EP2606542B1 - Arrangement for igniting spark gaps - Google Patents

Arrangement for igniting spark gaps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2606542B1
EP2606542B1 EP11748299.2A EP11748299A EP2606542B1 EP 2606542 B1 EP2606542 B1 EP 2606542B1 EP 11748299 A EP11748299 A EP 11748299A EP 2606542 B1 EP2606542 B1 EP 2606542B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
electrode
arrangement according
trigger electrode
main
ignition
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2606542A1 (en
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Stephan Hierl
Michael Waffler
Uwe Strangfeld
Arnd Ehrhardt
Stefanie Schreiter
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Dehn SE and Co KG
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Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL14188577T priority Critical patent/PL2827462T3/en
Priority to SI201130415T priority patent/SI2606542T1/en
Priority to PL11748299T priority patent/PL2606542T3/en
Priority to EP14188577.2A priority patent/EP2827462B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
    • H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for igniting spark gaps with a located on or in one of the main electrodes, opposite this main electrode trigger electrode, wherein the trigger electrode is electrically connected to the other main electrode via at least one voltage switching or voltage monitoring element and between the trigger electrode and the other main electrode an air gap, according to claim 1.
  • Spark gaps can be differentiated in terms of their behavior as breakdown or sliding spark gaps. Such spark gap are triggered, but also ungetriggered executable. In the case of triggered spark gaps, at least one trigger electrode exists in addition to the main electrodes. The ignition in triggered spark gaps, for example, via the use of an ignition transformer with the result of a high operating voltage of the corresponding well-insulated trigger electrode.
  • triggered spark gaps have a controllable response.
  • a trigger voltage can be applied.
  • the main spark gap between the main electrodes is ignited.
  • an ignition transformer is used, which is part of the trigger device.
  • the use of an ignition transformer requires a considerable amount of space.
  • the size of the ignition voltage generated on the secondary side in the ignition transformer is dependent on the primary-side current change di / dt. If this current pulse does not have sufficient slope, the secondary voltage does not suffice to ignite the spark gap. This means that the overvoltage protection device remains inactive despite the overvoltage that has occurred.
  • An alternative way to control spark gaps is that the trigger electrode is in communication with one of the main electrodes.
  • an ignition transformer can be omitted.
  • these solutions of the prior art between a main electrode and the trigger electrode triggers a sliding discharge, which reaches the other main electrode after a certain time.
  • Such trigger electrodes have permanent electrical contact with one of the two main electrodes. This means that there is no galvanic separation of the main potentials. For this reason, a voltage-switching component, eg in the form of a gas arrester, must be connected in the triggering circuit.
  • a voltage-switching component eg in the form of a gas arrester
  • the overvoltage protection device on the spark gap basis DE 10 2004 006 988 A1 comprises at least two main electrodes located in a pressure-tight housing and at least one auxiliary starting electrode. Housing volume houses a function module to reduce the spark gap response associated with one of the main electrodes and the auxiliary ignition electrode.
  • the function module for reducing the operating voltage of the spark gap consists of a series connection of a voltage-switching element, an impedance and an isolating distance located outside the arc combustion chamber, wherein the separation distance is formed by the distance of the auxiliary ignition electrode to the nearest main electrode.
  • the ignition after DE 102 45 144 B3 has an auxiliary electrode which is in communication with an ignition device.
  • This ignition device has a non-linear, temperature-dependent resistor with a positive temperature coefficient. The increase in resistance of this temperature-dependent resistor controls the ignition and extinguishing behavior when the spark gap is loaded.
  • spark gap with trigger electrode is a minimization of the flashover distance in the ignition range, whereby the ignition pulse of the power fails weakly.
  • the length of the arc is therefore in practice only a few 1/10 millimeters.
  • the pilot arc must continue to burn in the area of the spark gap until the space between the main electrodes is completely ionized and the arc can roll over to the second main electrode.
  • the trigger electrode is charged very long and energetic.
  • the entire leakage current over a relatively long period of time over the auxiliary ignition electrode This has the consequence that particularly erosion-resistant and therefore expensive materials must be used.
  • the voltage drop across the trigger branch with voltage-switching and voltage-limiting elements present there is in many cases so great that the maximum protection level required in practice can not be realized.
  • the trigger electrode T with an insulation path I and a layer of a material M with lower conductivity than the material of one of the main electrodes H1, H2 forms a sandwich structure, wherein these a layer dielectric in the series connection of a partial capacitance C I with the dielectric of the isolation path I and a second partial capacitance C M with the material M as a dielectric.
  • the partial capacitances C I and C M should be selected to be particularly small, which immediately sparking is achieved in the spark gap.
  • the isolation path is formed as a thin film or paint layer.
  • the thickness of the insulation gap is only a few hundredths of a millimeter.
  • the material M of the sandwich structure has a much lower conductivity than the material of one of the main electrodes and is e.g. made of a plastic containing conductive particles, e.g. made of carbon or metallic particles.
  • the material M can also be performed overlapping with respect to the adjacent layers, so that the path from the trigger electrode to the nearest main electrode is increased again and the number of charge carriers of the pilot arc plasma increases.
  • the sandwich structure may have a step-like structure, wherein the trigger electrode T a wider insulation gap I and this one with respect to the insulation section I in turn wider layer of the material M follows.
  • This sandwich structure can also be constructed stepwise symmetrical.
  • the sandwich structure may consist of a lacquer-insulated printed circuit board or elements of such
  • Circuit board include. This may be a foil printed circuit board or a printed circuit board made of a rigid carrier material.
  • FIG. 1 shows two substantially opposed main electrodes H1 and H2 with an air dielectric medium therebetween.
  • the greatly enlarged representation of the ignition arrangement comprises an electrically conductive trigger electrode T, which is covered by an insulation path I in the direction of the main electrode H2.
  • the insulation gap I is followed by a layer of a material M with a low conductivity. The layer from the material M rests on the surface of the second main electrode H2.
  • a external elements between trigger electrode T and main electrode H1 can be switched.
  • the means provided there may e.g. Include gas discharge, varistors, diodes or similar elements.
  • Fig. 1 The overall arrangement as shown by Fig. 1 is designed so that it comes first to a rollover or flashover between the trigger electrode T and the main electrode H2. A breakdown to the main electrode H1 is not available in this state. In order to ensure the above-mentioned behavior, there is an air gap between the trigger electrode T and the surface of the main electrode H1. Very important for the effect, in particular for the rapid response of the ignition device and thus the function of the spark gap is the distribution of the present parasitic capacitances of the components involved in the ignition process.
  • the capacitance C A for the drive components in the connection A and the capacitance Cp for the components of the actual ignition arrangement are in series.
  • the ignition arrangement of the insulation section I and the poorly conductive material M forms a layer dielectric, ie a dielectric of materials with different insulation resistances.
  • the capacitance C A is greater than the partial capacitance C M or as the partial capacitance C I.
  • the insulation layer is made very thin according to the invention.
  • the insulating layer I is carried out as a film or paint layer on the trigger electrode T and thus can be kept very thin, preferably a few 1/100 millimeters. It therefore determines this isolation layer primarily the response of the overall arrangement.
  • the choice of the material for the layer M has a direct influence on the ignition speed and the resulting behavior of the total spark gap.
  • an extension of the pilot arc is effected by extending the direct flashover distance from the trigger electrode T to the main electrode H2.
  • the plasma jet or plasma beam is produced at arcs in the base point region on both electrodes.
  • This beam leads to a strong and fast targeted movement of ionized gases and charge carriers.
  • this transport can be used to significantly accelerate the ignition of the main line between the electrodes H1 and H2, whereby the load on the trigger electrode T, the stratification I and M and also the components in the connection A is reduced and the residual voltage of the spark gap sinks.
  • the plasma jet effect is further characterized by the expression of a preferred direction of ionized gas flow.
  • measures can be taken which, on the one hand, influence the formation of the jet, but also the direction, so that the effect of a rapid ignition of the main route arises.
  • the proposed beam with its very effective ionization of air distances is particularly suitable, which in turn ensures effective operation of a Hörnerfunkenumble.
  • electrode materials are used which cool the arc well in the base region. This promotes the contraction of the arc root. Strongly contracted feet are an optimal prerequisite for strong plasma jets.
  • the contraction of the arc and its retention time can be influenced. Due to the strongly contracted arc root points, the movement of the arc due to the intrinsic magnetic forces can be strongly and selectively changed.
  • the electrode arrangement and the intermediate layers I and M results in a preferred orientation of the otherwise very stochastic plasma jets.
  • the choice of material and the intermediate layers, for example, suitable for gas delivery, not only affects the orientation of the plasma jet by the then resulting foreign flow, but it can the total flow intensity and the gas composition of the jet and the accompanying flow directly be changed.
  • the trigger electrode is formed in one embodiment of a copper material, causing a strong cooling of the foot. This makes it possible to make the trigger electrode dimensionally very thin, whereby the cartetician bemesser and the migration of the arc is limited.
  • the layers I and M can be designed to the electrodes T and H2 so that the material influences the basic alignment possibilities and the gas flow of the plasma jet.
  • the migration of the foot of the arc Due to the forced length of the pilot arc between T and H2 and optionally a forced deflection of the pilot arc by a heel in the desired direction, the thermal buoyancy and the intrinsic magnetic force can be used for targeted looping by arc expansion or targeted migration after a corresponding Verarrzeit with plausibleyak ,
  • the plasma jets are formed on both electrodes, it comes in strong jet formations in short or angled arrangements for the meeting of the single streams. This results in directly meeting similar strong currents on a common axis to a so-called Plasmateller, which bulges out strongly on both sides and ionizes the entire environment, i. also the gap to H2.
  • Plasmateller which bulges out strongly on both sides and ionizes the entire environment, i. also the gap to H2.
  • the jet streams try to dodge sideways side by side.
  • this condition is very unstable, so that the direction of evasion constantly changes. With a lateral boundary through chamber walls, this effect is amplified. Finally, a better and faster ionization of the gap is also to be seen here.
  • FIG. 4 The side view after Fig. 4 allows the stair-step-like layer sequence main electrode H2, layer of poorly conductive material M, insulation distance I and trigger electrode T recognize.
  • An embedding of the trigger electrode T and laterally delimiting with the insulating layer material I represents a non-mandatory alternative of the development of the ignition arrangement.
  • the thin insulation gap I between the trigger electrode T and the layer of poorly conductive material M can preferably be realized by printed circuit boards.
  • the trigger electrode T then corresponds to the applied conductor track and the insulation layer I of the overlying lacquer layer, wherein an end-side section remains free of lacquer.
  • This may be a flexible printed circuit board with a foil carrier material or even a rigid printed circuit board, wherein the printed circuit board carrier material may be the material with the poorer conductivity M.
  • a poorly conductive material should be less conductive than copper.
  • Conceivable are conductive plastics or conductive ceramics.
  • a material with high surface conductivity and high volume resistance is used here. Materials with high volume resistivity tend to form currents on its surface rather than flow through the volume.
  • a conductive plastic whose electrical resistance in the ignition region is> 10 ⁇ and ⁇ 100 k ⁇ .
  • the ignition effect is at a resistance of one k ⁇ to 2/10 mm thickness of the material.
  • the resistance value of this plane changes, whereby the arc length can be controlled by the thickness of the poorly conductive material.
  • Fig. 5 shows a practically realized embodiment of the solution according to the invention with horn electrodes and special ignition range, which in the Fig. 6 is shown in detail.
  • horn electrodes and special ignition range which in the Fig. 6 is shown in detail.
  • the same reference numerals have been used in the foregoing description.

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  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zur Zündung von Funkenstrecken mit einer an oder in einer der Hauptelektroden befindlichen, gegenüber dieser Hauptelektrode isolierten Triggerelektrode, wobei die Triggerelektrode mit der weiteren Hauptelektrode über mindestens ein spannungsschaltendes oder spannungsüberwachendes Element elektrisch verbunden ist und zwischen der Triggerelektrode und der weiteren Hauptelektrode ein Luftspalt besteht, gemäß Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to an arrangement for igniting spark gaps with a located on or in one of the main electrodes, opposite this main electrode trigger electrode, wherein the trigger electrode is electrically connected to the other main electrode via at least one voltage switching or voltage monitoring element and between the trigger electrode and the other main electrode an air gap, according to claim 1.

US 6 977 468 offenbart den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. US 6,977,468 discloses the preamble of claim 1.

Funkenstrecken lassen sich hinsichtlich ihres Verhaltens als Durchschlag- oder Gleitfunkenstrecken differenzieren. Derartige Funkenstrecke sind getriggert, aber auch ungetriggert ausführbar. Bei getriggerten Funkenstrecken existiert neben den Hauptelektroden mindestens eine Triggerelektrode. Die Zündung bei getriggerten Funkenstrecken erfolgt beispielsweise über den Einsatz eines Zündtransformators mit der Folge einer hohen Ansprechspannung der entsprechend gut isolierten Triggerelektrode.Spark gaps can be differentiated in terms of their behavior as breakdown or sliding spark gaps. Such spark gap are triggered, but also ungetriggered executable. In the case of triggered spark gaps, at least one trigger electrode exists in addition to the main electrodes. The ignition in triggered spark gaps, for example, via the use of an ignition transformer with the result of a high operating voltage of the corresponding well-insulated trigger electrode.

Bei einer Alternative besteht die Möglichkeit, durch eine besondere Anordnung der Triggerelektrode bezüglich der Hauptelektrode ohne Zündtransformator die Zündung einzuleiten. Dabei wird In vielen Fällen für eine leitfähige Verbindung zwischen der Triggerelektrode und der Hauptelektrode gesorgt.In an alternative, it is possible to initiate the ignition by a special arrangement of the trigger electrode with respect to the main electrode without ignition transformer. In many cases, a conductive connection between the trigger electrode and the main electrode is provided.

Grundsätzlich gilt, dass getriggerte Funkenstrecken über ein steuerbares Ansprechverhalten verfügen.Basically, triggered spark gaps have a controllable response.

Bei der druckfest gekapselten Funkenstreckenanordnung zum Ableiten von schädlichen Störgrößen durch Überspannungen nach DE 200 20 771 U1 ist unmittelbar über ein dort vorhandenes leitfähiges Gehäuse zur Bildung einer Teilfunkenstrecke im Entladungsraum eine Triggerspannung anlegbar. Über die Teilfunkenstrecke wird dann die Hauptfunkenstrecke zwischen den Hauptelektroden gezündet. Darüber hinaus kommt ein Zündtransformator zum Einsatz, der Bestandteil der Triggereinrichtung ist.In the case of the explosion-proof spark gap arrangement for deriving harmful disturbances due to overvoltages DE 200 20 771 U1 is directly on a there existing conductive housing to form a partial spark gap in the discharge space, a trigger voltage can be applied. About the partial spark gap then the main spark gap between the main electrodes is ignited. In addition, an ignition transformer is used, which is part of the trigger device.

Der Einsatz eines Zündtransformators bedingt jedoch einen nicht unerheblichen Bauraum. Darüber hinaus ist die Größe der im Zündtransformator sekundärseitig generierten Zündspannung von der primarseitigen Stromänderung di/dt abhängig. Wenn dieser Stromimpuls nicht über eine ausreichende Steilheit verfügt, genügt die sekundärseitig auftretende Spannung nicht, um die Funkenstrecke durchzuzünden. Dies bedeutet, dass die Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung trotz der aufgetretenen Überspannung inaktiv bleibt.However, the use of an ignition transformer requires a considerable amount of space. In addition, the size of the ignition voltage generated on the secondary side in the ignition transformer is dependent on the primary-side current change di / dt. If this current pulse does not have sufficient slope, the secondary voltage does not suffice to ignite the spark gap. This means that the overvoltage protection device remains inactive despite the overvoltage that has occurred.

Eine alternative Möglichkeit, Funkenstrecken anzusteuern, besteht darin, dass die Triggerelektrode mit einer der Hauptelektroden in Verbindung steht. Hier kann ein Zündtransformator entfallen. Während des Zündvorgangs wird bei diesen Lösungen des Standes der Technik zwischen einer Hauptelektrode und der Triggerelektrode eine Gleitentladung ausgelöst, die nach einer bestimmten Zeit die weitere Hauptelektrode erreicht.An alternative way to control spark gaps is that the trigger electrode is in communication with one of the main electrodes. Here, an ignition transformer can be omitted. During the ignition process, these solutions of the prior art between a main electrode and the trigger electrode triggers a sliding discharge, which reaches the other main electrode after a certain time.

Eine solche Lösung ist in der DE 101 46 728 B4 offenbart. Bei dieser Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung ist an die beiden Hauptelektroden die Reihenschaltung eines Spannungsschaltelements und eines Zündelements angeschlossen. Die Ansprechspannung des Spannungsschaltelements liegt unterhalb der Ansprechspannung der Durchschlag-Funkenstrecke. An der Kontaktstelle zwischen dem Zündelement und der dem Zündelement zugeordneten Elektrode ist ein Übergangswiderstand gegeben. Beim Ansprechen des Spannungsschaltelements fließt zunächst ein Ableitstrom über das Zündelement, wobei das dortige Zündelement derart ausgebildet ist, dass bei größeren Ableitströmen wegen des Übergangswiderstands an der Kontaktstelle Entladungen entstehen, die zu einer Vorionisation des die Kontaktstelle umgebenden Kontaktbereichs führen.Such a solution is in the DE 101 46 728 B4 disclosed. In this overvoltage protection device, the series connection of a voltage switching element and an ignition element is connected to the two main electrodes. The response voltage of the voltage switching element is below the response voltage of the breakdown spark gap. At the contact point between the ignition element and the ignition element associated electrode, a contact resistance is given. When the voltage switching element responds, a leakage current initially flows via the ignition element, the ignition element being designed in such a way that discharges occur at larger leakage currents because of the contact resistance at the contact point, leading to a pre-ionization of the contact region surrounding the contact point.

Derartige Triggerelektroden haben permanent elektrischen Kontakt zu einer der beiden Hauptelektroden. Dies bedeutet, dass keine galvanische Trennung der Hauptpotentiale vorliegt. Aus diesem Grunde muss in den Triggerstromkreis ein spannungsschaltendes Bauteil, z.B. in Form eines Gasableiters, geschaltet werden. Eine Weiterbildung gegenüber den Lösungsansätzen mit direkt elektrisch leitfähig kontaktierter Triggerelektrode an einer oder mehreren Hauptelektroden ist in der DE 10 2004 006 988 A1 bzw. der DE 102 45 144 B3 gezeigt.Such trigger electrodes have permanent electrical contact with one of the two main electrodes. This means that there is no galvanic separation of the main potentials. For this reason, a voltage-switching component, eg in the form of a gas arrester, must be connected in the triggering circuit. A development over the approaches with directly electrically conductive contacted trigger electrode to one or more main electrodes is in the DE 10 2004 006 988 A1 or the DE 102 45 144 B3 shown.

Die Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung auf Funkenstreckenbasis nach DE 10 2004 006 988 A1 umfasst mindestens zwei in einem druckdichten Gehäuse befindliche Hauptelektroden sowie mindestens eine Zündhilfselektrode. Im Gehäusevolumen ist eine Funktionsbaugruppe zur Reduzierung der Ansprechspannung der Funkenstrecke untergebracht, weiche mit einer der Hauptelektroden und der Zündhilfselektrode in Verbindung steht.The overvoltage protection device on the spark gap basis DE 10 2004 006 988 A1 comprises at least two main electrodes located in a pressure-tight housing and at least one auxiliary starting electrode. Housing volume houses a function module to reduce the spark gap response associated with one of the main electrodes and the auxiliary ignition electrode.

Die Funktionsbaugruppe zum Reduzieren der Ansprechspannung der Funkenstrecke besteht aus einer außerhalb des Lichtbogen-Brennraums befindlichen Reihenschaltung eines spannungsschaltenden Elements, einer Impedanz und einer Trennstrecke, wobei die Trennstrecke durch den Abstand der Zündhilfselektrode zur nächstliegenden Hauptelektrode gebildet ist. Beim Auftreten einer Überspannung, welche die Summe der Ansprechspannungen des Schaltelements und der Trennstrecke übersteigt, fließt ein Strom von der ersten Hauptelektrode zur zweiten Hauptelektrode mit der Folge, dass der die Trennstrecke überbrückende Lichtbogen Ladungsträger zur sofortigen Ionisation der Trennstrecke zwischen den Hauptelektroden bereitstellt.The function module for reducing the operating voltage of the spark gap consists of a series connection of a voltage-switching element, an impedance and an isolating distance located outside the arc combustion chamber, wherein the separation distance is formed by the distance of the auxiliary ignition electrode to the nearest main electrode. When an overvoltage occurs, which exceeds the sum of the operating voltages of the switching element and the isolating distance, a current flows from the first main electrode to the second main electrode, with the result that the arc bridging the isolating gap provides charge carriers for immediate ionization of the separating path between the main electrodes.

Die Zündeinrichtung nach DE 102 45 144 B3 weist eine Hilfselektrode auf, die mit einer Zündeinrichtung in Verbindung steht. Diese Zündeinrichtung besitzt einen nichtlinearen, temperaturabhängigen Widerstand mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten. Die Widerstandserhöhung dieses temperaturabhängigen Widerstands steuert bei Belastung der Funkenstrecke das Zünd- und Löschverhalten.The ignition after DE 102 45 144 B3 has an auxiliary electrode which is in communication with an ignition device. This ignition device has a non-linear, temperature-dependent resistor with a positive temperature coefficient. The increase in resistance of this temperature-dependent resistor controls the ignition and extinguishing behavior when the spark gap is loaded.

Bei der vorstehend geschilderten Funkenstrecke mit Triggerelektrode liegt eine Minimierung der Überschlagsstrecke im Zündbereich vor, wodurch der Zündimpuls der Leistung schwach ausfällt. Die Länge des Lichtbogens liegt daher in der Praxis nur bei wenigen 1/10 Millimetern. Der Zündlichtbogen muss weiterhin im Bereich der Zündfunkenstrecke so lange brennen, bis der Raum zwischen den Hauptelektroden vollständig ionisiert ist und der Lichtbogen auf die zweite Hauptelektrode überschlagen kann. Hierdurch wird die Triggerelektrode sehr lang und energiereich belastet. Es besteht außerdem die Gefahr, dass während des Zündvorgangs der komplette Ableitstrom über einen relativ langen Zeitraum über die Zündhilfselektrode fließt. Dies hat zur Folge, dass besonders abbrandfeste und damit teure Materialien eingesetzt werden müssen. Letztendlich ist der Spannungsabfall über dem Triggerzweig mit dort vorhandenen spannungsschaltenden und spannungsbegrenzenden Elementen in vielen Fällen so groß, dass der in der Praxis geforderte maximale Schutzpegel nicht realisierbar ist.In the above-described spark gap with trigger electrode is a minimization of the flashover distance in the ignition range, whereby the ignition pulse of the power fails weakly. The length of the arc is therefore in practice only a few 1/10 millimeters. The pilot arc must continue to burn in the area of the spark gap until the space between the main electrodes is completely ionized and the arc can roll over to the second main electrode. As a result, the trigger electrode is charged very long and energetic. There is also the risk that during the ignition process, the entire leakage current over a relatively long period of time over the auxiliary ignition electrode. This has the consequence that particularly erosion-resistant and therefore expensive materials must be used. Finally, the voltage drop across the trigger branch with voltage-switching and voltage-limiting elements present there is in many cases so great that the maximum protection level required in practice can not be realized.

Aus dem Vorgenannten ist es daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine weiterentwickelte Anordnung zur Zündung von Funkenstrecken mit einer an oder in einer der Hauptelektroden befindlichen, gegenüber diesen Hauptelektroden isolierten Triggerelektrode anzugeben, wobei das Ansprechverhalten in einem großen Bereich vorgebbar sein soll und kostengünstige Materialien eingesetzt werden können, ohne dass die Betriebszuverlässigkeit und Langzeitstabilität einer derart ausgerüsteten Funkenstrecke leidet.From the foregoing, it is therefore an object of the invention to provide a further developed arrangement for igniting spark gaps with a located on or in one of the main electrodes, opposite these main electrodes insulated trigger electrode, the response should be predeterminable in a wide range and cost-effective materials can be used without suffering the operational reliability and long-term stability of such equipped spark gap.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe der Erfindung erfolgt durch eine Anordnung zur Zündung von Funkenstrecken gemäß der Merkmalskombination nach Patentanspruch 1, wobei die Unteransprüche mindestens zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen darstellen.The object of the invention is achieved by an arrangement for the ignition of spark gaps according to the combination of features according to claim 1, wherein the dependent claims represent at least expedient refinements and developments.

Es wird demnach von einer Anordnung zur Zündung von Funkenstrecken mit einer an oder in einer der Hauptelektroden H2 befindlichen, gegenüber dieser Hauptelektrode H2 isolierten Triggerelektrode T ausgegangen, wobei die Triggerelektrode T mit der weiteren Hauptelektrode H1 über mindestens ein spannungsschaltendes oder spannungsüberwachendes Element elektrisch verbunden ist und zwischen der Triggerelektrode T und der weiteren Hauptelektrode H1 ein Luftspalt besteht.It is therefore assumed that an arrangement for igniting spark gaps with a located on or in one of the main electrodes H2, opposite this main electrode H2 trigger electrode T, wherein the trigger electrode T is electrically connected to the other main electrode H1 via at least one voltage switching or voltage monitoring element and there is an air gap between the trigger electrode T and the other main electrode H1.

Erfindungsgemäß bildet die Triggerelektrode T mit einer Isolationsstrecke I und einer Schicht aus einem Material M mit geringerer Leitfähigkeit als das Material einer der Hauptelektroden H1, H2 eine Sandwichstruktur, wobei diese ein Schichtdielektrikum in der Reihenschaltung einer Teilkapazität CI mit dem Dielektrikum der Isolationsstrecke I und einer zweiten Teilkapazität CM mit dem Material M als Dielektrikum darstellt. Die Teilkapazitäten CI und CM sollen besonders klein gewählt werden, wodurch sofort eine Funkenbildung in der Funkenstrecke erreicht wird.According to the invention, the trigger electrode T with an insulation path I and a layer of a material M with lower conductivity than the material of one of the main electrodes H1, H2 forms a sandwich structure, wherein these a layer dielectric in the series connection of a partial capacitance C I with the dielectric of the isolation path I and a second partial capacitance C M with the material M as a dielectric. The partial capacitances C I and C M should be selected to be particularly small, which immediately sparking is achieved in the spark gap.

In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Isolationsstrecke als eine dünne Folien- oder Lackschicht ausgebildet.In one embodiment of the invention, the isolation path is formed as a thin film or paint layer.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt die Dicke der Isolationsstrecke nur wenige hundertstel Millimeter.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the insulation gap is only a few hundredths of a millimeter.

Das Material M der Sandwichstruktur besitzt eine vielfach schlechtere Leitfähigkeit als das Material einer der Hauptelektroden und ist z.B. aus einem Kunststoff bestehend, der leitfähige Partikel, z.B. aus Kohlenstoff, oder metallische Partikel aufweist.The material M of the sandwich structure has a much lower conductivity than the material of one of the main electrodes and is e.g. made of a plastic containing conductive particles, e.g. made of carbon or metallic particles.

Über die Dicke der Schicht aus dem Material M erfolgt erfindungsgemäß eine Verlängerung des Zündlichtbogens. Ergänzend oder alternativ kann das Material M auch bezogen auf die benachbarten Schichten überlappend ausgeführt werden, so dass der Weg von der Triggerelektrode zur nächstliegenden Hauptelektrode nochmals vergrößert wird und die Zahl der Ladungsträger des Zündlichtbogenplasmas steigt.About the thickness of the layer of the material M is carried out according to the invention an extension of the pilot arc. Additionally or alternatively, the material M can also be performed overlapping with respect to the adjacent layers, so that the path from the trigger electrode to the nearest main electrode is increased again and the number of charge carriers of the pilot arc plasma increases.

In diesem Sinn kann die Sandwichstruktur einen stufenförmigen Aufbau besitzen, wobei der Triggerelektrode T eine breitere Isolationsstrecke I und dieser eine bezogen auf die Isolationsstrecke I wiederum breitere Schicht aus dem Material M folgt.In this sense, the sandwich structure may have a step-like structure, wherein the trigger electrode T a wider insulation gap I and this one with respect to the insulation section I in turn wider layer of the material M follows.

Diese Sandwichstruktur kann auch stufenförmig symmetrisch aufgebaut werden.This sandwich structure can also be constructed stepwise symmetrical.

Bei einer bevorzugten technischen Umsetzung kann die Sandwichstruktur aus einer lackisolierten Leiterplatte bestehen oder Elemente einer solchenIn a preferred technical implementation, the sandwich structure may consist of a lacquer-insulated printed circuit board or elements of such

Leiterplatte umfassen. Dabei kann es sich um eine Folienleiterplatte oder eine Leiterplatte aus einem starren Trägermaterial handeln.Circuit board include. This may be a foil printed circuit board or a printed circuit board made of a rigid carrier material.

Die Erfindung soll nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Zuhilfenahme von Figuren näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment with the aid of figures.

Hierbei zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Prinzipdarstellung der Anordnung zur Zündung einer Funkenstrecke, umfassend zwei Hauptelektroden sowie eine Triggerelektrode;
Fig. 2
eine Darstellung des sich ergebenden kapazitiven Spannungsteilers der Anordnung nach Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
eine Darstellung des Schichtdielektrikums der Zündanordnung;
Fig. 4
eine Draufsicht sowie eine Seitenansicht einer speziellen Geometrie der Zündanordnung mit gewünschter Verlängerung des Zündlichtbogens zum Initiieren eines verstärkten Lichtbogenplasmas in die Elektrodenanordnung zwischen den Hauptelektroden;
Fig. 5
eine Darstellung einer realisierten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung mit Hauptelektroden in Hörnerform und Deionkammer, dargestellt ohne Abdeckteil, und
Fig. 6
eine Detaildarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung zur Zündung einer Hörnerfunkenstrecke.
Hereby show:
Fig. 1
a schematic diagram of the arrangement for igniting a spark gap, comprising two main electrodes and a trigger electrode;
Fig. 2
a representation of the resulting capacitive voltage divider of the arrangement according to Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 3
a representation of the layer dielectric of the igniter assembly;
Fig. 4
a plan view and a side view of a special geometry of the ignition assembly with a desired extension of the Zündlichtbogens for initiating a reinforced arc plasma in the electrode assembly between the main electrodes;
Fig. 5
a representation of a realized embodiment of the inventive arrangement with main electrodes in horn shape and Deionkammer, shown without cover, and
Fig. 6
a detailed representation of the inventive arrangement for igniting a horn spark gap.

Die Darstellung nach Fig. 1 zeigt zwei im Wesentlichen gegenüberliegende Hauptelektroden H1 und H2 mit einem dazwischen befindlichen Luft-dielektrikum.The representation after Fig. 1 shows two substantially opposed main electrodes H1 and H2 with an air dielectric medium therebetween.

Die stark vergrößerte Darstellung der Zündanordnung umfasst eine elektrisch leitfähige Triggerelektrode T, die von einer Isolationsstrecke I in Richtung Hauptelektrode H2 bedeckt ist. Der Isolationsstrecke I folgt eine Schicht aus einem Material M mit einer geringen Leitfähigkeit. Die Schicht aus dem Material M liegt auf der Oberfläche der zweiten Hauptelektrode H2 auf.The greatly enlarged representation of the ignition arrangement comprises an electrically conductive trigger electrode T, which is covered by an insulation path I in the direction of the main electrode H2. The insulation gap I is followed by a layer of a material M with a low conductivity. The layer from the material M rests on the surface of the second main electrode H2.

Über eine Verbindung A können externe Elemente zwischen Triggerelektrode T und Hauptelektrode H1 geschaltet werden. Die dort vorgesehenen Mittel können z.B. Gasableiter, Varistoren, Dioden oder ähnliche Elemente umfassen.Via a connection A external elements between trigger electrode T and main electrode H1 can be switched. The means provided there may e.g. Include gas discharge, varistors, diodes or similar elements.

Die Gesamtanordnung gemäß der Darstellung nach Fig. 1 ist so ausgeführt, dass es zunächst zu einem Durch- bzw. Überschlag zwischen der Triggerelektrode T und der Hauptelektrode H2 kommt. Ein Durchschlag zur Hauptelektrode H1 liegt in diesem Zustand noch nicht vor. Um das vorerwähnte Verhalten zu gewährleisten, ist ein Luftspalt zwischen der Triggerelektrode T und der Oberfläche der Hauptelektrode H1 vorhanden. Sehr wesentlich für die Wirkung, insbesondere für das schnelle Ansprechen der Zündeinrichtung und damit der Funktion der Funkenstrecke ist die Verteilung der vorliegenden parasitären Kapazitäten der am Zündvorgang beteiligten Komponenten.The overall arrangement as shown by Fig. 1 is designed so that it comes first to a rollover or flashover between the trigger electrode T and the main electrode H2. A breakdown to the main electrode H1 is not available in this state. In order to ensure the above-mentioned behavior, there is an air gap between the trigger electrode T and the surface of the main electrode H1. Very important for the effect, in particular for the rapid response of the ignition device and thus the function of the spark gap is the distribution of the present parasitic capacitances of the components involved in the ignition process.

Wie in der Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, ergibt sich ein kapazitiver Spannungsteiler, der zunächst in zwei Hauptkapazitäten unterteilt werden kann.Like in the Fig. 2 is shown results in a capacitive voltage divider, which can be first divided into two main capacities.

Die Kapazität CA für die Ansteuerungskomponenten in der Verbindung A und die Kapazität Cp für die Komponenten der eigentlichen Zündanordnung liegen in Reihe.The capacitance C A for the drive components in the connection A and the capacitance Cp for the components of the actual ignition arrangement are in series.

Gemäß der Darstellung nach Fig. 3 bildet die Zündanordnung aus der Isolationsstrecke I und dem schlecht leitfähigen Material M ein Schichtdielektrikum, d.h. ein Dielektrikum aus Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Isolationswiderständen.As shown Fig. 3 the ignition arrangement of the insulation section I and the poorly conductive material M forms a layer dielectric, ie a dielectric of materials with different insulation resistances.

Damit ergibt sich die Kapazität CP gemäß Fig. 2 aus der Reihenschaltung der Teilkapazitäten CI und CM nach Fig. 3.This results in the capacity C P according to Fig. 2 from the series connection of the partial capacitances C I and C M according to Fig. 3 ,

Die Kapazität CA ist größer als die Teilkapazität CM oder als die Teilkapazität CI. Die Isolationsschicht wird erfindungsgemäß sehr dünn ausgeführt.The capacitance C A is greater than the partial capacitance C M or as the partial capacitance C I. The insulation layer is made very thin according to the invention.

Je dünner die Schichtdicke des Dielektrikums der Isolationsstrecke I ist, desto größer ist die Kapazität und es fällt mehr Spannung über CM ab.The thinner the layer thickness of the dielectric of the insulation path I, the greater the capacitance and more voltage drops over C M.

Bei der als Plasma-Jet-Zündung umschreibbaren Anordnung gemäß der Erfindung wird die Isolationsschicht I als Folie oder Lackschicht auf der Triggerelektrode T ausgeführt und kann damit sehr dünn, bevorzugt wenige 1/100 Millimeter gehalten werden. Es bestimmt demnach diese Isolationsschicht primär das Ansprechverhalten der Gesamtanordnung.When described as a plasma jet ignition arrangement according to the invention, the insulating layer I is carried out as a film or paint layer on the trigger electrode T and thus can be kept very thin, preferably a few 1/100 millimeters. It therefore determines this isolation layer primarily the response of the overall arrangement.

Die Wahl des Materials für die Schicht M hat einen direkten Einfluss auf die Zündgeschwindigkeit und das sich hierdurch ergebende Verhalten der Gesamtfunkenstrecke.The choice of the material for the layer M has a direct influence on the ignition speed and the resulting behavior of the total spark gap.

Konkret wird mit der Dicke des schlecht leitfähigen Materials M eine Verlängerung des Zündlichtbogens durch Verlängerung der direkten Überschlagsstrecke von der Triggerelektrode T zu der Hauptelektrode H2 bewirkt.Specifically, with the thickness of the poorly conductive material M, an extension of the pilot arc is effected by extending the direct flashover distance from the trigger electrode T to the main electrode H2.

Aufgrund der Verlängerung des Zündlichtbogens wird ein größerer Betrag Lichtbogenplasma in die Elektrodenanordnung injiziert, so dass der Überschlag zwischen den Hauptelektroden H1 und H2 in sehr kurzer Zeit erfolgen kann.Due to the extension of the pilot arc, a larger amount of arc plasma is injected into the electrode assembly, so that the flashover between the main electrodes H1 and H2 can occur in a very short time.

Der Plasma-Jet oder Plasma-Strahl entsteht bei Lichtbögen im Fußpunktbereich an beiden Elektroden. Dieser Strahl führt zu einer starken und schnellen zielgerichteten Bewegung von ionisierten Gasen und Ladungsträgern. Erfindungsgemäß kann dieser Transport dazu genutzt werden, um die Zündung der Hauptstrecke zwischen den Elektroden H1 und H2 deutlich zu beschleunigen, wodurch die Belastung der Triggerelektrode T, der Schichtung I und M und auch der Bauteile in der Verbindung A reduziert wird und die Restspannung der Funkenstrecke sinkt.The plasma jet or plasma beam is produced at arcs in the base point region on both electrodes. This beam leads to a strong and fast targeted movement of ionized gases and charge carriers. According to the invention, this transport can be used to significantly accelerate the ignition of the main line between the electrodes H1 and H2, whereby the load on the trigger electrode T, the stratification I and M and also the components in the connection A is reduced and the residual voltage of the spark gap sinks.

Der Plasma-Jet-Effekt ist weiterhin gekennzeichnet durch die Ausprägung einer bevorzugten Richtung der ionisierten Gasströmung. Erfindungsgemäß können Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, die zum einen die Entstehung des Strahls, aber auch die Richtung beeinflussen, so dass der Effekt einer raschen Zündung der Hauptstrecke entsteht. Zum Überwinden der Luftstrecke zwischen H1 und H2 ist der vorgeschlagene Strahl mit seiner sehr effektiven Ionisierung von Luftdistanzen besonders geeignet, was wiederum für ein effektives Betreiben einer Hörnerfunkenstrecke sorgt.The plasma jet effect is further characterized by the expression of a preferred direction of ionized gas flow. According to the invention, measures can be taken which, on the one hand, influence the formation of the jet, but also the direction, so that the effect of a rapid ignition of the main route arises. To overcome the air gap between H1 and H2, the proposed beam with its very effective ionization of air distances is particularly suitable, which in turn ensures effective operation of a Hörnerfunkenstrecke.

Während beim Stand der Technik nach der Zündung der Hauptelektroden möglichst keine Plasma-Jets entstehen sollen, damit der Impulslichtbogen verharrt, ist die Ausbildung von einer gezielten Jet-Strömung zur Zündung der Haupstrecke erfindungsgemäß erwünscht.While in the prior art after ignition of the main electrodes as possible no plasma jets should arise so that the pulse arc persists, the formation of a targeted jet flow to ignite the main line is desired according to the invention.

Zur Ausbildung eines effektiven Plasma-Strahls werden Elektrodenmaterialien eingesetzt, welche den Lichtbogen im Fußpunktbereich gut kühlen. Dies fördert die Kontraktion des Lichtbogenfußpunkts. Stark kontrahierte Fußpunkte sind eine optimale Voraussetzung für stark ausgeprägte Plasma-Jets. Durch eine starke Begrenzung der Ausbreitungsmöglichkeiten des Lichtbogenfußpunkts bzw. des gesamten Lichtbogens kann die Kontraktion des Lichtbogens und seine Verharrzeit beeinflusst werden. Durch die stark kontrahierten Lichtbogenfußpunkte kann die Bewegung des Lichtbogens infolge der eigenmagnetischen Kräfte stark und gezielt verändert werden.To form an effective plasma beam, electrode materials are used which cool the arc well in the base region. This promotes the contraction of the arc root. Strongly contracted feet are an optimal prerequisite for strong plasma jets. By a strong limitation of the propagation possibilities of the arc base or the entire arc, the contraction of the arc and its retention time can be influenced. Due to the strongly contracted arc root points, the movement of the arc due to the intrinsic magnetic forces can be strongly and selectively changed.

Durch die Elektrodenanordnung sowie die Zwischenlagen I und M ergibt sich eine bevorzugte Ausrichtung der ansonsten sehr stochastischen Plasma-Jets. Die Materialwahl auch der Zwischenlagen, z.B geeignet zur Gasabgabe, beeinflusst nicht nur die Ausrichtung des Plasma-Jets durch die dann entstehende Fremdströmung, sondern es kann die Gesamtströmungsintensität und die Gaszusammensetzung des Jets und der ihn begleitenden Strömung unmittelbar verändert werden.The electrode arrangement and the intermediate layers I and M results in a preferred orientation of the otherwise very stochastic plasma jets. The choice of material and the intermediate layers, for example, suitable for gas delivery, not only affects the orientation of the plasma jet by the then resulting foreign flow, but it can the total flow intensity and the gas composition of the jet and the accompanying flow directly be changed.

Die Triggerelektrode wird bei einer Ausführungsform aus einem Kupfermaterial gebildet, was eine starke Kühlung des Fußpunkts bewirkt. Damit besteht die Möglichkeit, die Triggerelektrode dimensionsmäßig sehr dünn auszuführen, wodurch der Fußpunktdurchmesser und die Wanderung des Lichtbogens beschränkbar ist.The trigger electrode is formed in one embodiment of a copper material, causing a strong cooling of the foot. This makes it possible to make the trigger electrode dimensionally very thin, whereby the Fußpunktdurchmesser and the migration of the arc is limited.

Die Schichten I und M können zu den Elektroden T und H2 so gestaltet werden, dass das Material die grundsätzlichen Ausrichtungsmöglichkeiten und den Gasstrom des Plasma-Jets beeinflusst. Neben der Beeinflussung des Plasma-Jets ist auch die Wanderung des Fußpunkts des Lichtbogens durch die Geometrie variierbar. Durch die erzwungene Länge des Zündlichtbogens zwischen T und H2 sowie gegebenenfalls eine erzwungene Durchbiegung des Zündlichtbogens durch einen Absatz in die gewünschte Laufrichtung kann der thermische Auftrieb und die eigenmagnetische Kraftwirkung zur zielgerichteten Schleifenbildung durch Lichtbogenaufweitung oder aber auch zielgerichteten Wanderung nach einer entsprechenden Verharrzeit mit Fußpunktbewegung genutzt werden.The layers I and M can be designed to the electrodes T and H2 so that the material influences the basic alignment possibilities and the gas flow of the plasma jet. In addition to influencing the plasma jet is also the migration of the foot of the arc through the Geometry variable. Due to the forced length of the pilot arc between T and H2 and optionally a forced deflection of the pilot arc by a heel in the desired direction, the thermal buoyancy and the intrinsic magnetic force can be used for targeted looping by arc expansion or targeted migration after a corresponding Verarrzeit with Fußpunktbewegung ,

Da die Plasma-Jets an beiden Elektroden entstehen, kommt es bei starken Jet-Ausbildungen bei kurzen oder auch abgewinkelten Anordnungen zum Aufeinandertreffen der Einzeiströmungen. Dies führt bei direkt aufeinandertreffenden ähnlich starken Strömungen auf gemeinsamer Achse zu einem sogenannten Plasmateller, welcher sich stark nach beiden Seiten auswölbt und die gesamte Umgebung ionisiert, d.h. auch den Spalt zu H2. Bei winkligen Achsen versuchen die Jet-Ströme seitlich nebeneinander auszuweichen. Dieser Zustand ist allerdings sehr instabil, so dass die Ausweichrichtung ständig wechselt. Bei einer seitlichen Begrenzung durch Kammerwände wird dieser Effekt verstärkt. Letztendlich ist auch hierin eine bessere und schnelle Ionisierung des Spaltes zu sehen.Since the plasma jets are formed on both electrodes, it comes in strong jet formations in short or angled arrangements for the meeting of the single streams. This results in directly meeting similar strong currents on a common axis to a so-called Plasmateller, which bulges out strongly on both sides and ionizes the entire environment, i. also the gap to H2. For angled axes, the jet streams try to dodge sideways side by side. However, this condition is very unstable, so that the direction of evasion constantly changes. With a lateral boundary through chamber walls, this effect is amplified. Finally, a better and faster ionization of the gap is also to be seen here.

Wie in der Fig. 4 prinzipiell dargestellt, kann durch Variation der geometrischen Ausführungsform die Wirkung und die Ausbildung des Zündlichtbogens weiter verstärkt werden.Like in the Fig. 4 illustrated in principle, the effect and the design of the Zündlichtbogens can be further enhanced by varying the geometric embodiment.

Dabei wird nicht nur die Dicke der Schicht aus schlecht leitfähigem Material M erhöht, sondern es besteht die Möglichkeit der Ausbildung einer Überlappungsschicht bzw. Realisierung eines stufenförmigen Sandwichaufbaus. Hierdurch wird der Weg von der Triggerelektrode T zur Hauptelektrode nochmals vergrößert und es steigt die Anzahl der Ladungsträger, die in die Funkenstrecke gelangen. In der Darstellung nach Fig. 4 (Draufsicht) ist die Sandwichstruktur und deren stufenförmiger Aufbau nachvollziehbar. Die eigentliche Triggerelektrode T wird seitlich von der dünnen Isolationsstrecke I bedeckt und es kommt hier zu einem vorderseitig bündigen Abschluss. Gestuft zurückgesetzt befindet sich dann auf der Isolationsstrecke I wiederum jeweils die Schicht aus dem schlecht leitenden Material M.In this case, not only the thickness of the layer of poorly conductive material M is increased, but there is the possibility of forming an overlapping layer or realization of a stepped sandwich construction. As a result, the path from the trigger electrode T to the main electrode is increased again and the number of charge carriers entering the spark gap increases. In the illustration after Fig. 4 (Top view) is the sandwich structure and its stepped structure traceable. The actual trigger electrode T is covered laterally by the thin insulation path I and it comes here to a front-flush termination. Stepped reset is then on the isolation route I in turn each layer of the poorly conductive material M.

Die Seitenansicht nach Fig. 4 lässt die treppenstufenartige Schichtenfolge Hauptelektrode H2, Schicht aus schlecht leitfähigem Material M, Isolationsstrecke I und Triggerelektrode T erkennen. Ein Einbetten der Triggerelektrode T und seitlich begrenzend mit dem Isolationsschichtmaterial I stellt eine nicht zwingende Alternative der Weiterbildung der Zündanordnung dar.The side view after Fig. 4 allows the stair-step-like layer sequence main electrode H2, layer of poorly conductive material M, insulation distance I and trigger electrode T recognize. An embedding of the trigger electrode T and laterally delimiting with the insulating layer material I represents a non-mandatory alternative of the development of the ignition arrangement.

Die dünne Isolationsstrecke I zwischen der Triggerelektrode T und der Schicht aus schlecht leitfähigem Material M kann bevorzugt durch Leiterplatten realisiert werden. Die Triggerelektrode T entspricht dann der aufgebrachten Leiterbahn und die Isolationsschicht I der darüber befindlichen Lackschicht, wobei ein stirnseitiger Abschnitt lackschichtfrei bleibt. Es kann sich hierbei um eine flexible Leiterplatte mit einem Folien-Trägermaterial oder aber auch um eine starre Leiterplatte handeln, wobei das Leiterplatten-Trägermaterial das Material mit der schlechteren Leitfähigkeit M sein kann.The thin insulation gap I between the trigger electrode T and the layer of poorly conductive material M can preferably be realized by printed circuit boards. The trigger electrode T then corresponds to the applied conductor track and the insulation layer I of the overlying lacquer layer, wherein an end-side section remains free of lacquer. This may be a flexible printed circuit board with a foil carrier material or even a rigid printed circuit board, wherein the printed circuit board carrier material may be the material with the poorer conductivity M.

Zur Angabe des Merkmals eines schlecht leitfähigen Materials sei dargelegt, dass es sich hier Materialien handeln sollte, die den Strom weniger gut leiten als Kupfer. Denkbar sind leitfähige Kunststoffe oder leitfähige Keramiken. Idealerweise wird hier ein Material mit hoher Oberflächenleitfähigkeit und hohem Durchgangswiderstand eingesetzt. Werkstoffe mit hohem Durchgangswiderstand neigen dazu, dass sich eher Ströme auf dessen Oberfläche ausbilden, als dass der Strom durch das Volumen fließt. Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird aufgrund der geforderten geringfügigen Flexibilität des schlecht leitfähigen Materials auf einen leitfähigen Kunststoff zurückgegriffen, dessen elektrischer Widerstand im Zündbereich >10 Ω und <100 kΩ beträgt. Optimal stellt sich die Zündwirkung dar bei einem Widerstand von einem kΩ auf 2 / 10 mm Dicke des Materials. Abhängig vom verwendeten Material verändert sich der Widerstandswert dieser Ebene, wobei die Lichtbogenlänge durch die Dicke des schlecht leitfähigen Materials steuerbar ist.To indicate the feature of a poorly conductive material, it should be stated that these materials should be less conductive than copper. Conceivable are conductive plastics or conductive ceramics. Ideally, a material with high surface conductivity and high volume resistance is used here. Materials with high volume resistivity tend to form currents on its surface rather than flow through the volume. In one embodiment, due to the required slight flexibility of the poorly conductive material, recourse is made to a conductive plastic whose electrical resistance in the ignition region is> 10 Ω and <100 kΩ. Optimally, the ignition effect is at a resistance of one kΩ to 2/10 mm thickness of the material. Depending on the material used, the resistance value of this plane changes, whereby the arc length can be controlled by the thickness of the poorly conductive material.

Die Fig. 5 zeigt eine praktisch realisierte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung mit Hörnerelektroden und speziellem Zündbereich, der in der Fig. 6 im Detail dargestellt ist. Für gleiche oder gleichwirkende Elemente wurden in der voranstehenden Beschreibung dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet. The Fig. 5 shows a practically realized embodiment of the solution according to the invention with horn electrodes and special ignition range, which in the Fig. 6 is shown in detail. For identical or equivalent elements, the same reference numerals have been used in the foregoing description.

Claims (9)

  1. Arrangement for igniting spark gaps, comprising a trigger electrode (T) located on or in one of the main electrodes (H2) and insulated from this main electrode (H2), wherein the trigger electrode (T) is electrically connected to the other main electrode (H1) by at least one voltage-switching or voltage-monitoring element and an air gap is provided between the trigger electrode (T) and the other main electrode (H1),
    characterized in that
    the trigger electrode (T) forms a sandwich structure with an insulation section (I) and a layer made of a material (M) which has a lower conductivity than the material of one of the main electrodes (H1, H2), the sandwich structure representing a layered dielectric in the series connection of a first partial capacitance (CI) to the dielectric of the insulation section (I) and a second partial capacitance (CM) to the material (M) as the dielectric, and the partial capacitances (CI) and/or (CM) being chosen to be very small.
  2. Arrangement according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the insulation section (I) is formed as a thin foil layer or lacquer coat.
  3. Arrangement according to claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the thickness of the insulation section amounts to a few 1/100 mm.
  4. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the material (M) has a conductivity which is poorer multiple times than the material of the main electrodes.
  5. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the material (M) is made of a plastic material provided with conductive particles or
    fibers, or of ceramics.
  6. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    an extension of the ignition arc is obtained by the thickness of the layer made of material (M).
  7. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the sandwich structure has a stepped structure, wherein the trigger electrode (T) is followed by a broader insulation section (I), and the latter by a layer made of material (M) which is, again, broader relative to the insulation section (I).
  8. Arrangement according to claim 7,
    characterized in that
    the sandwich structure has a stepped symmetrical or asymmetrical structure.
  9. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the sandwich structure is formed of a lacquer-insulated printed circuit board.
EP11748299.2A 2010-08-17 2011-07-13 Arrangement for igniting spark gaps Active EP2606542B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL14188577T PL2827462T3 (en) 2010-08-17 2011-07-13 Assembly for igniting spark gaps
SI201130415T SI2606542T1 (en) 2010-08-17 2011-07-13 Arrangement for igniting spark gaps
PL11748299T PL2606542T3 (en) 2010-08-17 2011-07-13 Arrangement for igniting spark gaps
EP14188577.2A EP2827462B1 (en) 2010-08-17 2011-07-13 Assembly for igniting spark gaps

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010034586 2010-08-17
DE102011102937.4A DE102011102937B4 (en) 2010-08-17 2011-05-31 Arrangement for the ignition of spark gaps
PCT/EP2011/061914 WO2012022547A1 (en) 2010-08-17 2011-07-13 Arrangement for igniting spark gaps

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EP14188577.2A Division EP2827462B1 (en) 2010-08-17 2011-07-13 Assembly for igniting spark gaps
EP14188577.2A Division-Into EP2827462B1 (en) 2010-08-17 2011-07-13 Assembly for igniting spark gaps

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2606542A1 EP2606542A1 (en) 2013-06-26
EP2606542B1 true EP2606542B1 (en) 2014-12-03

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14188577.2A Revoked EP2827462B1 (en) 2010-08-17 2011-07-13 Assembly for igniting spark gaps
EP11748299.2A Active EP2606542B1 (en) 2010-08-17 2011-07-13 Arrangement for igniting spark gaps

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14188577.2A Revoked EP2827462B1 (en) 2010-08-17 2011-07-13 Assembly for igniting spark gaps

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US8873217B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2827462B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103098322B (en)
DE (1) DE102011102937B4 (en)
PL (2) PL2606542T3 (en)
SI (2) SI2827462T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012022547A1 (en)

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DE102011051738B4 (en) * 2010-08-04 2023-05-04 Dehn Se Horn spark gap lightning arrester with deion chamber
DE102011102937B4 (en) * 2010-08-17 2017-03-02 DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. Arrangement for the ignition of spark gaps
WO2016011463A1 (en) * 2014-07-02 2016-01-21 Van Dyk Andrè An initiator
DE102015013222B3 (en) * 2015-07-27 2016-12-15 DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. Circuit arrangement for the electronic control of triggerable surge arresters
CN105566020B (en) * 2015-12-16 2018-07-27 北京理工大学 A kind of electric cap of driving certainly and preparation method thereof without externally fed
DE102016201459A1 (en) * 2016-02-01 2017-08-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft A plasma generating device comprising a high voltage source
DE202018106960U1 (en) * 2018-02-27 2019-01-03 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Overvoltage protection arrangement consisting of a horn spark gap located in an insulating housing
DE102019101200A1 (en) 2018-07-04 2020-01-09 Dehn Se + Co Kg Surge protection arrangement with a horn spark gap in an insulating housing with a deion chamber for arc quenching
DE102018121138B3 (en) 2018-08-29 2019-12-05 Dehn Se + Co Kg Miniaturized horn spark gap with integrated deion chamber
DE102019101448B3 (en) 2018-10-15 2020-01-23 Dehn Se + Co Kg Arrangement for the ignition of spark gaps
CN113629686B (en) * 2021-07-22 2022-10-28 西安交通大学 Intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material

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US3538382A (en) * 1968-01-19 1970-11-03 Gen Electric Triggered vacuum gap overvoltage protective device
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FR2337417A1 (en) * 1975-12-30 1977-07-29 Comp Generale Electricite SPARK-OFF IN A GAS
DE4240138C2 (en) 1992-11-28 1995-05-24 Dehn & Soehne Arrangement capable of carrying lightning current with at least two spark gaps connected in series
DE19510181C1 (en) 1995-03-21 1996-06-05 Dehn & Soehne Overvoltage diverter and current extinction device
US5714794A (en) 1995-04-18 1998-02-03 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Electrostatic protective device
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DE20020771U1 (en) 2000-02-22 2001-02-15 Dehn & Soehne Pressure proof encapsulated spark gap arrangement for leading off damaging disturbance variables due to overvoltages, has two opposing electrodes
DE10146728B4 (en) 2001-09-02 2007-01-04 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Overvoltage protection device
DE50210082D1 (en) * 2001-09-02 2007-06-14 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co SURGE PROTECTION DEVICE
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DE10245144C5 (en) 2002-07-08 2007-10-31 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Overvoltage protection arrangement with a spark gap as coarse protection element
US6977468B1 (en) * 2003-02-03 2005-12-20 Auburn University Integrated spark gap device
DE102004006988B4 (en) * 2003-11-28 2014-02-06 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Spark-gap overvoltage protection device comprising at least two main electrodes located in a pressure-tight housing
DE102004009072A1 (en) 2004-02-23 2005-09-08 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Overvoltage protection element and ignition element for an overvoltage protection element
DE102011102937B4 (en) * 2010-08-17 2017-03-02 DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. Arrangement for the ignition of spark gaps

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2827462A3 (en) 2015-02-18
DE102011102937B4 (en) 2017-03-02
CN103098322B (en) 2015-01-21
SI2606542T1 (en) 2015-04-30
DE102011102937A1 (en) 2012-02-23
SI2827462T1 (en) 2019-10-30
EP2827462A2 (en) 2015-01-21
RU2013108041A (en) 2014-09-27
PL2827462T3 (en) 2019-10-31
US20140160614A1 (en) 2014-06-12
PL2606542T3 (en) 2015-06-30
EP2606542A1 (en) 2013-06-26
CN103098322A (en) 2013-05-08
US8873217B2 (en) 2014-10-28
WO2012022547A1 (en) 2012-02-23
EP2827462B1 (en) 2019-03-13

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