EP1255088B1 - Bearing arch arrangement and construction process of a bearing arch - Google Patents

Abstract

Subarch construction (1) comprises two skewbacks (2) and two imposts (3) between which the arch (4) extends in a curved manner, and a number of identical arch stones (5). An Independent claim is also included for a process for erecting a subarch having the above construction. Preferred Features: The imposts and the arch stones have a wedge shape tapering from the upper side of the arch toward the under side.

Description

The invention relates to a supporting arch structure, in particular for Vault of industrial furnaces, such as lime shaft furnaces, according to the generic term of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method of manufacture a supporting arch according to the preamble of claim 21.

Arch constructions or supporting arch constructions are in constructive area, especially in building with shaped bodies or shaped blocks wherever below an area a cavity is present and the load is above the cavity lying structure or masonry on the cavity laterally bounding walls or pillars must be derived. Since the time of the Romans there have been many sacral ones secular structures with the help of supporting arches or vaults Overvoltage of cavities with roofs or intermediate floors achieved or bridges created with it. The vaults or arches can reach considerable spans and guide them their apex or the vaulted forces laterally into the masonry or auxiliary structures such as columns and pillars.

Arches and supporting arches are also becoming more different in industrial furnace construction Span applied to an oven cavity create, which is covered with further cavities or masonry can be. In general, it is common for vaults or supporting arch constructions to be set up in such a way that initially an educational form is created, for example from wood, on which the Supporting arch or stones forming the vault from two sides bricked in opposite direction to the vertex up to the vertex become. At the apex there is a so-called keystone inserted, against which all sides in domes, in supporting arches or barrel-shaped vaults on two sides of the supporting arch supports its two opposing sections. Subsequently the educational arch can be removed and the vault or the Supporting arch is free.

From DE 39 33 744 C2 is a keystone set for installation in Transitional area between two opposing sections of one vault-like support structure made of refractory Known stones. In this known construction for supporting arches the supporting structure is formed from two sections, the are directed in opposite directions, whereby in the transition area the keystone set is inserted between the two sections which consists of two transition stones, which on its outside, the last stone of the corresponding one Section adjacent, a tapered from top to bottom have a tapering tongue / groove profile, which corresponds to the corresponding tongue and groove devices of the neighboring Stein is trained and so a safe and tight installation should enable and also has at least one keystone, whose shape is selected so that it is in positive engagement in the space between the previously used stones can be used axially is. This is to ensure that in the event of repairs this Keystone must be removed axially, causing the supporting structure is opened to more stones in the event of a repair remove and replace. Theoretically, this is supposed to achieved that the keystone to open the supporting arch not up into the area of masonry above can be removed, but can be pulled out axially, without having to partially remove the masonry above. This known embodiment has not been used in practice proven and has therefore been modified so that the grooves and springs have steps (US-A-5 069 015, present Fig. 14) which are slightly higher Allow stability against lateral axial pressure. hereby however, it is necessary to radially upward the keystone pull out the support arch, so that compared to conventional Keystones for vaulted structures no longer achieved an advantage becomes. A major disadvantage, however, is that the keystone set consists of three stones and thus compared to normal Keystones caused a significantly increased manufacturing cost.

EP 0 862 034 B1 also describes a keystone set for Vault made of refractory stones, consisting of two form-fitting adapter stones that can be connected to the refractory stones and known a wedge-shaped keystone, the wedge-shaped Keystone in the space to be closed between the adapter stones is axially applicable and the adapter blocks and Keystone are inserted into a grout grout. at this known construction will be in the installed state mutually supported connecting surfaces of the adapter blocks and the keystone as flat, step-free surfaces, grooves are arranged in these surfaces, which follow each other the insertion of the keystone to an axially open face Complement the channel so that the channels have one end face each insertable solid coupling rod made of a non-alloyed Pick up carbon steel. In this embodiment, a Keystone sets or a supporting arch is disadvantageous in that the Supporting arch by filling foreign materials both is chemically and materially inhomogeneous and in particular the coupling rods can burn out in use, so that there is no permanent stability.

A similar solution is known from CH 453 586, where there the channels of metal plates inserted between the stones be trained or limited, this solution for rotary kiln linings is provided.

DE-OS 21 19 051 proposes for the vaulted brick lining of rotary kilns so-called wedge stones, the inclined have wedge-shaped projections in their side walls.

At the end of a vaulted arch or a circle of the rotary kiln keystones are used, which are smooth vertical or inclined side surface have, while the other side surface that is connected to the remaining stones required shoulder or the required has wedge-shaped projection. Even with such a Embodiment is disadvantageous that at least in the area of Keystone axial forces can not be safely absorbed.

From DE-PS 481 676 a stone for combustion chamber ceilings is known with a V-shaped projection on one of its side surfaces upward tip and on an opposite one Surface has a corresponding groove. The lead and the Groove are down to a glazed surface of the Steins pulled through, the projection and groove each in the form of a closed triangle are formed. This is to be avoided that breaks along certain lines will fall out of the broken parts with appropriate exposure of unglazed Parts of the blanket against the heat and the Blanket is quickly destroyed. According to this document, it is at Construction of an annular firing surface with these shaped bodies necessary to switch on wedge-shaped stones in suitable spaces. These stones are just like the ones mentioned before Stones formed, but have a smooth surface that have no protrusion or groove. Here too is from Disadvantage that in the area of the wedge or the wedge stones The supporting arch is weakened, especially in the axial direction Direction. Another disadvantage is that the keystone for repair work over the entire stone height upwards from the supporting arch must be pulled out.

The object of the invention is to provide a supporting arch structure, which results in a simply constructed supporting arch, lighter and can be assembled with less effort and a higher load-bearing capacity has known as arches.

The task is carried out with a supporting arch structure with the characteristics of Claim 1 solved.

Advantageous further developments are in the of this claim dependent subclaims.

It is also an object to provide a method for manufacturing a To create a supporting arch with which a supporting arch can be reliably can be assembled easily and with little effort and a support arch is achieved with high load-bearing capacity.

The task is accomplished with a method of making a support arch solved with the features of claim 10.

According to the invention, a supporting arch is formed by a uniform one Stone format trained, d. H. there are no separate adapters or keystones needed.

Only the fighter stones of the supporting arch point like this is common in the prior art, a different shape. she correspond on the supporting arch side from the surface essentially a supporting arch stone format and point to one surface on the support side has a smooth surface.

The stone formats of the supporting arch construction according to the invention have a specially designed contour with one step, which has a shape and a ramp angle, which is has surprisingly turned out to be particularly stable statically.

The method according to the invention provides for the arch of one Abutment stone from beyond the apex and the last stone is the abutment wölber or fighter stone, the resting on the other opposite abutment stone. This has the advantage that the over a repair masonry lying in the supporting arch in most cases doesn't need to be broken out at all because at the point where the fighter stone is used, usually between there is a gap between this stone and the upper masonry, which is filled with mortar.

In the invention it is therefore advantageous that arches in easier and safer way to manufacture, being by reduced production costs are cheap and the invention Supporting arch or the supporting arch structure according to the invention is statically very resilient.

Fig. 1

einen erfindungsgemäße Tragbogenaufbau in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,

Fig. 2

den erfindungsgemäßen Aufbau nach Fig. 1 in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 3

eine erste Ausführungsform eines Kämpfersteins in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 4

den Kämpferstein nach Fig. 3 in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 5

eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tragbogensteins,

Fig. 6

einen erfindungsgemäßen Kämpferstein, welcher dem Stein gemäß Fig. 3 gegenüberliegend angeordnet ist,

Fig. 7

einen Widerlagerstein für den Kämpferstein in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 8

den Stein gemäß Fig. 7 in einer seitlichen Ansicht,

Fig. 11

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tragbogenaufbaus,

Fig. 12

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tragbogenaufbaus,

Fig. 13

die Einbausituation eines erfindungsgemäßen Tragbogenaufbaus, insbesondere beim Einbau in ein bestehendes Mauerwerk,

Fig. 14

eine Tragbogenkonstruktion mit geteiltem Schlußstein und Adapterstein gemäß dem Stand der Technik.

The invention is explained below using a drawing as an example. It shows:

Fig. 1

a supporting arch structure according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 2

1 in a plan view,

Fig. 3

a first embodiment of a fighting stone in a plan view,

Fig. 4

3 in a side view,

Fig. 5

a first embodiment of a supporting arch stone according to the invention,

Fig. 6

a fighter stone according to the invention, which is arranged opposite the stone according to FIG. 3,

Fig. 7

an abutment stone for the fighting stone in a plan view,

Fig. 8

7 in a side view,

Fig. 11

another embodiment of a supporting arch structure according to the invention,

Fig. 12

another embodiment of a supporting arch structure according to the invention,

Fig. 13

the installation situation of a supporting arch structure according to the invention, in particular when installing in an existing masonry,

Fig. 14

a supporting arch construction with divided keystone and adapter stone according to the prior art.

A supporting arch structure 1 according to the invention (FIGS. 1, 2) has two opposing abutment stones or elements 2, each an abutment vault resting on the abutment stones 2 3 or fighter stone 3 and between the fighter stones 3 den Support arch 4, which consists of a plurality of similar support arch stones 5 is formed.

The abutment stones 2 are essentially cuboid and have a bottom wall 6, a rear wall 7, a Top wall 8, two side walls 9 and a front or Bearing wall 10 on. The front or bearing wall 10 has adjacent to the bottom wall 6 is a narrow one, to the rear wall 7 parallel wall section 11. Above the wall section 11 extends a bearing surface 12 in a predetermined Angle at an angle to the rear wall 7 and closes with the ceiling wall 8 from. The bearing surface 12 of the bearing wall 10 is flat educated. A fighting stone 3 is mounted on the bearing surface 12.

The fighter stone 3 has a bearing wall 15, one of the bearing walls 15 opposite support wall 16, two parallel, these connecting side walls 17 and a ceiling wall 18th and a bottom wall 19.

The fighter stone 3 is slightly wedge-shaped, whereby the fighter stone 3 from its top wall 18 to the bottom wall 19 tapered.

The support wall 16 has a contour that is used to the next supporting arch stone 5 a defined, the location to achieve the positive locking of the stones.

The contour consists for example of a paragraph 20 or a Step 20 in the support wall 16 (Fig. 4, 6).

From level 20, the fighting stone 3 narrows to Bottom wall 19 down. The stage 20 has an arched arch Course and extends approximately from the middle of a side wall 17 to the opposite side wall 17, the Step 20 (Fig. 1) is curved down to the bottom wall 19. The step 20 runs obliquely or inclined, the step 20 has a ramp angle α which is 30 ° to 60 °, in particular 45 ° is.

The actual supporting arch 4 is made from the supporting arch stones 5 educated. The supporting arch stones 5 are wedge-shaped, with a front support wall 25 and a rear support wall 26, from a common ceiling wall 27 to a common Bottom wall 28 run towards each other. Also owns the support arch stone 5 two the front and rear support wall 25, 26 connecting flat side walls 29. The front support wall 25 and rear support wall 26 each have a contour on. The contour of the support wall 25 has, for example Level 30, which extends obliquely at the angle α. With the Level 30, the supporting arch stone 5 tapers from the ceiling wall 27 to the bottom wall 28 in steps. Level 30 is corresponding the level 20 of the fighting stone 3 is formed and runs arched like an arch and thus extends approximately from the middle of a side wall 29 to the opposite side wall 29, the step 30 down to the bottom wall 28 is concave.

The rear support wall 26 also has a contour, the contour of the rear support wall 26, for example there is a step 31 which extends obliquely at the angle α. With level 31 the supporting arch stone 5 expands from the top wall 27 to the bottom wall 28 step-like. The Step 31 is arched and preferably extends at level 30 from one side wall 29 to the opposite Side wall 29, the level 31 corresponding to level 30 in the direction of the bottom wall 28 convex runs. The level 20 and the level 31 are corresponding trained together that a on the fighter stone 3rd supporting arch stone 5 with its rear supporting wall 26 rests on the support wall 16, the step 20 in the step 31 engages positively and the ceiling wall 18 and the Bottom wall 19 of the fighting stone 3 with the top wall 27 and the bottom wall 28 of the subsequent supporting arch stone 5 closes. The side walls 17 of the fighting stone 3 and Side walls 29 of the supporting arch stone 5 run here alignment. The contours of the rear support wall 26 and the front supporting wall 25 of the supporting arch stones 5 correspond in such a way that the supporting arch stones also with the Side walls flush and with top and bottom walls are finally interlocked. Through her The wedge shape of defined wedge shape results in an arc of defined length and span. The first fighting stone 3 opposite is on the opposite abutment block a second fighter stone 3 is arranged, which of the contour the support wall 16 ago, as described above, with the Contour of the front supporting wall 25 of the supporting arch stone 5 corresponds, i.e. has a contour that the rear support wall 26 corresponds to a supporting arch stone 5.

In a further embodiment (FIGS. 9, 10), the Levels 20, 30, 31 oval, especially pointed oval from the respective Top wall 18 or 27 forth to bottom wall 17 or 28, thereby in the walls 26, towards the ceiling wall opening recesses 35 and in the walls 16 and 25 themselves to the respective ceiling wall 18 or 27 widening lugs or Form bulges 36. The lugs 36 of a stone 3, 5 grip when the supporting arch is assembled in the recesses 35 of the adjacent stone form-fitting, the flanks of the Steps 20, 30, 31 also lie positively on top of each other.

In addition, the step 20, 30, 31 can also be wavy Have course (Fig. 11) or from the side walls 17, 29 forth parallel to the bottom wall 28, 19 a piece run to the middle of the stone and then bend on both sides, so that an upward or downward triangular point or parallelogram-shaped or rectangular or square nose 37 or recess 38 is formed in the course of the step (Fig. 12).

In contrast to the previously known tongue and groove designs offers the formation of a stage according to the invention, in particular a concave / convex step, the advantage that such steps can be produced inexpensively because of the concave / convex shape compared to the angled or semicircular tongue and groove shape can be machined more easily. Further offer the stages of the invention by the from this form resulting radian of the step a significantly larger area for absorbing the weight loads that act on this support arch. Prior art designs have significantly less space to accommodate appropriate loads what leads to stress-related material breakage in many cases. The Chamfering according to the invention has the advantage that it is used for reduction contributes to the notch effect. The horizontal to the layer direction running, concave or convex step offers in connection with the uniform structure of the vault the advantage that a continuous joint in the central area of the top vertex does not arise. There are continuous joints from both a thermomechanical and thermochemical point of view basically weak point of a supporting arch or vault structure, because this reduced gas leakage on the one hand and reduced on the other Mold or power fluid are caused. The Supporting arch structure according to the invention also has the advantage that since only uniform supporting arch stones are used, there is an even distribution of stress in the supporting arch. in the In contrast to this, an inhomogeneous one arises in the prior art Construction using several different shaped formats.

Using calculations using the finite element method be found that the static load capacity of the invention Supporting arch structure significantly above that previously known arch structures. In particular, one uniform homogeneous stress distribution can be demonstrated.

The method according to the invention for creating is described below of an arch explained. To the support arch according to the invention to create a teaching framework or a teaching sheet, which is from an abutment block 2 or an abutment element 2 to the opposite abutment block 2 or abutment element 2 extends. The arch has an upward curvature which corresponds to that of the supporting arch to be created. Now, first, a bearing surface 12 of an abutment block 2 a fighting stone 3 or abutment arch 3 with its bearing wall 15 launched. The bearing wall 15 of the fighting stone 3 preferably closes on all sides with the bearing surface 12 of the abutment block 2 from. Then, up to the top vertex of the supporting arch supporting stones 5 each form-fitting applied to the previous stone, the first arch stone 5 form-fitting to those resting on the abutment stone 2 Fighter stone 3 is created. After crossing the top Vertices, the following are created during installation or stones to be created using a special assembly adhesive fixed against each other. After creating the last vault stone can the opposing fighting stone 3 or abutment-Wölber 3 in the supporting arch structure between the abutment block 2 and the last supporting arch stone 5 are used.

By laying the stones exactly before the actual one Installation in the furnace system are the exact dimensions of the abutments determinable. The invention provides for the compensation of Length changes or tolerances in stone production one Containers with support stones 5 different thickness fighter stones 3, for example two each of a variety. This has the Advantage that the much larger number of stones, namely the Supporting arches 5, can always be made the same while the fighter stones, which are produced as special formats anyway 3 can be manufactured in different thicknesses. For example, in the event that, despite careful preparatory work the intended last fighting stone 3 or abutment-Wölber 3 should not fit exactly, from this fighting stone 3 one each by +2 mm and one by -2 mm, based on the wedge, varying alternative format included. Through this Possibility of variation becomes an optimal one even with dimensional deviations Installation achieved.

In the installed state (FIG. 13), the supporting arch 4 extends with its supporting arch stones 5 between the abutment stones 2 or the abutment vaults 3 or fighter stones 3 above of the arch 4 extends the further masonry 40, wherein usually between the masonry 40 and the supporting arch 4 a Leveling mortar layer 41, especially after repairs is.

According to the invention, it is sufficient to remove a defective supporting arch usually from breaking out this layer of mortar 41 and then the last used abutment-Wölber 3 or Fighter stone 3 by the height h of the curvature of level 20 upwards to lift up into the area of the leveling layer that has broken out and remove. Possibly. can this fighting stone 3 together with the next supporting arch stone 5a moved up together when the movement of a single stone is blocked. Conversely, with a suitable choice of step height or the height of the compensation layer 41, the stones 3, 5 of the total Then replace the supporting arch 4 without - as in the state of the Technology common - the masonry above broken out must be, since this only with the change of the last stone must be sunk into the stone structure from above. Therefor however, according to the invention there is sufficient space.

In the method according to the invention it is advantageous that So far time and costly masonry of the over the supporting arch existing masonry can be omitted in repair cases.

Claims (18)

1. Load-bearing arch structure particularly for industrial furnaces or kilns, having abutment members (2) and a springer block (3) resting against each abutment member (2), there extending between the springer blocks (3) a load-bearing arch (4) which is formed from a plurality of load-bearing arch blocks (5) of similar configuration which have a front load-bearing wall (25), a rear load-bearing wall (26), a top wall (27), a bottom wall (28) and two side-walls (29), and the load-bearing arch blocks (5) having, on one load-bearing wall (25), a first, projecting contour in the form of a step (30) and, on the opposite load-bearing wall (26), a second, receding contour also in the form of a step (31), which second, receding contour corresponds to the first contour and engages in said first contour on an adjoining load-bearing arch element (3, 5), characterised in that

   a) the load-bearing arch blocks (5) are formed to be wedge-shaped, in that the front load-bearing wall (25) and the rear load-bearing wall (26) extend towards one another from the top wall (27) to the common bottom wall (28),

   b) the steps (30, 31) each extend from one side-wall (29) to the opposite side-wall (29),

   c) downwards towards the bottom wall (28), the step (30) forming the first contour is formed to an arcuate concave curve,

   d) downwards towards the bottom wall (28), the step (31) forming the first contour is formed to an arcuate convex curve.
2. Load-bearing arch structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the steps (30, 31) forming the contours extend obliquely at a ramp angle α which is from 30 to 60° and in particular is 45°.
3. Load-bearing arch structure according to claim 1 and/or 2, characterised in that the steps (30, 31) extend in an undulating shape.
4. Load-bearing arch structure according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that one springer block (30) has the first step (30) and the other springer block has the second step (31).
5. Load-bearing arch structure according to claim 4, characterised in that the springer blocks (3) are formed to be wedge-shaped.
6. Load-bearing arch structure according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the springer blocks (3) have a bearer wall (15), a load-bearing wall (16) opposite from the bearer wall (15), two parallel side-walls (17) which connect the latter, plus a top wall (18) and a bottom wall (19) opposite from the top wall (18), the springer blocks (3) tapering from the top wall (18) to the bottom wall, and in that, to give a positive interengagement with a following load-bearing arch block (5), the load-bearing wall (16) has a step (30, 31).
7. Load-bearing arch structure according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the abutment members (2) are abutment blocks which are substantially cuboid in shape and which have a bottom wall (6), a rear wall (7), a top wall (8), two side-walls (9) and a front, bearer wall (10), the bearer wall (10) having, adjacent the bottom wall (6), a narrow wall portion (11) extending parallel to the rear wall (7), and there being, above the wall portion (11), a bearer face (12) which extends obliquely to the rear wall (7) at a preset angle and terminates at the top wall (8).
8. Load-bearing arch structure according to claim 7, characterised in that the bearer face (12) of the bearer wall (10) is plane in form.
9. Load-bearing arch structure according to claim 7 and/or 8, characterised in that the bearer face (12) bears a springer block (3).
10. Method of producing a load-bearing arch having a structure according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, wherein a first springer block (3) is laid against a first abutment member (2) or a first abutment block (2), and load-bearing arch blocks (5) are then placed against the springer blocks (3) or following load-bearing arch blocks (5) in positive interengagement therewith until the location for an opposing second springer block (3) is reached, and the second springer block (3) is finally placed between the last load-bearing arch block (5) and the second abutment block (2) in positive interengagement therewith.
11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the load-bearing arch blocks (5) and springer blocks (3) are fixed to one another for easy fitting and/or alignment.
12. Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the load-bearing arch blocks (5) and springer blocks (3) are fixed to one another with clips, falsework, thin-bed mortar or adhesives.
13. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterised in that the springer blocks (3) and the load-bearing arch (4) are placed on arch formwork, the arch formwork being arranged between the abutment blocks (2).
14. Method according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the springer blocks (3) and the load-bearing arch blocks (5) are laid in such a way that their side-walls (17, 29) are in alignment.
15. Method according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that, to compensate for tolerances in production or dimensional inaccuracies, suitably oversized or undersized springer blocks (3) are fitted.
16. Method according to claim 15, characterised in that, to match the last springer block (3) to the load-bearing arch, one springer block (3) is selected from three springer blocks whose wedge angles are respectively undersized, normal and over-sized, and is fitted.
17. Use of a load-bearing arch structure according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, produced by a method according to one or more of claims 10 to 16, for load-bearing arches in shaft lime kilns.
18. Use of a load-bearing arch structure according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, produced by a method according to one or more of claims 10 to 16, for barrel-like vaults.

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