sandblasted and provided with a new lining. It further relates to a combustion chamber of a combustion furnace or boiler with a device for repairing or renewing the lining.

The US-A 4,649,858 relates to a repair device for an industrial furnace using a plasma spray gun. The plasma flame of the gun scans the damaged parts of the industrial furnace to be repaired. The spray gun follows the unevenness of the furnace wall to optimize the repair result.

The US-A 4,301,998 shows a remote controlled repair device for the refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel at elevated temperatures.

The JP-A-60205117 shows a device for cleaning and repairing the wall of a boiler. For this purpose, a robot is lowered along steel cables on the boiler wall, whereupon the robot absorbs adhering dust on the boiler wall.

The US-A 5,381,811 shows a combustion furnace, in which a cleaning device is introduced. The cleaning device has a beam assembly which can be pivotally attached to the furnace.

Boilers of waste incineration plants are often designed as Vertikalzugkessel, the firebox vertically reaches a height of about 10m to 15m. The lower part of the firebox, which faces the fire, is lined with a refractory ceramic mass. Here, a distinction is made between at least two types of linings, namely so-called ramming masses and shaped bricks.

Such linings are subject to wear and are usually repaired once a year. In addition, by sticking fly ash particles caking on the firebox walls can occur, which can affect the operation of the boiler. In the case of revisions, such caking is first rejected. Then a scaffolding is set up in the furnace. Subsequently, the defective surfaces of the lining are broken off manually or with pneumatic hammers. After this work the exposed surfaces of the lining and the boiler are sandblasted. Finally, the pipe walls of the boiler are examined, broken pins intended to hold the lining are cut off and new pins are welded on. Then the lining is repaired or renewed and dismantled the scaffolding. Such a repair of a firebox is very expensive.

Based on the aforementioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus and a method that allow a cost-effective repair of a furnace.

The problem underlying the invention is solved by the features specified in the independent claims. The subject matter of the invention is advantageously further developed by the respective features of the dependent claims.

With the invention, at least knocking off the Anbakkungen and / or canceling the damaged areas of the lining is performed by a furnace treatment device, which is operated from outside the incinerator or boiler. The fact that while an operator from outside the incinerator or boiler works, must not wait until the combustion chamber of the incinerator or boiler has cooled down after switching off in the inspection work. The revision work is faster, more comfortable and health-friendly. The downtime of the system is therefore low. After a revision, the system can be restarted comparatively quickly or put into operation.

The downtime of the plant is particularly low when the furnace manager is already provided during a combustion operation of the incinerator or boiler and immediately after completion of the combustion operation of the incinerator or boiler through the lateral hopper of the incinerator or boiler introduced and fixed in the feed mouth. After such attachment to the incinerator or boiler can be a Ausfahrbahrer or foldable, space movable part of the furnace treatment device in the furnace to be treated Be positioned the firebox walls. The introduction into the hopper, the fastening in the area of the feed mouth and the positioning of the space movable part by remote control takes place from outside the incinerator or boiler by the operator.

Reliable auditing operation is enabled by on-site monitoring of the repair or renewal process by a video camera.

The chipped and broken off parts of the caking and lining areas can be removed by the already existing bottom grate of the incinerator or boiler, so that the debris does not have to be transported separately.

• ein Befestigungsteil für eine Feststellung des Feuerraum-Behandlungsgeräts im Bereich eines Beschickungsmauls (6) des Feuerraums,
• einen ausfahrbaren oder ausklappbaren, raumbeweglichen Teil zum Positionieren zumindest eines Werkzeuges an zu behandelnden Stellen einer Auskleidung des Feuerraums, und
• eine Werkzeug-Aufnahme am freien, nicht befestigten Ende des raumbeweglichen Teils des Feuerraum-Behandlungs-geräts für eine lösbare Befestigung zumindest eines Werkzeuges, insbesondere eines Preßlufthammers, einer Sandstrahlpistole, einer Schleifeinrichtung und/oder einer Schweißeinrichtung.

To carry out the above-mentioned revision method, use is preferably made of a combustion chamber treatment apparatus which has the following features:

• a fastening part for a determination of the combustion chamber treatment device in the region of a feed mouth (6) of the combustion chamber,
• an extendable or foldable, space movable part for positioning at least one tool to be treated points of a lining of the furnace, and
• a tool holder at the free, non-fixed end of the space movable part of the furnace treatment device for releasably securing at least one tool, in particular a pneumatic hammer, a sand blasting gun, a grinding device and / or a welding device.

The fastening part preferably has hydraulic locking means, which in an extended state determine the combustion chamber treatment device in the region of the feed mouth of the combustion chamber, in particular jamming and / or locking in a form-locking manner.

The fastening part can also have an extendable arm, which can be extended in a determined attachment part in the furnace. The boom and / or the fastening part can also be anchored in secondary air nozzles in the area of the firebox. This results in a particularly good stability of the device according to the invention.

The space movable part of the furnace treatment device comprises spatially movable arm, an arm at least zweigelenkigen, in particular a telescopic arm which can be pivoted and extendable in length. The arm can also be rotatable, pivotable and telescopic in the region of the fastening part fastened in the loading jaw in a pivotal connection with the end of the jib parallel to the vertical axis of the combustion chamber. The swivel joint can be realized by a stable slewing ring.

The turning, pivoting and possibly the telescoping takes place in the combustion chamber by controlled power drive. In particular, the telescopic arm and the boom are hydraulically actuated.

In the area of the tool holder at the free, non-fixed end of the space movable part of the furnace treatment device may also be a holder for a video camera and a headlight.

The aforementioned furnace treatment device is provided in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention with a transport control unit for an operator, which is parked outside in the area of the incinerator or boiler in a repair or renewal operation of the firebox.

The operating unit has expediently an auxiliary device, preferably a boom, by the or the the rest of the furnace treatment device can be lowered through the hopper of a incinerator or boiler into the area of the feed mouth, preferably onto a feed table.

The control unit also includes an electrical connection for an external electrical supply line and preferably hydraulic and pneumatic supply units, mechanical, electrical and electronic control devices, monitoring equipment and an operator's cab, supply and control lines are preferably laid in a hose package, possibly up to the tool holder.

For optionally necessary or expedient cooling of at least part of the furnace treatment device, a compressed air line is laid from the operating unit to the tool holder.

An aforementioned arrangement of a furnace treatment apparatus with an operation unit together with a boiler is used in particular in a waste incineration plant for a repair or renewal operation of the combustion chamber of the boiler, wherein the control unit in the area outside the boiler and the remainder of the furnace treatment device disposed within the boiler is and wherein supply lines and control lines between the control unit and tool holder are laid and wherein the control unit is connected to an external electrical supply line.

By means of the inventive firebox treatment apparatus, for example in the form of a firebox gripping arm together with an external operating unit, virtually all of the maintenance work mentioned at the beginning can be largely automated. The firebox gripper arm is introduced through a hopper of the hopper and fixed on the feed table or feed table of the fuel. After extending a Horizontal arm in the middle of the firebox erected with the appropriate tool vertical part of the gripper arm is erected. This can be removed caking and broken off broken surfaces and sandblasted. By means of a basket for passenger transport, the pipe walls of the boiler can be examined, further repairs carried out and a new lining applied.

The firebox gripping arm and the operating unit are connected to one another when not in use and in particular for transport from the place of use to the place of use. During transport, the firebox gripping arm can also be located in a compact transport position in which moving individual parts are retracted and pivoted in.

The firebox gripping arm and the operating unit can be transported in application to a waste incineration plant by a garbage crane to the garbage bins and electrically connected there. Then, the firebox gripping arm is separated from the operating unit and drained by the auxiliary device in the form of a mounted boom of the operating unit through the feed slot on the loading table or on the feed tray. There, the firebox gripper arm is aligned and fixed. Then the gripper arm is extended and equipped with the tools.

The furnace gripping arm is divided in a preferred embodiment in geometrically considered two parts, namely in a horizontal part, which is designed as a fastening part with extendable horizontal arm, and in a vertical part; which is designed as a space movable part.

The horizontal part is designed as a steel construction, which is preferably equipped with hydraulic cylinders, so that the firebox gripper arm on the "loading" of the incinerator or boiler can be fixed against occurring loads. Furthermore, the horizontal part includes a boom on which the vertical part is mounted and which can be extended to about the middle of the firebox.

The vertical part is a preferably hydraulically actuated at least zweigelenkiger arm, which can also be extended in length, so that it can be accessed at all points of the firebox. At the extreme end of the arm at least a tool holder and a holder for a video camera and a headlight is mounted so that the operation can be realized from outside the boiler. A compressed air line is also integrated to provide any needed cooling air and compressed air working energy. For fixing and for connection to the horizontal part of a turntable is provided.

The control unit may also include an operator's cab, from which the firebox gripper arm can be remotely controlled. The control unit also accommodates supply units such as a hydraulic tank, a hydraulic pump and control devices such as hydraulic proportional valves. The FeuerraumGreifarms supplied by a hose package. In the operator's cab is a screen on which the images of the video camera can be transferred.

• Die Zeiten für den Auf- und Abbau des Gerüsts fallen weg. Statt dessen stehen nur die Rüstzeiten des Greifarmes an. Diese Rüstzeiten sind aber fast vernachlässigbar, denn der Transport der gesamten Maschine neben den Füllschacht kann schon erfolgen, wenn der Kessel noch in Betrieb ist.
• Durch die Arbeit mit einer Maschine kann die Reparaturarbeit bereits begonnen werden, wenn im Feuerraum Bedingungen vorherrschen, unter denen menschliches Arbeiten unmöglich ist. Dies betrifft insbesondere Hitze- und Staubbelastungen, denn der Feuerraum-Greifarm kann von außerhalb des Kessels betrieben und gesteuert werden. Dies betrifft besonders die Abbruch- und die Sandstrahlarbeiten.
• Beim Abbrechen von Anbackungen ist die Verletzungsgefahr von Personen ausgeschlossen, weil sich diese nicht mehr im Feuerraum befinden.
• Die abgebrochenen Massen können mit dem Rost der Feuerstätte abtransportiert werden, da sich auf dem Rost keine Gerüststütze befindet, die dessen Förderbewegungen behindern könnten.
• Die Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit kann wesentlich erhöht werden, denn eine Maschine bringt größere Kräfte auf als ein Mensch. Dies betrifft besonders Abbrucharbeiten.
• Eventuell können die Abbruch- und Sandstrahlarbeiten im 3-Schichtbetrieb ausgeführt werden, denn die Bedienung einer Maschine in einer geschlossenen Fahrerkabine ist auch nachts zumutbar, wohingegen die Arbeiten am Preßlufthammer oder an der Sandstrahlpistole nachts kaum zumutbar erscheinen.

The firebox gripping arm according to the invention thus has the following advantages in the application:

• The times for setting up and dismantling the scaffold are gone. Instead, only the set-up times of the gripper arm are available. These set-up times are almost negligible, because the transport of the entire machine next to the hopper can already be done when the boiler is still in operation.
• By working with a machine, the repair work can already be started when conditions prevail in the furnace, under which human work is impossible. This applies in particular to heat and dust loads, because the firebox gripper arm can be operated and controlled from outside the boiler. This concerns especially demolition and sandblasting work.
• When breaking off caking, the risk of injury to persons is excluded because they are no longer in the furnace.
• The broken masses can be removed with the grate of the fireplace, because there is no scaffold support on the grate, which could hinder its conveying movements.
• The working speed can be significantly increased, because a machine is more powerful than a human. This particularly affects demolition work.
• Possibly the demolition and sandblasting work can be carried out in 3-shift operation, because the operation of a machine in a closed cab is also reasonable at night, whereas the work on the jackhammer or on the sand blasting gun hardly seem reasonable at night.

A time comparison between a revision with the inventive Feuerraum gripping arm and conventional Revisisonsarbeiten at a boiler of a waste incineration plant provides the result shown in the table below. so far invention Cooling time until the first possible entry into the firebox 10h 0h Vaporizing caking 1h 0.5h Structure scaffolding or set-up time of the device according to the invention 10h 1h Demolition ceramic lining 20h 10h Sandblasting 8h 8h Grinding and welding work 8h 8h Apply new lining 10h 10h Dismantling scaffolding or dismantling device 10h 1h total hours 77h 38,5h

In this list is not taken into account that can be worked with the firebox gripper arm at night. This can again lead to a shortening of the total duration of a revision.

Figur 1

zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Kessel einer Müllverbrennungsanlage mit eingesetztem Feuerraum-Greifarm und

Figur 2

zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Kessel einer weiteren Müllverbrennungsanlage mit eingesetztem Feuerraum-Greifarm.

The invention is illustrated in more detail in the drawing with reference to two embodiments.

FIG. 1

shows a vertical section through a boiler of a waste incineration plant with inserted firebox gripping arm and

FIG. 2

shows a vertical section through a boiler of another waste incineration plant with inserted Feuerraum-gripping arm.

According to FIG. 1, a boiler 3 of a waste incineration plant composed of a combustion furnace and a heat exchanger (not shown here) comprises a combustion chamber 2 with an inner shell-side lining 1 and a lower-side grate 4 and a lateral filling shaft 5, the lower side is connected via a loading table 15 and a feed mouth 6 with the furnace 2.

In inspection work caking on the furnace walls are usually cut off and broken points of the lining 1 broken off by a jackhammer, and sandblasted the exposed surfaces of the liner 1 and provided with a new lining.

At least the knocking off of the caking and breaking off the damaged areas of the lining 1 is carried out by a combustion chamber treatment device 7, which is operated from outside the boiler 3 by an operator. The furnace manager 7 may also be used as a mobile support for a platform from which workers are working on the interior of the furnace.

The combustion chamber treatment device 7 is provided during a firing operation of the boiler 3 and immediately after the end of the firing operation of the boiler through the side hopper 5 of the boiler partially introduced by means of an auxiliary device and in the region of the feed mouth 6, in particular on a feed table 15, attached. After mounting in the boiler, a Ausfahrbahrer and ausklappbarer, space movable part 9 of the furnace treatment device 7 is positioned in the combustion chamber 2 to be treated areas of the furnace walls and in particular at defective locations of the liner 1. Both the space-movable part 9 and the fastening part 8 can be additionally supported in the interior of the boiler 3 by supports, not shown here, in secondary air nozzles 16.

The introduction of the furnace treatment device 7 in the hopper 5, the fixing in the area of the feed mouth 6 and the positioning of the space movable part 9 is carried out by remote control from outside the boiler 3 by an operator, not shown here. The repair or renewal process the furnace treatment device 7 is monitored on site by a video camera, not shown here. The severed and broken off parts of the caking and lining areas are removed by the already existing bottom grate 4 of the boiler 3.

The combustion chamber treatment device 7 for repair or renewal of the lining 1 comprises in addition to the fastening part 8 for a determination of the furnace treatment device in the region of the feed mouth 6 of the furnace 2, and the extendable and foldable, space movable part 9 for positioning at least one tool to be treated , In particular defective locations of a lining of the furnace also a tool holder 10 at the free, not fixed end of the space movable part of the furnace treatment device for releasably securing at least one tool, in particular a pneumatic hammer.

The fastening part 8 is a steel construction with hydraulic locking means 11 in the form of vertically extendable cylinders which, in an extended state, determine the combustion chamber treatment device 7 in the region of the feed mouth 6 of the combustion chamber 2, in particular jamming and / or even locking in a form-locking manner. In the locked state, the steel structure extends horizontally such that a horizontal boom 12 can be extended to the center 13 of the furnace 2.

The space-movable part 9 according to Figure 1 comprises a hydraulically actuated, double-telescopic vertical part, which is connected at the free end of the boom 12 via a hydraulically actuated turntable with the boom 12. The space-movable part 9 is rotatable there by 360 ° about the central vertical axis 14 of the combustion chamber 2. At the upper end of the double-telescopic vertical part is a hydraulic pivot joint with articulation of a pivot arm, which is at least 90 ° from the vertical to the horizontal can be swiveled. The arrangement is made in terms of the length of the pivot arm and in terms of the maximum telescopic length so that substantially each shell-side lining point can be achieved with the tip of the aforementioned pivot arm. A pneumatic hammer attached to the tip of the pivoting arm in the tool holder 10 can therefore be positioned and operated at desired locations of the lining 1 of the combustion chamber. It is understood that the pneumatic hammer is connected via a compressed air line not shown here with the control unit outside the boiler 3 and is supplied with compressed air. Together with the compressed air line, further cables are laid in a package: electrical cables for a headlight and a video camera, control lines for the hydraulic control for cylinder and slewing ring, as well as an additional compressed air line with shell-side openings at different distances for cooling in order to prevent overheating of individual parts of the combustion chamber. Treatment device 7 inside the boiler 3 reliably exclude.

Outside and in the region of the hopper 5 is here a non-illustrated portable control unit for an operator. The operating unit has an auxiliary device in the form of a jib, through which further parts of the combustion chamber treatment device can be lowered through the feed chute 5 into the area of the feed mouth 6 and in particular onto the feed table 15. The operating unit comprises an electrical connection for an external electrical supply line, hydraulic and pneumatic supply units, mechanical, electrical and electronic control devices, monitoring devices and an operator cabin.

The illustrated in Figure 2 embodiment substantially corresponds to the embodiment of Figure 1. However, the space movable part 9 of the furnace control unit 7 has no telescopic vertical arm, but three together articulated pivot arms whose foremost free end holds the tool holder 10 and whose lower end is connected to the turntable of the boom 12 of the horizontal part or the fastening part 8. In this embodiment as well, a tool arranged in the tool holder 10 can be positioned at any desired point of the lining 1 of the combustion chamber 2. It is understood that the individual lengths of the pivot arms are designed so that even the top firebox height can be achieved. The length of a swivel arm can be between half to almost the entire diameter of the combustion chamber 2.

Claims (16)

1. Method for repairing or renewing a lining (1) of a combustion chamber (2) of an incinerator or boiler (3) of a waste incineration plant, wherein the combustion chamber (2) is provided with a charging chute (5) connected to the combustion chamber by a feed inlet (6), said method comprising the following steps:

   - provision of a combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) capable of being operated from outside the incinerator or boiler (3) in the region of the incinerator or boiler (3), wherein the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) comprises at least one tool, in particular a pneumatic hammer, a sand blasting device and/or a grinding attachment,

   - knocking off of caked material on the walls of the combustion chamber and/or breaking off of damaged parts of the lining (1) using the tool of the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7).

   - The combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) is introduced through the charging chute (5) of the incinerator or boiler and secured in the region of the feed inlet (6).
2. Method according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) is operated by an operator,
   wherein the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) is further provided with a grate (4) and a lateral charging chute (5) connected on the underside to the combustion chamber by a feed inlet (6), the exposed surfaces of the lining and being sand blasted and provided with a new lining,
   and in that the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) is prepared during a combustion operation of the incinerator or boiler (5) and is, at the end of the operation of the incinerator or boiler, immediately inserted partially through the lateral charging chute (5) of the incinerator or boiler by means of an auxiliary device and secured in the region of the feed inlet (6), wherein, following the securing of the apparatus within the incinerator or boiler, an extendable and/or folding, three-dimensionally movable part (9) of the combustion chamber treatment apparatus is positioned within the combustion chamber (2) at the positions of the chamber walls to be treated, in particular at damaged parts of the lining (1), the introduction into the charging chute (5), the securing in the region of the feed inlet (6) and the positioning of the three-dimensionally movable part (9) being remotely controlled by the operator outside the incinerator or boiler (3).
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterised in that
   the repair or renewal operation of the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) is observed by a video camera.
4. Method according to any of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that
   the knocked- or broken-off caked material and lining parts are removed through the existing bottom grate (4) of the incinerator or boiler (3).
5. Combustion chamber (2) of an incinerator or boiler (3) of a waste incineration plant, with a charging chute (5) connected to the combustion chamber (2) via a feed inlet (6), and with a combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) secured in the region of the feed inlet (6), the combustion chamber treatment apparatus having the following features:

   - a mounting part (8) with locking regions for mounting in the region of a feed inlet (6), which is provided with hydraulic locking means (11) in the form of cylinders designed to lock, in particular clamp and/or positively lock, the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) in the region of the feed inlet (6) of the combustion chamber (2) in the extended position,

   - a three-dimensionally movable part (9).
6. Combustion chamber according to claim 5,
   wherein a pneumatic hammer is provided as a tool.
7. Combustion chamber according to claim 5 or 6,
   wherein a sand blasting device is provided as a tool.
8. Combustion chamber according to any of claims 5 to 7,
   wherein a grinding attachment is provided as a tool.
9. Combustion chamber (2) according to any of claims 5 to 8,
   wherein the mounting part (8) comprises an extendable side arm (12), which can be extended horizontally approximately to the centre (13) of the combustion chamber in the locked position of the mounting part.
10. Combustion chamber (2) according to any of claims 5 to 9,
    wherein the three-dimensionally movable part (9) includes an at least two-jointed arm, in particular a telescopic arm, which is pivotable and in particular extendable and, in a secured position of the mounting part (8), preferably rotatable and pivotable approximately about the central vertical axis (14) of the combustion chamber (2) in a three-jointed connection with the end of the side arm (12) located in the centre of the combustion chamber and preferably telescoping..
11. Combustion chamber (2) according to claim 10,
    wherein the arm, in particular the telescopic arm, and the side arm (2) are operated hydraulically.
12. Combustion chamber according to any of claims 5 to 11,
    wherein a bracket for a video camera and a floodlight is provided in the region of a tool mounting (10) at a free, non-secured end of the three-dimensionally movable part (9) of the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7).
13. Combustion chamber (2) according to any of claims 5 to 12,
    wherein a portable control unit of the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) is provided for an operator, which during a repair or renewal operation of the combustion chamber (2) is positioned stationary outside the combustion chamber (2) in the region of the incinerator or boiler (3).
14. Combustion chamber (2) according to claim 13,
    wherein the control unit of the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) includes an auxiliary device by means of which the rest of the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) can be lowered through the charging chute (5) into the region of the feed inlet (6), preferably onto a feed table (15).
15. Combustion chamber (2) according to claim 13 or 14,
    wherein the control unit of the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7) comprises an electric connection for an external electric supply line and preferably hydraulic and pneumatic supply equipment, mechanical, electric and electronic control and monitoring devices and an operator's cab, the supply and control lines being preferably routed in a tube assembly up to the tool mounting (10).
16. Combustion chamber (2) according to claim 15,
    wherein a pneumatic line is routed from the control unit to the tool mounting (10) for cooling at least parts of the combustion chamber treatment apparatus (7).

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