EP1260000A1

EP1260000A1 - Encapsulated surge voltage protector with at least one spark gap

Info

Publication number: EP1260000A1
Application number: EP01967242A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter Zahlmann; Arnd Ehrhardt
Original assignee: Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Dehn SE and Co KG
Priority date: 2000-11-24
Filing date: 2001-08-07
Publication date: 2002-11-27
Also published as: AU2001287666A1; WO2002043208A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an encapsulated surge voltage protector with at least one spark gap, especially for limiting mains follow currents in low-voltage networks with direct or alternating currents, comprising an essentially rotation-symmetrical arcing chamber with symmetrically or coaxially located electrodes. A series connection which is made up of a high-resistance isolating distance and a section consisting of high-resistance but electroconductive or semiconductive material is configured between the electrodes. Means for generating a magnetic field which force any arc that is produced as a result of flashover into rotation extend vertically in relation to the longitudinal axis of the electrodes. The use of these magnetic field generation means, also in combination, enables deionization plates between the electrodes to be provided for distributing an arc resulting from flashover.

Description

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Φ H d H φ TJ 0: CO 3 EP rt CL ^ Q d Ω 3 φ 3 μ- CL H rt H ¹ 3 d 3 I

3 Φ 3 DJ μ- 3 Φ 1 μ- Φ 3 Φ tr 1_J. 1 3 μ- Φ DJ DJ 3 3

3 N 3 H co φ 1 μ- rt φ φ 3 CL iQ dd φ 3 μ- d Φ 3 CL d N rt d 3 3 d Ω σ 3 μ- 3 φ o co d Φ 3 iQ 3 tr Φ CL 3 1 3 Ω H 3 rt iQ φ H tr rt

The object of the invention is achieved by an encapsulated surge arrester in the embodiments according to the teaching according to claim 1, 2 or 3, the subclaims comprising at least expedient refinements and developments.

The basic idea of the invention is accordingly that the follow current arc is constricted by pinches in a preferably rotationally symmetrical, encapsulated arc chamber with subdivisions according to the deion principle, and is forced to continuous rotation.

The deion principle immediately guarantees a value of the arc voltage in the range of the mains voltage when the follow-up current arises, which cannot be undercut.

The minimum level of the arc voltage ULB can thus be determined from the number of electrode drop voltages U ^ κ. This

The value is essentially dependent on the electrode material and only minimally dependent on the current strength.

The voltage drop of the arc column provides another

Contribution to increasing the arc voltage, which results from the product of the arc length ILB and the electrical

Field strength e of the arc results.

Simplified, the arc voltage can be calculated as follows: U _LB = U _AK + eI _LB

The application of magnetic fields causes a force to be exerted on the arc's own magnetic field, so that it is constricted as it arises. This in turn leads to an increase in the electric field strength e, as a result of which the arc voltage is increased compared to an unaffected arc. ω to to! _ft odo

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3 Ω rt Ω DJ CO li Φ rt μ- DJ 3 Φ Φ iQ Φ Φ tr 1 φ J Φ tr ¹ rt α tr φ H rt Ü Φ μ- ^ fr tr tr CL rt μ- H d Φ H iQ Φ tr rt h Φ HHH d H μ- li tr H ri iQ μ- μ- μ ^j

Ω DJ Φ ON dd J 3 μ- 3 μ- Φ Φ 3 "-3 Hi tr Ω d Ω μ- Φ d C φ μ- O PJ o tr 3 a tQ φ 3 3 3 iQ rt TJ CL rt μ- li € μ- N tr N fr tr 3 tr co μ- Ω μ- tr 3 rt ^ Φ μ- iQ iQ μ- DJ co Φ d φ Φ L tr ¹ d φ li 3 dos: O: uQ rt Ω? Φ co rt 1 α tr Φ DJ: 3 rt φ rt CQ rt r- ¹ HH co PJ = 3 3 Φ L li 3. 3 L tr tr Ω PJ rt iQ Φ

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3 P 3 μ- μ- ⁾ fr li ii Ω N μ- li litt co H 3 d S! tr 3 * 1 Ω μ- iQ Φ tr d PJ d μ- 3 DJ CO rt μ ^j Φ O: tr ιQ CL co Φ li iQ s: Φ φ CL μ- Φ co φ tr Φ Φ H 3 co iQ tQ co 3 rt 3 rt μ- Φ 3 o • μ- rt Ω Φ Φ φ li d φ CQ TJ co} Q co d Φ iQ rt 3

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3 μ- J: μ- Φ Φ Hl O d KQ li ii tr •> Φ 3 3 N rt d PJ: 3 co 3 CL PJ Φ

CL tr a 3 H Λ σ d: 3 H Φ μ- φ rt φ iQ PJ Φ co d = 3 H d tr φ Φ <tc φ σ

Φ iQ 3 d Φ tr μ- Ω 3 ω H! Hi • ^ • d rt TJ 3 co iQ 3 Φ ri Φ μ- tr α rt 3 μ- PJ σ O PJ μ- H 3 tr rt Φ PJ CO μ- Φ d Ω Φ d CL O Φ KQ co P ü Φ P ⁾ : Φ co ιQ tr Φ tr co o φ TJ ι-3 o ^ s ¹ 3 μ- 3 - 3 tr <! ≤ Φ O DJ tr ¹ li 3 H s: Ω Φ Φ μ- Φ μ- 3 3 d CL H li rt Ω α Ω fr Φ φ Φ 0 h Φ 3 TJ μ- PJ: CL iQ

Φ tr 3 N o H TJ • μ ^j μ- Φ 3 H Φ tr Φ tr Φ ≤: H 3 li tr tr O CL CQ Ω 3 d μ- s:

H ⁾ d 3 Hi DJ μ ^j CQ φ 3 J μ- H rt Φ 3 φ N ^• »3 ^* HO: CL O Φ Φ tr iQ ii iQ μ- μ ^j ϊ →> r * d DJ α Φ co 3 rt Cfl • d = CQ Ω Φ DJ tr μ- H rt Φ Ω Φ H

Φ rt D): tr DJ DJ: co rt d Φ co Φ Ω tr co μ- rt tr d C CL rt φ CL Φ d σ li tr 3 CL

3 d 3 Φ 3 Ω rt H s: co rt ü tr σ Φ μ- tr ri co iQ rt rt PJ • DJ 3 o d

• 3 iQ 3 tr CL Φ Ω d: li μ- μ- H Ω H φ φ rt li Φ co ιa EP tr KQ iQ 3 <CL iQ Φ μ- Φ φ φ 3 tr li 3 Φ P ⁾ Φ tr Ω O 3 ö o Φ Φ iQ: Φ Φ

Cd 3 Φ H 3 CL DJ o - φ φ> W 3 € 3 μ- Φ μ- CL 3 tr HH μ- Φ tr 3 N CL Φ rt fT μ- μ- PJ μ- μ- 3 Φ CL Φ CQ TJ tr Φ iQ μ- Φ CO CL tr

3 μ- d μ- • d = 3 O: μ- 3 Φ Φ Φ rt 3 3 3 co Φ H Ω O tr Φ 3 H TJ Φ rt DJ t ^"1

Φ 3 3 ιQ 3 DJ CO Φ H 3 Φ L Φ 3 TJ tr CL tr o H fr Φ PJ: DJ li H μ-

Φ C Φ σ CL rt rt tr μ- f 3 Φ 3 φ Ü Φ 3 Φ μ- PJ o μ- 3 ^ 3 co li Ω

P ⁾ : left 3 DJ Φ Φ μ- P ⁾ O: <! HH Φ o DJ 3 Φ rt 3 3 ß s: * Q d 3 DO μ- N tr d <! 3 rt H CQ μ- Φ 3 Φ Φ Φ H3 3 "Ω μ- iQ • μ- μ- CL rt rt Φ Φ 3 d O Ω Φ rt

EP tr DJ d μ- μ- μ- H ü 3 H 3 3 Φ PJ tr rt 3 Hi <! <μ- μ- H for 3 iQ tr μ- tr φ φ H 3 rt CL DJ Ω Φ N Φ tr μ- <! N Φ Cd φ • Φ 3 d rt Φ Φ iQ Φ rt o

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Φ μ- P ⁾ ^ H. rt d 3 o Φ H th Hi σ tr μ- CL H co H Φ N φ

Φ tr <! DJ tr φ CL? R CL H μ- o Φ tr 3 Φ μ- PJ PJ Φ Φ t ^"1 rt P ⁾ : H d 3

DO tr o 3 t " ¹ G Φ Φ Φ ¹ φ ^ o CL μ- DJ d H 3 DJ co H CL μ- li 3 CQ

Φ μ- Φ 3 3 μ- tr μ- <μ- 3 φ 3 3 3 Φ 3 HH CL CL tr rt H "DJ to Ω Φ iQ tr ¹ P ⁾ : 3

CO ιΩ 3 Ω Φ φ 3 μ- • φ H φ rt Φ d Φ O Φ μ- 3 rt tr Ω Φ μ- rt PJ

Ω Φ CL φ tr H CQ H Φ to 3 HJH Φ Φ H 3 H CL 3 Ω μ- Φ rt ^ ~ Ω N Ω tr 3 Φ μ- rt rt tr H PJ Φ a Φ 3 d: 3 μ- iQ φ tr rt μ- tr Φ d tr μ ^< tr

PJ tr H 3 tr Φ DJ μ- d ^• » ⁾ 3 tr CL 3 CQ CQ PJ li Φ ιQ o 3 rt μ- μ ^j > oo μ- ü a G TJ Ω φ φ Φ tr 0 iQ d φ Φ Φ iQ Φ CL σ Ω φ rt 3 rt ι-3 co <Q 3 ^ r CL tr rt μ- tr H li H Φ hs: Φ Ω C li f ¹ tr H φ lio tr μ- d N DJ: H rt φ Φ Φ d Φ Φ Φ «3 CQ Φ μ- 3 tr μ- μ- φ d 3 iQ CL iQ 3

3 DJ 3 Φ H 3 H 3 H μ- CL Φ CL σ rt DJ Φ DJ: Φ Cd Ω 3 3 N μ- DJ Φ N Φ iQ tr CL 3 OQ iQ Φ CQ Φ H ω μ- φ μ- EP TJ ^> tr co iQ Φ tr 3 3 d li

H Φ 3 3 3 H DJ f rt 3 PJ μ- φ μ- 3 Φ φ 3 Φ rt O μ- rt μ- li φ 3 1 co DJ Φ CL CO rt d 3 3 0 3 H? Rh PJ f tr CL rt rt DJ μ- <! rt tr μ- μ- rt H 3 G μ- CL 3 rt tr DJ o 3 iQ rt o co Φ Φ co tr

3 OD ⁾ φ rt φ d O iQ tr fr 1 • o 3 D ⁾ 3 H vQ μ- H 3 μ- Φ φ 3 φ HN 1 co 3 co Φ Φ φ Ω t- ¹ § 1 Φ O Φ Ω Ω μ - d

H H d Φ iQ φ 1 H 3 μ- tr 1 φ rt CL 3 tr tr 3 3

Φ 3 1 3 1 3 1 φ 1 φ CL li I 3

such a spark gap for potential control is not necessary.

The above principle has the following advantages. In the case of low-energy interference pulses, there is no arc in all

Deion chambers ignited. A line follow current can thus be avoided in a large number of cases. Furthermore, the load on the deionization chambers and thus on the drain itself is low in this case. Because of the distances between the deion chambers, which are independent of the length of the separation or the ignition voltage, the independent possibilities of influence, such as the number of electrodes, the length of the column, the strength of the magnetic field or the lengthening of the arc can be optimized by expanding and moving the same. This not only allows optimization to increase the arc voltage, but also the targeted influencing of the reignition behavior and the burning properties.

All are moved freely by the applied magnetic field

Charge carriers within the spark gap are immediately affected and transported away from the ignition area. On the one hand, this has the effect that the conditions for igniting a follow-up current are extremely deteriorated after low-energy discharges and, on the other hand, that an arc which arises is set in continuous rotation, as a result of which the burn-off can be minimized. However, such minimized burn-up leads to less aging of the spark gap. For this reason, cheaper materials can be used or, on the other hand, the arc can be carried longer. This is particularly advantageous for DC voltage applications.

The continuous movement of the arc can be used to encapsulate the spark gap with the help of the pressure that is created to increase the power considerably. The

Arc voltage can thus be increased in the event of long-lasting overloads, ie voltage increases, and, if necessary, adapt to higher loads virtually automatically. Basically, the encapsulated surge arrester according to the invention comprises at least one spark gap within an essentially rotationally symmetrical arc chamber with electrodes arranged symmetrically or coaxially there.

Between the electrodes there is a series connection made of a high-resistance isolating section and a high-resistance, but electrically conductive or semiconducting material. This series connection is located in a section between the electrodes and is in contact with them.

In a first embodiment, magnetic field generating means running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the electrodes are provided, which influence an arc that arises in the event of a flashover, in particular force it to rotate.

In a further embodiment, the magnetic field generating means are dispensed with, however here deion plates arranged between the electrodes force the arc to split in the event of a flashover.

A third embodiment of the invention is based on a combination of the magnetic field generating means described and the deion plates for dividing the arc that arises in the event of a rollover.

In order to guide the arc in a targeted manner, the electrodes, in the case of a coxial structure, have at least a section of a smaller distance, in which area the deion plates present there have a greater thickness.

According to the invention, the high-resistance isolating gap either connects directly to one of the electrodes and is arranged in the edge region of the arc chamber, or the high-impedance isolating gap is formed as a section within the region from the electrically conductive or semiconducting material. In a coaxial embodiment of the electrodes of the surge arrester, a section is provided starting from the inner electrode which extends into the preferred arcing path of the arc and which consists of a semiconducting or conductive material. This

The section can then connect one or more of the deion plates located in the space between the electrodes.

In the case of a cylinder arrangement of the collector, the electrodes are virtually in the area of the bottom and top surfaces of the

Cylinder opposite and the series connection is formed essentially along the cylinder axis. In this case the magnetic field generating means are e.g. provided in the form of permanent magnetic plates to form an impact field.

In a further embodiment, the deionized plates are not in contact with the series connection, but are spaced apart therefrom. Under the influence of a magnetic field, the arc can then move along the electrodes into the chamber-like sections formed by the deion plates.

According to the invention, the separating section material consists of a polymer, or POM or PTFE. Ceramics, in particular glass ceramics, can also be used for this.

The further section of the series circuit made of a high-resistance but conductive or semiconducting material can be made of a conductive polymer, i.e. a polymer with metal or graphite fibers or soot or graphite particles. Furthermore, electrically conductive or semiconductive ceramics based on silicon carbide or ZnO-based ones are used. It is also possible to use electrically conductive or semiconductive glasses or copper oxide materials.

The electrode materials are based on tungsten, copper or copper alloys, graphite or electrically conductive ceramics. The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments and with the aid of figures.

Here show:

Fig. 1 shows a basic principle of the surge arrester with the

Series connection between the electrodes and magnetic field generating means;

FIG. 2 shows an arrangement according to FIG. 1, but with deion plates and no magnetic blowing;

3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a surge arrester both with magnetic blowing and with deionized plates;

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the surge arrester

Electrodes which have thickening sections and correspondingly corresponding deion plates of different thicknesses;

5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the surge arrester with a isolating section which is surrounded by high-resistance, but conductive or semiconducting sections;

6a, βb are longitudinal sectional and cross-sectional representations of an embodiment of the surge arrester with deion plates and a finger-like section extending from the central electrode to the outer or edge electrode for controlling and influencing the arc;

7 shows an embodiment of the surge arrester in the manner of a cylinder and a magnetic impact field which is developing;

Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the surge arrester with conically shaped electrodes, which prevent the arc from migrating into the spaces between Excite deion plates, the deion plates being arranged at a distance from the series connection;

FIG. 9 shows a similar embodiment as shown in FIG. 8, but with a coaxial arrangement of electrodes, which in turn have conical or inclined sections, in order to effect a targeted migration of the arc into the chambers between the deion plates; and

10 shows an embodiment with an additional trigger electrode.

It should be noted at this point that all figurative representations only show the basic structure of the surge arrester, with deliberate omission of a representation of the power supply lines or the encapsulation.

According to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a coaxial arrangement of an outer electrode 1 and an inner electrode 2 is assumed.

A high-resistance isolating section 3 connects to one of the electrodes, in the example shown the outer electrode 1. A section 4 of a high-resistance, but electrically conductive or semiconductive material is adjacent to the high-resistance isolating section 3. The high-resistance isolating section 3 and the section 4 represent a series connection which is located between the electrodes 1 and 2.

Magnetic field generating means 5, e.g. in the form of coils or permanent magnets, cause a rotation of the arc, which is formed in the event of a flashover and is not shown.

A coaxial electrode arrangement with one or more homogeneous magnetic fields is preferably assumed, but also surge arresters with plate-shaped or ring-shaped ones Electrodes and magnetic impact fields, as shown in FIGS. 7 or 8, can be realized.

In the event that there is an overvoltage between the electrodes 1 and 2, which exceeds the dielectric strength of the isolating section 3, which is designed as a sliding section, there is a flashover between the electrode 1 and the section 4.

The section 4 can discharge small pulse currents up to the electrode 2 due to its material properties. With currents of several 10 amperes or with longer periods of time, however, this material would be overloaded. Therefore, a sliding discharge develops on the surface of the material in section 4, which finally separates from the material and merges into an arc between electrodes 1 and 2.

Due to the existing magnetic field due to the magnetic field generating means 5, the freely movable charge carriers are moved out of the rollover area when the separation path 3 is turned over or when the minimum arc distance is turned over with follow current.

After the impact process has subsided, only the instantaneous value of the mains voltage is available for the entire flashover distance. Due to the removal of the charge carriers, this voltage is no longer sufficient to ignite a follow-up electric arc, particularly in the case of low-energy surge discharges. This can significantly reduce the risk of a grid follow-up current.

If the line follow current occurs, the associated arc between electrodes 1 and 2 is continuously forced to rotate by the magnetic field. The arc extinguishes at AC voltages in the zero current crossing. The existing magnetic field reduces the risk of re-ignition.

Due to the continuous movement of the arc, the electrodes have little tendency to partially melt, causing the Thermal emission and the formation of points of high field strength is reduced.

In the case of direct voltages without natural zero current crossing, the arc voltage must be above the driving voltage in order to quench the current

Mains voltage can be increased. With an encapsulated arrangement, this can be done by gradually increasing the pressure within the spark gap. Due to the low electrode erosion, the time for the voltage increase and the arc quenching at DC voltage, at which no natural current zero crossing occurs, can be several 10 ms.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, two electrodes 1 and 2 are again provided to form the spark gap. A separating section 3 and a section 4 are designed analogously to the explanations for FIG. 1. The series connection from sections 3 and 4 is used analogously to extend the minimum arc gap with follow current.

The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 dispenses with magnetic blowing, but there are deion plates 6, by means of which an arc between the main electrodes 1 and 2 is divided into several partial arcs when they arise.

The geometry of the arrangement according to FIG. 2 can be coaxial, cylindrical or also cuboid, the thickness of the deionized plates 6 being in the range from 0.2 to 2 mm and the plate spacing being chosen to be uniform or uneven. The plate spacing can vary in the range between 0.1 and essentially 5 mm.

After the separation section 3 has flipped over, the current flows through the material of section 4 to the main electrode 2. If the current carrying capacity of the material in section 4 is exceeded, a sliding discharge forms very quickly in the individual deion chambers that are formed between the plates 6 then comes off the surface. The arc then ignites between the individual deion plates and the main electrodes.

The achievable arc voltage is essentially determined by the electrode and deion plate materials, the number of deion chambers and the total arc length. The arc voltage can only be increased significantly in the encapsulated state by increasing the pressure.

With a combination of magnetic field generating means 5 and

Deion plates 6 according to the embodiment of FIG. 3, the arc can be moved continuously with the help of the magnetic field generated. This results in additional possibilities for increasing the voltage and the realization of longer arcing times, e.g. unproblematic for DC voltage applications.

The deion plates 6 in the embodiments according to FIGS. 2 and 3 extend with their base points directly to section 4 and extend almost over the entire longitudinal extent of the electrodes 1 and 2.

When the geometry of the electrode 1 and the deion plates 6 according to FIG. 4 is varied, there is the possibility of relieving the insulation materials which are fundamentally necessary in the surge arrester. The resulting constriction, due to the opposite, thicker sections of the electrodes and / or deion plates, also relieves the strain on the separating section 3 or section 4 by guiding the arc in a defined manner.

As an alternative to a separating section 3, which adjoins the outer electrode 1, the separating section 3 can also be surrounded or embedded by the section 4 according to FIG. 5.

With the help of the views according to FIGS. 6a and 6b, a coaxial spark gap is shown, in which an area or a part of the deion chambers formed between the deion plates 6

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Migration of the arc into the deion chambers, i.e. the spaces between the deion plates 6.

The deionized plates 6 and the electrodes 1 and 2 are based on tungsten, copper or copper alloys, graphite materials or electrically conductive ceramics.

Polymers, e.g. POM or PTFE, but also glass ceramics or ceramics are used.

The high impedance but conductive or semiconductive section 4 is made of conductive polymers, i.e. those with metal, graphite fibers or soot or graphite particles. Electrically conductive and semiconductive ceramics based on silicon carbide or ZnO-based ones can also be used. The use of electrically conductive or semiconductive glasses or copper oxides is also conceivable. The material of the finger-like section 7 corresponds, depending on the assigned function, either to the electrode material or also to that of section 4 of the series circuit comprising the isolating section and the subsequent high-resistance, but conductive or semiconducting material.

According to FIG. 10, the spark gap can be made triggerable by integrating a further electrode 8, preferably in part 3 (high-resistance isolating gap).

This additional trigger electrode 8 can be formed in a coaxial arrangement in a ring shape. A pin-shaped design of the electrode is also possible. Furthermore, the electrode can also be inserted between part 3 and part 4 or in part 4 itself. These additional electrodes can also be used in all other variants, e.g. can also be implemented in versions with deion plates.

Claims

claims

1. Encapsulated surge arrester with at least one spark gap, in particular for limiting line follow currents in low-voltage networks with direct or alternating current, comprising an essentially rotationally symmetrical arc chamber with electrodes arranged symmetrically or coaxially, with a series connection of a high-resistance isolating section and a high-impedance section between the electrodes. however, an electrically conductive or semiconducting material section is formed and magnetic field generating means which run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the electrodes and force an arc which arises in the event of a flashover to rotate.

2. Encapsulated surge arrester with at least one spark gap, in particular for limiting line follow currents in low-voltage grids with direct or alternating current, comprising an essentially rotationally symmetrical arc chamber with electrodes arranged symmetrically or coaxially, with a series connection of a high-resistance isolating path and a high-resistance path between the electrodes. however, electrically conductive or semiconductive material existing section is formed and between the

Electrode-arranged deion plates for dividing the arc that arises in the event of a flashover.

3. Encapsulated surge arrester with at least one spark gap, in particular for limiting line follow currents in low-voltage networks with direct or alternating current, comprising an essentially rotationally symmetrical arc chamber with electrodes symmetrically or coaxially arranged there, with a series connection of a high-resistance isolating path and a high-resistance path between the electrodes. However, the section consisting of electrically conductive or semiconducting material is formed, which magnetic field generating means extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the electrodes force an arc that arises in the event of a flashover to rotate, and deion plates arranged between the electrodes for dividing the arc that forms in the event of a flashover.

4. Encapsulated surge arrester according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the distance between the deion plates is in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm.

5. Encapsulated surge arrester according to claim 2, characterized in that for guiding the arc, the electrodes have at least a portion of a smaller distance in a coaxial structure, in which area the deion plates present there have a greater thickness.

6. Encapsulated surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the high-resistance isolating section connects directly to one of the electrodes and is arranged in the edge region of the arc chamber.

7. Encapsulated surge arrester according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the high-impedance isolating section adjacent to each section of the electrically conductive or semiconducting material, overall forming the series circuit, are arranged.

8. Encapsulated surge arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that starting from the inner electrode with a coaxial structure of the arrester, a semiconducting or conductive section extends into the preferred rollover path, the section connecting one or more of the deion plates.

9. Encapsulated surge arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that in a cylinder arrangement of the Abieiter the electrodes are formed opposite one another and the series connection runs essentially along the cylinder axis, wherein

Deion plates, concentrically surrounding the series circuit, are arranged between the electrodes, the magnetic field generating means being used to form an impact field.

10. Encapsulated surge arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that

Deion plates are arranged spaced apart for series connection, the arc moving under the influence of a magnetic field along the electrodes into the chamber-like sections formed by the deion plates.

11. Encapsulated surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the isolating material is a polymer such as POM or PTFE or consists of ceramic or glass ceramic.

12. Encapsulated surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conductive or semiconducting high-resistance material of the series circuit made of a conductive polymer with metal or graphite fibers and carbon black or graphite particles, an electrically conductive or semiconducting ceramic based on silicon carbide, an electrically conductive or semiconducting glass or based on ZnO or copper oxides.

13. Encapsulated surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional trigger electrode is arranged in the region of the series connection.