EP1258693B1 - Process and apparatus for drying sawn timber - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for drying sawn timber Download PDFInfo
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- EP1258693B1 EP1258693B1 EP02010640A EP02010640A EP1258693B1 EP 1258693 B1 EP1258693 B1 EP 1258693B1 EP 02010640 A EP02010640 A EP 02010640A EP 02010640 A EP02010640 A EP 02010640A EP 1258693 B1 EP1258693 B1 EP 1258693B1
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- Prior art keywords
- stack
- drying
- fans
- sealing device
- drying chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
- F26B25/063—Movable containers or receptacles, e.g. carts, trolleys, pallet-boxes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
- F26B21/022—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure with provisions for changing the drying gas flow pattern, e.g. by reversing gas flow, by moving the materials or objects through subsequent compartments, at least two of which have a different direction of gas flow
- F26B21/028—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure with provisions for changing the drying gas flow pattern, e.g. by reversing gas flow, by moving the materials or objects through subsequent compartments, at least two of which have a different direction of gas flow by air valves, movable baffles or nozzle arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for drying stacked lumber or similar material according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 2.
- a generic drying device is from the DE 198 01 162 known, which refers to vacuum drying.
- the CA 2 199 776 shows a corresponding drying device with a drying chamber through which a stacked wood carrying track car to be dried can be moved. Above the stack of wood on the track car at a distance therefrom, fans are arranged in the drying chamber, the axis of rotation of which is oriented in the direction of loading and from which the desiccant flow exits into the charging direction, laterally deflected, downwards and substantially horizontally across the stacked one Wood passes. To prevent its air flow between wood stack and fan assembly are stationary there Sealing plates provided which rub on the top of the wood stack and thus subject to wear.
- the US 2,834,120 discloses a drying method and a drying apparatus with a drying chamber into which a railroad car carrying two wood stacks can be moved in and out on the same side.
- a drying chamber into which a railroad car carrying two wood stacks can be moved in and out on the same side.
- two fans with an orientation parallel to the retraction direction are arranged laterally. From this emerging air is guided in a central region of the drying chamber and deflected there again by deflecting plates in the axial direction.
- the track car has at its end faces in one embodiment in each case triangular plates, which are connected on their upper side by a narrow cover.
- the inverted after retraction of the entry opening triangular plate has an opening which faces the central air supply ducts.
- the entering through the opening of an end plate of the track car air flows substantially in the longitudinal direction of the channel formed by the two side woodpile and, since the entry opening facing end face is closed by the local plate, by deflection laterally through the woodpile.
- the dry material In the case of longitudinally loaded drying chambers, the dry material is generally moved in and out on track cars through a gate on the front side. Other means of transport (eg carriages, carriages on wheels or pneumatic tires) may also be suitable for longitudinal loading.
- the dry material in particular lumber, is pre-stacked outside the drying chamber in the form of stacking packages and placed on the track wagons for loading, eg with the aid of a forklift. Underlayed squared timbers serve as the basis for each stack package to make room for the entry and exit of the Keep forks free.
- squared lumber oriented across the board length, eg corresponding aluminum hollow sections are used.
- the individual board layers of each stack package are separated by stacking strips to allow passage of the desiccant across the boards in the chamber.
- the usual dimensions of a package are 1 to 2 m in width and 1 to 1.5 m in height; the length is given by the boards.
- the desiccant acts as a carrier of the thermal energy needed to vaporize the moisture contained in the dry matter.
- the desiccant is heated on a heater and outputs the amount of heat absorbed at stacking passage to the wood.
- the required flow is generated by fans.
- the fans are to be mounted above a false ceiling or, better, in a vertical plane adjacent to a stacking row or between two rows. The exact arrangement depends on the requirements of the chamber and flow geometry. In practice, the arrangement has been proven in a horizontal row; If there is an increased need for delivery capacity, several fan rows can be arranged one above the other.
- the conveyed gas penetrates a stacking area homogeneously, is deflected at a side wall of the chamber, flows through other stacking areas back to the opposite wall and returns to the first stacking area.
- the separation of the opposing flow is given by the channels, which are bounded vertically by board layers, horizontally by stacking strips or squared lumber.
- the desiccant flow but also other ways with unwanted “short circuits". If e.g. the boards can not be placed close to each other or placed (in "unedged goods", which are boards with bark and / or bevelled edges), a part of the desiccant can already reverse within the stack without reaching the wall.
- the entire fan row with an additional, common nozzle.
- This is formed, for example, from sheets which extend from the fan level to the adjacent stack row (s). At the ends of these nozzle plates soft sealing strips are useful, which compensate for the unevenness of the board edges when pressed against the stack and so ensure a good seal between areas of opposite flow.
- the invention has the specific object to realize necessary seals and covers to avoid unwanted ways, short circuits and inhomogeneities of the desiccant flow in a simple, inexpensive and practical way.
- the invention provides in a generic method, the characterizing features of claim 1 and in a generic device, the characterizing features of claim 2 before.
- the required between the ends of the fan plane outgoing nozzle plates and the stack sides seals can be used without the risk of damage when pressed outside the drying chamber at the appropriate height to the sides of the resting on track cars stack row and properly fixed.
- the sides of the gaskets facing away from the stack then slide along the straight and smooth ends of the nozzle plates or keep them at a small distance during feeding.
- the installation and removal of the seals is easily possible because the loaded rail cars outside the chamber are freely accessible from all sides.
- the seals can be easily attached directly to the wood pile; the required dimensional accuracy during loading can hardly be achieved this way. It is better, To use a sealing device that can be positioned accurately relative to the track car.
- This sealing device preferably has a frame which is composed of horizontal supports and vertical connections, wherein the elements are screwed together, glued or welded depending on the material.
- a material aluminum is particularly good, because it is lightweight, corrosion-resistant and easy to work. Therefore, aluminum tubes are preferably used as vertical connections, aluminum profiles as horizontal holders. These profiles contain a stack side in the longitudinal direction of a recess into which a sealing strip of elastic material is pressed and held there either by barbs or gluing.
- the frame usually has the length and height of a stack row; if it is too long, it can also be made of parts so that it can be easily moved by the operator even without machine assistance.
- the frame is designed chamber-specific, because the horizontal brackets must correspond in height with the fixedly mounted in the drying chamber nozzle plates.
- Stanchions are preferably used to attach the rack to the railcar, e.g. in the form of aluminum hollow tubes.
- the stanchions are placed on both sides of the stack row in corresponding recesses at the ends of the lowermost, flush with both sides of the deck squared timbers and held together at the top with a simple cross-connection.
- the squared timbers also called so if made of other materials such as aluminum are held in place on the bed by the weight of the stacking packs resting on them.
- the frame is suitably secured from the side to the stanchions, e.g. hung on hooks or angle plates.
- the sealing strips press against the stack side and thus separate stack areas above and below with respect to the desiccant flow from each other. So that the stanchions do not form an obstacle to continuous sealing strips when pressed against the stack, a correspondingly yielding material is used for the sealing strips, into which the stanchions can be completely pressed.
- Stakes as fasteners for the sealing device have an additional advantage: Since they fit snugly on both sides of the stacking row, they prevent boards from shearing laterally during drying. This is particularly important for vacuum dryers because the width of the gates is very tight for reasons of statics.
- Covers or panels for the critical areas between the stack packages can be easily integrated into the frame of the sealing device.
- vertical panels can be easily used to cover the package or board ends and moved horizontally as desired.
- These panels can be made of sheet metal or plastic plates of different width, depending on current requirements. They can also be broken, if the covering effect should be lower.
- several narrow apertures can be placed next to each other at a suitable distance. The same purpose is fulfilled by a single aperture with openings whose size or number decreases from the sides to the middle.
- the longitudinally displaceable vertical panels can reach up to the rear wall and the door of the drying chamber, so that even at the ends of the stack row to rapid drying without additional device is avoided.
- horizontal panels can be positioned and fixed in a simple manner in stack-side grooves of the vertical connections of the frame described, for example by means of spring clips.
- Fig. 1 shows a drying chamber 1 with fan 2 and symmetrical nozzle plates 3.
- fan 2 When using multiple fans these are in the longitudinal direction of the drying chamber, so perpendicular to the paper plane, lined up at the same height in a row to think; the nozzle plates extend correspondingly over the length of the chamber.
- On each side of the fans 2 rests ever a railcar 5 with wheels 6 on tracks 4, which are laid on the ground.
- the track cars each carry three stacking packages 7 one above the other, which each form a stack row with further (not visible) packages in the longitudinal direction of the drying chamber.
- Each stack of piles 7 contains several layers of parallel boards 8, separated by stacking strips 9 between two layers, and rests on squared timbers 10.
- the frame 13 laterally of the stanchions 11 is shown enlarged in Fig. 2. It is composed of vertical connections 15 and horizontal brackets 14 and suspended from mounting brackets 16.
- the horizontal brackets 14 at the level of the interfaces 18 are provided with sealing strips 17, the ends of which are in contact with the stack.
- Vertical panels 19 are guided in opposite grooves of the horizontal brackets 14.
- a vertically displaceable horizontal panel 20 (indicated by a double arrow) is located at the height of the square timber 10.
- FIG. 3 an arrangement of three vertical aperture 19 is shown side by side.
- the circular cutout provides a view of the underlying ends of two adjacent stacking packs 7.
- the stack-side groove 21 of a vertical connection 15 is made visible.
- the horizontal aperture 20 is guided.
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- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von gestapeltem Schnittholz oder ähnlichem Gut nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bzw. des Anspruchs 2.The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for drying stacked lumber or similar material according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 2.
Eine gattungsgemäße Trockenvorrichtung ist aus der
Die
Die
Der Gleiswagen weist an seinen Stirnseiten in einer Ausführungsform jeweils dreieckige Platten auf, die auf ihre Oberseite durch eine schmale Abdeckung verbunden sind. Die nach Einfahren der Einfahröffnung abgewandte Dreieck-Platte weist eine Öffnung auf, die den zentralen Luftzuführkanälen zugewandt ist. Die durch die Öffnung der einen Stirnplatte des Gleiswagens eintretende Luft strömt im wesentlichen in Längsrichtung des durch die beiden seitlichen Holzstapel gebildeten Kanals und, da die der Einfahröffnung zugewandte Stirnseite durch die dortige Platte verschlossen ist, durch Umlenkung auch seitlich durch die Holzstapel.The track car has at its end faces in one embodiment in each case triangular plates, which are connected on their upper side by a narrow cover. The inverted after retraction of the entry opening triangular plate has an opening which faces the central air supply ducts. The entering through the opening of an end plate of the track car air flows substantially in the longitudinal direction of the channel formed by the two side woodpile and, since the entry opening facing end face is closed by the local plate, by deflection laterally through the woodpile.
Bei längsbeschickten Trockenkammern wird grundsätzlich das Trockengut üblicherweise auf Gleiswagen durch ein Tor an der Stirnseite ein- und ausgefahren. Auch andere Transportmittel (z.B. Schlitten, Wagen auf Rollen oder Luftreifen) können sich für Längsbeschickung eignen. Das Trockengut, insbesondere Schnittholz, wird außerhalb der Trockenkammer in Form von Stapelpaketen vorgestapelt und zur Beschickung z.B. mit Hilfe eines Gabelstaplers auf die Gleiswagen gesetzt. Untergelegte Kanthölzer dienen dabei als Basis für jedes Stapelpaket, um Platz für das Ein- und Ausführen der Gabeln freizuhalten. Anstelle von Kanthölzern, quer zur Brettlänge orientiert, werden z.B. auch entsprechende Aluminium-Hohlprofile verwendet. Die einzelnen Brettlagen jedes Stapelpakets sind durch Stapelleisten voneinander getrennt, um in der Kammer den Durchtritt des Trockenmittels quer zu den Brettern zu ermöglichen. Die üblichen Dimensionen eines Pakets sind 1 bis 2 m in der Breite und 1 bis 1,5 m in der Höhe; die Länge ist durch die Bretter gegeben. Zwei oder mehr Pakete, auf dem Gleiswagen aneinandergereiht und/oder übereinandergesetzt, bilden eine Stapelreihe, die als Ganzes in die Kammer eingefahren wird.In the case of longitudinally loaded drying chambers, the dry material is generally moved in and out on track cars through a gate on the front side. Other means of transport (eg carriages, carriages on wheels or pneumatic tires) may also be suitable for longitudinal loading. The dry material, in particular lumber, is pre-stacked outside the drying chamber in the form of stacking packages and placed on the track wagons for loading, eg with the aid of a forklift. Underlayed squared timbers serve as the basis for each stack package to make room for the entry and exit of the Keep forks free. Instead of squared lumber, oriented across the board length, eg corresponding aluminum hollow sections are used. The individual board layers of each stack package are separated by stacking strips to allow passage of the desiccant across the boards in the chamber. The usual dimensions of a package are 1 to 2 m in width and 1 to 1.5 m in height; the length is given by the boards. Two or more packages, strung together and / or stacked on the track car, form a stacking row which is retracted as a whole into the chamber.
Bei Trockenkammern mit konvektiver Heizung dient das Trockenmittel als Träger der Wärmeenergie, die für die Verdampfung der im Trockengut enthaltenen Feuchtigkeit benötigt wird. Das Trockenmittel wird an einer Heizvorrichtung erwärmt und gibt die aufgenommene Wärmemenge beim Stapeldurchtritt an das Holz ab. Die dafür erforderliche Strömung wird durch Ventilatoren erzeugt. Um eine Trockenmittelströmung quer zur Längsrichtung der Kammer zu erreichen, sind die Ventilatoren oberhalb einer Zwischendecke oder besser in einer senkrechten Ebene neben einer Stapelreihe oder zwischen zwei Reihen anzubringen. Die genaue Anordnung richtet sich nach Erfordernissen der Kammer- und Strömungsgeometrie. In der Praxis hat sich die Anordnung in einer Horizontalreihe bewärt; bei erhöhtem Bedarf an Förderkapazität lassen sich mehrere Ventilatorreihen übereinander anordnen.In drying chambers with convective heating, the desiccant acts as a carrier of the thermal energy needed to vaporize the moisture contained in the dry matter. The desiccant is heated on a heater and outputs the amount of heat absorbed at stacking passage to the wood. The required flow is generated by fans. In order to achieve a desiccant flow transverse to the longitudinal direction of the chamber, the fans are to be mounted above a false ceiling or, better, in a vertical plane adjacent to a stacking row or between two rows. The exact arrangement depends on the requirements of the chamber and flow geometry. In practice, the arrangement has been proven in a horizontal row; If there is an increased need for delivery capacity, several fan rows can be arranged one above the other.
Um eine gleichmäßige, qualitativ einwandfreie Trocknung der gesamten Charge zu erreichen, muss die Führung der Trockenmittelströmung sehr.genau beachtet werden. Das gilt in besonderem Maße für Vakuumtrockner, aber auch für konventionelle Trocknungen mit Frisch- und Abluft bei Atmosphärendruck.In order to achieve a uniform, qualitatively perfect drying of the entire batch, the guidance of the desiccant flow must be very carefully observed. This is especially true for vacuum dryers, but also for conventional drying with fresh and exhaust air at atmospheric pressure.
Im Idealfall durchdringt das geförderte Gas einen Stapelbereich homogen, wird an einer Seitenwand der Kammer umgelenkt, strömt durch andere Stapelbereiche zurück bis zur gegenüberliegenden Wand und gelangt wieder in den ersten Stapelbereich. Die Trennung der gegenläufigen Strömung ist dabei durch die Kanäle gegeben, die vertikal durch Brettlagen, horizontal durch Stapelleisten bzw. Kanthölzer begrenzt sind.Ideally, the conveyed gas penetrates a stacking area homogeneously, is deflected at a side wall of the chamber, flows through other stacking areas back to the opposite wall and returns to the first stacking area. The separation of the opposing flow is given by the channels, which are bounded vertically by board layers, horizontally by stacking strips or squared lumber.
In der Praxis sucht sich die Trockenmittelströmung aber auch andere Wege mit unerwünschten "Kurzschlüssen". Wenn z.B. die Bretter nicht dicht aneinander gelegt werden oder gelegt werden können (bei "unbesäumter Ware", das sind Bretter mit Rinde und/oder schrägen Kanten), kann ein Teil des Trockenmittels bereits innerhalb des Stapels umkehren, ohne die Wand zu erreichen.In practice, the desiccant flow but also other ways with unwanted "short circuits". If e.g. the boards can not be placed close to each other or placed (in "unedged goods", which are boards with bark and / or bevelled edges), a part of the desiccant can already reverse within the stack without reaching the wall.
Noch gravierender sind direkte Kurzschlüsse zwischen Druck- und Saugseite der Ventilatoren, wodurch ein Teil der teuren Förderkapazität nutzlos verloren gehen kann. Das lässt sich vermeiden zum einen dadurch, dass die Ventilatordüsen in entsprechende Aussparungen einer in Längsrichtung der Kammer durchgehenden Platte eingesetzt werden, zum anderen dadurch, dass die Düsen bis an den Stapel heranreichen.Even more serious are direct short circuits between the pressure and suction sides of the fans, which may cause useless loss of some of the expensive pumping capacity. This can be avoided on the one hand by the fact that the fan nozzles are inserted into corresponding recesses of a continuous plate in the longitudinal direction of the chamber, on the other hand by the fact that the nozzles reach up to the stack.
Zur Vermeidung "toter Bereiche" zwischen den Ventilatoren ist es vorteilhaft, die gesamte Ventilatorreihe mit einer zusätzlichen, gemeinsamen Düse zu versehen. Diese wird z.B. aus Blechen gebildet, die von der Ventilatorebene ausgehen bis an die benachbarte(n) Stapelreihe(n) reichen. An den Enden dieser Düsenbleche sind weiche Dichtleisten zweckmäßig, die beim Andrücken an den Stapel die Unebenheiten der Brettkanten ausgleichen und so für eine gute Abdichtung zwischen Bereichen gegenläufiger Strömung sorgen.To avoid "dead zones" between the fans, it is advantageous to provide the entire fan row with an additional, common nozzle. This is formed, for example, from sheets which extend from the fan level to the adjacent stack row (s). At the ends of these nozzle plates soft sealing strips are useful, which compensate for the unevenness of the board edges when pressed against the stack and so ensure a good seal between areas of opposite flow.
Es ist aber kaum möglich, die beladenen Gleiswagen in die Kammer einzufahren, ohne dass dabei die Dichtungen beschädigt oder zu rasch abgenutzt werden. Noch viel kritischer ist das Herausfahren, weil sich Bretter während der Trocknung verziehen und seitlich aus dem Stapel herausragen können. Eine Konstruktion mit beweglichen Düsenblechen, die während des Ein- und Ausfahrens nach oben bzw. unten geklappt werden könnten, ist aufwendig und teuer, weil für das Bedienungspersonal nach erfolgter Beschickung kein Platz verbleibt, um die Kammer zu betreten.But it is hardly possible to retract the loaded track cars in the chamber, without causing the seals are damaged or too quickly worn. Even more critical is the drive out because boards warp during drying and can protrude laterally from the stack. A design with movable nozzle plates, which could be folded up and down during retraction and extension, is complicated and expensive, because there is no room for the operator after loading to enter the chamber.
Ein weiteres, wichtiges Problem, welches die Homogenität der Trocknung empfindlich stören kann, beruht auf der Tatsache, dass die Beweglichkeit des Wassers im Holz in Faserrichtung, also in Brett-Längsrichtung, wesentlich größer ist als quer dazu: Die Brettenden trocknen entsprechend viel zu schnell, was zu "Verschalungen", Verwerfungen und Stirnrissen führt. Dieser Effekt wird noch dadurch ver stärkt, dass sich die Stapelpakete in der Praxis nicht ohne Zwischenräume aneinanderreihen lassen. Durch diese Zwischenräume strömt entsprechend mehr Trockenmittel pro Zeiteinheit und erhöht dadurch die lokale Wärmezufuhr. Das allzu rasche Abtrocknen der Brettenden wird in der Praxis beispielsweise durch zeitaufwendiges Lackieren oder Einwachsen der Stirnflächen verringert. Eine andere Möglichkeit, die kritischen Endbereiche der Stapelpakete durch Blenden vor den Ventilatoren von der direkten Strömung abzuschirmen, ist ebenfalls recht umständlich, weil die Paketlängen von Charge zu Charge sehr unterschiedlich sein können und diese Blenden vor jeder Beschickung in der Trockenkammer neu eingerichtet werden müssten.Another important problem, which can disturb the homogeneity of the drying sensitive, based on the fact that the mobility of the water in the wood in the fiber direction, ie in the longitudinal direction Brett, is substantially greater than transverse to: The board ends dry accordingly much too fast which leads to "cladding", dislocations and facial tears. This effect is further strengthened ver that the stacking packs can not string together in practice without gaps. Through these spaces correspondingly more desiccant per unit time flows, thereby increasing the local heat. The too rapid drying of the board ends is reduced in practice, for example by time-consuming painting or ingrowth of the faces. Another way to shield the critical end portions of the stack packs from the direct flow by blades in front of the fans is also quite cumbersome because the pack lengths may vary greatly from batch to batch and these panels would have to be re-set prior to each load in the drying chamber.
Weitere Problemzonen bestehen in Höhe der Kanthölzer, weil dort der freie Bereich zwischen zwei Holzlagen wesentlich höher ist als bei den übrigen, durch Stapelleisten getrennten Lagen. Bei konventioneller Trocknung wird diese Inhomogenität allgemein in Kauf genommen; die stärkere Auswirkung bei Vakuumtrocknungen kann dagegen nicht vernachlässig werden und erfordert geeignete Maßnahmen wie z.B. Anbringen von Blenden.Other problem areas exist in the amount of square timbers, because there the free area between two layers of wood essential is higher than the others, separated by stacking layers. In conventional drying, this inhomogeneity is generally accepted; on the other hand, the greater impact of vacuum drying can not be neglected and requires appropriate measures such as the application of diaphragms.
Ausgehend vom genannten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die spezielle Aufgabe zugrunde, notwendige Abdichtungen und Abdeckungen zur Vermeidung unerwünschter Wege, Kurzschlüsse und Inhomogenitäten der Trockenmittelströmung auf einfache, kostengünstige und praxisgerechte Weise zu realisieren.Based on the cited prior art, the invention has the specific object to realize necessary seals and covers to avoid unwanted ways, short circuits and inhomogeneities of the desiccant flow in a simple, inexpensive and practical way.
Zur Lösung der genannten Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und bei einer gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 2 vor.To achieve the above object, the invention provides in a generic method, the characterizing features of claim 1 and in a generic device, the characterizing features of claim 2 before.
Die zwischen den Enden der von der Ventilatorebene ausgehenden Düsenbleche und den Stapelseiten benötigten Dichtungen können ohne Gefahr einer Beschädigung eingesetzt werden, wenn sie außerhalb der Trockenkammer in passender Höhe an die Seiten der auf Gleiswagen ruhenden Stapelreihe gedrückt und geeignet fixiert werden. Die vom Stapel abgewandten Seiten der Dichtungen gleiten dann während der Beschickung an den geraden und glatten Enden der Düsenbleche entlang oder halten zu diesen einen geringen Abstand. Das Anbringen und Abnehmen der Dichtungen ist problemlos möglich, weil die beladenen Gleiswagen außerhalb der Kammer von allen Seiten frei zugänglich sind.The required between the ends of the fan plane outgoing nozzle plates and the stack sides seals can be used without the risk of damage when pressed outside the drying chamber at the appropriate height to the sides of the resting on track cars stack row and properly fixed. The sides of the gaskets facing away from the stack then slide along the straight and smooth ends of the nozzle plates or keep them at a small distance during feeding. The installation and removal of the seals is easily possible because the loaded rail cars outside the chamber are freely accessible from all sides.
Die Dichtungen lassen sich zwar einfach direkt am Holzstapel befestigen; die erforderliche Maßhaltigkeit beim Beschicken lässt sich so aber kaum erreichen. Besser ist es, eine Dichtvorrichtung zu verwenden, die sich relativ zum Gleiswagen genau positionieren lässt.Although the seals can be easily attached directly to the wood pile; the required dimensional accuracy during loading can hardly be achieved this way. It is better, To use a sealing device that can be positioned accurately relative to the track car.
Diese Dichtvorrichtung weist vorzugsweise ein Gestell auf, das aus Horizontalhalterungen und Vertikalverbindungen zusammengesetzt ist, wobei die Elemente je nach Material miteinander verschraubt, verklebt oder verschweißt sind. Als Material eignet sich Aluminium besonders gut, weil es leicht, korrosionsfest und einfach zu bearbeiten ist. Deshalb werden als Vertikalverbindungen bevorzugt Alu-Hohlrohre, als Horizontalhalterungen Alu-Profile verwendet. Diese Profile enthalten stapelseitig in Längsrichtung eine Aussparung, in die eine Dichtleiste aus elastischem Material eingedrückt und dort entweder durch Widerhaken oder Klebung festgehalten wird.This sealing device preferably has a frame which is composed of horizontal supports and vertical connections, wherein the elements are screwed together, glued or welded depending on the material. As a material, aluminum is particularly good, because it is lightweight, corrosion-resistant and easy to work. Therefore, aluminum tubes are preferably used as vertical connections, aluminum profiles as horizontal holders. These profiles contain a stack side in the longitudinal direction of a recess into which a sealing strip of elastic material is pressed and held there either by barbs or gluing.
Das Gestell hat normalerweise die Länge und Höhe einer Stapelreihe; bei zu großer Länge kann es auch aus Teilen bestehen, damit es vom Bedienungspersonal mühelos auch ohne maschinelle Hilfe bewegt werden kann. Das Gestell wird kammerspezifisch eingerichtet, weil die Horizontalhalterungen in der Höhe mit den in der Trockenkammer fest montierten Düsenblechen korrespondieren müssen.The frame usually has the length and height of a stack row; if it is too long, it can also be made of parts so that it can be easily moved by the operator even without machine assistance. The frame is designed chamber-specific, because the horizontal brackets must correspond in height with the fixedly mounted in the drying chamber nozzle plates.
Zur Befestigung des Gestells am Gleiswagen werden bevorzugt Rungen verwendet, z.B. in Form von Aluminium-Hohlrohren. Die Rungen werden zu beiden Seiten der Stapelreihe in entsprechende Aussparungen an den Enden der zuunterst, bündig mit beiden Seiten der Ladefläche aufliegenden Kanthölzer gesteckt und am oberen Ende mit einer einfachen Querverbindung zusammengehalten. Die Kanthölzer (die auch so genannt werden, wenn sie aus anderen Materialien wie z.B. Aluminium bestehen) werden durch das Gewicht der aufliegenden Stapelpakete in ihrer Lage auf der Ladefläche festgehalten.Stanchions are preferably used to attach the rack to the railcar, e.g. in the form of aluminum hollow tubes. The stanchions are placed on both sides of the stack row in corresponding recesses at the ends of the lowermost, flush with both sides of the deck squared timbers and held together at the top with a simple cross-connection. The squared timbers (also called so if made of other materials such as aluminum) are held in place on the bed by the weight of the stacking packs resting on them.
Das Gestell wird von der Seite an den Rungen geeignet befestigt, z.B. an Haken oder Winkelbleche gehängt. Dabei drücken sich die Dichtleisten gegen die Stapelseite und trennen so Stapelbereiche ober- und unterhalb bezüglich der Trockenmittelströmung voneinander ab. Damit die Rungen kein Hindernis für durchgehende Dichtleisten beim Andrücken an den Stapel bilden, wird für die Dichtleisten ein entsprechend nachgiebiges Material verwendet, in das sich die Rungen vollständig eindrücken lassen.The frame is suitably secured from the side to the stanchions, e.g. hung on hooks or angle plates. In this case, the sealing strips press against the stack side and thus separate stack areas above and below with respect to the desiccant flow from each other. So that the stanchions do not form an obstacle to continuous sealing strips when pressed against the stack, a correspondingly yielding material is used for the sealing strips, into which the stanchions can be completely pressed.
Rungen als Befestigungsmittel für die Dichtvorrichtung haben einen zusätzlichen Vorteil: Da sie an beiden Seiten der Stapelreihe eng anliegen, verhindern sie, daß während der Trocknung Bretter seitlich ausscheren. Dies ist besonders wichtig für Vakuumtrockner, weil da die Breite der Tore aus Gründen der Statik sehr knapp bemessen ist.Stakes as fasteners for the sealing device have an additional advantage: Since they fit snugly on both sides of the stacking row, they prevent boards from shearing laterally during drying. This is particularly important for vacuum dryers because the width of the gates is very tight for reasons of statics.
Abdeckungen bzw. Blenden für die kritischen Bereiche zwischen den Stapelpaketen lassen sich auf einfache Weise in das Gestell der Dichtvorrichtung integrieren. Zu diesem Zweck sind die Horizontalhalterungen - mit oder ohne Dichtleiste - auf der Ober- und Unterseite über die gesamte Länge mit jeweils einer Nut versehen. In zwei gegenüberliegende Nuten können Vertikalblenden zur Abdeckung der Paket- bzw. Brettenden einfach eingesetzt und horizontal beliebig verschoben werden. Diese Blenden können aus Blech- oder Kunststoffplatten unterschiedlicher Breite bestehen, je nach aktuellen Erfordernissen. Sie können auch durchbrochen sein, wenn die abdeckende Wirkung geringer sein soll. Um einen allmählichen Ubergang der Durchströmung zu erhalten, können mehrere schmale Blenden in geeignetem Abstand nebeneinander gesetzt werden. Denselben Zweck erfüllt auch eine einzige Blende mit Durchbrechungen, deren Größe oder Anzahl von den Seiten zur Mitte hin abnimmt.Covers or panels for the critical areas between the stack packages can be easily integrated into the frame of the sealing device. For this purpose, the horizontal brackets - with or without sealing strip - on the top and bottom over the entire length, each provided with a groove. In two opposite grooves vertical panels can be easily used to cover the package or board ends and moved horizontally as desired. These panels can be made of sheet metal or plastic plates of different width, depending on current requirements. They can also be broken, if the covering effect should be lower. In order to obtain a gradual transition of the flow, several narrow apertures can be placed next to each other at a suitable distance. The same purpose is fulfilled by a single aperture with openings whose size or number decreases from the sides to the middle.
Die in Längsrichtung verschiebbaren Vertikalblenden können bis an die Rückwand und das Tor der Trockenkammer reichen, sodaß auch an den Enden der Stapelreihe zu rasches Austrocknen ohne zusätzliche Vorrichtung vermieden wird.The longitudinally displaceable vertical panels can reach up to the rear wall and the door of the drying chamber, so that even at the ends of the stack row to rapid drying without additional device is avoided.
Zur Abdeckung der Kantholzbereiche lassen sich Horizontalblenden auf einfache Weise in stapelseitigen Nuten der Vertikalverbindungen des beschriebenen Gestells vertikal positionieren und fixieren, beispielsweise mit Hilfe von Federklemmen.To cover the squared timber areas, horizontal panels can be positioned and fixed in a simple manner in stack-side grooves of the vertical connections of the frame described, for example by means of spring clips.
Es kann sinnvoll sein, je ein Gestell mit den erforderlichen Blenden zu beiden Seiten der Stapelreihe anzubringen, vor allem wenn die Ventilatoren üblicherweise im Reversierbetrieb mit Umkehrung der Trockenmittelströmung eingesetzt werden.It may be useful to attach a frame with the required panels on both sides of the stack row, especially if the fans are usually used in reversing with reversal of the desiccant flow.
Im Folgenden wird die erfindungsgemäße Lösung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in schematischer, nicht maßstabsgerechter Darstellung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt
- Fig. 1 eine mit zwei Stapelreihen beschickte Trockenkammer im Querschnitt,
- Fig. 2 eine vergrößerte Teildarstellung von Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 den seitlichen Blick auf eine Stapelreihe mit davorliegendem Gestell.
- 1 is a loaded with two rows of stacks drying chamber in cross section,
- 2 is an enlarged partial view of Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 shows the side view of a stack of rows with front frame.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Trockenkammer 1 mit Ventilator 2 und symmetrischen Düsenblechen 3. Bei Einsatz von mehreren Ventilatoren sind diese in Längsrichtung der Trockenkammer, also senkrecht zur Papierebene, in gleicher Höhe hintereinander aufgereiht zu denken; die Düsenbleche erstrecken sich entsprechend über die Kammerlänge. Zu beiden Seiten der Ventilatoren 2 ruht je ein Gleiswagen 5 mit Rädern 6 auf Gleisen 4, die auf dem Boden verlegt sind. Die Gleiswagen tragen jeweils drei Stapelpakete 7 übereinander, welche mit weiteren (nicht sichtbaren) Paketen in Längsrichtung der Trockenkammer je eine Stapelreihe bilden. Jedes Stapelpaket 7 enthält mehrere Lagen aus parallel liegenden Brettern 8, getrennt durch Stapelleisten 9 zwischen je zwei Lagen, und ruht auf Kanthölzern 10. Zu beiden Seiten der Stapelreihen befinden sich Rungen 11, die unten in Kanthölzer 10 eingesteckt sind und am oberen Ende durch Rungenverbindungen 12 zusammengehalten werden. Die Trockenmittelströmung bei Reversierbetrieb der Ventilatoren ist durch Doppelpfeile angedeutet; sie ist ober- und unterhalb einer Grenzfläche 18 stets gegenläufig. Blenden 22 verhindern eine nutzlose Trockenmittelströmung im Bereich von Kammerboden und -decke.Fig. 1 shows a drying chamber 1 with fan 2 and
Das Gestell 13 seitlich der Rungen 11 ist in Fig. 2 vergrößert dargestellt. Es ist aus Vertikalverbindungen 15 und Horizontalhalterungen 14 zusammengesetzt und an Befestigungswinkeln 16 aufgehängt. Die Horizontalhalterungen 14 in Höhe der Grenzflächen 18 sind mit Dichtleisten 17 versehen, deren Enden mit dem Stapel in Kontakt sind. Vertikalblenden 19 sind in gegenüberliegenden Nuten der Horizontalhalterungen 14 geführt. Eine vertikal verschiebbare Horizontalblende 20 (angedeutet durch Doppelpfeil) befindet sich in Höhe des Kantholzes 10.The
In Fig. 3 ist eine Anordnung von drei Vertikalblenden 19 nebeneinander dargestellt. Der kreisförmige Ausschnitt gibt den Blick frei auf die dahinterliegenden Enden von zwei benachbarten Stapelpaketen 7. Im kleineren Kreisausschnitt ist die stapelseitige Nut 21 einer Vertikalverbindung 15 sichtbar gemacht. In dieser Nut ist die Horizontalblende 20 geführt.In Fig. 3, an arrangement of three
Claims (9)
- Method for drying stacked sawn timber or similar material in a drying chamber installed for longitudinal charging using track vehicles, provided with convective heating, fans for circulating the gaseous drying medium transversely to the charging direction and with a sealing device fixed to the track vehicle for separating from stack areas having an oppositely directed drying agent flow, characterized in that the sealing device outside the drying chamber (1) is in the form of a frame with at least two horizontal holding components (14) into each of which is pressed an elastic material sealing strip (17), and with vertical connections fixed to a track vehicle (5) fully loaded with stack packages (7) and said sealing device together therewith is introduced into the drying chamber.
- Device for drying stacked sawn timber or similar material for performing the method according to claim 1, with a track vehicle (5) fully loaded with stack packages (7) and with a sealing device fixed thereto, characterized in that the sealing device has a frame located on the track vehicle (5) formed by at least two horizontal holding components (14) and vertical connections (15), an elastic material sealing strip (17) being pressed into each of said horizontal holding components (14).
- Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the sealing device (13) is fitted to stanchions (11), which laterally bound the stack packages (7) and which are appropriately connected to the track vehicle (5), the sealing strip (17) being in contact with the stack row.
- Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that on their top and bottom sides the horizontal holding components (14) have through grooves, which serve to hold horizontally displaceable vertical panels (19).
- Device according to one of the claims 2 to 4, characterized in that on their side facing the stack the vertical connections (15) have a groove (21) for guiding and fixing vertically displaceable horizontal panels (20).
- Device according to one of the claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the sealing device together with the track vehicle (5) can be introduced into a drying chamber (1), in whose longitudinal direction fans (2) are successively lined up.
- Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the drying agent flow passes out of the fans (2) at right angles to the charging direction.
- Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the fans are located between stack packages (7).
- Device according to one of the claims 6 to 8, characterized by nozzle plates (3) symmetrical to fans (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10124555 | 2001-05-14 | ||
DE10124555A DE10124555C1 (en) | 2001-05-14 | 2001-05-14 | Sawn timber drying method has stacked timber provided with sealing rails for separating drying medium flows fed through different stack sections in opposite direction |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1258693A1 EP1258693A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
EP1258693B1 true EP1258693B1 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
Family
ID=7685475
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02010640A Expired - Lifetime EP1258693B1 (en) | 2001-05-14 | 2002-05-11 | Process and apparatus for drying sawn timber |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1258693B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE366902T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10124555C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015110750B4 (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2021-12-09 | Hildebrand Holztechnik Gmbh | Drying device |
EP3190370A1 (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2017-07-12 | Hildebrand Holztechnik GmbH | Drying device |
CN113231280A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-08-10 | 重庆展成家俱制造有限公司 | Gluing and baking device for furniture board |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1571226A (en) * | 1920-01-19 | 1926-02-02 | Barducci Pilade | Drying plant |
US2055834A (en) * | 1931-06-01 | 1936-09-29 | Moore Dry Kiln Company | Dry kiln |
US2050226A (en) * | 1932-02-15 | 1936-08-04 | Nat Dry Kiln Company | Apparatus for drying lumber |
US2050597A (en) * | 1934-02-07 | 1936-08-11 | James M Thorp | Dehydrator |
FR993971A (en) * | 1944-11-29 | 1951-11-09 | Improvements to rack dryers | |
GB738345A (en) * | 1953-06-25 | 1955-10-12 | G F Wells Ltd | Improvements in and relating to drying kilns |
US2834120A (en) * | 1954-05-24 | 1958-05-13 | Greenhood Elisha Russell | Lumber curing process |
GB849075A (en) * | 1959-01-29 | 1960-09-21 | Vanicek Viktor | Improvements in or relating to drying chambers, particularly for wood |
GB1331229A (en) * | 1969-12-10 | 1973-09-26 | Wells Ltd G F | Drying kilns |
DE3941134A1 (en) * | 1989-12-13 | 1991-06-20 | Wagner Max Novokeram | Continuous dryer esp. for ceramic mouldings - with meandering drying-air flow for optimal drying |
DE4228699C2 (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1997-04-24 | Neumann Rodolfo J | Device for the batch drying of sawn timber |
DE19801162C1 (en) * | 1998-01-15 | 1999-09-23 | Reinhard Brunner | Drier for stacked timber |
-
2001
- 2001-05-14 DE DE10124555A patent/DE10124555C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-05-11 AT AT02010640T patent/ATE366902T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-11 DE DE50210436T patent/DE50210436D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-11 EP EP02010640A patent/EP1258693B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE50210436D1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
ATE366902T1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
EP1258693A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
DE10124555C1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
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