EP1260000A1 - Derivateur de surtension encapsule dote d'au moins un eclateur - Google Patents

Derivateur de surtension encapsule dote d'au moins un eclateur

Info

Publication number
EP1260000A1
EP1260000A1 EP01967242A EP01967242A EP1260000A1 EP 1260000 A1 EP1260000 A1 EP 1260000A1 EP 01967242 A EP01967242 A EP 01967242A EP 01967242 A EP01967242 A EP 01967242A EP 1260000 A1 EP1260000 A1 EP 1260000A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
arc
surge arrester
section
encapsulated surge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01967242A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Zahlmann
Arnd Ehrhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10060426A external-priority patent/DE10060426B4/de
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1260000A1 publication Critical patent/EP1260000A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
    • H01T1/04—Means for extinguishing arc using magnetic blow-out

Definitions

  • H 3 PJ li N 3 rt 3 J ⁇ CO tr ⁇ 3 tr? ⁇ co ⁇ H- ⁇ tr tr M ⁇ - ⁇ - H ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ iQ ⁇ ⁇ Q CO Hi CO KQ CL ⁇ d DJ P> H 1
  • KQ DJ H, 3 3 3 3 3 3 ⁇ - o P) d DJ ⁇ co ⁇ - s: ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Q ⁇ DJ 3 3 dd PJ: 3 DJ ⁇ O CL ⁇ - ⁇ DJ 3 d> ⁇ ⁇ - tr tr 3 HJ ⁇ Q ⁇ tr N ⁇ co 3 • 3 3 s: 3 CO EP ⁇ >> &.
  • H li ⁇ ⁇ d li fr O fi co s; ⁇ co ⁇ Cd 3 O: 3 CL ⁇ d ⁇ INI H co d ti 3 tr d rt tr 3 tr co ⁇ tr ⁇ rt PJ: rt Ü iQ o 3 co 3 N co ⁇ - s: ⁇ ⁇ CQ ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ - 3 N ⁇ CL ⁇ TJ 3 rt ⁇ - tr ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3 rt> d tr 3 ⁇ - fr tr Hi li ⁇ ⁇
  • the object of the invention is achieved by an encapsulated surge arrester in the embodiments according to the teaching according to claim 1, 2 or 3, the subclaims comprising at least expedient refinements and developments.
  • the basic idea of the invention is accordingly that the follow current arc is constricted by pinches in a preferably rotationally symmetrical, encapsulated arc chamber with subdivisions according to the deion principle, and is forced to continuous rotation.
  • the deion principle immediately guarantees a value of the arc voltage in the range of the mains voltage when the follow-up current arises, which cannot be undercut.
  • the minimum level of the arc voltage ULB can thus be determined from the number of electrode drop voltages U ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the value is essentially dependent on the electrode material and only minimally dependent on the current strength.
  • the voltage drop of the arc column provides another
  • Deion chambers ignited. A line follow current can thus be avoided in a large number of cases. Furthermore, the load on the deionization chambers and thus on the drain itself is low in this case. Because of the distances between the deion chambers, which are independent of the length of the separation or the ignition voltage, the independent possibilities of influence, such as the number of electrodes, the length of the column, the strength of the magnetic field or the lengthening of the arc can be optimized by expanding and moving the same. This not only allows optimization to increase the arc voltage, but also the targeted influencing of the reignition behavior and the burning properties.
  • the continuous movement of the arc can be used to encapsulate the spark gap with the help of the pressure that is created to increase the power considerably.
  • the encapsulated surge arrester comprises at least one spark gap within an essentially rotationally symmetrical arc chamber with electrodes arranged symmetrically or coaxially there.
  • Electrodes there is a series connection made of a high-resistance isolating section and a high-resistance, but electrically conductive or semiconducting material. This series connection is located in a section between the electrodes and is in contact with them.
  • magnetic field generating means running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the electrodes are provided, which influence an arc that arises in the event of a flashover, in particular force it to rotate.
  • the magnetic field generating means are dispensed with, however here deion plates arranged between the electrodes force the arc to split in the event of a flashover.
  • a third embodiment of the invention is based on a combination of the magnetic field generating means described and the deion plates for dividing the arc that arises in the event of a rollover.
  • the electrodes in the case of a coxial structure, have at least a section of a smaller distance, in which area the deion plates present there have a greater thickness.
  • the high-resistance isolating gap either connects directly to one of the electrodes and is arranged in the edge region of the arc chamber, or the high-impedance isolating gap is formed as a section within the region from the electrically conductive or semiconducting material.
  • a section is provided starting from the inner electrode which extends into the preferred arcing path of the arc and which consists of a semiconducting or conductive material.
  • the section can then connect one or more of the deion plates located in the space between the electrodes.
  • the electrodes are virtually in the area of the bottom and top surfaces of the
  • Cylinder opposite and the series connection is formed essentially along the cylinder axis.
  • the magnetic field generating means are e.g. provided in the form of permanent magnetic plates to form an impact field.
  • the deionized plates are not in contact with the series connection, but are spaced apart therefrom. Under the influence of a magnetic field, the arc can then move along the electrodes into the chamber-like sections formed by the deion plates.
  • the separating section material consists of a polymer, or POM or PTFE. Ceramics, in particular glass ceramics, can also be used for this.
  • the further section of the series circuit made of a high-resistance but conductive or semiconducting material can be made of a conductive polymer, i.e. a polymer with metal or graphite fibers or soot or graphite particles.
  • electrically conductive or semiconductive ceramics based on silicon carbide or ZnO-based ones are used. It is also possible to use electrically conductive or semiconductive glasses or copper oxide materials.
  • the electrode materials are based on tungsten, copper or copper alloys, graphite or electrically conductive ceramics. The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments and with the aid of figures.
  • Fig. 1 shows a basic principle of the surge arrester with the
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement according to FIG. 1, but with deion plates and no magnetic blowing
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a surge arrester both with magnetic blowing and with deionized plates
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the surge arrester
  • Electrodes which have thickening sections and correspondingly corresponding deion plates of different thicknesses;
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the surge arrester with a isolating section which is surrounded by high-resistance, but conductive or semiconducting sections;
  • FIGS. 6a, ⁇ b are longitudinal sectional and cross-sectional representations of an embodiment of the surge arrester with deion plates and a finger-like section extending from the central electrode to the outer or edge electrode for controlling and influencing the arc;
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the surge arrester in the manner of a cylinder and a magnetic impact field which is developing
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the surge arrester with conically shaped electrodes, which prevent the arc from migrating into the spaces between Excite deion plates, the deion plates being arranged at a distance from the series connection;
  • FIG. 9 shows a similar embodiment as shown in FIG. 8, but with a coaxial arrangement of electrodes, which in turn have conical or inclined sections, in order to effect a targeted migration of the arc into the chambers between the deion plates;
  • FIG 10 shows an embodiment with an additional trigger electrode.
  • a high-resistance isolating section 3 connects to one of the electrodes, in the example shown the outer electrode 1.
  • a section 4 of a high-resistance, but electrically conductive or semiconductive material is adjacent to the high-resistance isolating section 3.
  • the high-resistance isolating section 3 and the section 4 represent a series connection which is located between the electrodes 1 and 2.
  • Magnetic field generating means 5 e.g. in the form of coils or permanent magnets, cause a rotation of the arc, which is formed in the event of a flashover and is not shown.
  • a coaxial electrode arrangement with one or more homogeneous magnetic fields is preferably assumed, but also surge arresters with plate-shaped or ring-shaped ones Electrodes and magnetic impact fields, as shown in FIGS. 7 or 8, can be realized.
  • the section 4 can discharge small pulse currents up to the electrode 2 due to its material properties. With currents of several 10 amperes or with longer periods of time, however, this material would be overloaded. Therefore, a sliding discharge develops on the surface of the material in section 4, which finally separates from the material and merges into an arc between electrodes 1 and 2.
  • the freely movable charge carriers are moved out of the rollover area when the separation path 3 is turned over or when the minimum arc distance is turned over with follow current.
  • the associated arc between electrodes 1 and 2 is continuously forced to rotate by the magnetic field.
  • the arc extinguishes at AC voltages in the zero current crossing.
  • the existing magnetic field reduces the risk of re-ignition.
  • the electrodes Due to the continuous movement of the arc, the electrodes have little tendency to partially melt, causing the Thermal emission and the formation of points of high field strength is reduced.
  • Mains voltage can be increased. With an encapsulated arrangement, this can be done by gradually increasing the pressure within the spark gap. Due to the low electrode erosion, the time for the voltage increase and the arc quenching at DC voltage, at which no natural current zero crossing occurs, can be several 10 ms.
  • two electrodes 1 and 2 are again provided to form the spark gap.
  • a separating section 3 and a section 4 are designed analogously to the explanations for FIG. 1.
  • the series connection from sections 3 and 4 is used analogously to extend the minimum arc gap with follow current.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 dispenses with magnetic blowing, but there are deion plates 6, by means of which an arc between the main electrodes 1 and 2 is divided into several partial arcs when they arise.
  • the geometry of the arrangement according to FIG. 2 can be coaxial, cylindrical or also cuboid, the thickness of the deionized plates 6 being in the range from 0.2 to 2 mm and the plate spacing being chosen to be uniform or uneven.
  • the plate spacing can vary in the range between 0.1 and essentially 5 mm.
  • the current flows through the material of section 4 to the main electrode 2. If the current carrying capacity of the material in section 4 is exceeded, a sliding discharge forms very quickly in the individual deion chambers that are formed between the plates 6 then comes off the surface. The arc then ignites between the individual deion plates and the main electrodes.
  • the achievable arc voltage is essentially determined by the electrode and deion plate materials, the number of deion chambers and the total arc length.
  • the arc voltage can only be increased significantly in the encapsulated state by increasing the pressure.
  • the arc can be moved continuously with the help of the magnetic field generated. This results in additional possibilities for increasing the voltage and the realization of longer arcing times, e.g. unproblematic for DC voltage applications.
  • the deion plates 6 in the embodiments according to FIGS. 2 and 3 extend with their base points directly to section 4 and extend almost over the entire longitudinal extent of the electrodes 1 and 2.
  • the separating section 3 can also be surrounded or embedded by the section 4 according to FIG. 5.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b With the help of the views according to FIGS. 6a and 6b, a coaxial spark gap is shown, in which an area or a part of the deion chambers formed between the deion plates 6
  • the deionized plates 6 and the electrodes 1 and 2 are based on tungsten, copper or copper alloys, graphite materials or electrically conductive ceramics.
  • Polymers e.g. POM or PTFE, but also glass ceramics or ceramics are used.
  • the high impedance but conductive or semiconductive section 4 is made of conductive polymers, i.e. those with metal, graphite fibers or soot or graphite particles. Electrically conductive and semiconductive ceramics based on silicon carbide or ZnO-based ones can also be used. The use of electrically conductive or semiconductive glasses or copper oxides is also conceivable.
  • the material of the finger-like section 7 corresponds, depending on the assigned function, either to the electrode material or also to that of section 4 of the series circuit comprising the isolating section and the subsequent high-resistance, but conductive or semiconducting material.
  • the spark gap can be made triggerable by integrating a further electrode 8, preferably in part 3 (high-resistance isolating gap).
  • This additional trigger electrode 8 can be formed in a coaxial arrangement in a ring shape.
  • a pin-shaped design of the electrode is also possible.
  • the electrode can also be inserted between part 3 and part 4 or in part 4 itself.
  • These additional electrodes can also be used in all other variants, e.g. can also be implemented in versions with deion plates.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dérivateur de surtension encapsulé doté d'au moins un éclateur, notamment pour la limitation de courants de suite dans des réseaux basse tension en cas de courant continu ou de courant alternatif. Ce dérivateur comprend une boîte d'extinction d'arc sensiblement à rotation de symétrie avec là des électrodes placées de façon symétrique ou coaxiale. Un montage en série, monté entre les électrodes, est composé d'un espace intercontact de valeur ohmique élevée et d'une section réalisée dans un matériau de valeur ohmique élevée mais électroconducteur ou semi-conducteur. Des moyens de production de champs magnétiques qui s'étendent perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal des électrodes, forcent en rotation un arc électrique produit en cas de claquage. L'utilisation de ces moyens de production de champs magnétiques, même en association, permet d'implanter des plaques de déionisation entre les électrodes pour répartir l'arc électrique se produisant en cas de claquage.
EP01967242A 2000-11-24 2001-08-07 Derivateur de surtension encapsule dote d'au moins un eclateur Withdrawn EP1260000A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10058333 2000-11-24
DE10058333 2000-11-24
DE10060426A DE10060426B4 (de) 2000-11-24 2000-12-05 Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter mit mindestens einer Funkenstrecke
DE10060426 2000-12-05
PCT/EP2001/009145 WO2002043208A1 (fr) 2000-11-24 2001-08-07 Derivateur de surtension encapsule dote d'au moins un eclateur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1260000A1 true EP1260000A1 (fr) 2002-11-27

Family

ID=26007768

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01967242A Withdrawn EP1260000A1 (fr) 2000-11-24 2001-08-07 Derivateur de surtension encapsule dote d'au moins un eclateur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1260000A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001287666A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002043208A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ302962B6 (cs) * 2006-06-09 2012-01-25 Hess R&D, S.R.O. Svodic prepetí

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4141681C2 (de) * 1991-12-17 1996-11-14 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Überspannungsschutzelement
DE4439730C2 (de) * 1994-10-17 1996-09-26 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Überspannungsschutzelement
ES2207875T3 (es) * 1994-10-07 2004-06-01 PHOENIX CONTACT GMBH & CO. KG Elemento de proteccion contra sobretension.
EP0793318A1 (fr) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-03 Felten & Guilleaume Austria Ag Dispositif dérivateur de surtensions
DE19717802B4 (de) * 1997-04-26 2009-09-17 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG Funkenstrecke
DE19742302A1 (de) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-08 Bettermann Obo Gmbh & Co Kg Blitzstromtragfähige Funkenstrecke
DE29810937U1 (de) * 1998-06-18 1999-11-04 Bettermann Obo Gmbh & Co Kg Funkenstrecke

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0243208A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ302962B6 (cs) * 2006-06-09 2012-01-25 Hess R&D, S.R.O. Svodic prepetí

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001287666A1 (en) 2002-06-03
WO2002043208A1 (fr) 2002-05-30

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