EP2074686B1 - Spark gap arrangement for higher rated voltages - Google Patents
Spark gap arrangement for higher rated voltages Download PDFInfo
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- EP2074686B1 EP2074686B1 EP08831279A EP08831279A EP2074686B1 EP 2074686 B1 EP2074686 B1 EP 2074686B1 EP 08831279 A EP08831279 A EP 08831279A EP 08831279 A EP08831279 A EP 08831279A EP 2074686 B1 EP2074686 B1 EP 2074686B1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spark gap arrangement for higher rated voltages, wherein at least two spark gaps having opposite electrodes are connected in series and at least one of the spark gaps is active, i. triggerable, designed for use as a lightning current carrying mains arrester, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- the local spark gaps have a very different inherent capacity, whereby the response voltage of the overall arrangement is determined essentially by the spark gap with the smaller capacity.
- the partial spark gaps At the lightning current carrying multiple spark gap after EP 1 381 127 A2 is assumed by several, connected in series partial spark gaps, the partial spark gaps, with the exception of the lightning current event case first responding spark gap are connected by impedances, so that they switch through successively. The second and the further spark gaps are connected via the impedances directly to a common reference potential. With the spark gap presented there, the response voltage should be reduced. For this purpose, a trigger voltage is applied to at least the electrodes of one of the partial spark gaps, by means of which the partial spark gap is forced to switch through.
- a spark arrestor overvoltage protection element with at least two located in a pressure-tight housing main electrodes and a Zündangeselektrode, wherein in the housing volume, a functional assembly is housed to reduce the An Anlagenschreib.
- This functional module comprises a series connection of a voltage-switching element, an impedance and an isolating distance, so that a simplified, quasi-integrated starting aid is created.
- a spark gap arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 is also made DE-A-2 406 577 known. In summary, it belongs to the known state of the art to make spark gaps suitable for use at higher rated voltages by series connection. A simple series connection leads to triggerable spark gaps in addition to the considerable costs to restrictions in terms of protection level and the coordination of the arrester and usually requires an additional complex potential control.
- spark gaps are used, which are located in a flameproof enclosure and which have at least one pressure equalization opening. Furthermore, the distance between the main electrodes of the passive spark gap bridging insert is provided, which consists of a low-resistance material. This material behaves strongly under current load with respect to the decreasing residual voltage nonlinear.
- the series connection is formed from two physically separated spark gaps, one of the spark gaps being triggerable and the second spark gap being passive.
- the spark gaps are accommodated in a common, pressure-resistant, preferably metallic housing.
- the spark gaps preferably used are rotationally symmetrical.
- the respective opposing main electrodes comprise a main electrode with Gasumlenkkanal.
- the bridging, low-impedance insert already mentioned is arranged as a preferably rotationally symmetrical part with a cylindrical opening delimiting the arc combustion chamber.
- the main electrode opposite the main electrode with the gas deflection channel has a nose portion or a projection which dips into the cylindrical opening, with the wall coming into contact with it. It is understood that the nose portion is to be formed in its outer contour complementary to the shape of the cylindrical opening.
- the low-resistance material of the insert preferably has a cold resistance of ⁇ 100 ohms.
- the insert has in one embodiment, a hollow cylindrical shape and is located with one end face over the entire surface of the main electrode with Gasumlenkkanal.
- the preferably hollow-cylindrical insert in each case with one of its end faces, is in contact with one main electrode in each case over its entire surface.
- the flashover between the main electrodes takes place only after a comparatively longer period of time or at very high pulse currents, which is of particular interest when the residual voltage of the spark gap is to be above the rated voltage for a plurality of pulse-shaped discharges in order to prevent a Netz Steinstrom ,
- the clear distance between the respective main electrodes of the spark gaps is substantially greater than that which can be found in the known state of the art in corresponding series circuits, and is at least about 5 mm.
- the pressure equalization openings are basically oriented in the axial direction of the rotationally symmetric spark gaps and are away from one another in order to prevent unwanted exposure of functionally important parts.
- a transition part may be provided which has a higher resistance value relative to the insert, but is conductive.
- the geometric shape of the insert can be subjected to changes in the radial and / or axial direction for adjusting and varying the current density, so that in the preferred rotationally symmetrical basic construction and a desired modular structure by replacing the insert various electrical parameters can be realized.
- a common central main electrode is preferably provided, which in this case is insulated from the jacket encapsulation.
- the pressure compensation openings are designed axially and opposite in the region of the external contact of the respective main electrode as channels of small cross section for the slow pressure reduction of the already cooled gas. Also based on the design of the pressure equalization channels and the meandering deflection of the gas flow is to the patent application DE 10 2007 001 093.3 directed.
- the external trigger circuit for igniting the active spark gap is guided on the trigger electrode of this active spark gap and on the electrical end connection points of the series connection.
- the necessary follow current limiting is achieved by increasing the arc field strength due to the pressure increase or in combination with the arc cooling by flowing the arc within encapsulated spark gaps.
- the distances between the main electrodes are at least 5 mm.
- the low-resistance material of the insert is located within the passive spark gap directly in the region of the arc channel and radially or completely limits the wall-stabilized arc.
- the material that bridges the distance between the main electrodes of the passive spark gap has a cold resistance of less than 100 ohms and behaves at current load with respect to the falling residual voltage is highly linear, ie the voltage drops despite further increasing current.
- the material used can momentarily pulse-shaped currents of several kA without lasting damage lead to overturning.
- the resulting residual voltage is well below 2 kV.
- the height and the duration of the residual stress can also be set or influenced by influencing the current density distribution in the material itself, by the geometric design of the insert or else by a functional subdivision from a plurality of materials.
- the inventive passive spark gap does not affect the response, coordination and residual voltage behavior of the entire series connection.
- the subdivision into partial spark gaps reduces the thermal and dynamic load on each single spark gap and there are many design options.
- the performance of the series-connected lightning arrester is improved in terms of follow current limiting, lightning current carrying capacity and aging.
- Compared to a series connection of two triggerable arresters there is the advantage that both space and costs for the second or multiple ignition units can be saved.
- a conventional series connection of triggerable spark gaps namely either a simultaneous ignition must be done, which makes high demands on the spark gaps, the trigger circuit and the potential control, or the trigger circuit must be able to compensate the Zündverzugs founded the individual spark gaps, since usually trigger circuits only one time and energy provide limited ignition pulse.
- the Fig. 1 shows a series connection (sectional view) of a triggered spark gap 1 (active spark gap) and an ungetriggered (passive) spark gap 2.
- the trigger circuit 3 of the active spark gap 1 has a connection 4 which is connected to a connection 5 of a main electrode 8 of the passive spark gap 2. Another connection of the trigger circuit 3 leads to the main electrode 8 of the active spark gap 1, which also has the trigger contact through an insulation 20, led out of the pressure-resistant metallic encapsulation 21.
- Pressure compensation openings 6 of the spark gaps 1 and 2 and the gas flow direction 7 (arrow) within the spark gaps 1 and 2 are oriented opposite.
- Both spark gaps 1 and 2 each have a plurality of independent ventilation openings 6 for better control of the flow and for effective cooling of the gases formed during ignition and firing of the arc.
- one of the main electrodes 8 has an opening 22, which forms part of a Gasumlenkkanals, which merges into the pressure equalization openings 6.
- the triggerable spark gap 1 has two main electrodes, namely the main electrode 8 and 9, and an auxiliary electrode 10, which is in electrical connection with the trigger contact 20.
- the spark gap 1 has at least one insulation gap 12, which is located between the main electrodes 8 and 9 of this spark gap.
- the passive spark gap 2 also has two main electrodes 8 and 9.
- a trained as a spacer 13 insert between the main electrodes 8 and 9 of the passive spark gap is preferably made in one piece from a very low-resistance material.
- da 15 mm
- di 5 mm
- the spacer 13 is to prevent flashovers in the contacting region between the nose portion 23 of the main electrode 9 and the plate-shaped electrode holder 14 is insulated from the latter via the part 15.
- the immersion depth of the nose portion 23 of the electrode 9 in the spacer 13 increases with the desired level of performance of the arrester and decreases with increasing erosion resistance of the electrode material.
- the immersion depth is in this case dimensioned such that both the axial burnup of the nose electrode 9 and the radial erosion of the spacer 13 do not lead to an insulating separation path between the parts 13 and 9.
- a spark generation is realized during the overturning of the insulation gap, which causes ionization, whereby the flashover is promoted.
- the isolation is designed so that the Breakover voltage does not affect the response voltage and residual voltage of the spark gap.
- the flashover voltage is so low that when the mains voltage is applied, the passive spark gap would always respond without series connection with the triggerable spark gap. Thus, this is virtually controlled and permanently loaded with electricity to burn. It follows that after ignition of the triggerable spark gap, the passive spark gap itself only at mains voltage current. The insulation is thus virtually absent and it ignites the passive spark gap with insulated electrodes as well due to the immediate current flow as well as without isolation. The function is identical to this. Only the current density distribution and the ionization lead to a rapid ignition of the main line of the passive spark gap.
- the Fig. 2 shows an exemplary geometry as a cross-sectional representation of a passive spark gap. Again, two opposite main electrodes 8 and 9 are present. The electrodes are isolated in a metallic enclosure 21 located.
- the spacer 13 can also be varied in the circumference of the hollow cylinder in both the radial and in the axial direction with respect to the electrical conductivity. In this way, in addition to the control of the electric current density in the spacer 13 and effects of thermal insulation with respect to the electrodes 8 and 9 are effected. In addition, the Variation of the materials used in the discharge channel of the division of functions or used to influence the temperature and pressure resistance and the better aging quality and to reduce the burnup.
- the Fig. 2 shows here, for example, a substantially only axial function distribution.
- the two electrodes 8 and 9 in Fig. 1 only 9) with respect to the metallic encapsulation 21 isolated.
- the Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a possible geometry in cross-sectional view for the passive spark gap. 2
- a flashover between the main electrodes 8 and 9 should be done only at a comparatively long period of time or very high pulse currents.
- the spacer 13 is contacted on both sides of the entire surface with the respective main electrodes 8 and 9 in order to effect a largely homogeneous current density within the spacer 13.
- increases in the electric field strength, in particular in the rollover area can be avoided.
- FIG. 4 Let us illustrate a basic embodiment of two spark gaps in a cross-sectional view, which are located within a common metallic encapsulation 21.
- Both spark gaps have a common center electrode 9, which is insulated from the flameproof enclosure 21. In the area of the passive spark gap 2, however, there is a low-resistance connection between the center electrode 9 and the main electrode 8 there. In contrast to the representation after Fig. 1 , in which at both spark gaps 1 and 2 in each case the main electrode 8 is in direct contact with the metallic shell 21, at least in one of the spark gaps 1 and 2 as shown Fig. 4 both main electrodes with respect to the jacket or the enclosure 21 isolated.
- Fig. 4 This is the case with the passive spark gap 2.
- main electrodes 8 and 9 which are insulated with respect to the metallic encapsulation 21.
- the insulation of the main electrodes 8 and 9 is preferred over an insulating interruption of the pressure-resistant metallic shell 21 due to a better overload behavior.
- the spark gaps accordingly Fig. 4 own as well as in Fig. 1 represented, opposite venting and pressure equalization openings or channels 6.
- the main electrodes each have at least a distance of substantially 5 mm in both spark gaps 1 and 2.
- the pressure in the discharge region, which is completely or partially enclosed by the insert 13, is up to several 100 bar in the case of impulse and subsequent static discharges. For prospective net sequence currents in the range of> 500 A to several kA, pressures of at least 10 bar are achieved.
- the illustrated series circuit of two spark gaps can basically be extended as desired.
- the series connection of a spark gap with insulation and a quasi-shorted spark gap has compared to two spark gaps, each with isolated separation distance per se the disadvantage that only one separation section provides an immediate consolidation after the current zero crossing.
- the instant solidification voltage is in the range of about 300 V.
- the danger of reignitions In order to be able to work with only one insulation distance, despite this disadvantage, the effect is used that the spark gaps used make use of the pressure increase that forms to delete the secondary current.
- the material of the spacer can be homogeneous, but also inhomogeneous. For example, a radially decreasing conductivity ( Fig. 5a ) will be realized. It is also possible to carry out a segmented conductivity in the periphery down to conductive webs (see Fig. 5b and 5c ).
- the region 1 is a high-impedance region, while the region 2 is low-resistance. If the spacer 13 is made homogeneous, the current density can be determined or adjusted by the electrically conductive contact surface and the positioning of this contact surface.
- the contacts between the spacer 13 and the part 8 are reduced, for example, by a smaller inner radius of the disc or the insulating film on the part 8, less current flows in the spacer 13 until the flashover, since the current density in the interior of the part 13 increases.
- the contact area between the parts 12 and 23 limited only to a limited height and the contact in the circumference, the current density increases in the inner tube region, ie in the discharge region of the spacer 13.
- a lower current density is achieved, for example, at the end-face support of the part 13 on the plate of the electrode holder 14.
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- Spark Plugs (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Funkenstreckenanordnung für höhere Bemessungsspannungen, wobei mindestens zwei, gegenüberliegende Elektroden aufweisende Funkenstrecken in Reihe geschaltet sind und mindestens eine der Funkenstrecken aktiv, d.h. triggerbar ausgeführt ist, für den Einsatz als blitzstromtragfähiger Netzableiter, gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a spark gap arrangement for higher rated voltages, wherein at least two spark gaps having opposite electrodes are connected in series and at least one of the spark gaps is active, i. triggerable, designed for use as a lightning current carrying mains arrester, according to the preamble of
Eine Reihenschaltung von zwei Funkenstrecken für die Begrenzung von Überspannungen in Niederspannungsanlagen, bestehend aus drei Elektroden, wobei für die Schaffung jeder Funkenstrecke zwei dieser Elektroden sich jeweils mit einer Fläche gegenüberliegen und durch eine Isolationsschicht voneinander im Abstand gehalten sind, ist aus der
Aus der
Bei der blitzstromtragfähigen Mehrfachfunkenstrecke nach
Ähnliche Anordnungen mit mehreren Teilfunkenstrecken sind in der
Aus der
Zusammenfassend gehört es zum bekannten Stand der Technik, Funkenstrecken durch Reihenschaltung für den Einsatz bei höheren Bemessungsspannungen zu ertüchtigen. Eine einfache Reihenschaltung führt bei triggerbaren Funkenstrecken neben den erheblichen Kosten zu Einschränkungen hinsichtlich des Schutzpegels sowie der Koordinierbarkeit des Ableiters und erfordert im Regelfall auch eine zusätzliche aufwendige Potentialsteuerung.From the
In summary, it belongs to the known state of the art to make spark gaps suitable for use at higher rated voltages by series connection. A simple series connection leads to triggerable spark gaps in addition to the considerable costs to restrictions in terms of protection level and the coordination of the arrester and usually requires an additional complex potential control.
Aus dem Vorgenannten ist es daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine weiterentwickelte Funkenstreckenanordnung für höhere Bemessungsspannungen anzugeben, wobei mindestens zwei, gegenüberliegende Elektroden aufweisende Funkenstrecken in Reihe geschaltet sind und mindestens eine der Funkenstrecken aktiv, d.h. triggerbar ausgeführt ist. Erfindungsgemäß soll hinsichtlich des Ansprechverhaltens und der Koordination ausschließlich die triggerbare, d.h. aktive Funkenstrecke der Gesamtanordnung dominieren. Bei dem Auftreten von Netzfolgeströmen soll die Anordnung wie eine übliche Reihenschaltung von Funkenstrecken wirken. Die Lichtbogenspannung setzt sich aus den Teilspannungen der beiden Funkenstrecken zusammen und es teilt sich auch nach dem Stromnulldurchgang die wiederkehrende Netzspannung auf die Funkenstrecken auf. Damit gilt es aufgabengemäß, zwischen der getriggerten und der passiven Funkenstrecke eine belastungsabhängige Funktionsteilung zu sichern.From the foregoing, it is therefore an object of the invention to provide a further developed spark gap arrangement for higher rated voltages, wherein at least two, opposing electrodes having spark gaps are connected in series and at least one of the spark gaps active, that is triggerable executed. According to the invention, only the triggerable, ie active spark gap of the overall arrangement should dominate with regard to the response behavior and the coordination. When line sequencers occur, the arrangement should act like a conventional series of spark gaps. The arc voltage is composed of the partial voltages of the two spark gaps and it is divided even after the current zero crossing the recurrent mains voltage on the spark gaps. Thus, it is the task to ensure a load-dependent division of functions between the triggered and the passive spark gap.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch eine Funkenstreckenanordnung gemäß der Merkmalskombination nach Patentanspruch 1, wobei die Unteransprüche mindestens zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen darstellen.The object is achieved by a spark gap arrangement according to the feature combination according to
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Reihenschaltung werden Funkenstrecken eingesetzt, die sich in einer druckfesten Kapselung befinden und welche mindestens eine Druckausgleichsöffnung aufweisen. Weiterhin ist ein den Abstand der Hauptelektroden der passiven Funkenstrecke überbrückender Einsatz vorgesehen, der aus einem niederohmigen Material besteht. Dieses Material verhält sich bei Strombelastung hinsichtlich der abfallenden Restspannung stark nichtlinear.In the series connection according to the invention spark gaps are used, which are located in a flameproof enclosure and which have at least one pressure equalization opening. Furthermore, the distance between the main electrodes of the passive spark gap bridging insert is provided, which consists of a low-resistance material. This material behaves strongly under current load with respect to the decreasing residual voltage nonlinear.
Bei einer ersten Ausführungsvariante wird die Reihenschaltung aus zwei körperlich separierten Funkenstrecken gebildet, wobei eine der Funkenstrecken triggerbar und die zweite Funkenstrecke passiv ausgeführt ist. Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind die Funkenstrecken in einem gemeinsamen, druckfesten, bevorzugt metallischen Gehäuse untergebracht.In a first embodiment variant, the series connection is formed from two physically separated spark gaps, one of the spark gaps being triggerable and the second spark gap being passive. In a further embodiment, the spark gaps are accommodated in a common, pressure-resistant, preferably metallic housing.
Die bevorzugt eingesetzten Funkenstrecken sind rotationssymmetrisch ausgeführt. Die jeweiligen gegenüberliegenden Hauptelektroden umfassen eine Hauptelektrode mit Gasumlenkkanal. Bezüglich der Grundkonstruktion der eingesetzten Funkenstrecken sei auf die Lehre nach Patent
Zwischen den sich gegenüberliegenden Hauptelektroden der mindestens einen passiven Funkenstrecke ist der bereits erwähnte überbrückende, niederohmige Einsatz als bevorzugt rotationssymmetrisches Teil mit zylinderförmiger, den Lichtbogenbrennraum begrenzender Öffnung angeordnet. Die der Hauptelektrode mit Gasumlenkkanal gegenüberliegende Hauptelektrode weist einen Nasenabschnitt oder einen Vorsprung auf, welcher in die zylinderförmige Öffnung, mit der Wandung dieser in Kontakt kommend, eintaucht. Es versteht sich, dass der Nasenabschnitt in seiner Außenkontur komplementär zur Gestalt der zylinderförmigen Öffnung auszubilden ist.Between the opposing main electrodes of the at least one passive spark gap, the bridging, low-impedance insert already mentioned is arranged as a preferably rotationally symmetrical part with a cylindrical opening delimiting the arc combustion chamber. The main electrode opposite the main electrode with the gas deflection channel has a nose portion or a projection which dips into the cylindrical opening, with the wall coming into contact with it. It is understood that the nose portion is to be formed in its outer contour complementary to the shape of the cylindrical opening.
Das niederohmige Material des Einsatzes weist bevorzugt einen Kaltwiderstand von < 100 Ohm auf.The low-resistance material of the insert preferably has a cold resistance of <100 ohms.
Der Einsatz besitzt bei einer Ausführungsvariante eine Hohlzylinderform und liegt mit einer Stirnseite vollflächig an der Hauptelektrode mit Gasumlenkkanal an.The insert has in one embodiment, a hollow cylindrical shape and is located with one end face over the entire surface of the main electrode with Gasumlenkkanal.
Weiterhin besteht die Möglichkeit, dass der bevorzugt hohlzylinderförmige Einsatz mit jeweils einer seiner Stirnseiten jeweils vollflächig in Kontakt mit jeweils einer Hauptelektrode steht.
Bei dieser Ausführungsform erfolgt der Überschlag zwischen den Hauptelektroden erst nach einer vergleichsweise längeren Zeitdauer oder bei sehr hohen Impulsströmen, was insbesondere dann von Interesse ist, wenn die Restspannung der Funkenstrecke bei einer Vielzahl von impulsförmigen Entladungen oberhalb der Nennspannung liegen soll, um einen Netzfolgestrom zu unterbinden.Furthermore, there is the possibility that the preferably hollow-cylindrical insert, in each case with one of its end faces, is in contact with one main electrode in each case over its entire surface.
In this embodiment, the flashover between the main electrodes takes place only after a comparatively longer period of time or at very high pulse currents, which is of particular interest when the residual voltage of the spark gap is to be above the rated voltage for a plurality of pulse-shaped discharges in order to prevent a Netzfolgestrom ,
Der lichte Abstand zwischen den jeweiligen Hauptelektroden der Funkenstrecken ist wesentlich größer als derjenige, wie er im bekannten Stand der Technik bei entsprechenden Reihenschaltungen zu finden ist, und liegt mindestens bei ca. 5 mm.The clear distance between the respective main electrodes of the spark gaps is substantially greater than that which can be found in the known state of the art in corresponding series circuits, and is at least about 5 mm.
Die Druckausgleichsöffnungen sind grundsätzlich in axiale Richtung der rotationssymmetrischen Funkenstrecken orientiert und weisen voneinander weg, um eine unerwünschte Berußung von funktionswichtigen Teilen zu verhindern.The pressure equalization openings are basically oriented in the axial direction of the rotationally symmetric spark gaps and are away from one another in order to prevent unwanted exposure of functionally important parts.
Zwischen dem rotationssymmetrischen Teil mit zylinderförmiger Öffnung und der Hauptelektrode mit Nasenabschnitt kann bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform ein Übergangsteil vorgesehen sein, welches gegenüber dem Einsatz einen höheren Widerstandswert aufweist, jedoch leitfähig ist.Between the rotationally symmetric part with cylindrical opening and the main electrode with nose section, in a further embodiment, a transition part may be provided which has a higher resistance value relative to the insert, but is conductive.
Die geometrische Gestalt des Einsatzes kann in radialer und/oder axialer Richtung zur Einstellung und Variation der Stromdichte Veränderungen unterworfen werden, so dass bei der bevorzugten rotationssymmetrischen Grundkonstruktion und einem gewünschten modulartigen Aufbau durch Austausch des Einsatzes verschiedenartige elektrische Parameter verwirklicht werden können.The geometric shape of the insert can be subjected to changes in the radial and / or axial direction for adjusting and varying the current density, so that in the preferred rotationally symmetrical basic construction and a desired modular structure by replacing the insert various electrical parameters can be realized.
Bei einer Anordnung von zwei Funkenstrecken in einem gemeinsamen, druckfesten Gehäuse ist bevorzugt eine gemeinsame Mittel-Hauptelektrode vorgesehen, welche in diesem Fall gegenüber der Mantelkapselung isoliert ist.In an arrangement of two spark gaps in a common, pressure-resistant housing, a common central main electrode is preferably provided, which in this case is insulated from the jacket encapsulation.
Die Druckausgleichsöffnungen sind axial und gegenüberliegend im Bereich der Außenkontaktierung der jeweiligen Hauptelektrode als Kanäle kleinen Querschnitts zum langsamen Druckabbau des bereits abgekühlten Gases ausgeführt. Auch bezogen auf die Ausbildung der Druckausgleichskanäle und der mäanderförmigen Umlenkung der Gasströmung sei auf die Patentanmeldung
Die externe Triggerschaltung zum Zünden der aktiven Funkenstrecke ist auf die Triggerelektrode dieser aktiven Funkenstrecke und auf die elektrischen Endanschlusspunkte der Reihenschaltung geführt.The external trigger circuit for igniting the active spark gap is guided on the trigger electrode of this active spark gap and on the electrical end connection points of the series connection.
Zusammenfassend gelingt es, mit der vorgestellten Funkenstreckenanordnung Standard-Funkenstrecken in gekapselter, druckfester Ausführung mit Druckausgleichsöffnungen für höhere Nennspannungen durch Reihenschaltung zu ertüchtigen, wobei in einer einfachen Basisvariante nur eine einzige getriggerte Funkenstrecke mit einer einzigen passiven Funkenstrecke in Reihe verschaltet wird. Bei der Erfindungslehre wird die notwendige Folgestrombegrenzung durch die Erhöhung der Lichtbogenfeldstärke infolge der Druckerhöhung bzw. in Kombination mit der Lichtbogenkühlung durch Beströmen des Lichtbogens innerhalb von gekapselten Funkenstrecken erreicht. Dabei betragen die Abstände der Hauptelektroden mindestens 5 mm. Das niederohmige Material des Einsatzes befindet sich innerhalb der passiven Funkenstrecke unmittelbar im Bereich des Lichtbogenkanals und begrenzt radial vollständig oder teilweise den wandstabilisierten Lichtbogen.In summary, it is possible with the proposed spark gap standard standard spark gaps in encapsulated, pressure-resistant design with pressure equalization openings for higher nominal voltages through series connection, in a simple basic variant, only a single triggered spark gap is connected in series with a single passive spark gap. In the teaching of the invention, the necessary follow current limiting is achieved by increasing the arc field strength due to the pressure increase or in combination with the arc cooling by flowing the arc within encapsulated spark gaps. The distances between the main electrodes are at least 5 mm. The low-resistance material of the insert is located within the passive spark gap directly in the region of the arc channel and radially or completely limits the wall-stabilized arc.
Das Material, das den Abstand zwischen den Hauptelektroden der passiven Funkenstrecke überbrückt, weist einen Kaltwiderstand von weniger als 100 Ohm auf und verhält sich bei Strombelastung hinsichtlich der abfallenden Restspannung stark linear, d.h. die Spannung fällt trotz weiter steigendem Strom ab. Das eingesetzte Material kann kurzzeitig impulsförmige Ströme von mehreren kA ohne nachhaltige Schädigung bis zum Überschlagen führen. Die dabei entstehende Restspannung liegt deutlich unter 2 kV. Die Höhe und die Dauer der Restspannung kann zudem über die Beeinflussung der Stromdichteverteilung im Material selbst, durch die geometrische Gestaltung des Einsatzes bzw. aber auch durch eine funktionale Unterteilung aus mehreren Materialien eingestellt bzw. beeinflusst werden.The material that bridges the distance between the main electrodes of the passive spark gap, has a cold resistance of less than 100 ohms and behaves at current load with respect to the falling residual voltage is highly linear, ie the voltage drops despite further increasing current. The material used can momentarily pulse-shaped currents of several kA without lasting damage lead to overturning. The resulting residual voltage is well below 2 kV. The height and the duration of the residual stress can also be set or influenced by influencing the current density distribution in the material itself, by the geometric design of the insert or else by a functional subdivision from a plurality of materials.
Die erfindungsgemäße passive Funkenstrecke beeinflusst nicht das Ansprech-, Koordinations- und Restspannungsverhalten der gesamten Reihenschaltung. Durch die Unterteilung in Teilfunkenstrecken sinkt die thermische und dynamische Belastung jeder Einzelfunkenstrecke und es ergeben sich vielfältige konstruktive Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten. Das Leistungsvermögen des sich aus der Reihenschaltung ergebenden Blitzstromableiters ist hinsichtlich der Folgestrombegrenzung, des Blitzstromtragvermögens und der Alterung verbessert. Gegenüber einer Reihenschaltung von zwei triggerbaren Ableitern ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass sowohl Raum als auch Kosten für die zweite bzw. mehrere Zündeinheiten eingespart werden können. Bei einer üblichen Reihenschaltung von triggerbaren Funkenstrecken muss nämlich entweder eine zeitgleiche Zündung erfolgen, was hohe Anforderungen an die Funkenstrecken, die Triggerschaltung und die Potentialsteuerung stellt, oder es muss die Triggerschaltung die Zündverzugszeiten der einzelnen Funkenstrecken ausgleichen können, da üblicherweise Triggerschaltungen nur einen zeitlich und energetisch begrenzten Zündimpuls liefern. Durch den Einsatz einer oder mehrerer passiver Funkenstrecken in der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform der Reihenschaltung können die Kosten für zusätzliche Zündschaltungen eingespart werden.The inventive passive spark gap does not affect the response, coordination and residual voltage behavior of the entire series connection. The subdivision into partial spark gaps reduces the thermal and dynamic load on each single spark gap and there are many design options. The performance of the series-connected lightning arrester is improved in terms of follow current limiting, lightning current carrying capacity and aging. Compared to a series connection of two triggerable arresters, there is the advantage that both space and costs for the second or multiple ignition units can be saved. In a conventional series connection of triggerable spark gaps namely either a simultaneous ignition must be done, which makes high demands on the spark gaps, the trigger circuit and the potential control, or the trigger circuit must be able to compensate the Zündverzugszeiten the individual spark gaps, since usually trigger circuits only one time and energy provide limited ignition pulse. By using one or more passive spark gaps in the embodiment of the series connection according to the invention, the costs for additional ignition circuits can be saved.
Die Erfindung soll nachstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen sowie unter Zuhilfenahme von Figuren näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments and with the aid of figures.
- Fig. 1Fig. 1
- eine Reihenschaltung einer getriggerten Funkenstrecke und einer passiven, ungetriggerten Funkenstrecke als diskrete Elemente in jeweils druckfester Kapselung;a series connection of a triggered spark gap and a passive, ungetriggered spark gap as discrete elements in each flameproof enclosure;
- Fig. 2Fig. 2
- eine beispielhafte Geometrie einer passiven Funkenstrecke, wie sie für die Reihenschaltung gemäß der Erfindung zur Anwendung kommt;an exemplary geometry of a passive spark gap, as used for the series circuit according to the invention;
- Fig. 3Fig. 3
- eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Geometrie einer passiven Funkenstrecke, wie sie erfindungsgemäß bei der Reihenschaltung zur Anwendung kommt;a further embodiment of a geometry of a passive spark gap, as used according to the invention in the series connection;
- Fig. 4Fig. 4
- eine besonders bauraumsparende Anordnung einer getriggerten und einer passiven Funkenstrecke in einer gemeinsamen, metallischen druckfesten Kapselung mit gegenüberliegenden Druckausgleichsöffnungen in Form von Kanälen kleinen Querschnitts; unda particularly space-saving arrangement of a triggered and a passive spark gap in a common, metallic flameproof enclosure with opposite pressure equalization holes in the form of channels of small cross-section; and
- Fig. 5Fig. 5
- beispielhafte Ausführungsformen des Einsatz- oder Distanzstücks.exemplary embodiments of the insert or spacer.
Die
Die Triggerschaltung 3 der aktiven Funkenstrecke 1 weist einen Anschluss 4 auf, der mit einem Anschluss 5 einer Hauptelektrode 8 der passiven Funkenstrecke 2 in Verbindung steht. Ein weiterer Anschluss der Triggerschaltung 3 führt zur Hauptelektrode 8 der aktiven Funkenstrecke 1, die auch den Triggerkontakt durch eine Isolation 20, herausgeführt aus der druckfesten metallischen Kapselung 21 besitzt.The trigger circuit 3 of the
Druckausgleichsöffnungen 6 der Funkenstrecken 1 und 2 und die Gasströmungsrichtung 7 (Pfeildarstellung) innerhalb der Funkenstrecken 1 und 2 sind entgegengesetzt orientiert.
Beide Funkenstrecken 1 und 2 besitzen jeweils mehrere unabhängige Entlüftungsöffnungen 6 zur besseren Steuerung der Strömung und zur effektiven Abkühlung der beim Zünden und Brennen des Lichtbogens entstehenden Gase. Jeweils eine der Hauptelektroden 8 besitzt eine Öffnung 22, die einen Teil eines Gasumlenkkanals bildet, der in die Druckausgleichsöffnungen 6 übergeht.Both
Die triggerbare Funkenstrecke 1 besitzt zwei Hauptelektroden, nämlich die Hauptelektrode 8 und 9, sowie eine Hilfselektrode 10, die mit dem Triggerkontakt 20 in elektrischer Verbindung steht.The
Weiterhin weist die Funkenstrecke 1 mindestens eine Isolationsstrecke 12 auf, die sich zwischen den Hauptelektroden 8 und 9 dieser Funkenstrecke befindet.Furthermore, the
Auch die passive Funkenstrecke 2 weist zwei Hauptelektroden 8 und 9 auf. Ein als Distanzstück 13 ausgebildeter Einsatz zwischen den Hauptelektroden 8 und 9 der passiven Funkenstrecke ist bevorzugt einstückig aus einem sehr niederohmigen Material gefertigt. Bei einer bevorzugten Geometrie von da = 15 mm, di = 5 mm und h = 5 mm ergibt sich bei einem Prüfstrom von wenigen mA ein Kaltwiderstand von < 100 Ohm.The
Das Distanzstück 13 ist bevorzugt als Hohlzylinder ausgeführt und liegt gemäß der Darstellung nach
Das Distanzstück 13 ist zur Vermeidung von Überschlägen im Kontaktierungsbereich zwischen dem Nasenabschnitt 23 der Hauptelektrode 9 und der tellerförmigen Elektrodenhalterung 14 gegen diese über das Teil 15 isoliert.The
Die Eintauchtiefe des Nasenabschnitts 23 der Elektrode 9 in das Distanzstück 13 steigt mit der gewünschten Höhe der Leistungsfähigkeit des Ableiters und sinkt bei steigender Abbrandfestigkeit des Elektrodenmaterials. Die Eintauchtiefe ist hierbei so bemessen, dass sowohl der axiale Abbrand der Nasenelektrode 9 als auch der radiale Abbrand des Distanzstücks 13 nicht zu einer isolierenden Trennstrecke zwischen den Teilen 13 und 9 führt.
Nach dem Ansprechen der Funkenstrecke 1 bei Impulsbelastung fließt ein Strom bis zu mehreren kA über das Distanzstück 13, bis der Weg zwischen den Elektroden 8 und 9 der passiven Funkenstrecke 2 überschlagen wird. Infolge des nichtlinearen Verhaltens des Materials des Distanzstücks 13 wird nur eine geringe Restspannung über dem Material des Distanzstücks 13 erzeugt, welche den Schutzpegel des gesamten Ableiters nicht erhöht.The immersion depth of the
After the response of the
Aufgrund von Fertigungs- und Materialtoleranzen, Verschmutzungen oder extremer Belastung können jedoch Kontaktprobleme oder ein verändertes Überschlagsverhalten des Distanzstücks 13 auftreten, wodurch sich unerwünschte Rückwirkungen auf die Restspannung des Ableiters ergeben können. Dies kann bei hohen Anforderungen an die Höhe und Dauer der Restspannung des Ableiters durch einen in der Triggerschaltung 3 integrierten Überspannungsfeinschutz und durch die Art der Kontaktierung, welche die passive Funkenstrecke umfasst, ausgeglichen werden.However, due to manufacturing and material tolerances, contamination or extreme stress contact problems or a changed rollover behavior of the
Bei reproduzierbaren Fertigungs- und Materialeigenschaften bzw. nicht besonders hohen Beanspruchungen und/oder geringeren Anforderungen an die Schutzpegel kann die Kontaktierung der Triggereinrichtung auch zwischen den beiden Funkenstrecken, also nur an den Anschlüssen der Funkenstrecke 1, erfolgen.With reproducible manufacturing and material properties or not particularly high stresses and / or lower demands on the protection level, the contacting of the trigger device between the two spark gaps, so only at the terminals of the
Die Höhe und die Dauer des Stroms durch das Distanzstück 13 sowie das Überschlagsverhalten können neben den Materialeigenschaften dieses Teils auch durch die Steuerung der Stromdichte und die Stromverteilung im Distanzstück 13 beeinflusst werden. Dies kann neben der Beeinflussung der Restspannung auch zur Steuerung des Leistungsumsatzes, des Abbrands und der thermischen Belastung der Funkenstrecke und insbesondere des Einsatzstücks 13 genutzt werden. Die Hauptelektroden 8 und 9 der passiven Funkenstrecke 2 können gegenüber dem Distanzstück 13 vollständig oder teilweise isoliert werden. Die partielle Isolation dient der Steuerung des Stromübergangsbereichs, um die Stromdichteverteilung und die Überschlagsgeschwindigkeit zu beeinflussen. Die vollständige Isolation der Elektroden 8 und 9 gegenüber dem Distanzstück 13 dient demselben Ziel, d.h. der Konzentration der Stromdichte im bevorzugten Überschlagsbereich, insbesondere im Innenrohr des Distanzstücks.The height and duration of the current through the
Zusätzlich wird beim Überschlagen der Isolationsstrecke eine Funkenerzeugung realisiert, welche eine Ionisation bewirkt, wodurch der Überschlag gefördert wird. Die Isolation ist jedoch so ausgeführt, dass die Überschlagsspannung die Ansprechspannung und Restspannung der Funkenstrecke nicht beeinflusst. Des weiteren ist die Überschlagsspannung so gering, dass bei anliegender Netzspannung die passive Funkenstrecke ohne Reihenschaltung mit der triggerbaren Funkenstrecke stets ansprechen würde. Damit ist diese quasi durchgesteuert und permanent mit Strom belastet bis zum Abbrand. Hieraus ergibt sich, dass nach dem Zünden der triggerbaren Funkenstrecke die passive Funkenstrecke selbst nur bei Netzspannung Strom führt. Die Isolation ist damit quasi nicht vorhanden und es zündet die passive Funkenstrecke mit isolierten Elektroden ebenso infolge des sofortigen Stromflusses wie ohne Isolation. Die Funktion ist damit identisch. Nur die Stromdichteverteilung und die Ionisation führen zu einem raschen Zünden der Hauptstrecke der passiven Funkenstrecke.In addition, a spark generation is realized during the overturning of the insulation gap, which causes ionization, whereby the flashover is promoted. The isolation, however, is designed so that the Breakover voltage does not affect the response voltage and residual voltage of the spark gap. Furthermore, the flashover voltage is so low that when the mains voltage is applied, the passive spark gap would always respond without series connection with the triggerable spark gap. Thus, this is virtually controlled and permanently loaded with electricity to burn. It follows that after ignition of the triggerable spark gap, the passive spark gap itself only at mains voltage current. The insulation is thus virtually absent and it ignites the passive spark gap with insulated electrodes as well due to the immediate current flow as well as without isolation. The function is identical to this. Only the current density distribution and the ionization lead to a rapid ignition of the main line of the passive spark gap.
Die
Die gezeigten Hauptelektroden 8 und 9 können gegenüber dem Einsatzstück 13 auch isoliert werden, wobei die Überschlagspannung der Isolation jedoch deutlich unterhalb des gewünschten Schutzpegels und auch unterhalb der Restspannung der Triggerschaltung liegen muss.The
Alternativ zu einer Isolation ist ein definierter Übergangsbereich mit einer dünnen und gegenüber dem Distanzstück 13 hochohmigeren, jedoch elektrisch leitenden Schicht 16 möglich. Beide geschilderten Maßnahmen bedingen eine höhere Stromdichte an der quasi Kanalinnenseite des als Hohlzylinder ausgeführten Distanzstücks 13 und führen zu einem beschleunigten Überschlagsverhalten. Zusätzlich wird eine Vorionisation im isolierten bzw. hochohmigeren Bereich bewirkt.As an alternative to insulation, a defined transition region with a thin and with respect to the
Das Distanzstück 13 kann zudem im Umfang des Hohlzylinders sowohl in radialer als auch in axialer Richtung hinsichtlich der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit variiert werden. Hierdurch können neben der Steuerung der elektrischen Stromdichte im Distanzstück 13 auch Effekte einer thermischen Isolation gegenüber den Elektroden 8 und 9 bewirkt werden. Darüber hinaus kann die Variation der Materialien im Entladungskanal der Funktionsteilung dienen bzw. zur Beeinflussung der Temperatur- und Druckfestigkeit sowie der besseren Alterungsqualität und zur Reduzierung des Abbrands genutzt werden.The
Die
Die
Bei dieser Funkenstrecke 2 soll ein Überschlag zwischen den Hauptelektroden 8 und 9 erst bei einer vergleichsweise langen Zeitdauer oder sehr hohen Impulsströmen erfolgen.In this
Dies ist insbesondere dann von Interesse, wenn die Restspannung der Funkenstrecke 2 bei einer Vielzahl von impulsförmigen Entladungen oberhalb der Nennspannung liegen soll, um einen Netzfolgestrom zu unterbinden.This is of particular interest if the residual voltage of the
Zu diesem Zweck wird das Distanzstück 13 an beiden Stirnseiten vollflächig mit den jeweiligen Hauptelektroden 8 und 9 kontaktiert, um eine weitestgehend homogene Stromdichte innerhalb des Distanzstücks 13 zu bewirken. Zusätzlich können Erhöhungen der elektrischen Feldstärke, insbesondere im Überschlagsbereich vermieden werden.For this purpose, the
Mit Hilfe der
Beide Funkenstrecken besitzen eine gemeinsame Mittelelektrode 9, welche gegenüber der druckfesten Kapselung 21 isoliert ist. Im Bereich der passiven Funkenstrecke 2 ist jedoch eine niederohmige Verbindung zwischen der Mittelelektrode 9 zur dortigen Hauptelektrode 8 vorhanden. Im Gegensatz zur Darstellung nach
Gemäß der Darstellung nach
Die Hauptelektroden weisen bei beiden Funkenstrecke 1 und 2 jeweils mindestens einen Abstand von im Wesentlichen 5 mm auf. Der Druck im Entladungsbereich, welcher vom Einsatz 13 vollständig oder teilweise umschlossen wird, beträgt bei Impuls- und Folgestromentladungen bis zu mehreren 100 bar. Bei prospektiven Netzfolgeströmen im Bereich von > 500 A bis zu mehreren kA werden Drücke von mindestens 10 bar erreicht.The main electrodes each have at least a distance of substantially 5 mm in both
Zur Steuerung der Ansprechspannung und zur Zündung der Funkenstrecken ist keine aufwendige und überlastungsgefährdete, externe, zusätzliche kapazitive oder ohmsche Spannungssteuerung erforderlich, welche zudem über den gesamten relevanten Frequenzbereich abgestimmt werden müsste. Die gezeigte Reihenschaltung von zwei Funkenstrecken ist grundsätzlich beliebig erweiterbar.To control the operating voltage and to ignite the spark gaps no complex and overload-endangered, external, additional capacitive or resistive voltage control is required, which would also need to be tuned over the entire relevant frequency range. The illustrated series circuit of two spark gaps can basically be extended as desired.
Die Reihenschaltung aus einer Funkenstrecke mit Isolation und einer quasi kurzgeschlossenen Funkenstrecke besitzt gegenüber zwei Funkenstrecken mit jeweils isolierter Trennstrecke an sich den Nachteil, dass nur eine Trennstrecke eine Sofortverfestigung nach dem Stromnulldurchgang bereitstellt. Die Sofortverfestigungsspannung liegt im Bereich von ca. 300 V. Bei dem Einsatz einer solchen Funkenstrecke bei höheren Betriebsspannungen, insbesondere bei Spannungen über der Sofortverfestigungsspannung besteht die Gefahr von Wiederzündungen. Um ungeachtet dieses Nachteils mit nur einer Isolationsstrecke arbeiten zu können, wird der Effekt genutzt, dass die eingesetzten Funkenstrecken die sich ausbildende Druckerhöhung zur Löschung des Folgestroms nutzen. Durch die Verwendung des Drucks zur Löschung des Folgestroms besteht auch nach dem Stromnulldurchgang, insbesondere bei einem allmählichen Druckabbau, die Möglichkeit, den relativ hohen Druck für die Erhöhung der dielektrischen Spannungsfestigkeit der Trennstrecke wirksam werden zu lassen. Die Spannungsfestigkeit nach dem Stromnulldurchgang kann somit proportional mit der Druckerhöhung gesteigert werden, wodurch Wiederzündungen vermeidbar sind. Dies ermöglicht in überraschender Weise den Einsatz der vorgeschlagenen Funkenstreckenkombination auch bei Nennspannungen deutlich oberhalb der Sofortverfestigungsspannung für eine Trennstrecke.The series connection of a spark gap with insulation and a quasi-shorted spark gap has compared to two spark gaps, each with isolated separation distance per se the disadvantage that only one separation section provides an immediate consolidation after the current zero crossing. The instant solidification voltage is in the range of about 300 V. In the use of such a spark gap at higher operating voltages, in particular at voltages above the instant solidification exists the danger of reignitions. In order to be able to work with only one insulation distance, despite this disadvantage, the effect is used that the spark gaps used make use of the pressure increase that forms to delete the secondary current. By using the pressure to extinguish the follow-on current, even after the current zero crossing, in particular with a gradual pressure reduction, it is possible to make the relatively high pressure effective for increasing the dielectric strength of the separation gap. The voltage resistance after the current zero crossing can thus be increased proportionally with the pressure increase, whereby reignifications are avoidable. This surprisingly allows the use of the proposed spark gap combination even at nominal voltages well above the instantaneous consolidation voltage for a separation line.
Mit Hilfe der
Das Material des Distanzstücks kann homogen, aber auch inhomogen sein. So kann z.B. eine radial abnehmende Leitfähigkeit (
Wenn z.B. gemäß
Wenn sich unter Hinweis auf
If referring to
- 11
- aktive Funkenstreckeactive spark gap
- 22
- passive Funkenstreckepassive spark gap
- 33
- Triggerschaltungtrigger circuit
- 44
- Anschlussconnection
- 55
- Anschluss einer HauptelektrodeConnection of a main electrode
- 66
- DruckausgleichsöffnungPressure equalization port
- 77
- GasströmungsrichtungGas flow direction
- 8; 98th; 9
- Hauptelektrodemain electrode
- 1010
- Hilfselektrodeauxiliary electrode
- 1212
- Isolationsstreckeinsulating gap
- 1313
- Einsatz oder DistanzstückInsert or spacer
- 1414
- tellerförmige Elektrodenhalterungplate-shaped electrode holder
- 1515
- Isolationsteilinsulation part
- 1616
- hochohmigere, elektrisch leitende Schichthigh-resistance, electrically conductive layer
- 2020
- Isolation für TriggerkontaktIsolation for trigger contact
- 2121
- metallische, druckfeste Kapselungmetallic, flameproof enclosure
- 2222
- Öffnung im Gasumlenkbereich einer Hauptelektrode / GasumlenkkanalOpening in Gasumlenkbereich a main electrode / Gasumlenkkanal
- 2323
- Nasenabschnittnose section
Claims (14)
- Spark gap arrangement for higher rated voltages, wherein at least two spark gaps having opposite electrodes are connected in series and at least one of the spark gaps is configured actively, i.e. triggerable, for use as a mains arrester capable of carrying lightning current,
characterized in that
the spark gaps (1; 2) are located in a pressure-resistant encapsulation (21) having at least one pressure compensation opening (6), and an insert (13) bridging the spacing of the main electrodes (8; 9) of the passive spark gap (2) is made of a low-impedance material which, when subjected to an electrical load with respect to the decreasing residual voltage, has a strong non-linear behavior. - Spark gap arrangement according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the spark gaps (1; 2) are each separately enclosed by a pressure-resistant encapsulation (21), wherein the pressure compensation openings (6) are oriented to be facing away from each other. - Spark gap arrangement according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the spark gaps (1; 2) are enclosed by a common pressure-resistant housing (21) which is provided with the pressure-compensation openings (6). - Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the spark gaps (1; 2) are configured rotationally symmetrically and the respective main electrodes (8; 9) are disposed opposite each other and one of the main electrodes (8) comprises a gas deflection channel (22), that further between the opposite main electrodes (8; 9) of the at least one passive spark gap (2) the bridging, low-impedance insert (13) is arranged as a rotationally symmetrical part having a cylindrical opening that delimits the arc combustion chamber, wherein the main electrode (9), which is disposed opposite the main electrode having the gas deflection channel (22), has a nose section (23) which immerses into the cylindrical opening by contacting the wall of the same. - Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the low-impedance material of the insert has a cold resistance value of <100 ohm. - Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the insert (13) preferably has a hollow cylindrical shape and is adjacent with the full surface of one front side to the main electrode having the gas deflection channel (22). - Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the full surface of one of the front sides of the preferably hollow cylindrical insert (13) is in contact with one main electrode (8; 9). - Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the clearance between the respective main electrodes (8; 9) of the spark gaps is in the range of at least 5 mm. - Spark gap arrangement according to one of claims 4 to 8,
characterized in that
the pressure compensation openings (6) are oriented in the axial direction of the rotationally symmetrical spark gaps. - Spark gap arrangement according to claim 4,
characterized in that
a transition part (16) is provided between the rotationally symmetrical part having the cylindrical opening and the main electrode having the nose section (23), which has a higher resistance value as compared to the insert (13) and is conductive. - Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the geometrical shape of the insert (13) can be varied in the radial and/or axial direction so as to adjust the current density. - Spark gap arrangement according to one of claims 3 to 11,
characterized in that
if two spark gaps are arranged in a common pressure-resistant encapsulation (21), a common center main electrode (9) is provided which is insulated with respect to the encapsulation (21). - Spark gap arrangement according to claim 12,
characterized in that
the pressure compensation openings (6) are configured axially and oppositely in the region of the external contacting of the respective main electrodes as small diameter channels for the slow pressure reduction of the already cooled down gas. - Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the external trigger circuit (3) leads to the trigger electrode (10) of the active spark gap (1) and to the electrical end connection points of the series connection.
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PCT/EP2008/063757 WO2009050148A1 (en) | 2007-10-15 | 2008-10-14 | Spark gap arrangement for higher rated voltages |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL7316628A (en) * | 1973-12-04 | 1975-06-06 | Coq Bv | HIGH VOLTAGE OVERVOLTAGE DEVICE. |
SE458894B (en) | 1987-09-04 | 1989-05-16 | Asea Ab | DEVICE FOR OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION |
DE3914624A1 (en) | 1989-05-03 | 1990-11-08 | Dehn & Soehne | Arcing unit for overload protection - has two part arc paths in series to provide protection |
DE4240138C2 (en) | 1992-11-28 | 1995-05-24 | Dehn & Soehne | Arrangement capable of carrying lightning current with at least two spark gaps connected in series |
DE10230827A1 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2004-02-05 | Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Spark gap capable of carrying lightning current |
DE102004006988B4 (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2014-02-06 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Spark-gap overvoltage protection device comprising at least two main electrodes located in a pressure-tight housing |
DE102005024658B4 (en) | 2005-05-30 | 2007-02-15 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Encapsulated, flameproof, non-hermetically sealed, rotationally symmetric high-performance spark gap |
FI121765B (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2011-03-31 | Alstom Grid Oy | Method and arrangement for triggering the spark gap |
-
2008
- 2008-09-29 DE DE102008049471A patent/DE102008049471A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-10-14 AT AT08831279T patent/ATE456875T1/en active
- 2008-10-14 EP EP08831279A patent/EP2074686B1/en active Active
- 2008-10-14 DE DE502008000350T patent/DE502008000350D1/en active Active
- 2008-10-14 WO PCT/EP2008/063757 patent/WO2009050148A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE456875T1 (en) | 2010-02-15 |
DE502008000350D1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
EP2074686A1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
DE102008049471A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
WO2009050148A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
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