EP1252635A2 - Procede de conditionnement d'effluents de soude sous forme nepheline. - Google Patents
Procede de conditionnement d'effluents de soude sous forme nepheline.Info
- Publication number
- EP1252635A2 EP1252635A2 EP01907692A EP01907692A EP1252635A2 EP 1252635 A2 EP1252635 A2 EP 1252635A2 EP 01907692 A EP01907692 A EP 01907692A EP 01907692 A EP01907692 A EP 01907692A EP 1252635 A2 EP1252635 A2 EP 1252635A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metakaolin
- suspension
- zeolite
- aqueous solution
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 13
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052663 cancrinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Substances [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- -1 ION sodium hydroxide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFRXZIMAUMUZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M [OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BFRXZIMAUMUZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001649 dickite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010857 liquid radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/162—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix, e.g. clays, zeolites
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a process for conditioning waste constituted by aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions.
- radioactive soda solutions obtained as waste from fast neutron nuclear reactors.
- This waste can come from the operation of industrial and experimental reactors, but also from research laboratories. They can contain radioactive elements, such as 22Na and other radioelements originating from nuclear power activity in general such as uranium, plutonium, cesium, cobalt, etc.
- the silico-aluminous clays which can be used for this conversion, belong to the group comprising kaolin, bentonite, dickite, halloysite and pyrophillite.
- the intermediate product (cancrinite) in diagram (1) during the calcination, either a loose powder or objects molded by compression of the intermediate product in the desired form are formed, followed by sintering to at least 600 ° C. In this process, it is therefore necessary to manipulate powders in order to obtain solid shaped products and to use mechanical or hydraulic presses to compress these powders.
- a gel is formed by dissolving the calcined kaolin in the sodium hydroxide solution, then a solid product is prepared, by heating the gel, by crystallization.
- kaolin quantities such as the Na 2 O / Si0 2 molar ratio are chosen, that is from 1.8 to 3.8, preferably 2.8.
- the amount of water is such that the molar ratio H 2 0 / Na 2 0 either in the range from 30 to 50, which corresponds to soda solutions 2.23 to 3.7 M. This gives zeolite powders usable in the formulation of detergents, the size of the particles being in the range of 1 to 10 ⁇ m for 99% by weight of the particles.
- a zeolite A is obtained by reaction of metakaolin with an alkaline aqueous medium, using a 7 to 30% solution of sodium hydroxide and an amount of NaOH, representing 1.3 to 3 times the stoichiometric quantity required for the formation of zeolite A.
- This corresponds to an Na 2 0 / Si0 2 ratio of 0.05 to 10 and an H 2 0 / Na 2 0 molar ratio of 15 to 70, i.e. a sodium hydroxide solution 1, 58 to 7.4 M.
- this zeolite in powder form is intended for use in detergents and that is why we are looking for a brighter and less yellow zeolite A, a result which is obtained by using, as a product of departure, metakaolin.
- the present invention specifically relates to a method of packaging a waste consisting of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, which makes it possible to obtain solid products, of the nepheline type, without having to treat a powder and compact it.
- the process for conditioning a waste consisting of an aqueous solution comprising 3 to 10 mol / 1 of NaOH soda, comprises the following steps: a) adding to the aqueous solution a metakaolin powder in an amount such that 'A suspension capable of solidifying and forming a crystalline phase of the zeolite A type is obtained; b) introducing the suspension into a mold; c) allow the suspension to solidify in the mold to obtain a solid molded product based on zeolite A; d) drying the molded product; and e) converting the zeolite A phase to a nepheline type phase by heat treatment at a temperature of 1000 to 1500 ° C.
- the fact of starting from a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and adding thereto metakaolin powder in an appropriate amount makes it possible to obtain a suspension capable of solidifying to form a crystalline phase of the zeolite type A.
- this zeolite A can therefore be obtained directly in the form of a solid molded product, then transformed into the nepheline type phase by a heat treatment.
- This is very advantageous when the aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions contain radioactive products, since the handling of powder is eliminated, which could lead to a dispersion of the radioactivity, the investment in material is reduced since it is no longer necessary to use mechanical or hydraulic presses, and we can also reduce the size of the installation and produce molded products corresponding to the dimensions of the waste containers.
- the use of a nepheline-type phase makes it possible to confine the radioactivity to a stable phase, which prevents the leaching of the radioactive products trapped in this structure.
- the fact of starting from an aqueous soda solution, comprising practically no sodium nitrate and nitrite makes it possible to obtain, by reaction with metakaolin, a crystalline phase of zeolite A type. .
- the zeolite phase only appears in the case of the use of metakaolin.
- the quantity of metakaolin and the reaction temperature a proportion of hydroxysodalite phase can form.
- this second phase even in significant proportion, does not prevent solidification of the suspension and conversion to nepheline.
- the sodium hydroxide concentration is too low, the reaction takes place, leaving a supernatant liquid and a dense solid.
- the quantity of metakaolin added should be chosen so that it corresponds substantially to the stoichiometry of the reaction (3) described above, i.e. a molar ratio of metakaolin to soda, which is close to the stoichiometry of the reaction, that is to say a molar ratio of 0.4 to 0.6, preferably about 0.5.
- the water content of the suspension obtained by adding metakaolin to the sodium hydroxide solution should also be adjusted to an appropriate value.
- the water content of this suspension depends on the sodium hydroxide concentration of the starting aqueous solution, since no addition of water is made after adding metakaolin to this solution.
- suspensions containing 30 to 70% are obtained. weight of water, in the case where the quantity of metakaolin added corresponds substantially to the stoichiometry of the reaction.
- metakaolin this is obtained by calcining kaolin at temperatures of 500 to 1200 ° C. The lower the calcination temperature, the more reactive the product. However, the drop in reactivity can be compensated for by grinding.
- the metakaolins obtained at temperatures of 800 to 1000 ° C. are preferred, having an average particle size of 1 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably from 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the treatment temperature used for reaction (3) can be from 15 to 100 ° C, under atmospheric pressure. One could also operate at higher temperatures under pressure. Indeed, moderate heating of the suspension makes it possible to activate the solidification of the suspension.
- the chemical species present in the starting aqueous solution may interfere with the reaction (3) for the formation of zeolite A. It is the case in particular of the N0 3 " and N0 2 ions present in the starting aqueous solution of the reference [1] which prevent the formation of the zeolite A phase and the solidification leading to the cancrinite phase. Also according to the invention , the total content of N0 3 ⁇ and N0 2 " ions in the starting aqueous solution is preferably 0 to 0.5 mol / l.
- the molded product obtained by this solidification is subjected to drying, then to a heat treatment to transform it into nepheline.
- Drying can be carried out after demolding the product at temperatures of 110 to 500 ° C.
- the heat treatment is then carried out on the dried product at temperatures of 1000 to 1500 ° C, to obtain the transformation into nepheline (between 500 and 850 ° C), then the densification of the products by removing the open porosity.
- the figure is a diagram representing the different stages of the process of the invention.
- the first step of the process is to add to the starting soda solution (waste) the desired amount of metakaolin powder, and knead the whole to obtain a homogeneous paste.
- the average particle size of the metakaolin powder is less than 10 ⁇ m and this metakaolin was obtained by calcination of a powdered kaolin at a temperature of 800 ° C., for 1 hour.
- the shaping step is carried out by casting or spinning.
- the dough can be poured into a sealed mold to obtain a product of the desired shape.
- the mixture crystallizes and solidifies in the minutes or hours that follow.
- the setting time depends on the temperature used. To activate the plug very strongly, you can operate at a temperature of 40 to 70 ° C by moderate heating. It would also be possible to promote the growth of the zeolite grains by inoculating the suspension with crystals of zeolite A to obtain a homogeneous germination or with crystals of Nepheline leading to heterogeneous germination.
- hardened products After solidification, hardened products are obtained which have acquired sufficient mechanical strength to be handled by automated means. They can therefore be removed from the mold before subjecting them to drying and the final heat treatment.
- the molded products can also be stored in the mold, if the latter consists of a completely incinerable and ashless material, for example made of polymer material or cellulose.
- the molded products are then dried, which is carried out slowly to evacuate the residual water, avoiding cracking of the products.
- the duration of the drying step obviously depends on the amount of water to be evaporated, as well as on the geometry of the molded products. We can operate at a temperature of 110 to 550 ° C, not exceeding the temperature of 100 ° C at first, to avoid cracking of the molded products, by a too violent departure of water vapor.
- This drying step corresponds to the following reaction equation:
- the dried products are then subjected to the final heat treatment, at least 1000 ° C.
- the purpose of this treatment is: 1) convert the zeolite phase to a nepheline type phase, conversion which typically takes place between 500 and 850 ° C; and
- a densified nepheline phase is thus obtained in which the salts or radioactive elements which were liable to be present in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution are trapped.
- the products obtained can then be sent to a storage site, possibly after baking.
- Example 2 Packaging of a 5N sodium hydroxide solution
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0000985 | 2000-01-26 | ||
| FR0000985A FR2804103B1 (fr) | 2000-01-26 | 2000-01-26 | Procede de conditionnement d'effluents de soude sous forme nepheline |
| PCT/FR2001/000233 WO2001056040A2 (fr) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-25 | Procede de conditionnement d"effluents de soude sous forme nepheline. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1252635A2 true EP1252635A2 (fr) | 2002-10-30 |
| EP1252635B1 EP1252635B1 (fr) | 2004-04-21 |
Family
ID=8846327
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01907692A Expired - Lifetime EP1252635B1 (fr) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-25 | Procede de conditionnement d'effluents de soude sous forme nepheline. |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6676915B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1252635B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2003520975A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2804103B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2257627C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001056040A2 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10673660B2 (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2020-06-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Continuous time linear equalizer |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9926674D0 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2000-01-12 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Encapsulation of waste |
| US7309339B2 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2007-12-18 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Apparatus for aligning an instrument during a surgical procedure |
| JP6067497B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-05 | 2017-01-25 | 株式会社東芝 | 放射性廃棄物の固化体の製造方法 |
| FR3009550A1 (fr) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede pour traiter et/ou inerter une solution fortement saline eventuellement contaminee |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4028265A (en) * | 1974-04-02 | 1977-06-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Process for converting sodium nitrate-containing, caustic liquid radioactive wastes to solid insoluble products |
| DE2533614C2 (de) * | 1975-07-26 | 1985-10-31 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Herstellung von zeolithischen Alkalialuminiumsilikaten |
| DE2852674A1 (de) * | 1978-12-06 | 1980-06-19 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von zeolith a aus kaolin |
| LU84743A1 (fr) * | 1983-04-11 | 1984-11-28 | Sipac | Procede de fabrication de zeolite a et produits obtenus |
| US4859367A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-08-22 | Joseph Davidovits | Waste solidification and disposal method |
| DD292432A5 (de) * | 1989-04-10 | 1991-08-01 | ������@������������k�� | Verfahren zur herstellung eines feinteiligen, kristallinen zeolithpulvers vom typ 4a mit vorherbestimmbarer korngroessenverteilung |
| FR2688223B1 (fr) * | 1992-03-05 | 1994-05-20 | Institut Francais Petrole | Nouveau procede d'adoucissement de coupes petrolieres sans adjonction reguliere de solution aqueuse alcaline, utilisant un catalyseur solide basique. |
| RU2087043C1 (ru) * | 1993-05-20 | 1997-08-10 | Научно-исследовательский институт вяжущих веществ и материалов им.В.Д.Глуховского при Киевском государственном техническом университете строительства и архитектуры | Способ отверждения радиоактивных отходов |
| US5830251A (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 1998-11-03 | Vortec Corporation | Manufacture of ceramic tiles from industrial waste |
| RU2131628C1 (ru) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-06-10 | Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации - Физико-энергетический институт им.акад.А.И.Лейпунского | Способ переработки радиоактивных отходов щелочных металлов |
-
2000
- 2000-01-26 FR FR0000985A patent/FR2804103B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-01-25 WO PCT/FR2001/000233 patent/WO2001056040A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-01-25 EP EP01907692A patent/EP1252635B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-25 JP JP2001555103A patent/JP2003520975A/ja active Pending
- 2001-01-25 US US10/149,958 patent/US6676915B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-25 RU RU2002122769/06A patent/RU2257627C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0156040A3 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10673660B2 (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2020-06-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Continuous time linear equalizer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6676915B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 |
| FR2804103B1 (fr) | 2002-03-01 |
| EP1252635B1 (fr) | 2004-04-21 |
| FR2804103A1 (fr) | 2001-07-27 |
| JP2003520975A (ja) | 2003-07-08 |
| RU2257627C2 (ru) | 2005-07-27 |
| RU2002122769A (ru) | 2004-02-27 |
| WO2001056040A3 (fr) | 2002-02-28 |
| US20020198431A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
| WO2001056040A2 (fr) | 2001-08-02 |
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