EP1263080A1 - Antenne à fente pour avion - Google Patents
Antenne à fente pour avion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1263080A1 EP1263080A1 EP02291271A EP02291271A EP1263080A1 EP 1263080 A1 EP1263080 A1 EP 1263080A1 EP 02291271 A EP02291271 A EP 02291271A EP 02291271 A EP02291271 A EP 02291271A EP 1263080 A1 EP1263080 A1 EP 1263080A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- exciter
- cavity
- support
- airplane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/286—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft
- H01Q1/287—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft integrated in a wing or a stabiliser
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna transmission / reception of radiofrequency waves constituted a removable exciter element, integrated in a fixed or mobile structure, for example an airplane, making radiate all or part of the structural element in which it is integrated into, and an airplane using such antenna.
- the antenna of the invention integrated into the structure of an aircraft. But it could also be integrated into any other vehicle type.
- a dipole type antenna which is used in particular for radio frequency reception on board an aircraft, requires a ground plan of large area and a length antenna sufficient in view of the radio frequencies considered.
- the antennas are protected: the radiating part is sheltered by a radome made, among other things, of a material transparent to electromagnetic waves.
- a such protection must be profiled so that disrupt performance as little as possible aerodynamic.
- the decoupling values electromagnetic between the different antennas which must comply with the requirements of the standards (ARINC in particular), result in constraints physical distance between the working antennas in the same frequency bands.
- adding antenna can therefore be very problematic.
- a US patent, US 6,047,925 describes thus a narrow band UHF antenna integrated in the train hatch of an airplane. By its principle installation, it is necessary after each disassembly of the antenna, to redo the tuning of this last. Such intervention, if it is to be made during a stopover of an airplane operated by a airline, is very penalizing (additional cost, immobilization of the aircraft, very specialized tools, etc.).
- This antenna is a wide band slot antenna, the dimensions of which are relatively large. So she must be part of a structural element of the plane of dimensions adapted (drift, etc.), without being able to be dissociated from this one. The removal or replacement of such antenna requires disassembly, and possibly the replacement of the structural element considered. In plus the difficulties of installing such antenna, the maintenance costs are high and the aircraft downtime is important.
- the subject of the present invention is a antenna composed of an excitation element which can be easily integrated into a structural element constituting the radiating part of the antenna, without disrupt the aerodynamic performance of the assembly, said excitation element being able to be removed from this structural element without requiring the replacement of the latter.
- This structural element can in particular be a part of a construction (for example of a building) or a vehicle (e.g. a plane).
- the exciter element and the cover are made of fiber glass.
- the material which fills the excitation element is a resin or a cast thermoplastic material.
- the stub is made of copper covered with a layer on the surface silver.
- the cover is fixed on the exciter element to the using non-magnetic screws.
- the exciting element has a form capable of being fixed in a cut made in an element of the structure of a construction or of a vehicle, for example an airplane.
- the present invention also relates to a airplane with at least one end element wing has a notch-shaped cavity in which is arranged an excitation element such as previously described.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the antenna of the invention.
- Figure 2 illustrates an exploded view of a exemplary embodiment of the antenna of the invention.
- FIGS 3 and 4 illustrate the location of the structure of the plane where can be advantageously integrated the antenna of the invention.
- Figure 5 illustrates a response curve of the TOS as a function of the frequency of the antenna the invention.
- This exciter element 10 can be fixed, as equipment, in a cut made in the structure of a construction or a vehicle, for example example an airplane, the dimensions of this notch determining the bandwidth of the antenna. All composed of the exciter element integrated in the element structure thus forms a band slot antenna narrow. The exciter element is housed in the part "slot" of this slot antenna.
- the antenna radiation is provided by the structural element 8 which accommodates the element exciter 10.
- This structural element must be made of a sufficiently conductive material to frequencies used, for example aluminum, and sufficient dimensions (at least a quarter of the wavelength in the polarization direction of electromagnetic wave).
- the standing wave rate (TOS) is less than 2 on the frequency band in which antenna is used.
- the dimensions of the antenna depend on the desired frequency band: when the frequency is reduced frequency (for example in HF) the dimensions increase and the frequency limits depend on the possibilities integration into the structure. When we increase the frequency (for example in UHF) the dimensions decrease. You cannot, however, climb too high frequency due to technological constraints of realization of the cavity.
- the minimum frequencies that can be transmitted are imposed by the structural element 8 in which we wish to integrate said element exciter 10.
- This structural element must have at least a part whose length, depending on the direction of polarization desired, is greater or equal to a quarter of the wavelength corresponding to this minimum frequency.
- the minimum dimension, depending on the direction of polarization, is equal to a quarter of the length wave, again c / 4.f, where c is the speed of the light (3.10 ⁇ 8 m / s) and f the frequency in Hertz. If the desired polarization is vertical, this dimension minimum is the height H shown in Figure 1.
- the maximum frequencies that can be transmitted by such an antenna are estimated to around 5 GHz in the industrial field. it corresponds to a slot of 17 mm in length and 3 mm in height. Such a frequency limitation comes from the difficulty of industrial production of a cavity of dimensions smaller than these. Such a antenna therefore covers the UHF band.
- the invention can then be applied to HF, VHF, and UHF bands.
- the exciting element of the invention is integrated in a cavity 20 in one of the elements ends 21 of the wings 22 of an airplane 23 ("wing tip fence “on” winglet “, or end fins of wing).
- such cavity 20 can be located in the trailing edge of a such element.
- the coaxial power cable of the stub is connected inside these elements, by through a connector, to a coaxial cable connected to the transmitter / receiver.
- This coaxial cable runs along the wing of the plane, inside it.
- the antenna radiation is provided by the corresponding end element.
- This location of the antenna allows respect radio decoupling with other radio communication and navigation antennas using the same frequency band because said elements are located in the extreme part of the wings, at a sufficient distance from said other antennas. Moreover, such an establishment makes it possible to obtain a diagram of radiation up and down satisfactory because, at the end of the wings, the structure of the plane does not does not interfere with the upward and outward propagation of waves the bottom.
- the antenna made by integrating the exciter element 10 in the cavity 20 formed in one of the end elements 21 wings 22 of an airplane 23 has a TOS (Rate of Standing Waves) less than or equal to 2 on the civilian VHF band (108-137 MHz) in which it is used with vertical polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave.
- TOS Rate of Standing Waves
- the antenna of the invention has been described in the particular case of its integration in an airplane. But she can, everything as well be integrated on any type of vehicle (boat, automobile, etc.) with an element of structure of adequate dimensions compared to wavelengths considered, both to ensure the radiating element function only to be able to make a notch of adequate size in order to insert the exciter, and the material of which is sufficiently conductive at frequencies of antenna operation.
- Such an antenna has all the more of interest that the vehicle must have performance high aerodynamics.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
- un élément de structure (8) conducteur dans la bande de fréquences de fonctionnement de l'antenne, de dimension au moins égale au quart de la longueur d'onde selon la direction de polarisation de l'onde électromagnétique pour la fréquence minimale de cette bande de fréquences, et comportant une découpe formant cavité (9),
- un élément excitateur amovible (10) disposé dans cette cavité, qui agit en tant qu'excitateur de cette cavité (9),
- une métallisation électriquement conductrice aux fréquences de fonctionnement de l'antenne assurant une métallisation entre ledit élément excitateur (10) et ledit élément de structure (8).
Description
- un élément de structure conducteur dans la bande de fréquences de fonctionnement de l'antenne, de dimension au moins égale au quart de la longueur d'onde selon la direction de polarisation de l'onde électromagnétique pour la fréquence minimale de cette bande de fréquences, et comportant une découpe formant cavité,
- un élément excitateur amovible disposé dans cette cavité, qui agit en tant qu'excitateur de cette cavité,
- une liaison électriquement conductrice aux fréquences de fonctionnement de l'antenne, assurant une métallisation entre ledit élément excitateur et ledit élément de structure.
- un élément en matériau transparent aux ondes radiofréquences, rempli d'un matériau également transparent aux ondes radiofréquences,
- une lamelle conductrice formant un stub, permettant de réaliser l'accord et l'adaptation de l'antenne sur la bande de fréquences de fonctionnement,
- un capot en matériau transparent aux ondes radiofréquences, abritant l'élément excitateur et assurant la continuité du profil de l'élément de structure,
- une ligne d'alimentation du stub.
- elle ne modifie pas les propriétés aérodynamiques de l'avion puisqu'elle est intégrée dans un élément de structure de celui-ci,
- sa mise en place ainsi que sa maintenance (démontage, échange standard, etc.) sont aisées : aucune opération de réglage ou d'accord ne sont nécessaires après le montage de celle-ci,
- les coûts de maintenance sont donc diminués,
- elle peut être proposée en tant qu'équipement optionnel dans un avion : en effet, elle peut ne pas faire partie de la structure de celui-ci, mais être fixée sur celle-ci. Un simple capot de protection peut ainsi protéger l'entaille pratiquée dans la structure de l'avion à l'emplacement permettant de recevoir l'élément excitateur,
- elle peut être intégrée dans un élément de structure suffisamment éloigné des autres antennes utilisant la même bande de fréquences ; ce qui permet de respecter les valeurs de découplage électromagnétique imposées entre antennes.
- un élément de structure 8 conducteur dans la bande de fréquences de fonctionnement de l'antenne, de dimension au moins égale au quart de la longueur d'onde selon la direction de polarisation de l'onde électromagnétique pour la fréquence minimale de cette bande de fréquences, et comportant une découpe formant cavité 9,
- un élément excitateur amovible 10 disposé dans cette cavité, qui agit en tant qu'excitateur de cette cavité,
- une liaison électriquement conductrice aux fréquences de fonctionnement de l'antenne, assurant une métallisation entre ledit élément excitateur 10 et ledit élément de structure 8.
- un élément 11 en un matériau diélectrique transparent aux ondes radiofréquences, par exemple en fibre de verre, rempli d'un matériau également transparent aux ondes radiofréquences, par exemple en résine ou en un matériau thermoplastique coulé,
- une lamelle conductrice formant un stub 12, par exemple en cuivre recouvert en surface d'une couche argentée afin d'améliorer la conduction (dans le domaine de fréquences considérées, la conduction se fait presque exclusivement en surface : "effet de peau") disposée dans cet élément 11, permettant de réaliser l'accord et l'adaptation de l'antenne sur la bande de fréquences utilisée,
- un capot 13 en un matériau transparent aux radiofréquences, par exemple en fibre de verre, fixé, par exemple vissé au moyen de vis amagnétiques, sur le pourtour de la cavité, ces vis assurant aussi la métallisation entre l'élément excitateur et l'élément de structure, par exemple en permettant le contact électrique entre cet élément de structure 8 conducteur et un clinquant de cuivre raccordé à la tresse de masse du câble coaxial 14 alimentant le stub 12
- une ligne 14 d'alimentation du stub, par exemple un câble coaxial, muni d'un connecteur standard de raccordement, permettant de relier l'antenne à un câble coaxial connecté à un émetteur/récepteur.
- longueur L = 170 mm,
- hauteur H = 83 mm.
Claims (9)
- Antenne d'émission/réception d'ondes radiofréquences caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend :un élément de structure (8) conducteur dans la bande de fréquences de fonctionnement de l'antenne, de dimension au moins égale au quart de la longueur d'onde selon la direction de polarisation de l'onde électromagnétique pour la fréquence minimale de cette bande de fréquences, et comportant une découpe formant cavité (9),un élément excitateur amovible (10) disposé dans cette cavité, qui agit en tant qu'excitateur de cette cavité (9),une métallisation électriquement conductrice aux fréquences de fonctionnement de l'antenne assurant une métallisation entre ledit élément excitateur (10) et ledit élément de structure (8),
et en ce que l'élément excitateur (10) comprend :un élément (11) en matériau transparent aux ondes radiofréquences, rempli d'un matériau également transparent aux ondes radiofréquences,une lamelle conductrice (12) formant un stub permettant de réaliser l'accord et l'adaptation de l'antenne sur la bande de fréquences de fonctionnement,un capot (13) en matériau transparent aux radiofréquences abritant l'élément excitateur (10) et assurant la continuité du profil de l'élément de structure (8),une ligne (14) d'alimentation du stub. - Antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'élément excitateur (10) et le capot (13) sont en fibre de verre.
- Antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le matériau qui remplit l'élément excitateur (10) est une résine ou un matériau thermoplastique coulé.
- Antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le stub est en cuivre recouvert en surface d'une couche argentée.
- Antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le capot (13) est fixé sur l'élément excitateur (10) au moyen de vis amagnétiques.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans laquelle l'élément excitateur (10), a une forme apte à être fixée dans une entaille pratiquée dans un élément de la structure d'une construction ou d'un véhicule.
- Antenne selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ledit véhicule est un avion.
- Avion caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un de ses éléments de structure est muni d'une cavité dans laquelle est disposé un élément excitateur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
- Avion caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un de ses éléments (21) d'extrémité d'aile est muni d'une cavité dans laquelle est disposé un élément excitateur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0106903A FR2825191B1 (fr) | 2001-05-25 | 2001-05-25 | Antenne d'emission/reception d'ondes radiofrequences et avion utilisant une telle antenne |
FR0106903 | 2001-05-25 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1263080A1 true EP1263080A1 (fr) | 2002-12-04 |
EP1263080B1 EP1263080B1 (fr) | 2009-09-02 |
EP1263080B8 EP1263080B8 (fr) | 2009-11-04 |
Family
ID=8863661
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02291271A Expired - Lifetime EP1263080B8 (fr) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-23 | Antenne à fente pour avion |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6653980B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1263080B8 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE441949T1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR0201918A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2387206C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60233544D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2825191B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6954182B2 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2005-10-11 | The Insitu Group, Inc. | Conductive structures including aircraft antennae and associated methods of formation |
US7182297B2 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2007-02-27 | The Insitu Group, Inc. | Method and apparatus for supporting aircraft components, including actuators |
DE10335216B4 (de) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-07-14 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Im Bereich einer Außenfläche eines Fluggeräts angeordnete phasengesteuerte Antenne |
US7339537B2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2008-03-04 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Capacitive drive antenna and an air vehicle so equipped |
US7624951B1 (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2009-12-01 | Hawker Beechcraft Corporation | Aircraft with antennas mounted on the tops and bottoms of aerodynamic-surface extensions |
US7737898B2 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2010-06-15 | L-3 Communications Integrated Systems, L.P. | Very high frequency line of sight winglet antenna |
FR2915643B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-26 | 2009-07-10 | Bouygues Telecom Sa | Systeme repeteur a antenne transparente integree dans une vitre |
US8395557B2 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2013-03-12 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Broadband antenna having electrically isolated first and second antennas |
US7861969B2 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2011-01-04 | The Boeing Company | Shaped composite stringers and methods of making |
US7605757B1 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2009-10-20 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Multiple signal receiver |
US7879276B2 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2011-02-01 | The Boeing Company | Foam stiffened hollow composite stringer |
US8026857B2 (en) * | 2008-01-17 | 2011-09-27 | The Boeing Company | Wireless data communication and power transmission using aircraft structures having properties of an electromagnetic cavity |
US7889142B1 (en) | 2008-08-27 | 2011-02-15 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Aerodynamic wingtip device with integral ground plane |
US8540921B2 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2013-09-24 | The Boeing Company | Method of forming a reinforced foam-filled composite stringer |
US8235327B2 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2012-08-07 | Insitu, Inc. | Adjustable servomechanism assemblies and associated systems and methods |
US8500066B2 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2013-08-06 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for wireless aircraft communications and power system using fuselage stringers |
US8570152B2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2013-10-29 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for wireless sensing with power harvesting of a wireless signal |
US8617687B2 (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2013-12-31 | The Boeing Company | Multi-functional aircraft structures |
US8354968B1 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2013-01-15 | Paulsen Lee M | Boxed feed for improved high frequency (HF) shunt antenna performance |
US9705185B2 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2017-07-11 | Raytheon Company | Integrated antenna and antenna component |
US9994298B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2018-06-12 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | System for embedded removable aperture |
FI126944B (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-08-15 | Stealthcase Oy | Apparatus and method for receiving and radiating electromagnetic signals |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB643557A (en) * | 1948-06-30 | 1950-09-20 | Mini Of Supply | Improvements in or relating to aerial systems |
GB803723A (en) * | 1956-11-09 | 1958-10-29 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Improvements in or relating to aircraft antenna |
US3534370A (en) * | 1968-08-09 | 1970-10-13 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Ferrite-loaded notch antenna |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2505751A (en) * | 1946-09-27 | 1950-05-02 | John T Bolljahn | Broad band antenna |
US3943520A (en) * | 1975-03-07 | 1976-03-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Nose cone capacitively tuned wedge antenna |
US5187489A (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1993-02-16 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Asymmetrically flared notch radiator |
US6047925A (en) * | 1993-07-01 | 2000-04-11 | The Boeing Company | Nose gear door integral composite glide slope antenna |
US5461392A (en) * | 1994-04-25 | 1995-10-24 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Transverse probe antenna element embedded in a flared notch array |
US5748152A (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 1998-05-05 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Broad band parallel plate antenna |
US5825332A (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1998-10-20 | Trw Inc. | Multifunction structurally integrated VHF-UHF aircraft antenna system |
US6094171A (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-07-25 | Trw Inc. | External pod with an integrated antenna system that excites aircraft structure, and a related method for its use |
-
2001
- 2001-05-25 FR FR0106903A patent/FR2825191B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-05-22 BR BR0201918-3A patent/BR0201918A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-22 CA CA2387206A patent/CA2387206C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-23 AT AT02291271T patent/ATE441949T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-23 EP EP02291271A patent/EP1263080B8/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-23 DE DE60233544T patent/DE60233544D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-24 US US10/155,778 patent/US6653980B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB643557A (en) * | 1948-06-30 | 1950-09-20 | Mini Of Supply | Improvements in or relating to aerial systems |
GB803723A (en) * | 1956-11-09 | 1958-10-29 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Improvements in or relating to aircraft antenna |
US3534370A (en) * | 1968-08-09 | 1970-10-13 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Ferrite-loaded notch antenna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE441949T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
CA2387206A1 (fr) | 2002-11-25 |
DE60233544D1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
FR2825191A1 (fr) | 2002-11-29 |
US20020186170A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
US6653980B2 (en) | 2003-11-25 |
FR2825191B1 (fr) | 2004-04-16 |
CA2387206C (fr) | 2012-02-28 |
EP1263080B1 (fr) | 2009-09-02 |
EP1263080B8 (fr) | 2009-11-04 |
BR0201918A (pt) | 2003-04-22 |
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